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Sardo M, Chiarelli DD, Ceragioli F, Rulli MC. Optimized crop distributions in Egypt increase crop productivity and nutritional standards, reducing the irrigation water requirement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175202. [PMID: 39122044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Feeding a growing population with healthy food while preserving the natural ecosystem's resources is a critical challenge of our century. In Egypt, the increasing demand for food commodities and the intensive consumption of freshwater resources by the agricultural sector is hindering the food system capability to achieve sustainable food and nutrition security. The Egyptian government has recently prioritized the improvement of dietary supply through the efficient use of the locally available natural resources. However, strategies to transform the Egyptian agri-food system towards the sustainable satisfaction of healthy dietary needs have not been yet studied. Here, a novel approach has been introduced, able to combine the environmental advantages of an optimized crop allocation with the benefits of providing a healthy diet. First, a physically based agro-hydrological model is used to assess the crop water needs associated with the current cropland and diet (baseline). Subsequently, a linear optimization crop allocation algorithm is designed to replace crops in order to maximize green water productivity, while meeting the dietary requirements of the EAT-Lancet diet. Our results show that through an optimized crop allocation entailing the production of healthy and varied food, it is possible to reach an average 95 % satisfaction of the demand for healthy food items by local agricultural products, with an 8 % reduction in local freshwater consumption and a 90 % increase in crop profitability. Our study suggests the prioritization of the promotion of the dietary guidelines by the EAT-Lancet Commission at the national level in Egypt, to support human health against malnutrition and the development of a more sustainable and efficient food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sardo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan I-20133, Italy.
| | - Davide Danilo Chiarelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan I-20133, Italy.
| | - Federica Ceragioli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan I-20133, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Rulli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan I-20133, Italy.
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Lei L, Qin H, Chen Y, Sun Y, Yin W, Tong S. Association Between Adherence to EAT-Lancet Diet and Risk of Hypertension: An 18-Year National Cohort Study in China. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39235386 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2399826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed an EAT-Lancet diet (ELD), also known as a planetary health diet (PHD), which is environmentally sustainable and promotes human health. However, the association between this diet and the risk of hypertension remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether adherence to ELD was associated with a lower risk of hypertension. METHODS 11,402 adults without hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. The PHD score was used to evaluate ELD adherence, with higher scores reflecting better compliance. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was utilized to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, a subgroup analysis was performed to identify the possible effect modifiers, and a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the mediation effects of anthropometric measurements on the association between ELD and hypertension. RESULTS A total of 3993 participants (35%) developed hypertension during 93,058 person-years of follow-up. In the covariate-adjusted model, hypertension risk was reduced in the highest quartile participants compared to the lowest quartile of the PHD score (adjusted HR: 0.79, 95%CI: 0.71-0.87; P-trend < 0.001), which remained significant after sensitivity analysis. Notably, the association was also observed in isolated systolic hypertension, isolated diastolic hypertension, and systolic-diastolic hypertension. Subgroup analysis revealed that the inverse association between the PHD score and hypertension risk was more pronounced in nonsmokers and high-sodium intake consumers than in smokers and low-sodium consumers (P-interaction < 0.05). Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that 23.3% of the association between the PHD score and hypertension risk was mediated by the waist-to-height ratio. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a higher adherence to ELD is associated with a lower risk of hypertension. These results emphasize that ELD may serve as a potential strategy to prevent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Lei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haixia Qin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yushi Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwei Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Office of Academic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwen Tong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Liu F, Si C, Chen L, Peng Y, Wang P, Wang X, Gong J, Zhou H, Gu J, Qin A, Zhang M, Chen L, Song F. EAT-Lancet Diet Pattern, Genetic Predisposition, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Risk of Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2400448. [PMID: 39233532 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE The association between a planetary and sustainable EAT-Lancet diet and lung cancer remains inconclusive, with limited exploration of the role of genetic susceptibility and inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS The study includes 175 214 cancer-free participants in the UK Biobank. Fourteen food components are collected from a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire. A polygenic risk score is constructed through capturing the overall risk variants for lung cancer. Sixteen inflammatory biomarkers are assayed in blood samples. Participants with the highest EAT-Lancet diet scores (≥12) have a lower risk of lung cancer incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-0.80) and mortality (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.88), compared to those with the lowest EAT-Lancet diet scores (≤8). Interestingly, there is a significantly protective trend against both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma with higher EAT-Lancet diet scores. Despite no significant interactions, a risk reduction trend for lung cancer is observed with increasing EAT-Lancet diet scores and decreasing genetic risk. Ten inflammatory biomarkers partially mediate the association between the EAT-Lancet diet and lung cancer risk. CONCLUSION The study depicts a lower risk of lung cancer conferred by the EAT-Lancet diet associated with lower inflammation levels among individuals with diverse genetic predispositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major, Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Changyu Si
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major, Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Comprehensive Management Department of Occupational Health, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major, Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major, Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xixuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major, Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jianxiao Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major, Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Huijun Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major, Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiale Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major, Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ailing Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major, Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Comprehensive Management Department of Occupational Health, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fangfang Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major, Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
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Zhang S, Yan Y, Zeng XF, Gu Y, Wu H, Zhang Q, Liu L, Huo Z, Luo X, Zhang R, Sonestedt E, Borné Y, Qi L, Huang T, Zheng MH, Chen YM, Niu K, Ma L. Associations of the EAT-Lancet reference diet with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its severity: A multicohort study. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00986. [PMID: 39094016 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The EAT-Lancet Commission devised a globally sustainable dietary pattern to jointly promote human health and sustainability. However, the extent to which this diet supports metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has not yet been assessed. This study aimed to investigate the association between the EAT-Lancet diet and the risk of MASLD and its severity. APPROACH AND RESULTS This prospective multicohort study included 15,263 adults from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) cohort, 1137 adults from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) cohort, and 175,078 adults from the UK Biobank. In addition, 228 Chinese adults from the Prospective Epidemic Research Specifically of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (PERSONS) with biopsy-proven MASLD were included. An EAT-Lancet diet index was created to reflect adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet. The TCLSIH cohort recorded 3010 MASLD cases during 53,575 person-years of follow-up, the GNHS cohort documented 624 MASLD cases during 6454 person-years of follow-up, and the UK Biobank developed 1350 MASLD cases during 1,745,432 person-years of follow-up. In multivariable models, participants in the highest tertiles of the EAT-Lancet diet index had a lower risk of MASLD compared with those in the lowest tertiles (TCLSIH: HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.96; GNHS: HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.98; UK Biobank: HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.85). Moreover, liver-controlled attenuation parameter decreased with increasing the diet index in individuals with biopsy-proven MASLD (β = -5.895; 95% CI: -10.014, -1.775). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet was inversely associated with the risk of MASLD as well as its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunming Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Fen Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- School of Public Health of Tianjin, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Huo
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yan Borné
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- School of Public Health of Tianjin, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Yang L, Wang L, Bao E, Wang J, Zhu P. Causal association of dietary factors with five common cancers: univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization studies. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1428844. [PMID: 39135550 PMCID: PMC11317396 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1428844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Daily dietary habits are closely related to human health, and long-term unhealthy dietary intake, such as excessive consumption of alcohol and pickled foods, may promote the development of cancers. However, comprehensive research on the causal relationship between dietary habits and cancer is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the potential causal link between dietary risk factors and the prognosis of cancer-related to genetic susceptibility. Methods GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) summary data on dietary habits and five common types of cancer and their pathological subtypes were obtained from the UK Biobank and various cancer association consortia. A univariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (UVMR) and FDR correction analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationships between 45 dietary habits and five common types of cancer and their histopathological subtypes. In addition, multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis (MVMR) was performed to adjust for traditional risk factors for dietary habits, and the direct or indirect effects of diet on cancer were evaluated. Finally, the prognostic impact of selected instrumental variables on cancer was analyzed using an online data platform. Results In the UVMR analysis, four dietary habits were identified as risk factors for cancer, while five dietary habits were identified as protective factors. Among the latter, one dietary habit showed a significant association with cancer even after FDR correction, indicating a potential causal relationship. The MVMR analysis revealed that weekly beer and cider intake, may act as an independent risk factor for cancer development. Other causal associations between dietary habits and cancer risk may be mediated by intermediate factors. In the prognostic analysis, the SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) of average weekly beer and cider intake were set as independent risk factors and were found to significantly impact overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in lung cancer. Conclusion This causal relationship study supports the notion that adjusting daily dietary habits and specific dietary interventions may decrease the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Erhao Bao
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Xichong County, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Pingyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Klapp R, Laxamana JA, Shvetsov YB, Park SY, Kanehara R, Setiawan VW, Danquah I, Le Marchand L, Maskarinec G. The EAT-Lancet Diet Index Is Associated with Lower Obesity and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Multiethnic Cohort. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00389-4. [PMID: 39019161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EAT-Lancet Commission has developed dietary recommendations, named the EAT-Lancet diet, to promote healthy nutrition and sustainable food production worldwide. OBJECTIVES We developed an adapted score for the EAT-Lancet diet for participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study and its relation with incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS The MEC includes 5 ethnic groups followed since 1993-1996. Anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake were assessed by questionnaire at cohort entry (Qx1) and 10 y later (Qx3). To create the EAT-Lancet index (range: 0-48 points), a 3-point scoring system for 16 food groups standardized to 2500 kcal/d was applied. T2D cases were identified through repeated self-reports and administrative data. In a prospective design, obesity at Qx3 and T2D incidence were evaluated using Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) while adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Among 193,379 MEC participants, the overall mean of the EAT-Lancet index score was 25 ± 4 points and 46,140 new T2D cases were identified. Higher adjusted means were observed in females than males, in participants of Japanese American and Native Hawaiian ancestry, and in those with healthy weight than overweight or obese. Obesity was lower in cohort members with higher EAT-Lancet scores (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.79 for tertile 3 compared with 1). Although T2D incidence was 10% lower among participants in the highest (27-42 points) compared with the lowest (9-23 points) EAT-Lancet index tertile (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.92), the association was attenuated after BMI adjustment (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99). This inverse association with T2D was restricted to African American and European American participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is related to a lower risk of obesity, which may be partially responsible for the small reduction in T2D incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Klapp
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Julie Ann Laxamana
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yurii B Shvetsov
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Rieko Kanehara
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ina Danquah
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Gertraud Maskarinec
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.
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Lu X, Wu L, Shao L, Fan Y, Pei Y, Lu X, Borné Y, Ke C. Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and incident depression and anxiety. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5599. [PMID: 38961069 PMCID: PMC11222463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
High-quality diets have been increasingly acknowledged as a promising candidate to counter the growing prevalence of mental health disorders. This study aims to investigate the prospective associations of adhering to the EAT-Lancet reference diet with incident depression, anxiety and their co-occurrence in 180,446 UK Biobank participants. Degrees of adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet were translated into three different diet scores. Over 11.62 years of follow-up, participants in the highest adherence group of the Knuppel EAT-Lancet index showed lower risks of depression (hazard ratio: 0.806, 95% CI: 0.730-0.890), anxiety (0.818, 0.751-0.892) and their co-occurrence (0.756, 0.624-0.914), compared to the lowest adherence group. The corresponding hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.711 (0.627-0.806), 0.765 (0.687-0.852) and 0.659 (0.516-0.841) for the Stubbendorff EAT-Lancet index, and 0.844 (0.768-0.928), 0.825 (0.759-0.896) and 0.818 (0.682-0.981) for the Kesse-Guyot EAT-Lancet diet index. Our findings suggest that higher adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with lower risks of incident depression, anxiety and their co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yulong Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yalong Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Borné
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chaofu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Elliott PS, Devine LD, Gibney ER, O'Sullivan AM. What factors influence sustainable and healthy diet consumption? A review and synthesis of literature within the university setting and beyond. Nutr Res 2024; 126:23-45. [PMID: 38613922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Globally, typical dietary patterns are neither healthy nor sustainable. Recognizing the key role of dietary change in reducing noncommunicable disease risk and addressing environmental degradation, it is crucial to understand how to shift individuals toward a sustainable and healthy diet (SHD). In this literature review, we introduced the concept of a SHD and outlined the dietary behaviors necessary to transition toward SHD consumption; we reviewed the literature on factors that may influence sustainable (and unsustainable) dietary behaviors in adults; and we developed a novel scoring system to rank factors by priority for targeting in future research. Given the significant potential to promote a sustainable and healthy dietary transition on the university campus-where factors that may impact dietary behaviors can be targeted at all levels of influence (i.e., individual, interpersonal, environmental, policy)-we narrowed our focus to this setting throughout. Aided by our novel scoring system, we identified conscious habitual eating, product price, food availability/accessibility, product convenience, self-regulation skills, knowledge of animal ethics/welfare, food promotion, and eating norms as important modifiable factors that may influence university students' dietary behaviors. When scored without consideration for the university population, these factors were also ranked as highest priority, as was modified portion sizes. Our findings offer insight into factors that may warrant attention in future research aimed at promoting SHDs. In particular, the high-priority factors identified from our synthesis of the literature could help guide the development of more personalized dietary behavioral interventions within the university setting and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Elliott
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lauren D Devine
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aifric M O'Sullivan
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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9
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Montégut L, López-Otín C, Kroemer G. Aging and cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:106. [PMID: 38760832 PMCID: PMC11102267 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and cancer exhibit apparent links that we will examine in this review. The null hypothesis that aging and cancer coincide because both are driven by time, irrespective of the precise causes, can be confronted with the idea that aging and cancer share common mechanistic grounds that are referred to as 'hallmarks'. Indeed, several hallmarks of aging also contribute to carcinogenesis and tumor progression, but some of the molecular and cellular characteristics of aging may also reduce the probability of developing lethal cancer, perhaps explaining why very old age (> 90 years) is accompanied by a reduced incidence of neoplastic diseases. We will also discuss the possibility that the aging process itself causes cancer, meaning that the time-dependent degradation of cellular and supracellular functions that accompanies aging produces cancer as a byproduct or 'age-associated disease'. Conversely, cancer and its treatment may erode health and drive the aging process, as this has dramatically been documented for cancer survivors diagnosed during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. We conclude that aging and cancer are connected by common superior causes including endogenous and lifestyle factors, as well as by a bidirectional crosstalk, that together render old age not only a risk factor of cancer but also an important parameter that must be considered for therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Montégut
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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Stanton AV. Unacceptable use of substandard metrics in policy decisions which mandate large reductions in animal-source foods. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:10. [PMID: 38316809 PMCID: PMC10844368 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Many recent very influential reports, including those from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Risk Factor Collaborators, the EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet, Health, and the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change, have recommended dramatic reductions or total exclusion of animal-source foods, particularly ruminant products (red meat and dairy), from the human diet. They strongly suggest that these dietary shifts will not only benefit planetary health but also human health. However, as detailed in this perspective, there are grounds for considerable concern in regard to the quality and transparency of the input data, the validity of the assumptions, and the appropriateness of the statistical modelling, used in the calculation of the global health estimates, which underpin the claimed human health benefits. The lessor bioavailability of protein and key micronutrients from plant-source foods versus animal-source foods was not adequately recognised nor addressed in any of these reports. Furthermore, assessments of bias and certainty were either limited or absent. Despite many of these errors and limitations being publically acknowledged by the GBD and the EAT-Lancet authors, no corrections have been applied to the published papers. As a consequence, these reports continue to erroneously influence food policy decisions and international dietary guidelines, such as the World Wildlife Fund's Livewell Diet, and the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice V Stanton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
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Pitt S, Kałuża J, Widenfalk A, Åkesson A, Wolk A. Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet in relation to mortality and exposure to food contaminants in population-based cohorts of Swedish men and women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108495. [PMID: 38354461 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EAT-Lancet diet was created to support dietary transition towards sustainable diets. Current evidence indicates that adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet may reduce mortality risk, yet how adherence may impact dietary exposure to food contaminants remains unexplored. We aimed to estimate the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and i) all-cause, cardiovascular-, and cancer-mortality and ii) predicted dietary exposure to the following food contaminants: cadmium, methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and pesticide residues. METHODS We used self-reported dietary data from a 96-item food frequency questionnaire of two population-based cohorts - the Cohort of Swedish Men (n = 35,687) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort (n = 32,488). The EAT-Lancet Adherence Index (EAI) was created by scoring consumption of the 14 dietary components included in the EAT-Lancet diet (totalling 0-14 points). Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to assess the association between EAI and mortality outcomes, presented as multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Descriptive statistics were used to characterise predicted exposure to food contaminants, and the correlations between EAI and food contaminants assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS Increased adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (per 3-point increase in EAI: HR = 0.93; CI:0.90,0.97 and HR = 0.91; CI:0.87,0.95 for men and women, respectively) and cardiovascular-mortality (corresponding HR = 0.94; CI:0.88,1.00 and HR = 0.93; CI:0.87,1.00). No clear association was found with cancer-mortality. Increasing EAI was correlated with increased predicted dietary exposure to cadmium, methylmercury, PCBs, and pesticide residues and their median predicted dietary exposures were greater in the high adherence group, compared to the low adherence group. CONCLUSION High adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with a reduction in risk of all-cause and cardiovascular-mortality, but also increased dietary exposure to food contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pitt
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17 177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joanna Kałuża
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17 177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anneli Widenfalk
- Swedish Food Agency, Livsmedelsverket, Box 622, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
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