|
1
|
Taha Z, Crupi MJF, Alluqmani N, MacKenzie D, Vallati S, Whelan JT, Fareez F, Alwithenani A, Petryk J, Chen A, Spinelli MM, Ng K, Sobh J, de Souza CT, Bharadwa PR, Lee TKH, Thomas DA, Huang BZ, Kassas O, Poutou J, Gilchrist VH, Boulton S, Thomson M, Marius R, Hooshyar M, McComb S, Arulanandam R, Ilkow CS, Bell JC, Diallo JS. Complementary dual-virus strategy drives synthetic target and cognate T-cell engager expression for endogenous-antigen agnostic immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7267. [PMID: 39179564 PMCID: PMC11343834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted antineoplastic immunotherapies have achieved remarkable clinical outcomes. However, resistance to these therapies due to target absence or antigen shedding limits their efficacy and excludes tumours from candidacy. To address this limitation, here we engineer an oncolytic rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVΔ51), to express a truncated targeted antigen, which allows for HER2-targeting with trastuzumab. The truncated HER2 (HER2T) lacks signaling capabilities and is efficiently expressed on infected cell surfaces. VSVΔ51-mediated HER2T expression simulates HER2-positive status in tumours, enabling effective treatment with the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Additionally, we combine VSVΔ51-HER2T with an oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing a HER2-targeted T-cell engager. This dual-virus therapeutic strategy demonstrates potent curative efficacy in vivo in female mice using CD3+ infiltrate for anti-tumour immunity. Our findings showcase the ability to tailor the tumour microenvironment using oncolytic viruses, thereby enhancing compatibility with "off-the-shelf" targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Taha
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Joseph François Crupi
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Nouf Alluqmani
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Duncan MacKenzie
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Sydney Vallati
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jack Timothy Whelan
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Faiha Fareez
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Akram Alwithenani
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Andrew Chen
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Marcus Mathew Spinelli
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Kristy Ng
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Judy Sobh
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | | | - Priya Rose Bharadwa
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Timothy Kit Hin Lee
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Dylan Anthony Thomas
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ben Zhen Huang
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Omar Kassas
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Joanna Poutou
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Victoria Heather Gilchrist
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephen Boulton
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Max Thomson
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Ricardo Marius
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Mohsen Hooshyar
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Scott McComb
- Cancer Immunology Team, National Research Council of Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Rozanne Arulanandam
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Carolina Solange Ilkow
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John Cameron Bell
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Lundstrom K, Adilović M, Aljabali AAA, Tambuwala MM, Serrano-Aroca Á, Uversky VN. Autoimmune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103508. [PMID: 38160960 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The complicated relationships between autoimmunity, COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccinations are described, giving insight into their intricacies. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-Ro/SSA, rheumatoid factor, lupus anticoagulant, and antibodies against interferon (IFN)-I have all been consistently found in COVID-19 patients, indicating a high prevalence of autoimmune reactions following viral exposure. Furthermore, the discovery of human proteins with structural similarities to SARS-CoV-2 peptides as possible autoantigens highlights the complex interplay between the virus and the immune system in initiating autoimmunity. An updated summary of the current status of COVID-19 vaccines is presented. We present probable pathways underpinning the genesis of COVID-19 autoimmunity, such as bystander activation caused by hyperinflammatory conditions, viral persistence, and the creation of neutrophil extracellular traps. These pathways provide important insights into the development of autoimmune-related symptoms ranging from organ-specific to systemic autoimmune and inflammatory illnesses, demonstrating the wide influence of COVID-19 on the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | | | - Muhamed Adilović
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Brayford Pool Campus, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|