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Gintoni I, Vassiliou S, Chrousos GP, Yapijakis C. Identification of Stage-Specific microRNAs that Govern the Early Stages of Sequential Oral Oncogenesis by Strategically Bridging Human Genetics with Epigenetics and Utilizing an Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7642. [PMID: 39062890 PMCID: PMC11277563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly prevalent and aggressive malignancy, with mortality rates reaching 60%, mainly due to its excessive diagnostic delay. MiRNAs, a class of crucial epigenetic gene-expression regulators, have emerged as potential diagnostic biomarkers, with >200 molecules exhibiting expressional dysregulation in OSCC. We had previously established an in silico methodology for the identification of the most disease-specific molecules by bridging genetics and epigenetics. Here, we identified the stage-specific miRNAs that govern the asymptomatic early stages of oral tumorigenesis by exploiting seed-matching and the reverse interplay between miRNA levels and their target genes' expression. Incorporating gene-expression data from our group's experimental hamster model of sequential oral oncogenesis, we bioinformatically detected the miRNAs that simultaneously target/regulate >75% of the genes that are characteristically upregulated or downregulated in the consecutive stages of hyperplasia, dysplasia, and early invasion, while exhibiting the opposite expressional dysregulation in OSCC-derived tissue and/or saliva specimens. We found that all stages share the downregulation of miR-34a-5p, miR124-3p, and miR-125b-5p, while miR-1-3p is under-expressed in dysplasia and early invasion. The malignant early-invasion stage is distinguished by the downregulation of miR-147a and the overexpression of miR-155-5p, miR-423-3p, and miR-34a-5p. The identification of stage-specific miRNAs may facilitate their utilization as biomarkers for presymptomatic OSCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iphigenia Gintoni
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Vairaktari G, Schramm A, Vairaktari E, Derka S, Sakkas A, Lefantzis N, Diamantopoulou S, Vylliotis A, Lazaris A, Ebeling M, Vassiliou S. FGFR2 and NOTCH1 Expression Inversely Correlated in Progressive Cutaneous Carcinogenesis in an Experimental Mouse Model. J Pers Med 2024; 14:729. [PMID: 39063983 PMCID: PMC11277703 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common and increasingly prevalent form of skin cancer, posing significant health challenges. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in cSCC progression is crucial for developing effective treatments. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the activation of NOTCH1 and FGFR2 oncogenes in inducing skin cancer in FVB/N mice through a stepwise chemical process. Forty female FVB/N mice, aged four weeks, were randomly divided into a control group (n = 8) and two experimental groups (group A: n = 16, group B: n = 16). This study involved subjecting the groups to a two-stage carcinogenesis procedure. This included an initial application of 97.4 nmol DMBA on shaved skin on their backs, followed by applications of 32.4 nmol TPA after thirteen weeks for group A and after twenty weeks for group B. The control group did not receive any treatment. Their skin conditions were monitored weekly to detect tumor development. After the experiment, the animals were euthanized for further tissue sampling. The examination of skin lesions in the experimental groups showed a correlation with tumor progression, ranging from dysplasia to carcinoma. Tumor samples were assessed both histologically and immunohistochemically. Notably, FGFR2 expression was higher in benign, precancerous, and malignant tumors compared to normal tissue. NOTCH1 expression was only elevated in benign tumors compared to normal tissue. This study demonstrates a clear correlation of FGFR2 expression and the progression of cutaneous neoplasms, while NOTCH 1 expression is inversely correlated in FVB/N mice. This suggests an early involvement of these oncogenes in the development of skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Vairaktari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Efstathia Vairaktari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Derka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Sakkas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Lefantzis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Diamantopoulou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Vylliotis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Diagnostic and Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, BiocLab, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Lazaris
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Marcel Ebeling
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Jadhav PA, Hole A, Ingle A, Govekar R, Noothalapati H, Krishna CM. Serum Raman spectroscopy: Evaluation of tumour load variations in experimental carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300424. [PMID: 38229194 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Several serum Raman spectroscopy (RS) studies have demonstrated its potential as an oral cancer screening tool. This study investigates influence of low tumour load (LTL) and high tumour load (HTL) on serum RS using hamster buccal pouch model of experimental oral carcinogenesis. Sera of untreated control, LTL, and HTL groups at week intervals during malignant transformation were employed. Serum Raman spectra were subjected to multivariate analyses-principal component analysis, principal component-based linear discriminant analysis (for stratification of study groups), and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) (to comprehend biomolecular differences). Multivariate analysis revealed misclassifications between LTL and HTL at all week intervals. MCR-ALS components showed statistically significant abundances between control versus LTL and control versus HTL, but could not discern LTL and HTL. MCR-ALS components exhibited spectral mixtures of proteins, lipids, heme and nucleic acids. Thus, these findings support use of serum RS as a screening tool as varying tumour load is not a confounding factor influencing the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka A Jadhav
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Arti Hole
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind Ingle
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Rukmini Govekar
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemanth Noothalapati
- Raman Project Centre for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - C Murali Krishna
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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Diamantopoulou S, Yapijakis C, Papakosta V, Ebeling M, Lazaris AC, Derka S, Vylliotis A, Diamantopoulos P, Vairaktari G, Vassiliou S. EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes expression in an experimental model of two-stage chemically induced carcinogenesis in mouse skin. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2024; 52:413-419. [PMID: 38443188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes using an experimental two stage chemically induced carcinogenesis protocol on the dorsal skin in FVB/N mice. Forty female FVB/N mice 4 weeks old, were grouped into one control (n = 8) and two experimental groups (Group A: n = 16, Group B: n = 16) following a randomization process. Two-stage carcinogenesis protocol, was implicated, including an initial treatment with 97.4 nmol DMBA on their shaved dorsal skin and subsequent treatments of 32.4 nmol TPA applications after 13 weeks for Group A and after 20 weeks for Group B. The control group C, received no treatment. Skin was examined weekly for tumor development. Post-experiment, animals were euthanized for tissue analysis. The histological status of the skin lesions in the experimental groups corresponded well with tumour advancement (from dysplasia to poorly-differentiated carcinoma). Tumour sections were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. EGFR expression was found significantly higher in precancerous and malignant tumours (p = 042 and p = 008 respectively), while tended to be higher in benign tumours (p = 079), compared to normal histology. Moreover, mean percentage of EGFR positive expression in malignant tumours was significantly higher than in benign tumours (p < 001). HER-2 expression was found significantly higher in precancerous and malignant tumours (p = 042 and p = 015 respectively), while tended to be higher in benign tumours (p = 085), compared to normal histology. Furthermore, mean percentage of HER-2 positive expression in malignant tumours was significantly higher than in benign tumours (p = 005). The study demonstrated that in FVB/N mice subjected to a two-stage chemically induced carcinogenesis protocol, there was a significant increase in the expression of EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes in precancerous and malignant skin lesions compared to normal tissue. This suggests a potentially early role of these oncogenes in the progression of skin tumours in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Diamantopoulou
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Veronica Papakosta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marcel Ebeling
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Derka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Vylliotis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Diagnostic and Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, BiocLab, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Diamantopoulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Savvas Anticancer- Oncologic Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vairaktari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fu Q, Zhang F, Vijayalakshmi A. The Protective Effect of Sanggenol L Against DMBA-induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Proliferative Signalling Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:885-893. [PMID: 37496247 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230726140706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a poor prognosis when treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Therefore, a new therapy and preventative strategy for OSCC and its underlying mechanisms are desperately needed. The purpose of this study was to examine the chemopreventive effects of sanggenol L on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The research focused on molecular signalling pathways in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. AIM The purpose of this study was to look at the biochemical and chemopreventive effects of sanggenol L on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced HBP (hamster buccal pouch) carcinogenesis via cell proliferation and the apoptotic pathway. METHODS After developing squamous cell carcinoma, oral tumours continued to progress leftward into the pouch 3 times per week for 10 weeks while being exposed to 0.5 % reactive DMBA three times per week. Tumour growth was caused by biochemical abnormalities that induced inflammation, increased cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis. RESULTS Oral sanggenol L (10 mg/kg bw) supplementation with cancer-induced model DMBApainted hamsters prevented tumour occurrences, improved biochemistry, inhibited inflammatory markers, decreased cell proliferation marker expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), nuclear factor (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Sanggenol L could be developed into a new medicine for the treatment of oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fu
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Qijiang District, Chongqing, 401420, China
| | - Fangming Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth People's Hospital Of Wuxi, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Annamalai Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rabiammal Ahamed Maideen College for Women, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610001, India
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Elbanna SA, Ebada HMK, Abdallah OY, Essawy MM, Abdelhamid HM, Barakat HS. Novel tetrahydrocurcumin integrated mucoadhesive nanocomposite κ-carrageenan/xanthan gum sponges: a strategy for effective local treatment of oral cancerous and precancerous lesions. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2254530. [PMID: 37668361 PMCID: PMC10481765 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2254530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Oral precancerous lesions (OPL) are the precursors of oral cancer, with varying degrees of progression. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of curcumin with superior anticancer properties against various types of cancer. However, THC's clinical outcome is limited by its poor aqueous solubility. Herein, we developed novel mucoadhesive biopolymer-based composite sponges for buccal delivery of THC, exploiting nanotechnology and mucoadhesion for efficient prevention and treatment of oral cancer. Firstly, THC-nanocrystals (THC-NC) were formulated and characterized for subsequent loading into mucoadhesive composite sponges. The anticancer activity of THC-NC was assessed on a human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line (SCC-4). Finally, the chemopreventive activity of THC-NC loaded sponges (THC-NC-S) was examined in DMBA-induced hamster OPL. The selected THC-NC exhibited a particle size of 532.68 ± 13.20 nm and a zeta potential of -46.08 ± 1.12 mV. Moreover, THC-NC enhanced the anticancer effect against SCC-4 with an IC50 value of 80 µg/mL. THC-NC-S exhibited good mucoadhesion properties (0.24 ± 0.02 N) with sustained drug release, where 90% of THC was released over 4 days. Furthermore, THC-NC-S had a magnificent potential for maintaining high chemopreventive activity, as demonstrated by significant regression in the dysplasia degree and a decline in cyclin D1 (control: 40.4 ± 12.5, THC-NC-S: 12.07 ± 5.2), culminating in significant amelioration after 25 days of treatment. Conclusively, novel THC-NC-S represent a promising platform for local therapy of OPL, preventing their malignant transformation into cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. Elbanna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba M. K. Ebada
- Central Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Essawy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hend M. Abdelhamid
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah S. Barakat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Gintoni I, Vassiliou S, Chrousos GP, Yapijakis C. Review of Disease-Specific microRNAs by Strategically Bridging Genetics and Epigenetics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1578. [PMID: 37628629 PMCID: PMC10454361 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent human malignancies and a global health concern with a poor prognosis despite some therapeutic advances, highlighting the need for a better understanding of its molecular etiology. The genomic landscape of OSCC is well-established and recent research has focused on miRNAs, which regulate gene expression and may be useful non-invasive biomarkers or therapeutic targets. A plethora of findings regarding miRNA expression have been generated, posing challenges for the interpretation and identification of disease-specific molecules. Hence, we opted to identify the most important regulatory miRNAs by bridging genetics and epigenetics, focusing on the key genes implicated in OSCC development. Based on published reports, we have developed custom panels of fifteen major oncogenes and five major tumor suppressor genes. Following a miRNA/target gene interaction analysis and a comprehensive study of the literature, we selected the miRNA molecules which target the majority of these panels that have been reported to be downregulated or upregulated in OSCC, respectively. As a result, miR-34a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-1-3p, and miR-16-5p appeared to be the most OSCC-specific. Their expression patterns, verified targets, and the signaling pathways affected by their dysregulation in OSCC are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iphigenia Gintoni
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
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Jia Y, Wang Y, Dunmall LSC, Lemoine NR, Wang P, Wang Y. Syrian hamster as an ideal animal model for evaluation of cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126969. [PMID: 36923404 PMCID: PMC10008950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) has emerged as an exciting new pillar of cancer treatment. Although benefits have been achieved in individual patients, the overall response rate is still not satisfactory. To address this, an ideal preclinical animal model for evaluating CIT is urgently needed. Syrian hamsters present similar features to humans with regard to their anatomy, physiology, and pathology. Notably, the histological features and pathological progression of tumors and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment are equivalent to the human scenario. This article reviews the current tumor models in Syrian hamster and the latest progress in their application to development of tumor treatments including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses. This progress strongly advocates Syrian hamster as an ideal animal model for development and assessment of CIT for human cancer treatments. Additionally, the challenges of the Syrian hamster as an animal model for CIT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Prognostic implications of FGFR3high/Ki-67high in oral squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, MEDICINE, AND PATHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Wang Z, Cormier RT. Golden Syrian Hamster Models for Cancer Research. Cells 2022; 11:2395. [PMID: 35954238 PMCID: PMC9368453 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) has long been a valuable rodent model of human diseases, especially infectious and metabolic diseases. Hamsters have also been valuable models of several chemically induced cancers such as the DMBA-induced oral cheek pouch cancer model. Recently, with the application of CRISPR/Cas9 genetic engineering technology, hamsters can now be gene targeted as readily as mouse models. This review describes the phenotypes of three gene-targeted knockout (KO) hamster cancer models, TP53, KCNQ1, and IL2RG. Notably, these hamster models demonstrate cancer phenotypes not observed in mouse KOs. In some cases, the cancers that arise in the KO hamster are similar to cancers that arise in humans, in contrast with KO mice that do not develop the cancers. An example is the development of aggressive acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in TP53 KO hamsters. The review also presents a discussion of the relative strengths and weaknesses of mouse cancer models and hamster cancer models and argues that there are no perfect rodent models of cancer and that the genetically engineered hamster cancer models can complement mouse models and expand the suite of animal cancer models available for the development of new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Robert T. Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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11
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Hinsdale TA, Malik BH, Cheng S, Benavides OR, Giger ML, Wright JM, Patel PB, Jo JA, Maitland KC. Enhanced detection of oral dysplasia by structured illumination fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4984. [PMID: 33654229 PMCID: PMC7925521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that structured illumination microscopy has the potential to enhance fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) as an early detection method for oral squamous cell carcinoma. FLIM can be used to monitor or detect changes in the fluorescence lifetime of metabolic cofactors (e.g. NADH and FAD) associated with the onset of carcinogenesis. However, out of focus fluorescence often interferes with this lifetime measurement. Structured illumination fluorescence lifetime imaging (SI-FLIM) addresses this by providing depth-resolved lifetime measurements, and applied to oral mucosa, can localize the collected signal to the epithelium. In this study, the hamster model of oral carcinogenesis was used to evaluate SI-FLIM in premalignant and malignant oral mucosa. Cheek pouches were imaged in vivo and correlated to histopathological diagnoses. The potential of NADH fluorescence signal and lifetime, as measured by widefield FLIM and SI-FLIM, to differentiate dysplasia (pre-malignancy) from normal tissue was evaluated. ROC analysis was carried out with the task of discriminating between normal tissue and mild dysplasia, when changes in fluorescence characteristics are localized to the epithelium only. The results demonstrate that SI-FLIM (AUC = 0.83) is a significantly better (p-value = 0.031) marker for mild dysplasia when compared to widefield FLIM (AUC = 0.63).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Hinsdale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bilal H Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- QT Imaging, Inc, 3 Hamilton Landing, Suite 160, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Shuna Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Oscar R Benavides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | | | - John M Wright
- Department of Diagnostic Science, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, USA
| | - Paras B Patel
- Department of Diagnostic Science, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, USA
| | - Javier A Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
| | - Kristen C Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
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12
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Ibrahim R, Brix A, Malarkey DE, Nyska A, Asif M, Ramot Y. Chemical-Induced Oral Squamous Cell Neoplasms in Rodents: An Overview of NTP 2-Year Cancer Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1062-1076. [PMID: 33576321 DOI: 10.1177/0192623321989956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide, and lifestyle factors participate in its development. Rodent studies can help identify substances that contribute to its development and provide information on the early stages of carcinogenicity. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has conducted more than 500 short-term and 2-year toxicology and carcinogenicity studies in rodents, and some of the tested compounds resulted in oral cancer. Our goal was to review the NTP carcinogenic studies to describe those chemicals that have oral carcinogenic outcome in rodents. For this project, we reviewed the results from all NTP carcinogenicity studies and a board-certified veterinary pathologist reviewed the slides from all neoplasms in the oral cavity that were considered treatment related. We have identified 26 chemicals with an adverse effect in the oral cavity. Fourteen chemicals demonstrated clear evidence of carcinogenicity in the oral cavity. We provide information on the carcinogenic findings in rodents together with a detailed description of the morphologic aspects of the oral cancers and speculate that the carcinogenic effects can be induced by different pathological modes of action. The findings reviewed here provide indicators for potential oral carcinogenesis processes in rodent models, which can be further investigated in future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, 58884Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amy Brix
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David E Malarkey
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Toxicologic Pathology, Tel Aviv and 26745Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michal Asif
- Faculty of Medicine, 58884Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Ramot
- Faculty of Medicine, 58884Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Pal R, Villarreal P, Yu X, Qiu S, Vargas G. Multimodal widefield fluorescence imaging with nonlinear optical microscopy workflow for noninvasive oral epithelial neoplasia detection: a preclinical study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200213R. [PMID: 33200597 PMCID: PMC7667429 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Early detection of epithelial cancers and precancers/neoplasia in the presence of benign lesions is challenging due to the lack of robust in vivo imaging and biopsy guidance techniques. Label-free nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) has shown promise for optical biopsy through the detection of cellular and extracellular signatures of neoplasia. Although in vivo microscopy techniques continue to be developed, the surface area imaged in microscopy is limited by the field of view. FDA-approved widefield fluorescence (WF) imaging systems that capture autofluorescence signatures of neoplasia provide molecular information at large fields of view, which may complement the cytologic and architectural information provided by NLOM. AIM A multimodal imaging approach with high-sensitivity WF and high-resolution NLOM was investigated to identify and distinguish image-based features of neoplasia from normal and benign lesions. APPROACH In vivo label-free WF imaging and NLOM was performed in preclinical hamster models of oral neoplasia and inflammation. Analyses of WF imaging, NLOM imaging, and dual modality (WF combined with NLOM) were performed. RESULTS WF imaging showed increased red-to-green autofluorescence ratio in neoplasia compared to inflammation and normal oral mucosa (p < 0.01). In vivo assessment of the mucosal tissue with NLOM revealed subsurface cytologic (nuclear pleomorphism) and architectural (remodeling of extracellular matrix) atypia in histologically confirmed neoplastic tissue, which were not observed in inflammation or normal mucosa. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of macroscopic and microscopic image-based features indicated improved performance (94% sensitivity and 97% specificity) of a multiscale approach over WF alone, even in the presence of benign lesions (inflammation), a common confounding factor in diagnostics. CONCLUSIONS A multimodal imaging approach integrating strengths from WF and NLOM may be beneficial in identifying oral neoplasia. Our study could guide future studies on human oral neoplasia to further evaluate merits and limitations of multimodal workflows and inform the development of multiscale clinical imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Paula Villarreal
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, Galveston, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Suimin Qiu
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pathology, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Gracie Vargas
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, Galveston, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Galveston, Texas, United States
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14
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Santa Cruz IS, Garabalino MA, Trivillin VA, Itoiz ME, Pozzi ECC, Thorp S, Curotto P, Guidobono JS, Heber EM, Nigg DW, Schwint AE, Monti Hughes A. Optimization of the classical oral cancerization protocol in hamster to study oral cancer therapy. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1175-1184. [PMID: 32297432 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) The hamster carcinogenesis model recapitulates oral oncogenesis. Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) cancerization induces early severe mucositis, affecting animal's welfare and causing tissue loss and pouch shortening. "Short" pouches cannot be everted for local irradiation for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Our aim was to optimize the DMBA classical cancerization protocol to avoid severe mucositis, without affecting tumor development. We evaluated BNCT in animals cancerized with this novel protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied: Classical cancerization protocol (24 applications) and Classical with two interruptions (completed at the end of the cancerization protocol). BNCT mediated by boronophenylalanine (BPA) was performed in both groups. RESULTS The twice-interrupted group exhibited a significantly lower percentage of animals with severe mucositis versus the non-interrupted group (17% versus 71%) and a significantly higher incidence of long pouches (100% versus 53%). Tumor development and the histologic characteristics of tumor and precancerous tissue were not affected by the interruptions. For both groups, overall tumor response was more than 80%, with a similar incidence of BNCT-induced severe mucositis. CONCLUSION(S) The twice-interrupted protocol reduced severe mucositis during cancerization without affecting tumor development. This favored the animal's welfare and reduced the number of animals to be cancerized for our studies, without affecting BNCT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara S Santa Cruz
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Verónica A Trivillin
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Itoiz
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Odontología, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia Thorp
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Curotto
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan S Guidobono
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa M Heber
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David W Nigg
- Idaho National Laboratory USA, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
| | - Amanda E Schwint
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Monti Hughes
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Essawy MM, El-Sheikh SM, Raslan HS, Ramadan HS, Kang B, Talaat IM, Afifi MM. Function of gold nanoparticles in oral cancer beyond drug delivery: Implications in cell apoptosis. Oral Dis 2020; 27:251-265. [PMID: 32657515 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used to deliver drugs and therapeutic small molecule inhibitors to cancer cells. Evidence shows that AuNPs coated with nuclear localization sequence can cross the nuclear membrane and induce cellular apoptosis. To determine the therapeutic role of AuNPs, we compared two nanoconstructs conjugated to doxorubicin (DOX) through pH-sensitive and pH-resistant linkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested DOX nanoconjugates' cytotoxicity, cellular and nuclear uptake in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of pH-sensitive and pH-resistant DOX bioconjugates in hamster buccal pouch carcinoma model. RESULTS Our data indicate that pH-resistant and pH-sensitive DOX-nanoconjugates were equally localized in cancer cells, but the pH-resistant DOX nanoparticles were more localized in the nuclei inducing a 2-fold increase in the apoptotic effect compared with the pH-sensitive DOX nanoparticles. Our in vivo results show significantly higher tumor shrinkage and survival rates in animals treated with DOX pH-resistant AuNPs compared with pH-sensitive ones. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that AuNPs enhance the cytotoxic effect against cancer cells in addition to acting as drug carriers. DOX pH-resistant AuNPs enhanced accumulation of AuNPs in cancer cells' nuclei inducing a significant cellular apoptosis which was confirmed using in vitro and in vivo experiments without deleterious effects on blood cell count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Essawy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.,Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Sahar M El-Sheikh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Raslan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Heba S Ramadan
- Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Bin Kang
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Iman M Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, UAE.,Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Afifi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Wang J, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang L, Xia Q, Tian Z, Guan X. Chemopreventive effect of modified zengshengping on oral cancer in a hamster model and assessment of its effect on liver. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112774. [PMID: 32198081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, seriously compromising patients' quality of life. Previous studies showed that Zengshengping (ZSP), a popular traditional Chinese medicine, has certain inhibiting effects on both oral precancerous lesions and OSCC. However, few reports underlined ZSP side effects such as liver toxicity, which limit its long-term application. Aim of the study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of a modified ZSPs formula on oral cancer in a hamster model. Its effect on hamster liver was also assessed. Materials and Methods The original medicine (ZSP-1) and other two formulas slightly different and called ZSP-2 and ZSP-3 were prepared ahead of time. DMBA (0.5%) was topically applied for 6 weeks to induce a premalignant lesion on hamsters' cheek pouch, then ZSP-1/2/3 were intragastrically administered for 8 weeks. Hamster treated with DMBA + each of the ZSPs represented the ZSP-1/2/3 groups, while those without ZSP-1/2/3 treatment represented the DMBA group. To assess the effect of ZSPs in the liver, intragastric administration of ZSP-1/2/3 was carried out to other groups of hamsters for 12 weeks and the blood was collected every two weeks to detect the hepatic function. Some of the hamsters were sacrificed at the end of 12 weeks, while the remaining animals were sacrificed after other 4 weeks to estimate the effect of ZSP-1/2/3 withdrawal on the liver. Results showed that tumor development in the ZSP-1/2/3 groups was less than that in DMBA group. BrdU, CD31 and COX-2 expression in the hyperplastic tissues was significantly lower in the ZSP-1/2/3 groups than that in the DMBA group. In addition, VEGF and COX-2 expression in ZSP-1/2/3 groups was lower while caspase-9 and p53 expression was higher than those in the DMBA group. Finally, PTEN expression in ZSP-1/2/3 groups was higher than that in the DMBA group. As regard the effect in the liver, ALP in the ZSP-1/2/3 groups was higher than that in the control group treated with an intragastric administration of ddH2O. After 4 weeks of withdrawal, the hamsters of the ZSP-3 group did not recover from the increase in ALP. Histopathology showed the presence of inflammatory lesions in each group after 12 weeks, especially in the ZSP-1/3 groups, and the number of apoptotic cells in the ZSP-3 group was higher than that in the other groups, without any recovery after withdrawal of the drug. At 12 weeks, the MDA in the ZSP-1 group was higher than that in the control group and the ZSP-2 group, but the difference disappeared after drug withdrawal because the MDA in the ZSP-1/3 groups decreased. Conclusions ZSP-2 possessed a chemopreventive effect against oral cancer by inhibiting inflammation, proliferation of tumor cells, generation of microvessels and by promoting tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, hepatotoxicity of ZSP-2, which might be related to oxidative stress injury, was reduced to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenchuan Tian
- Institute of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobing Guan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Woo Y, Reid V, Kelly KJ, Carlson D, Yu Z, Fong Y. Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Prevents Premalignant Lesions from Progressing to Cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 16:1-6. [PMID: 31909180 PMCID: PMC6940689 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and timely treatment of precancerous lesions are hallmarks of successful strategies to prevent deaths due to cancer. Oncolytic viruses are a group of promising anti-cancer agents with wide-ranging experimental and clinical efficacy against solid tumors. Previously, we have shown that NV1066, an oncolytic herpes simplex-1 virus encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein, selectively infects, replicates in, and kills various cancer types. In this study, we sought to determine whether this oncolytic agent can treat precancerous lesions to prevent cancer formation. Using an oral chemical carcinogenesis model in hamsters, we assessed the ability of NV1066 to infect precancerous and cancerous lesions. NV1066 consistently infected dysplastic cells, carcinoma in situ, and squamous cell carcinoma. Animals receiving an intramucosal injection of NV1066 for 7 weeks showed significantly fewer (3-fold) and smaller (4-fold) lesions compared to animals that did not receive viral treatment. Results indicate that infectivity might be dependent on the herpes simplex virus 1 receptor, nectin-1. This study demonstrates that not only can NV1066 treat oral squamous cell carcinoma, but it can also infect and treat premalignant lesions, thus delaying cancer progression. Overall, our study shows the potential of the oncolytic virus NV1066 as a cancer prevention tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghee Woo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Vincent Reid
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Surgery, Mercy Medical Center, Cedar Rapids, IA 52403, USA
| | - Kaitlyn J. Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Surgery, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Diane Carlson
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhenkun Yu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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18
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Yapijakis C, Kalogera S, Papakosta V, Vassiliou S. The Hamster Model of Sequential Oral Carcinogenesis: An Update. In Vivo 2020; 33:1751-1755. [PMID: 31662499 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are valuable tools for studying human cancer as well as for preclinical trials. The hamster model of chemically induced sequential oral carcinogenesis was developed by our group a decade ago in order to study the multistep process of alterations in gene expression during carcinogenesis. The purpose of this review was to discuss the utility of the hamster model of sequential oral carcinogenesis regarding the deciphering of the main pathways altered. An extended search for articles that cited that specific animal models was performed. Many studies have used the hamster model of sequential oral carcinogenesis either for evaluation of the expression of biomarkers alone, or for applying chemopreventive compounds and other therapeutic methods, or combining the use of biomarkers with the anticancer effect of some compounds. It seems that this animal model is indeed a useful tool that enables the study of cell biology, pathology and therapeutics of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Yapijakis
- First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Hospital, Athens, Greece .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Diagnostic Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefania Kalogera
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Diagnostic Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Veronica Papakosta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
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19
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DMBA-Induced Oral Carcinoma in Syrian Hamster: Increased Carcinogenic Effect by Dexamethasone Coexposition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1470868. [PMID: 32149076 PMCID: PMC7042540 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1470868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effect of systemic administration of the immunosuppressant dexamethasone (DM) while inducing hamster buccal pouch DMBA carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods. Two different experiments were performed. In the first experiment, hamsters' right buccal pouches in group A (n = 10) were painted three times per week with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) 0.5%, while pouches of animals in group B (n = 10) were painted three times per week with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) 0.5%, while pouches of animals in group B ( Results The time of macroscopic neoplasm development was reduced when DM-DMBA coexposition was employed, finding tumors after 10–12 weeks of exposition. In addition, the frequency of histopathological lesions was higher. Conclusion Immunomodulatory action of dexamethasone may reduce the time of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) induction and may increase the incidence of neoplasms developed.
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20
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Villarreal P, Pal R, Vargas G. In Vivo Epithelial Metabolic Imaging Using a Topical Fluorescent Glucose Analog. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2126:21-31. [PMID: 32112376 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0364-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The demanding metabolic needs of cancer cells are met by aerobic glycolysis. While whole-body PET imaging methods exist for evaluating this metabolic response, these are not ideal for local, more detailed regions such as mucosal surfaces. Fluorescence imaging of glucose analogs with similarities to radiolabeled deoxyglucose used in PET, namely, fluorescent 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose (2-NBDG), offers such an alternative, particularly as this glucose analog may be delivered by local topical delivery. In this chapter, methods for in vivo epithelial imaging in a preclinical hamster model for oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia are described. Outlined are methods for preparation and in vivo delivery of 2-NBDG by topical application to the oral mucosa followed by fluorescence imaging to compare fluorescence responses between neoplasia and control mucosa or to monitor changes in fluorescence signal with time in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Villarreal
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Advanced Bio-optics Imaging Lab, and Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rahul Pal
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Advanced Bio-optics Imaging Lab, and Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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21
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The essential role of radiobiological figures of merit for the assessment and comparison of beam performances in boron neutron capture therapy. Phys Med 2019; 67:9-19. [PMID: 31610302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.09.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a treatment modality that uses an external neutron beam to selectively inactive boron10-loaded tumor cells. This work presents the development and innovative use of radiobiological probability models to adequately evaluate and compare the therapeutic potential and versatility of beams presenting different neutron energy spectra. M&M: Aforementioned characteristics, collectively refer to as the performance of a beam, were defined on the basis of radiobiological probability models for the first time in BNCT. A model of uncomplicated tumor control probability (UTCP) for HN cancer was introduced. This model considers a NTCP able to predict severe mucositis and a TCP for non-uniform doses derived herein. A systematic study comprising a simplified HN cancer model is presented as a practical application of the introduced radiobiological figures of merit (FOM) for assessing and comparing the performance of different clinical beams. Applications involving treated HN cancer patients were also analyzed. RESULTS The maximum UTCP proved suitable and sensitive to assess the performance of a beam, revealing particularities of the studied sources that the physical FOMs do not highlight. The radiobiological FOMs evaluated in patients showed to be useful tools both for retrospective analysis of the BNCT treatments, and for prospective studies of beam optimization and feasibility. CONCLUSIONS The presented developments and applications demonstrated that it is possible to assess and compare performances of completely different beams fairly and adequately by assessing the radiobiological FOM UTCP. Thus, this figure would be a practical and essential aid to guide treatment decisions.
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Farah CS, Shearston K, Nguyen AP, Kujan O. Oral Carcinogenesis and Malignant Transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2931-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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In-vivo topical mucosal delivery of a fluorescent deoxy-glucose delineates neoplasia from normal in a preclinical model of oral epithelial neoplasia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9760. [PMID: 29950704 PMCID: PMC6021424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic imaging of oral cavity mucosal surfaces could benefit early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Fluorescent deoxy-glucose agents provide contrast for glucose metabolism similar to 18FDG-PET imaging and allow use of optical imaging, which provides high resolution and lower potential cost. However, in-vivo topical mucosal delivery of fluorescent deoxy-glucose agents without injection or tissue resection has not been shown. We introduce in-vivo optical imaging of neoplasia following mucosal delivery of 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose (2-NBDG) in an OSCC/OED hamster model and demonstrate uptake into epithelium across the mucosal surface without injection or disrupting the epithelium. 2-NBDG fluorescence intensity following 30-minutes topical application was 6-fold and 4-fold higher in OSCC and OED, respectively, compared to normal mucosa. Receiver operator characteristic analysis show 83% sensitivity and 73% specificity for detection of neoplasia vs benign (normal and inflammation). Faster 2-NBDG fluorescence temporal decay in neoplasia indicated higher uptake and glucose metabolic rate than normal mucosa. Mucosal delivery of 2-NBDG by topical application to the in-vivo oral surface is feasible and delineates neoplasia from normal mucosa, providing in-vivo noninvasive molecular imaging of dysregulated glucose metabolism, which could benefit preclinical studies of carcinogenesis or be developed for use in early detection.
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New Gene Markers for Metabolic Processes and Homeostasis in Porcine Buccal Pouch Mucosa during Cells Long Term-Cultivation-A Primary Culture Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041027. [PMID: 29596348 PMCID: PMC5979461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosal tissue is a compound structure composed of morphologically and physiologically different cell types. The morphological modification involves genetically determined lifespan, which may be recognized as the balance between cell survival and apoptosis. Although the biochemical processes and pathways in oral mucosa, with special regards to drug transport, delivery, and metabolism, are well known, the cellular physiological homeostasis in this tissue requires further investigation. The porcine buccal pouch mucosal cells (BPMCs) collected from 20 pubertal crossbred Landrace gilts, were used in this study. Immediately after recovery, the oral mucosa was separated micro-surgically, and treated enzymatically. The dispersed cells were transferred into primary in vitro culture systems for a long-term cultivation of 30 days. After each step of in vitro culture (IVC), the cells were collected for isolation of total RNA at 24 h, 7, 15, and 30 days of IVC. While the expression was analyzed for days 7, 15, and 30, the 24th hour was used as a reference for outcome calibration. The gene expression profile was determined using Affymetrix microarray assays and necessary procedures. In results, we observed significant up-regulation of SCARB1, PTGS2, DUSP5, ITGB3, PLK2, CCL2, TGFB1, CCL8, RFC4, LYN, ETS1, REL, LIF, SPP1, and FGER1G genes, belonging to two ontological groups, namely "positive regulation of metabolic process", and "regulation of homeostatic process" at 7 day of IVC as compared to down-regulation at days 15 and 30. These findings suggest that the metabolic processes and homeostatic regulations are much more intense in porcine mucosal cells at day 7 of IVC. Moreover, the increased expression of marker genes, for both of these ontological groups, may suggest the existence of not only "morphological lifespan" during tissue keratinization, but also "physiological checkpoint" dedicated to metabolic processes in oral mucosa. This knowledge may be useful for preclinical experiments with drugs delivery and metabolism in both animals and humans.
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Miranda Galvis M, Freitas Jardim J, Kaminagakura E, Santos-Silva AR, Paiva Fonseca F, Paes Almeida O, Ajudarte Lopes M, Lópes Pinto C, Kowalski LP. Expression of cell cycle proteins according to HPV status in oral squamous cell carcinoma affecting young patients: a pilot study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 125:317-325. [PMID: 29501355 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco and alcohol consumption are considered the main risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, the role of these factors in patients younger than 40 years is controversial, so it has been suggested that genomic instability and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection may be contributing factors to oral carcinogenesis at a young age. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of cell cycle proteins according HPV status in OSCC affecting young patients. METHODS A tissue microarray construction based on 34 OSCC samples from young patients (<40 years old) was subjected to immunohistochemical reactions for Ki67, cyclin D1, C-ErbB2, p21, Myc, epidermal growth factor receptor, p53, and p16 antibodies. RESULTS The clinicopathologic features and the immunoexpression of all tested proteins were similar in both groups. Patients with HPV-related OSSC tended to have better cancer-specific survival (CSS; 39% vs 60% 5-y CSS), and overall survival (OS; 29.2% vs 60% 5-year OS). However, this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION No significant difference exists in the expression of cell cycle proteins studied between HR-HPV DNA-positive and HR-HPV DNA-negative OSCC affecting young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Miranda Galvis
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Juscelino Freitas Jardim
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Estela Kaminagakura
- Departament of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Science and Technology Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Oslei Paes Almeida
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Lópes Pinto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Li R, Miao J, Fan Z, Song S, Kong IK, Wang Y, Wang Z. Production of Genetically Engineered Golden Syrian Hamsters by Pronuclear Injection of the CRISPR/Cas9 Complex. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29364218 DOI: 10.3791/56263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pronuclear (PN) injection technique was first established in mice to introduce foreign genetic materials into the pronuclei of one-cell stage embryos. The introduced genetic material may integrate into the embryonic genome and generate transgenic animals with foreign genetic information following transfer of the injected embryos to foster mothers. Following the success in mice, PN injection has been applied successfully in many other animal species. Recently, PN injection has been successfully employed to introduce reagents with gene-modifying activities, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system, to achieve site-specific genetic modifications in several laboratory and farm animal species. In addition to mastering the special set of microinjection skills to produce genetically modified animals by PN injection, researchers must understand the reproduction physiology and behavior of the target species, because each species presents unique challenges. For example, golden Syrian hamster embryos have unique handling requirements in vitro such that PN injection techniques were not possible in this species until recent breakthroughs by our group. With our species-modified PN injection protocol, we have succeeded in producing several gene knockout (KO) and knockin (KI) hamsters, which have been used successfully to model human diseases. Here we describe the PN injection procedure for delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 complex to the zygotes of the hamster, the embryo handling conditions, embryo transfer procedures, and husbandry required to produce genetically modified hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University; National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University
| | - SeokHwan Song
- Department of Animal Science Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Animal Science Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Yaohe Wang
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University;
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Monti Hughes A, Longhino J, Boggio E, Medina VA, Martinel Lamas DJ, Garabalino MA, Heber EM, Pozzi ECC, Itoiz ME, Aromando RF, Nigg DW, Trivillin VA, Schwint AE. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) translational studies in the hamster cheek pouch model of oral cancer at the new "B2" configuration of the RA-6 nuclear reactor. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2017; 56:377-387. [PMID: 28871389 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on selective accumulation of B-10 carriers in tumor followed by neutron irradiation. We demonstrated, in 2001, the therapeutic effect of BNCT mediated by BPA (boronophenylalanine) in the hamster cheek pouch model of oral cancer, at the RA-6 nuclear reactor. Between 2007 and 2011, the RA-6 was upgraded, leading to an improvement in the performance of the BNCT beam (B2 configuration). Our aim was to evaluate BPA-BNCT radiotoxicity and tumor control in the hamster cheek pouch model of oral cancer at the new "B2" configuration. We also evaluated, for the first time in the oral cancer model, the radioprotective effect of histamine against mucositis in precancerous tissue as the dose-limiting tissue. Cancerized pouches were exposed to: BPA-BNCT; BPA-BNCT + histamine; BO: Beam only; BO + histamine; CONTROL: cancerized, no-treatment. BNCT induced severe mucositis, with an incidence that was slightly higher than in "B1" experiments (86 vs 67%, respectively). BO induced low/moderate mucositis. Histamine slightly reduced the incidence of severe mucositis induced by BPA-BNCT (75 vs 86%) and prevented mucositis altogether in BO animals. Tumor overall response was significantly higher in BNCT (94-96%) than in control (16%) and BO groups (9-38%), and did not differ significantly from the "B1" results (91%). Histamine did not compromise BNCT therapeutic efficacy. BNCT radiotoxicity and therapeutic effect at the B1 and B2 configurations of RA-6 were consistent. Histamine slightly reduced mucositis in precancerous tissue even in this overly aggressive oral cancer model, without compromising tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monti Hughes
- Department of Radiobiology, Constituyentes Atomic Center, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- National Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan Longhino
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Bariloche Atomic Center, CNEA, San Carlos de Bariloche, Province Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Esteban Boggio
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Bariloche Atomic Center, CNEA, San Carlos de Bariloche, Province Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Vanina A Medina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumoral Biology and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED CONICET-UCA), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J Martinel Lamas
- National Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumoral Biology and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED CONICET-UCA), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela A Garabalino
- Department of Radiobiology, Constituyentes Atomic Center, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa M Heber
- Department of Radiobiology, Constituyentes Atomic Center, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano C C Pozzi
- Department of Radiobiology, Constituyentes Atomic Center, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Itoiz
- Department of Radiobiology, Constituyentes Atomic Center, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, UBA, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina F Aromando
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, UBA, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Verónica A Trivillin
- Department of Radiobiology, Constituyentes Atomic Center, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amanda E Schwint
- Department of Radiobiology, Constituyentes Atomic Center, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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González SJ, Pozzi ECC, Monti Hughes A, Provenzano L, Koivunoro H, Carando DG, Thorp SI, Casal MR, Bortolussi S, Trivillin VA, Garabalino MA, Curotto P, Heber EM, Santa Cruz GA, Kankaanranta L, Joensuu H, Schwint AE. Photon iso-effective dose for cancer treatment with mixed field radiation based on dose–response assessment from human and an animal model: clinical application to boron neutron capture therapy for head and neck cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:7938-7958. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa8986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pal R, Edward K, Ma L, Qiu S, Vargas G. Spectroscopic characterization of oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma using multiphoton autofluorescence micro-spectroscopy. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:866-873. [PMID: 28677822 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) has shown potential in identifying features that are directly related to tissue microstructural and biochemical changes throughout epithelial neoplasia. In this study, we evaluate the autofluorescence spectral characteristics of neoplastic epithelium in dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using multiphoton autofluorescence spectroscopy (MPAS) in an in vivo hamster model of oral neoplasia in order to identify unique signatures that could be used to delineate normal oral mucosa from neoplasia. MATERIALS/METHODS A 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) hamster model of oral precancer and OSCC was used for in vivo MPAM and MPAS. Multiphoton Imaging and spectroscopy were performed with 780 nm excitation while a bandpass emission 450-650 nm was used for MPAM. Autofluorescence spectra was collected in the spectral window of 400-650 nm. RESULTS MPAS with fluorescence excitation at 780 nm revealed an overall red shift of a primary blue-green peak (480-520 nm) that is attributed to NADH and FAD. In the case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and some high-grade dysplasia an additional prominent peak at 635 nm, attributed to PpIX was observed. The fluorescence intensity at 635 nm and an intensity ratio of the primary blue-green peak versus 635 nm peak, showed statistically significant difference between control and neoplastic tissue. DISCUSSION Neoplastic transformation in the epithelium is known to alter the intracellular homeostasis of important tissue metabolites such as NADH, FAD, and PpIX, which was observed by MPAS in their native environment. A combination of deep tissue microscopy owing to higher penetration depth of multiphoton excitation and depth resolved spectroscopy could prove to be invaluable in identification of cytologic as well as biomolecular spectral characteristic of oral epithelial neoplasia. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:866-873, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Kert Edward
- Department of Physics, University of the West Indies, UWI Mona, Kingston 7, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Liang Ma
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555.,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
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Anbalagan V, Raju K, Shanmugam M. Assessment of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Vanillic Acid Treated 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:BF01-BF04. [PMID: 28511374 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/23537.9369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vanillic acid, a naturally occurring bioactive substance, possesses diverse pharmacological potential including free radical scavenging and anticancer properties. Excessive generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and insufficient antioxidant potential has been involved in numerous pathological disorders, including cancer. AIM To explore the anti-lipid peroxidative and antioxidant efficacy of vanillic acid in Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene (DMBA) induced oral carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Topical application of DMBA for 14 weeks in the buccal pouch of hamsters resulted in well developed oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vanillic acid at a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight was orally administrated to the hamsters for 14 weeks. The status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were measured in the plasma and buccal mucosa of hamsters using specific colorimetric methods. RESULTS Altered levels of lipid peroxidation by-products {Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS)} and disturbances in antioxidants status {Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), vitamin E, vitamin C and reduced Glutathione (GSH)} were observed in the plasma and buccal mucosa tissues of hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Vanillic acid (200 mg/kg bw p.o) significantly restored the above mentioned plasma and buccal mucosa biochemical variables to near normal range in DMBA treated hamsters. CONCLUSION Present findings thus confirm the anti-lipid peroxidative and antioxidant efficacy of vanillic acid in DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Anbalagan
- Scholar, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kowsalya Raju
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College for Women, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoharan Shanmugam
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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De novo assembly, annotation, and characterization of the whole brain transcriptome of male and female Syrian hamsters. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40472. [PMID: 28071753 PMCID: PMC5223125 DOI: 10.1038/srep40472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hamsters are an ideal animal model for a variety of biomedical research areas such as cancer, virology, circadian rhythms, and behavioural neuroscience. The use of hamsters has declined, however, most likely due to the dearth of genetic tools available for these animals. Our laboratory uses hamsters to study acute social stress, and we are beginning to investigate the genetic mechanisms subserving defeat-induced behavioural change. We have been limited, however, by the lack of genetic resources available for hamsters. In this study, we sequenced the brain transcriptome of male and female Syrian hamsters to generate the necessary resources to continue our research. We completed a de novo assembly and after assembly optimization, there were 113,329 transcripts representing 14,530 unique genes. This study is the first to characterize transcript expression in both female and male hamster brains and offers invaluable information to promote understanding of a host of important biomedical research questions for which hamsters are an excellent model.
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Yildirim M, Quinn KP, Kobler JB, Zeitels SM, Georgakoudi I, Ben-Yakar A. Quantitative differentiation of normal and scarred tissues using second-harmonic generation microscopy. SCANNING 2016; 38:684-693. [PMID: 27111090 PMCID: PMC6050009 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to differentiate normal and scarred hamster cheek pouch samples by applying a quantitative image analysis technique for determining collagen fiber direction and density in second-harmonic generation microscopy images. This paper presents a collagen tissue analysis of scarred cheek pouches of four adult male Golden Syrian hamsters as an animal model for vocal fold scarring. One cheek pouch was scarred using an electrocautery unit and the other cheek was used as a control for each hamster. A home-built upright microscope and a compact ultrafast fiber laser were used to acquire depth resolved epi-collected second-harmonic generation images of collagen fibers. To quantify the average fiber direction and fiber density in each image, we applied two-dimensional Fourier analysis and intensity thresholding at five different locations for each control and scarred tissue sample, respectively. The resultant depth-resolved average fiber direction variance for scarred hamster cheek pouches (0.61 ± 0.03) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than control tissue (0.73 ± 0.04), indicating increased fiber alignment within the scar. Depth-resolved average voxel density measurements indicated scarred tissues contained greater (p < 0.005) fiber density (0.72 ± 0.09) compared to controls (0.18 ± 0.03). In the present study, image analysis of both fiber alignment and density from depth-resolved second-harmonic generation images in epi-detection mode enabled the quantification of the increased collagen fiber deposition and alignment typically observed in fibrosis. The epi-detection geometry is the only viable method for in vivo imaging as well as imaging thick turbid tissues. These quantitative endpoints, clearly differentiating between control and scarred hamster cheek pouches, provide an objective means to characterize the extent of vocal fold scarring in vivo in preclinical and clinical research. In particular, this non-invasive method offers advantages for monitoring scar treatments in live animals and following the effects of scarring-related treatments such as application of steroids or drugs targeting pathways involved in fibrosis. SCANNING 38:684-693, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Yildirim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kyle P. Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - James B. Kobler
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven M. Zeitels
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Adela Ben-Yakar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Malik BH, Lee J, Cheng S, Cuenca R, Jabbour JM, Cheng YSL, Wright JM, Ahmed B, Maitland KC, Jo JA. Objective Detection of Oral Carcinoma with Multispectral Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging In Vivo. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:694-701. [PMID: 27499123 DOI: 10.1111/php.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Successful early detection and demarcation of oral carcinoma can greatly impact the associated morbidity and mortality rates. Current methods for detection of oral cancer include comprehensive visual examination of the oral cavity, typically followed by tissue biopsy. A noninvasive means to guide the clinician in making a more objective and informed decision toward tissue biopsy can potentially improve the diagnostic yield of this process. To this end, we investigate the potential of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for objective detection of oral carcinoma in the hamster cheek pouch model of oral carcinogenesis in vivo. We report that systematically selected FLIM features can differentiate between low-risk (normal, benign and low-grade dysplasia) and high-risk (high-grade dysplasia and cancer) oral lesions with sensitivity and specificity of 87.26% and 93.96%, respectively. We also show the ability of FLIM to generate "disease" maps of the tissue which can be used to evaluate relative risk of neoplasia. The results demonstrate the potential of multispectral FLIM with objective image analysis as a noninvasive tool to guide comprehensive oral examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal H Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. .,QT Ultrasound Labs, Novato, CA.
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Shuna Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Rodrigo Cuenca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Joey M Jabbour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Yi-Shing Lisa Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center - Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
| | - John M Wright
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center - Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
| | - Beena Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kristen C Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Javier A Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Pal R, Shilagard T, Yang J, Villarreal P, Brown T, Qiu S, McCammon S, Resto V, Vargas G. Remodeling of the Epithelial-Connective Tissue Interface in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia as Visualized by Noninvasive 3D Imaging. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4637-47. [PMID: 27302162 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early neoplastic features in oral epithelial dysplasia are first evident at the basal epithelium positioned at the epithelial-connective tissue interface (ECTI), separating the basal epithelium from the underlying lamina propria. The ECTI undergoes significant deformation in early neoplasia due to focal epithelial expansion and proteolytic remodeling of the lamina propria, but few studies have examined these changes. In the present study, we quantitated alterations in ECTI topography in dysplasia using in vivo volumetric multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy and second harmonic generation microscopy. The label-free method allows direct noninvasive visualization of the ECTI surface without perturbing the epithelium. An image-based parameter, "ECTI contour," is described that indicates deformation of the ECTI surface. ECTI contour was higher in dysplasia than control or inflamed specimens, indicating transition from flat to a deformed surface. Cellular parameters of nuclear area, nuclear density, coefficient of variation in nuclear area in the basal epithelium and collagen density in areas adjacent to ECTI were measured. ECTI contour differentiated dysplasia from control/benign mucosa with higher sensitivity and specificity than basal nuclear density or basal nuclear area, comparable with coefficient of variation in nuclear area and collagen density. The presented method offers a unique opportunity to study ECTI in intact mucosa with simultaneous assessment of cellular and extracellular matrix features, expanding opportunities for studies of early neoplastic events near this critical interface and potentially leading to development of new approaches for detecting neoplasia in vivo Cancer Res; 76(16); 4637-47. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
| | - Tuya Shilagard
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jinping Yang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Paula Villarreal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Tyra Brown
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Susan McCammon
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Vicente Resto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Saleh HM, Soliman OA, Elshazly MO, Raafat A, Gohar AK, Salaheldin TA. Acute hematologic, hepatologic, and nephrologic changes after intraperitoneal injections of 18 nm gold nanoparticles in hamsters. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2505-13. [PMID: 27354788 PMCID: PMC4907740 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo responses to gold nanoparticles (GNPs) vary not only according to the size, shape, surface charge, and capping agent of GNPs but also according to the animal model, the route of administration, and the exposure frequency and duration. We illustrate here the changes in some hematologic parameters, in the hepatic and renal functions, and in the histopathology of solid organs after multiple intraperitoneal injections of 18 nm GNPs in adult male Syrian golden hamsters. We scored the histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys to grade the deleterious effects. Multiple intraperitoneal injections of 18 nm GNPs in hamsters were nonlethal in the short term but resulted in macrocytosis and hypochromasia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis. The hepatic and renal functions showed nonsignificant changes; however, histopathological examination showed hepatic and renal alterations ranging from mild to marked degeneration, with occasional necrosis of hepatocytes and tubular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Mohamed Saleh
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Medical Applications, The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Guiza, Egypt
| | - Omar A Soliman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Guiza, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Raafat
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Guiza, Egypt
| | - Adel K Gohar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Guiza, Egypt
| | - Taher A Salaheldin
- Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Central Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Guiza, Egypt
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Lossi L, D’Angelo L, De Girolamo P, Merighi A. Anatomical features for an adequate choice of experimental animal model in biomedicine: II. Small laboratory rodents, rabbit, and pig. Ann Anat 2016; 204:11-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Low KP, Bhuvaneswari R, Thong PS, Bunte RM, Soo KC. Novel delivery of Chlorin e6 using anti-EGFR antibody tagged virosomes for fluorescence diagnosis of oral cancer in a hamster cheek pouch model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 83:143-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Supsavhad W, Dirksen WP, Martin CK, Rosol TJ. Animal models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Vet J 2015; 210:7-16. [PMID: 26965084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common oral cancer worldwide. Local bone invasion into the maxilla or mandible and metastasis to regional lymph nodes often result in a poor prognosis, decreased quality of life and shortened survival time for HNSCC patients. Poor response to treatment and clinical outcomes are the major concerns in this aggressive cancer. Multiple animal models have been developed to replicate spontaneous HNSCC and investigate genetic alterations and novel therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview of HNSCC as well as the traditional animal models used in HNSCC preclinical research. The value and challenges of each in vivo model are discussed. Similarity between HNSCC in humans and cats and the possibility of using spontaneous feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) as a model for HNSCC in translational research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachiraphan Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines visible light and photosensitizing dyes. Different animal models have been used to test PDT for cancer, infectious disease and cardiovascular disease. Mouse models of tumours include subcutaneous, orthotopic, syngeneic, xenograft, autochthonous and genetically modified. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers (PSs), which absorb visible light to give the excited singlet state, followed by the long-lived triplet state that can undergo photochemistry. In the presence of ambient oxygen, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are formed that are able to kill cancer cells, inactivate microbial pathogens and destroy unwanted tissue. Although there are already several clinically approved PSs for various disease indications, many studies around the world are using animal models to investigate the further utility of PDT. The present review will cover the main groups of animal models that have been described in the literature. Cancer comprises the single biggest group of models including syngeneic mouse/rat tumours that can either be subcutaneous or orthotopic and allow the study of anti-tumour immune response; human tumours that need to be implanted in immunosuppressed hosts; carcinogen-induced tumours; and mice that have been genetically engineered to develop cancer (often by pathways similar to those in patients). Infections are the second biggest class of animal models and the anatomical sites include wounds, burns, oral cavity, ears, eyes, nose etc. Responsible pathogens can include Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. A smaller and diverse group of miscellaneous animal models have been reported that allow PDT to be tested in ophthalmology, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, dermatology and wound healing. Successful studies using animal models of PDT are blazing the trail for tomorrow's clinical approvals.
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Kumar P, Bhattacharjee T, Ingle A, Maru G, Krishna CM. Raman Spectroscopy of Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis: Study on Sequential Cancer Progression in Hamster Buccal Pouch Model. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:NP60-72. [PMID: 26272064 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615598622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers suffer from poor 5-year survival rates, owing to late detection of the disease. Current diagnostic/screening tools need to be upgraded in view of disadvantages like invasiveness, tedious sample preparation, long output times, and interobserver variances. Raman spectroscopy has been shown to identify many disease conditions, including oral cancers, from healthy conditions. Further studies in exploring sequential changes in oral carcinogenesis are warranted. In this Raman spectroscopy study, sequential progression in experimental oral carcinogenesis in Hamster buccal pouch model was investigated using 3 approaches-ex vivo, in vivo sequential, and in vivo follow-up. In all these studies, spectral changes show lipid dominance in early stages while later stages and tumors showed increased protein to lipid ratio and nucleic acids. On similar lines, early weeks of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated and control groups showed higher overlap and low classification. The classification efficiency increased progressively, reached a plateau phase and subsequently increased up to 100% by 14 weeks. The misclassifications between treated and control spectra suggested some changes in controls as well, which was confirmed by a careful reexamination of histopathological slides. These findings suggests Raman spectroscopy may be able to identify microheterogeneity, which may often go unnoticed in conventional biochemistry wherein tissue extracts are employed, as well as in histopathology. In vivo findings, quite comparable to gold-standard supported ex vivo findings, give further proof of Raman spectroscopy being a promising label-free, noninvasive diagnostic adjunct for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Kumar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Tanmoy Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind Ingle
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Girish Maru
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - C Murali Krishna
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
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Monti Hughes A, Pozzi ECC, Thorp SI, Curotto P, Medina VA, Martinel Lamas DJ, Rivera ES, Garabalino MA, Farías RO, Gonzalez SJ, Heber EM, Itoiz ME, Aromando RF, Nigg DW, Trivillin VA, Schwint AE. Histamine reduces boron neutron capture therapy-induced mucositis in an oral precancer model. Oral Dis 2015; 21:770-7. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Monti Hughes
- Department of Radiobiology; National Atomic Energy Commission; San Martin Province Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - ECC Pozzi
- Department of Research and Production Reactors; National Atomic Energy Commission; Ezeiza Province Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - SI Thorp
- Department of Instrumentation and Control; National Atomic Energy Commission; Ezeiza Province Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - P Curotto
- Department of Research and Production Reactors; National Atomic Energy Commission; Ezeiza Province Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - VA Medina
- Radioisotopes Laboratory; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; School of Medical Sciences; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED CONICET-UCA); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - DJ Martinel Lamas
- Radioisotopes Laboratory; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; School of Medical Sciences; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED CONICET-UCA); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - ES Rivera
- Radioisotopes Laboratory; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - MA Garabalino
- Department of Radiobiology; National Atomic Energy Commission; San Martin Province Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - RO Farías
- Department of Technology and Applications of Accelerators; National Atomic Energy Commission; San Martin Province Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - SJ Gonzalez
- National Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Department of Technology and Applications of Accelerators; National Atomic Energy Commission; San Martin Province Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - EM Heber
- Department of Radiobiology; National Atomic Energy Commission; San Martin Province Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - ME Itoiz
- Department of Radiobiology; National Atomic Energy Commission; San Martin Province Buenos Aires Argentina
- Department of Oral Pathology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - RF Aromando
- Department of Oral Pathology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - DW Nigg
- Idaho National Laboratory; Idaho Falls ID USA
| | - VA Trivillin
- Department of Radiobiology; National Atomic Energy Commission; San Martin Province Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - AE Schwint
- Department of Radiobiology; National Atomic Energy Commission; San Martin Province Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
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Fan Z, Meng Q, Bunch TD, White KL, Wang Z. Effective cryopreservation of golden Syrian hamster embryos by open pulled straw vitrification. Lab Anim 2015; 50:45-53. [PMID: 25715282 DOI: 10.1177/0023677215571654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Golden Syrian hamster embryos are difficult to cryopreserve due to their high sensitivity to cryoprotectants and in vitro handling. The objective of this study is to develop a robust open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification technique for cryopreserving hamster embryos at various developmental stages. We first systematically tested the concentrations of cryoprotectants and the exposure times of two-cell embryos to various vitrification solutions. We identified pretreatment of two-cell embryos with 10% (v/v) ethylene glycol (EG) + 10% (v/v) dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for 30 s followed by exposure in the vitrification solution, EDFS30 (containing 15% EG + 15% DMSO), for 30 s before plunging into liquid nitrogen (two-step exposure method) as the optimal OPS vitrification protocol. We then investigated the resourcefulness of this protocol for vitrifying hamster embryos at different developmental stages. The results showed that high blastocyst rates from embryos vitrified at two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell, or morula stage (62%, 78%, 80%, or 72%, respectively), but not those verified at pronuclear (0%) or blastocyst stage (24%; P < 0.05), were achieved by this protocol. When embryos vitrified at the two-cell stage were recovered and then directly transferred to recipient females, 29% of them developed to term, a development rate not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the 40% birth rate of the unvitrified controls. In conclusion, we have developed an effective two-step OPS vitrification protocol for hamster embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Q Meng
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - T D Bunch
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - K L White
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA Auratus Bio, LLC, Canton, South Dakota, USA
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Pal R, Yang J, Ortiz D, Qiu S, Resto V, McCammon S, Vargas G. In-vivo nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) of epithelial-connective tissue interface (ECTI) reveals quantitative measures of neoplasia in hamster oral mucosa. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116754. [PMID: 25633927 PMCID: PMC4310593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-connective tissue interface (ECTI) plays an integral role in epithelial neoplasia, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This interface undergoes significant alterations due to hyperproliferating epithelium that supports the transformation of normal epithelium to precancers and cancer. We present a method based on nonlinear optical microscopy to directly assess the ECTI and quantify dysplastic alterations using a hamster model for oral carcinogenesis. Neoplastic and non-neoplastic normal mucosa were imaged in-vivo by both multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) and second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) to obtain cross-sectional reconstructions of the oral epithelium and lamina propria. Imaged sites were biopsied and processed for histopathological grading and measurement of ECTI parameters. An ECTI shape parameter was calculated based on deviation from the linear geometry (ΔLinearity) seen in normal mucosa was measured using MPAM-SHGM and histology. The ECTI was readily visible in MPAM-SHGM and quantitative shape analysis showed ECTI deformation in dysplasia but not in normal mucosa. ΔLinearity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in dysplasia (0.41±0.24) than normal (0.11±0.04) as measured in MPAM-SHGM and results were confirmed in histology which showed similar trends in ΔLinearity. Increase in ΔLinearity was also statistically significant for different grades of dysplasia. In-vivo ΔLinearity measurement alone from microscopy discriminated dysplasia from normal tissue with 87.9% sensitivity and 97.6% specificity, while calculations from histology provided 96.4% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity. Among other quantifiable architectural changes, a progressive statistically significant increase in epithelial thickness was seen with increasing grade of dysplasia. MPAM-SHGM provides new noninvasive ways for direct characterization of ECTI which may be used in preclinical studies to investigate the role of this interface in early transformation. Further development of the method may also lead to new diagnostic approaches to differentiate non-neoplastic tissue from precancers and neoplasia, possibly with other cellular and layer based indicators of abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
| | - Jinping Yang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
| | - Daniel Ortiz
- Department of Radiology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, United States of America
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
| | - Vicente Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
| | - Susan McCammon
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States of America
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Abstract
The hamster species used as research models include the Syrian (golden), Mesocricetus auratus; the Chinese (striped-back), Cricetulus griseus; the Armenian (gray), C. migratorius; the European, Cricetus cricetus; and the Djungarian, Phodopus campbelli (Russian dwarf) and P. sungorus (Siberian dwarf). Hamsters are classified as members of the order Rodentia, suborder Myomorpha, superfamily Muroidea and in family Cricetidae. Animals in this family are characterized by large cheek pouches, thick bodies, short tails, and an excess of loose skin. They have incisors that erupt continuously and cuspidate molars that do not continue to grow ((I 1/1, C 0/0, PM 0/0, M 3/3) × 2 = 16). In 2010, it was reported that approximately 146,000 hamsters were used in research in the United States (United States Department of Agriculture, 2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Miedel
- University of Pennsylvania, University Laboratory Animal Resources, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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45
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Monti-Hughes A, Aromando RF, Pérez MA, Schwint AE, Itoiz ME. The hamster cheek pouch model for field cancerization studies. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:292-311. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Warner BM, Casto BC, Knobloch TJ, Accurso BT, Weghorst CM. Chemoprevention of oral cancer by topical application of black raspberries on high at-risk mucosa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:674-83. [PMID: 25457886 PMCID: PMC4254525 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the preclinical efficacy of topical administration of freeze-dried black raspberries (BRBs) to inhibit the progression of premalignant oral lesions and modulate biomarkers of cancer development in high at-risk mucosa (HARM). STUDY DESIGN Hamster cheek pouches (HCPs) were treated with carcinogen for 6 weeks to initiate a HARM microenvironment. Subsequently, right HCPs were topically administered a BRB suspension in short-term or long-term studies. After 12 weeks, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) multiplicity, SCC incidence, and cell proliferation rates were evaluated. mRNA expression was measured in short-term treated pouches for selected oral cancer biomarkers. RESULTS SCC multiplicity (-41.3%), tumor incidence (-37.1%), and proliferation rate (-6.9%) were reduced in HCPs receiving BRBs. Topical BRBs correlated with an increase in RB1 expression in developing oral lesions. CONCLUSIONS Topical BRBs inhibit SCC development when targeted to HARM tissues. These results support the translational role of BRBs to prevent oral cancer development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake M Warner
- University College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Dentistry The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Bruce C Casto
- University College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Knobloch
- University College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brent T Accurso
- College of Dentistry The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher M Weghorst
- University College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Fan Z, Li W, Lee SR, Meng Q, Shi B, Bunch TD, White KL, Kong IK, Wang Z. Efficient gene targeting in golden Syrian hamsters by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109755. [PMID: 25299451 PMCID: PMC4192357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The golden Syrian hamster is the model of choice or the only rodent model for studying many human diseases. However, the lack of gene targeting tools in hamsters severely limits their use in biomedical research. Here, we report the first successful application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to efficiently conduct gene targeting in hamsters. We designed five synthetic single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs)--three for targeting the coding sequences for different functional domains of the hamster STAT2 protein, one for KCNQ1, and one for PPP1R12C--and demonstrated that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is highly efficient in introducing site-specific mutations in hamster somatic cells. We then developed unique pronuclear (PN) and cytoplasmic injection protocols in hamsters and produced STAT2 knockout (KO) hamsters by injecting the sgRNA/Cas9, either in the form of plasmid or mRNA, targeting exon 4 of hamster STAT2. Among the produced hamsters, 14.3% and 88.9% harbored germline-transmitted STAT2 mutations from plasmid and mRNA injection, respectively. Notably, 10.4% of the animals produced from mRNA injection were biallelically targeted. This is the first success in conducting site-specific gene targeting in hamsters and can serve as the foundation for developing other genetically engineered hamster models for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Sang R. Lee
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Qinggang Meng
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Thomas D. Bunch
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kenneth L. White
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Auratus Bio, LLC., Canton, South Dakota, United States of America
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Baldasquin-Caceres B, Gomez-Garcia FJ, López-Jornet P, Castillo-Sanchez J, Vicente-Ortega V. Chemopreventive potential of phenolic compounds in oral carcinogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1101-7. [PMID: 25033381 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the chemopreventive potential of phenolic compounds - potassium apigenin, cocoa, catechins, eriocitrin and rosmarinic acid in oral carcinogenesis induced in hamsters by means of the topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene(DMBA). STUDY DESIGN An experimental study at the University of Murcia. METHODS 50 male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were divided into five groups of ten: Group I (control group): 0.5% DMBA; Group II: 0.5% DMBA+1.1mg/15ml potassium apigenin; Group III: 05% DMBA+2.5mg/15ml cocoa catechins; Group IV: 0.5% DMBA+6mg/15ml eriocitrin; Group V: 0.5% DMBA+1.3mg/15ml rosmarinic acid. The flavonoids were administered orally. All the animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical (PCNA and p53) analyses of the lesions were performed. RESULTS All the groups treated with phenolic compounds showed lower incidences of tumour, greater differentiation and lower scores in the tumour invasion front grading system in comparison with the control group. Potassium apigenin and rosmarinic acid achieved the best results, the former considerably reduced the carcinoma tumour volumes developed and both significantly reduced the intensity and aggression of the tumours. Immunoexpression of PCNA and p53 were significantly altered during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Animals treated with phenolic compounds, particularly potassium apigenin and rosmarinic acid, showed a lower incidence of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Baldasquin-Caceres
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Gomez-Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - P López-Jornet
- Oral Medicine Ageing Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - J Castillo-Sanchez
- I+D+I Nutrafur SA Murcia Spain Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - V Vicente-Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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The promoting effect of carbamide peroxide teeth bleaching gel in a preclinical model of head and neck cancer in hamster buccal pouch. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 7:210-5. [PMID: 25177438 PMCID: PMC4135158 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2014.7.3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to verify the promoting effect of carbamide peroxide on dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced carcinogenesis in the hamster buccal pouch, in order to reduce the period of latency for tumor formation. Methods Sixteen hamsters were randomized into two groups of eight animals each. The hamsters of the group I had their right buccal pouches treated with 0.5% DMBA and 10% carbamide peroxide teeth bleaching gel for 55 days. The animals of the group II had their right pouches treated only with DMBA. After, six animals of each group had their pouches prepared for light microscopy. Histomorphometry was performed to assess the presence of keratinization, nuclear polymorphism, pattern of invasion, number of blood vessels, and inflammatory infiltrate in the tumor front. Furthermore, the newly formed lesions were graded according the Bryne's grading system. The remaining animals had the vascular system of the pouches casted by Mercox and qualitatively analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Results Histopathological analysis of the buccal pouches treated with DMBA and carbamide peroxide exhibited formation of squamous cell carcinoma well-differentiated with a high degree of malignancy in all pouches. The development of this neoplasm was associated with a significant increase in the number of blood vessels, presence of keratin pearls, and inflammatory infiltrate. The pouches of the group II showed inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma in only three right pouches. The analysis of the electron micrographs of the pouches chemically inducted with DBMA and carbamide peroxide reveled formation of a new vascular network characteristic of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion The protocol presented here, using DMBA associated with carbamide peroxide, shortens the period of latency to produce squamous cell carcinoma in the hamster buccal pouch, decreasing the time and costs of the experiments.
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Hosthor SS, Mahesh P, Priya SA, Sharada P, Jyotsna M, Chitra S. Quantitative analysis of serum levels of trace elements in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A randomized cross-sectional study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 18:46-51. [PMID: 24959037 PMCID: PMC4065448 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.131902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Metabolic disorders, oral precancerous conditions and oral cancer are accompanied by alterations in the concentration of one or more trace elements like copper, iron, zinc, magnesium etc., in some body fluids, especially blood serum or plasma, which can help not only in the early diagnosis and treatment but also in prognosis. The objective of the study is to evaluate the levels of circulating trace elements (copper, iron, magnesium, zinc and calcium) in serum of patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), to analyze the alteration and identify the best predictors amongst these parameters for disease occurrence and progression and their association with areca nut and betel quid chewing habits. Materials and Method: Serum levels of trace elements (copper, iron, magnesium, zinc and calcium) were estimated using electronic absorption colorimetric method. These levels were compared with controls and statistically evaluated using ANOVA and POST-HOC TUKEY tests. Results: The data analysis revealed that serum copper levels increased gradually from precancer to cancer, as the duration of betel quid chewing habit increased. However, serum iron, magnesium, zinc levels were decreased significantly in both the groups. Serum calcium levels were increased in the cancer group owing to bone resorption in the later stages of the disease, whereas it was close to normal in OSF patients. Among all the trace elements, the best predictor for occurrence of both the lesions was copper. Conclusion: The present study shows that the above trace elements may be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of OSF and OSCC. Betel quid and areca nut chewing habits are frequently associated with both disease states and may play a role in altering the serum levels of these trace elements. Concerted efforts would, therefore, help in early detection, management and monitoring the efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelatha S Hosthor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pushpalatha Mahesh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Amrith Educational and Cultural Society Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Anu Priya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Amrith Educational and Cultural Society Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P Sharada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Amrith Educational and Cultural Society Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Jyotsna
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Madha Dental College, Krundrathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Chitra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Amrith Educational and Cultural Society Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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