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Modrzejewska M, Zdanowska O. The Role of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases-Current Literature Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3851. [PMID: 38999417 PMCID: PMC11242833 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been attracting the attention of researchers for many years. HSPs are a family of ubiquitous, well-characterised proteins that are generally regarded as protective multifunctional molecules that are expressed in response to different types of cell stress. Their activity in many organs has been reported, including the heart, brain, and retina. By acting as chaperone proteins, HSPs help to refold denatured proteins. Moreover, HSPs elicit inhibitory activity in apoptotic pathways and inflammation. Heat shock proteins were originally classified into several subfamilies, including the HSP70 family. The aim of this paper is to systematise information from the available literature about the presence of HSP70 in the human eye and its role in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. HSP70 has been identified in the cornea, lens, and retina of a normal eye. The increased expression and synthesis of HSP70 induced by cell stress has also been demonstrated in eyes with pathologies such as glaucoma, eye cancers, cataracts, scarring of the cornea, ocular toxpoplasmosis, PEX, AMD, RPE, and diabetic retinopathy. Most of the studies cited in this paper confirm the protective role of HSP70. However, little is known about these molecules in the human eye and their role in the pathogenesis of eye diseases. Therefore, understanding the role of HSP70 in the pathophysiology of injuries to the cornea, lens, and retina is essential for the development of new therapies aimed at limiting and/or reversing the processes that cause damage to the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Modrzejewska
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Oliwia Zdanowska
- K. Marcinkowski University Hospital, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
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Liang YJ, Wang YY, Rong SS, Chen ZJ, Chen SY, Tham JA, Chan PP, Yam JC, Wiggs JL, Pang CP, Tham CC, Chen LJ. Genetic Associations of Primary Angle-Closure Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:437-444. [PMID: 38546604 PMCID: PMC10979365 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Importance Effects of genetic variants on primary angle-closure disease remained uncertain. Objective To systematically review the associations of common single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and rare coding variants with primary angle-closure disease, its subtypes (including primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary angle-closure suspect, and primary angle-closure) and progression. Data Sources Eligible studies from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were retrieved up to April 3, 2023. SNV information was extracted from eligible reports and 2 genome-wide association studies summary statistics, UK BioBank and FinnGen. Study Selection Studies providing analyzable genotype or allele data in a case-control design for primary angle-closure disease association and longitudinal case-only design for primary angle-closure disease progression. Data Extraction and Synthesis PRISMA guidelines were used for literature screening and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for data quality assessment. Pooled effect size with 95% CIs of SNV associations were calculated using fixed- or random-effect models according to I2 statistics. Main Outcomes and Measures SNVs reported in 2 or more studies were meta-analyzed to generate pooled odds ratios and P values. Common and rare coding variants from single reports were summarized. Results Sixty-nine citations were eligible for meta-analysis on overall primary angle-closure disease, involving 206 SNVs in 64 genes or loci. Seventeen SNVs in 15 genes or loci showed associations with primary angle-closure disease, and 15 SNVs in 13 genes or loci showed associations with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Two SNVs, ABCA1 rs2422493 and ZNRF3 rs3178915, were associated only with primary angle-closure disease. Two SNVs, PCMTD1-ST18 rs1015213 and COL11A1 rs3753841, were associated with primary angle-closure suspect, and 1 SNV, MMP9 rs3918249, was associated with primary angle-closure. This systematic review and meta-analysis newly confirmed 7 genes or loci associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma: ATOH7, CALCRL, FBN1, IL6, LOXL1, MMP19, and VAV3. Common and rare coding variants in 16 genes or loci that have been associated with primary angle-closure disease were cataloged. Stratification analysis revealed different primary angle-closure disease-associated genes in different ethnic populations. Only 1 study regarding the genetic association of primary angle-closure glaucoma progression was identified. Conclusions and Relevance This study revealed the genetic complexity of primary angle-closure disease, involving common SNVs and rare coding variants in more than 30 genes or loci, with ethnic and phenotypic diversities. Further replication, genotype-phenotype correlation, and pathway analyses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jing Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Yao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi Song Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhen Ji Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu Ying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jenson A. Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Poemen P. Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C. Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C. Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Pan L, Wu J, Wang N. Association of Gene Polymorphisms with Normal Tension Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:491. [PMID: 38674425 PMCID: PMC11050218 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is becoming a more and more serious problem, especially in Asia. But the pathological mechanisms are still not illustrated clearly. We carried out this research to uncover the gene polymorphisms with NTG. METHODS We searched in Web of Science, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane databases for qualified case-control studies investigating the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and NTG risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each SNP were estimated by fixed- or random-effect models. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to strengthen the reliability of the results. RESULTS Fifty-six studies involving 33 candidate SNPs in 14 genetic loci were verified to be eligible for our meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between 16 SNPs (rs166850 of OPA1; rs10451941 of OPA1; rs735860 of ELOVL5; rs678350 of HK2; c.603T>A/Met98Lys of OPTN; c.412G>A/Thr34Thr of OPTN; rs10759930 of TLR4; rs1927914 of TLR4; rs1927911 of TLR4; c.*70C>G of EDNRA; rs1042522/-Arg72Pro of P53; rs10483727 of SIX1-SIX6; rs33912345 of SIX1-SIX6; rs2033008 of NCK2; rs3213787 of SRBD1 and c.231G>A of EDNRA) with increased or decreased risk of NTG. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirmed 16 genetic polymorphisms in 10 genes (OPA1, ELOVL5, HK2, OPTN, TLR4, EDNRA, P53, NCK2, SRBD1 and SIX1-SIX6) were associated with NTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Pan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, No. 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
- Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, No. 2 Biotechnology Street, Hangkonggang District, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, No. 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China;
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4
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Kaushik M, Tiwari P, Dada T, Dada R. Beyond the optic nerve: Genetics, diagnosis, and promising therapies for glaucoma. Gene 2024; 894:147983. [PMID: 37952746 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma stands as a leading global cause of blindness, affecting millions. It entails optic nerve damage and vision loss, categorized into open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma with subtypes like POAG, ACG, XFG, PCG, PDG, and developmental glaucoma. The pathophysiological and genetic factors behind glaucoma remain partially understood, with past studies linking intraocular pressure (IOP) levels to retinal ganglion cell death. Open-angle glaucoma involves elevated resistance to aqueous outflow via the trabecular meshwork, while angle-closure glaucoma typically sees drainage pathways obstructed by the iris. Genes have been identified for POAG, ACG, XFG, PCG, PDG, and developmental glaucoma, allowing for early-onset detection and the emergence of gene therapy as an effective treatment. Nevertheless, diagnostic and treatment options have their constraints, necessitating large-scale, well-designed studies to deepen our grasp of genetics' role in glaucoma's pathogenesis. This review delves into glaucoma's risk factors, pathophysiology, genetics, diagnosis, and available treatment options, including gene therapy. Additionally, it suggests alternative therapies like yoga and meditation as adjunct treatments for glaucoma prevention. Overall, this review advances our comprehension of the pathophysiology and genetic associations of glaucoma while highlighting the potential of gene therapy as a treatment avenue. Further research is imperative to fully elucidate the genetic mechanisms underpinning glaucoma and to devise effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kaushik
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Prabhakar Tiwari
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Tanuj Dada
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
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Chacon-Camacho OF, Arce-Gonzalez R, Sanchez-de la Rosa F, Urióstegui-Rojas A, Hofmann-Blancas ME, Mata-Flores F, Zenteno JC. Genetic Aspects of Glaucoma: An Updated Review. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1231-1249. [PMID: 37272463 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230602143617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of diverse diseases characterized by cupping of the optic nerve head due to the loss of retinal ganglion cells. It is the most common cause of irreversible blindness throughout the world; therefore, its timely diagnosis and early detection through an ophthalmological examination are very important. We, herein, present the information on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of glaucoma. We also emphasize the investigations of the last decades that have allowed identifying numerous genes and susceptibility genetic factors. We have also described in detail the genes whose mutations cause or contribute to the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Francisco Chacon-Camacho
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio 5 Edificio A-4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocio Arce-Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Andrés Urióstegui-Rojas
- Department of Integral Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Felipe Mata-Flores
- Department of Glaucoma, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Zenteno
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yu X, Rong S. Genome-Wide Associations and Confirmatory Meta-Analyses in Diabetic Retinopathy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:653. [PMID: 36980925 PMCID: PMC10048213 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to summarize and validate the genomic association signals for diabetic retinopathy (DR), proliferative DR, and diabetic macular edema/diabetic maculopathy. A systematic search of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) catalog and PubMed/MELINE databases was conducted to curate a comprehensive list of significant GWAS discoveries. The top signals were then subjected to meta-analysis using established protocols. The results indicate the need for improved consensus among DR GWASs, highlighting the importance of validation efforts. A subsequent meta-analysis confirmed the association of two SNPs, rs4462262 (ZWINT-MRPS35P3) (odds ratio = 1.38, p = 0.001) and rs7903146 (TCF7L2) (odd ratio = 1.30, p < 0.001), with DR in independent populations, strengthening the evidence of their true association. We also compiled a list of candidate SNPs for further validation. This study highlights the importance of consistent validation and replication efforts in the field of DR genetics. The two identified gene loci warrant further functional investigation to understand their role in DR pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Yu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02445, USA
| | - Shisong Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02445, USA
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7
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Rong SS, Yu X. Phenotypic and Genetic Links between Body Fat Measurements and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3925. [PMID: 36835334 PMCID: PMC9958617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic and genetic links between body fat phenotypes and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant longitudinal epidemiological studies to evaluate the phenotypic link. To identify genetic links, we performed genetic correlation analysis and pleiotropy analysis of genome-wide association study summary statistics datasets of POAG, intraocular pressure (IOP), vertical cup-to-disc ratio, obesity, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio. In the meta-analysis, we first established that obese and underweight populations have a significantly higher risk of POAG using longitudinal data. We also discovered positive genetic correlations between POAG and BMI and obesity phenotypes. Finally, we identified over 20 genomic loci jointly associated with POAG/IOP and BMI. Among them, the genes loci CADM2, RP3-335N17.2, RP11-793K1.1, RPS17P5, and CASC20 showed the lowest false discovery rate. These findings support the connection between body fat phenotypes and POAG. The newly identified genomic loci and genes render further functional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Song Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xinting Yu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sun Y, Jin ZB, Wei S, Jia H, Cao K, Hu J, Lin C, An W, Guo J, Li H, Fu J, Li SM, Wang N. New loci for refractive errors and ocular biometric parameters in young Chinese Han adults. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2050-2061. [PMID: 35301706 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myopia has become a major public health issue with an increasing prevalence. There are still individuals who experience similar environmental risk factors and, yet, remain non-myopic. Thus, there might be genetic factors protecting people from myopia. Considering the opposite ocular characteristics of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) to myopia and possible common pathway between them, we propose that certain risk genes for PACG might act as a protective factor for myopia. In this study, 2,678 young adults were genotyped for 37 targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms. Compared with emmetropia, rs1401999 (allele C: OR=0.795, P=0.03; genotype in dominant model: OR=0.759, P=0.02) and rs1258267 (allele A: OR=0.824, P=0.03; genotype in dominant model: OR=0.603, P=0.01) were associated with low to moderate myopia and high myopia, respectively. Genotype under recessive model of rs11024102 was correlated with myopia (OR=1.456, P=0.01), low to moderate myopia (OR=1.443, P=0.02) and high myopia (OR=1.453, P=0.02). However, these associations did not survive Bonferroni correction. Moreover, rs1401999, rs1258267, and rs11024102 showed associations with certain ocular biometric parameters in different groups. Our study suggests that ABCC5, CHAT and PLEKHA7 might be associated with refractive errors by contributing to the regulation of ocular biometry, in terms of uncorrected results and their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Sun
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shifei Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenzai An
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiyuan Guo
- Anyang Eye Hospital, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - He Li
- Anyang Eye Hospital, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shi-Ming Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Kim MH, Lim SH. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Glaucoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101368. [PMID: 36291577 PMCID: PMC9599265 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that decompose extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. MMPs are thought to play important roles in cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, migration, apoptosis, and host defense. MMPs are distributed in almost all intraocular tissues and are involved in physiological and pathological mechanisms of the eye. MMPs are also associated with glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the eyes. MMP activity affects intraocular pressure control and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, which are the pathological mechanisms of glaucoma. It also affects the risk of glaucoma development based on genetic pleomorphism. In addition, MMPs may affect the treatment outcomes of glaucoma, including the success rate of surgical treatment and side effects on the ocular surface due to glaucoma medications. This review discusses the various relationships between MMP and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daegu Premier Eye Center, Suseong-ro 197, Suseong-Gu, Daegu 42153, Korea
| | - Su-Ho Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daegu Veterans Health Service Medical Center, 60 Wolgok-Ro, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42835, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-630-7572
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10
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Wang Z, Wiggs JL, Aung T, Khawaja AP, Khor CC. The genetic basis for adult onset glaucoma: Recent advances and future directions. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101066. [PMID: 35589495 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma, a diverse group of eye disorders that results in the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, is the world's leading cause of irreversible blindness. Apart from age and ancestry, the major risk factor for glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure (IOP). In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the anterior chamber angle is open but there is resistance to aqueous outflow. In primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), crowding of the anterior chamber angle due to anatomical alterations impede aqueous drainage through the angle. In exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma, deposition of white flaky material throughout the anterior chamber directly interfere with aqueous outflow. Observational studies have established that there is a strong hereditable component for glaucoma onset and progression. Indeed, a succession of genome wide association studies (GWAS) that were centered upon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have yielded more than a hundred genetic markers associated with glaucoma risk. However, a shortcoming of GWAS studies is the difficulty in identifying the actual effector genes responsible for disease pathogenesis. Building on the foundation laid by GWAS studies, research groups have recently begun to perform whole exome-sequencing to evaluate the contribution of protein-changing, coding sequence genetic variants to glaucoma risk. The adoption of this technology in both large population-based studies as well as family studies are revealing the presence of novel, protein-changing genetic variants that could enrich our understanding of the pathogenesis of glaucoma. This review will cover recent advances in the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma, which collectively make up the vast majority of all glaucoma cases in the world today. We will discuss how recent advances in research methodology have uncovered new risk genes, and how follow up biological investigations could be undertaken in order to define how the risk encoded by a genetic sequence variant comes into play in patients. We will also hypothesise how data arising from characterising these genetic variants could be utilized to predict glaucoma risk and the manner in which new therapeutic strategies might be informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxun Wang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tin Aung
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
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11
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Lin Y, Zhu X, Luo W, Jiang B, Lin Q, Tang M, Li X, Xie L. The Causal Association Between Obesity and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Genet 2022; 13:835524. [PMID: 35547256 PMCID: PMC9081767 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.835524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation between obesity and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has not yet been fully established. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between obesity and POAG by a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. In this study, body mass index (BMI), an index to evaluate general obesity, and waist and hip circumference, indices to evaluate abdominal obesity, were selected as exposures in MR analysis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen as instrumental variables (IVs). Summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) based on a European ancestry by Locke et al., with regard to BMI, and Shungin et al., with regard to waist and hip circumference, were used. Genetic predictors of POAG were obtained from public GWAS summary data. To assess the causal effect of obesity on POAG, the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary method, and other methods, such as MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, were also used as complementary analyses. Finally, we performed Cochran's Q statistic to assess heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability and stability of the MR results. MR analysis showed that BMI has a positive effect on the risk of POAG, with 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI; the risk of POAG increases by approximately 90.9% [OR = 1.909; 95% CI= (1.225, 2.975); p = 0.0042)] (analyzed by IVW); there were no heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the result; and waist circumference also had a positive effect on the risk of POAG [OR = 2.319; 95% CI= (1.071, 5.018); p = 0.033)] analyzed by weighted median. As hip circumference increases, with 1 SD increase in hip circumference, the risk of POAG increases by approximately 119% [OR = 2.199; 95% CI= (1.306, 3.703); p = 0.00305)] estimated by IVW, there were not heterogeneity and pleiotropy as for the result. Our study for the first time confirms that obesity might increase the risk of POAG using two-sample MR analysis. These results might provide guidance on the prevention and treatment of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wangdu Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingcai Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianyi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangji Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kondkar AA. Updates on Genes and Genetic Mechanisms Implicated in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:89-112. [PMID: 33727852 PMCID: PMC7955727 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s274884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is estimated to affect over 30 million people worldwide by 2040 and is highly prevalent in the Asian population. PACG is more severe and carries three times the higher risk of blindness than primary open-angle glaucoma, thus representing a significant public health concern. High heritability and ethnic-specific predisposition to PACG suggest the involvement of genetic factors in disease development. In the recent past, genetic studies have led to the successful identification of several genes and loci associated with PACG across different ethnicities. The precise cellular and molecular roles of these multiple loci in the development and progression of PACG remains to be elucidated. Nonetheless, these studies have significantly increased our understanding of the emerging cellular processes and biological pathways that might provide more significant insights into the disease’s genetic etiology and may be valuable for future clinical applications. This review aims to summarize and update the current knowledge of PACG genetics analysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shi H, Chen Y, Lu H, Zhu R, Zhang J, He M, Guan H. In-depth analysis of eight susceptibility loci of primary angle closure glaucoma in Han Chinese. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108350. [PMID: 33227294 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposition. Primary angle closure (PAC) is the early stage of PACG and they share the same anatomical characteristics. We aimed to examine whether the PACG associated-genetic loci identified previously by genome-wide association study (GWAS) were also related to primary angle closure disease (PACD) in Han Chinese. This cross-sectional case-control study consisted of 232 PAC, 264 PACG and 306 controls. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PACG susceptibility loci within PLEKHA7, COL11A1, PCMTD1-ST18, EPDR1, CHAT, GLIS3, FERMT2, DPM2-FAM102A were genotyped using participants' blood samples. We excluded 3 SNPs for PAC analysis because the data has been reported using the same sample set. Anatomical parameters such as axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT) were included as phenotypes for the association analysis. Allelic and genotypic model tests were performed. Three among the eight SNPs were found to be significantly associated with PACG, e.g. PLEKHA7 rs11024102 in additive, dominant and recessive model; and both CHAT rs1258267 and DPM2-FAM102A rs3739821 in dominant model. CHAT rs1258267 showed marginal association with PAC in dominant model. Anatomical parameters were not found to link to the eight SNPs after Bonferroni multiple test correction. Our data suggest that PLEKHA7 and DPM2-FAM102A might exert effect in the late stage of the PACD, while CHAT may play a broad role in both early and late stages of the PACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Shi
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Yunxia Chen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Mengxuan He
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Yousefian A, Shokoohi-Rad S, Abbaszadegan MR, Rad DM, Zargari S, Milanizadeh S, Morovatdar N, Daneshvar R. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma-associated Genetic Polymorphisms in Northeast Iran. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020; 15:45-52. [PMID: 32095208 PMCID: PMC7001019 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v15i1.5942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the association of five different polymorphisms from a genome-wide-associated study with susceptibility to glaucoma in the northeast Iranian population. Methods Hundred and thirty patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and 130 healthy controls were genotyped for the polymorphic regions with the aid of tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. The association of these variants with the disease susceptibility was measured statistically with the logistic regression method. Results Hundred and thirty patients with PACG (53 males, 77 females) with a mean age of 64.5 ± 6.2 years and 130 healthy control subjects (51 males, 79 females) with a mean age of 64.0 ± 5.7 years were selected for evaluation. There was a significant association between rs3816415 (P = 0.005), rs736893 (P< 0.001), rs7494379 (P< 0.001), and rs1258267 (P = 0.02) with PACG susceptibility. This association could not be shown for rs3739821. Conclusion It was revealed that studied variants in GLIS3, EPDR1, FERMT2, and CHAT genes can contribute to the incidence of PACG. Additional studies in other populations are needed to evaluate DPM2-FAM102A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yousefian
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Shokoohi-Rad
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Dorsa Morshedi Rad
- Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Selma Zargari
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Milanizadeh
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Morovatdar
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Daneshvar
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xie L, Mao M, Wang C, Zhang L, Pan Z, Shi J, Duan X, Jia S, Jiang B. Potential Biomarkers for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Identified by Long Noncoding RNA Profiling in the Aqueous Humor. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:739-752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Association of the SIX6 locus with primary open angle glaucoma in southern Chinese and Japanese. Exp Eye Res 2018; 180:129-136. [PMID: 30586556 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association profiles of the SIX6 locus with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in southern Chinese and Japanese. In this study, we tested single marker and haplotype-based associations of 11 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the SIX6 locus with POAG in a Hong Kong Chinese cohort (N = 1402). A novel SNP (i.e., rs12436579) and two SNPs (i.e., rs33912345 and rs10483727) from previous genome-wide association studies were further tested in a Chinese cohort from Shantou (N = 888) and a Japanese cohort from Osaka (N = 463). Results from the three cohorts were meta-analysed using a random-effect model. We found rs12436579, which has not been previously reported, was associated with POAG in Hong Kong and Shantou Chinese (Pcombined = 4.3 × 10-5, OR = 0.72, I2 = 0). Additionally, we replicated the association of one known SNP, rs33912345 (Pcombined = 0.0061, OR = 0.69, I2 = 45%), with POAG in the Chinese cohorts but not in the Japanese cohort (P > 0.6). Another known SNP, rs10483727, was nominally associated with POAG in the two Chinese cohorts (Pcombined = 0.017, OR = 0.70, I2 = 53%). All these three SNPs were significantly associated with POAG when the three cohorts were combined in meta-analysis (Pcombined<0.005). Furthermore, two haplotypes, C-C (Pcombined = 1.13 × 10-5, OR = 1.41, I2 = 0) and A-A (Pcombined = 0.045, OR = 0.68, I2 = 70%), defined by rs33912345-rs12436579 were associated with POAG in Chinese but not in Japanese. In conclusion, this study confirmed the association between two GWAS SNPs in SIX6 (rs33912345 and rs10483727) and POAG. Also, a SNP, rs12436579, not associated with POAG before, was found to be associated with POAG in Chinese. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of this novel SNP in POAG.
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Association of Genes implicated in primary angle-closure Glaucoma and the ocular biometric parameters of anterior chamber depth and axial length in a northern Chinese population. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:271. [PMID: 30348125 PMCID: PMC6198425 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The membrane frizzled-related protein (MFRP) gene is involved in axial length (AL) regulation and MFRP mutations cause nanophthalmos; also, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene is reported to result in morphologic changes of the anterior segment and abnormal aqueous regulation that increases the risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), while the zinc ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) gene is associated with AL. The present study investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ZNRF3, HGF and MFRP with PACG in a northern Chinese population, as well as the association of these SNPs with the ocular biometric parameters of anterior chamber depth (ACD) and AL. Methods A total of 500 PACG patients and 720 controls were recruited. All individuals were genotyped for 12 SNPs in three genes (rs7290117, rs2179129, rs4823006 and rs3178915 in ZNRF3; rs5745718, rs12536657, rs12540393, rs17427817 and rs3735520 in HGF, rs2510143, rs36015759 and rs3814762 in MFRP) using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique. Genotypic distribution was analyzed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Differences in the allelic and genotypic frequencies were evaluated and adjusted by age and sex. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns were tested and haplotype analysis was conducted by a logistic regression model. Generalized estimation equation (GEE) analysis was conducted using SPSS for primary association testing between genotypes and ocular biometric parameters. Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons were performed, and the statistical power was calculated by power and sample size calculations. Results The rs7290117 SNP in ZNRF3 was significantly associated with the AL, with a p-value of 0.002. We did not observe any significant associations between the SNPs and PACG or ACD. In a stratification analysis by ethnicity, rs12540393 and rs17427817 in HGF showed a nominal association with PACG in the Hui cohort, although significance was lost after correction. Conclusions The present study suggests rs7290117 in ZNRF3 may be involved in the regulation of AL, though our results do not support a contribution of the SNPs we tested in ZNRF3, HGF and MFRP to PACG in northern Chinese people. Further studies in a larger population are warranted to confirm this conclusion.
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Wareham LK, Dordea AC, Schleifer G, Yao V, Batten A, Fei F, Mertz J, Gregory-Ksander M, Pasquale LR, Buys ES, Sappington RM. Increased bioavailability of cyclic guanylate monophosphate prevents retinal ganglion cell degeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 121:65-75. [PMID: 30213732 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nitric oxide - guanylyl cyclase-1 - cyclic guanylate monophosphate (NO-GC-1-cGMP) pathway has emerged as a potential pathogenic mechanism for glaucoma, a common intraocular pressure (IOP)-related optic neuropathy characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons in the optic nerve. NO activates GC-1 to increase cGMP levels, which are lowered by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. This pathway appears to play a role in both the regulation of IOP, where reduced cGMP levels in mice leads to elevated IOP and subsequent RGC degeneration. Here, we investigated whether potentiation of cGMP signaling could protect RGCs from glaucomatous degeneration. We administered the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil orally (10 mg/kg/day) in murine models of two forms of glaucoma - primary open angle glaucoma (POAG; GC-1-/- mice) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG; Microbead Occlusion Model) - and measured RGC viability at both the soma and axon level. To determine the direct effect of increased cGMP on RGCs in vitro, we treated axotomized whole retina and primary RGC cultures with the cGMP analogue 8-Br-cGMP. Tadalafil treatment increased plasma cGMP levels in both models, but did not alter IOP or mean arterial pressure. Nonetheless, tadalafil treatment prevented degeneration of RGC soma and axons in both disease models. Treatment of whole, axotomized retina and primary RGC cultures with 8-Br-cGMP markedly attenuated both necrotic and apoptotic cell death pathways in RGCs. Our findings suggest that enhancement of the NO-GC-1-cGMP pathway protects the RGC body and axon in murine models of POAG and PACG, and that enhanced signaling through this pathway may serve as a novel glaucoma treatment, acting independently of IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Wareham
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Ana C Dordea
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grigorij Schleifer
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Yao
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Annabelle Batten
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Fei
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Joseph Mertz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Meredith Gregory-Ksander
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United Sates
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Buys
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Sappington
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients constitute a heterogenous group. Identification of phenotypic subtypes among these patients may provide a deeper understanding of the disease and aid associations with genotypes. We describe a phenotype of POAG patients associated with a constellation of systemic disorders; patients with this phenotype seem to be vulnerable to optic nerve damage at low intraocular pressures. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, we evaluated the medical records of active Jules Stein Eye Institute glaucoma patients from January 1996 to 2017 and included subjects with POAG, acquired pits of the optic nerve (APON), and at least one of the following: systolic blood pressure persistently ≤100 mm Hg, history of migraine headaches or migraine variant, and the Raynaud syndrome. RESULTS Of 87 patients (125 eyes) with APON, 37 patients (55 eyes) met the study criteria. In total, 34 patients were female (92%). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 55 years. Nineteen patients (73%) had low systolic blood pressures, same number had Raynaud syndrome, and 25 (68%) had a history of migraine. CONCLUSIONS We describe a POAG subtype with APON and systemic vascular instability, predominantly female in their sixth decade of life who demonstrate progressive glaucomatous visual field damage at low intraocular pressure. We suggest that this clinical picture represents an important phenotype of POAG, and that identification and further study of it will help guide diagnosis and development of individualized treatments.
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Saffren BD, Capasso JE, Zanolli M, Levin AV. Ocular manifestations of Emanuel syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1964-1967. [PMID: 30178914 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Emanuel syndrome is caused by a supernumerary der(22)t(11;22) and typically manifests with intellectual disability and craniofacial dysmorphism. Ocular abnormalities have infrequently been described. We report a 36-year-old man with severe intellectual disability, aphasia, and facial dysmorphism, with high myopia and juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG). Microarray analysis results included 47,XY,+der(22)t(11;22)(q23;q11.2), and a 269 kb deletion of 7q31.33(125,898,014-126,166,829). Two candidate genes were identified as possible etiologies for the ocular pathologies in our patient: a MFRP duplication on chromosome 11, which may play a role in high myopia and dysregulation of emmetropization, and a GRM8 deletion on chromosome 7, which may cause glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and therefore have a role in the development of JOAG, unrelated to the Emanuel syndrome genotype. We provide the first detailed description these ocular abnormalities in a patient with Emmanuel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D Saffren
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Alex V Levin
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sydney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Thakur N, Kupani M, Pandey RK, Mannan R, Pruthi A, Mehrotra S. Genetic association of -1562C>T polymorphism in the MMP9 gene with primary glaucoma in a north Indian population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192636. [PMID: 29432439 PMCID: PMC5809065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MMP (Matrix metalloproteinase) 9 is reported to affect glaucoma pathogenesis by altering intraocular pressure (IOP) through its role in remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the trabecular meshwork. A genetic variant at the promoter region in the MMP9 gene (-1562C>T) has a putative role in regulating its transcription rate and hence can affect genetic predisposition to primary glaucoma. The present study examined the association of -1562C>T promoter polymorphism in the MMP9 gene with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) in a north Indian population. A total of 729 subjects (POAG = 224, PACG = 138 and 367 controls) were recruited for the study. Genotyping for the promoter sequence variant was done with PCR-RFLP method. Genotypic and allelic frequency distribution of the POAG and PACG data sets were compared to that of controls by chi-square test and genetic association was tested under different genetic models as implemented under PLINK. Statistically significant difference was observed in the genotype frequencies between PACG cases and controls (p = 0.030). However, in the POAG cases, this difference was only borderline (p = 0.052). Genetic model analysis, under the dominant model revealed 1.6 and 1.4 fold increased susceptibility to PACG and POAG (p = 0.012, p = 0.032) respectively. A higher frequency of CT genotype was observed in PACG as well as POAG males as compared to female subjects. According to the dominant model, CT+TT genotype conferred 1.8 fold higher risk of developing PACG among male patients as compared to the control group (p = 0.048, OR = 1.87;1.00–3.50). Current findings suggest significant association of MMP9 -1562C>T polymorphism with primary glaucoma in the targeted north Indian population and warrant further replication of the findings in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanamika Thakur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manu Kupani
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Pandey
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rashim Mannan
- Baba Deep Singh Charitable Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Archna Pruthi
- Baba Deep Singh Charitable Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjana Mehrotra
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- * E-mail:
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Rong SS, Ma STU, Yu XT, Ma L, Chu WK, Chan TCY, Wang YM, Young AL, Pang CP, Jhanji V, Chen LJ. Genetic associations for keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4620. [PMID: 28676647 PMCID: PMC5496893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic associations for keratoconus could be useful for understanding disease pathogenesis and discovering biomarkers for early detection of the disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize all reported genetic associations for the disease. We searched in the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and HuGENET databases for genetic studies of keratoconus published from 1950 to June 2016. The summary odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals of all polymorphisms were estimated using the random-effect model. Among 639 reports that were retrieved, 24 fulfilled required criteria as eligible studies for meta-analysis, involving a total of 53 polymorphisms in 28 genes/loci. Results of our meta-analysis lead to the prioritization of 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 genes/loci for keratoconus in Whites. Of them 5 genes/loci were originally detected in genome-wide association studies, including FOXO1 (rs2721051, P = 5.6 × 10-11), RXRA-COL5A1 (rs1536482, P = 2.5 × 10-9), FNDC3B (rs4894535, P = 1.4 × 10-8), IMMP2L (rs757219, P = 6.1 × 10-7; rs214884, P = 2.3 × 10-5), and BANP-ZNF469 (rs9938149, P = 1.3 × 10-5). The gene COL4A4 (rs2229813, P = 1.3 × 10-12; rs2228557, P = 4.5 × 10-7) was identified in previous candidate gene studies. We also found SNPs in 10 genes/loci that had a summary P value < 0.05. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust. Replication studies and understanding the roles of these genes in keratoconus are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Song Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Tsz Ue Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Ting Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tommy Chung Yan Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
- UPMC Eye Centre, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Liu K, He W, Zhao J, Zeng Y, Cheng H. Association of WDR36 polymorphisms with primary open angle glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7291. [PMID: 28658128 PMCID: PMC5500050 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of the WDR36 gene with glaucoma has been controversial in the literature. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association of all reported common polymorphisms in WDR36 with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and its subtypes: high tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS Publications in PUBMED and EMBASE databases up to March 9, 2016 were searched for case-control association studies of WDR36 with POAG, HTG, and/or NTG. Reported studies giving adequate genotype and/or allele information were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of individual polymorphisms were estimated using the allelic model. RESULTS Our literature search yielded 122 records, among which 5 studies were eligible for meta-analysis, involving a total of 1352 POAG patients and 894 controls. Five WDR36 polymorphisms were meta-analyzed, rs11241095, rs10038177, rs17553936, rs13186912, and rs13153937. However, none of them was significantly associated with POAG, HTG, or NTG. The most-investigated polymorphisms, rs11241095 and rs10038177, had a pooled-OR of 1.09 (95% CI: 0.94-1.28, P = .25, I = 0) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.71-1.39, P = .97, I = 77%), respectively, for POAG. CONCLUSION The existing data in the literature do not support a significant role of WDR36 in the genetic susceptibility of POAG or its subtypes. Further replication studies in specific populations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Sun X, Dai Y, Chen Y, Yu DY, Cringle SJ, Chen J, Kong X, Wang X, Jiang C. Primary angle closure glaucoma: What we know and what we don’t know. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 57:26-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Chen X, Chen Y, Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR, Sun X, Fan BJ. Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) Variants with Primary Angle Closure and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157093. [PMID: 27272641 PMCID: PMC4896618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shorter axial length observed in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) might be due to altered matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) activity resulting in ECM remodeling during eye growth and development. This study aimed to evaluate common variants in MMP9 for association with PACG. Six tag SNPs of MMP9 were genotyped in a Chinese sample of 1,030 cases, including 572 PACG and 458 primary angle closure (PAC), and 499 controls. None of 6 SNPs were significantly associated with overall PAC/PACG (P > 0.07) or with PAC/PACG subgroups (Pc > 0.18). Meta-analysis of two non-Chinese studies revealed significant association between rs17576 and PACG (ORs = 0.56, P < 0.0001); however, meta-analysis of our dataset with 4 Chinese datasets did not replicate this association (ORs = 1.23, P = 0.29). Prior significant association for rs3918249 in one Caucasian study (OR = 0.63, P = 0.006) was not replicated in meta-analysis of 3 Chinese studies including this study (ORs = 0.91, P = 0.13). Significant heterogeneity between non-Chinese and Chinese datasets precluded overall meta-analysis for rs17576 and rs3918249 (Q = 0.001 and 0.04 respectively). rs17577 was nominally associated with PACG in one Caucasian study (OR = 1.71, P = 0.02), but not in 3 Chinese studies including our study (ORs = 1.20, P = 0.07). Overall meta-analysis revealed nominal association for rs17577 and PAC/PACG (ORs = 1.26, Pc = 0.05). Meta-analysis did not show significant association between the other SNPs and PAC/PACG (P > 0.47). The largest association study to date did not find significant association between MMP9 and PAC/PACG in Chinese; meta-analysis with other Chinese datasets did not produce significant association. In most instances combination with non-Chinese datasets was not possible except for one variant showing nominally significant association. More work is needed to define the role of MMP9 variants in PACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Eye & Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Eye & Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Eye & Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (BJF); (XS)
| | - Bao Jian Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BJF); (XS)
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