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Gan X, Luo X, Chen J, Fang W, Nie M, Lu H, Liu Y, Wang X. Ilicicolin C suppresses the progression of prostate cancer by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05026-9. [PMID: 38801644 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is a driving factor in the development of prostate cancer. Therefore, inhibiting the function of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is a strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Ilicicolin C is an ascochlorin derivative isolated from the coral-derived fungus Acremonium sclerotigenum GXIMD 02501. Which has anti-inflammatory activity, but its activity against prostate cancer has not yet been elucidated. MTT assay, plate clone-formation assay, flow cytometry and real-time cell analysis technology were used to detect the effects of ilicicolin C on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and migration of prostate cancer cells. Molecular docking software and surface plasmon resonance technology were used to analyze the interaction between ilicicolin C and PI3K/AKT proteins. Western blot assay was performed to examine the changes in protein expression. Finally, QikProp software was used to simulate the process of ilicicolin C in vivo, and a zebrafish xenograft model was used to further verify the anti-prostate cancer activity of ilicicolin C in vivo. Ilicicolin C showed cytotoxic effects on prostate cancer cells, with the most significant effect on PC-3 cells. Ilicicolin C inhibited proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells. It could also block the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In addition, ilicicolin C could bind to PI3K/AKT proteins. Furthermore, ilicicolin C inhibited the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins and could also regulate the expression of downstream proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the calculations speculated that ilicicolin C was well absorbed orally, and the zebrafish xenograft model confirmed the in vivo anti-prostate cancer effect of ilicicolin C. Ilicicolin C emerges as a promising marine compound capable of inducing apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by counteracting the aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, suggesting that ilicicolin C may be a viable candidate for anti-prostate cancer drug development. These findings highlight the potential of ilicicolin C against prostate cancer and shed light on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gan
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jingqin Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Wenxuan Fang
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Mingyi Nie
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Humu Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Xueni Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
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Zhang L, Li W, Chen X, Cao D, You S, Shi F, Luo Z, Li H, Zeng X, Song Y, Li N, Akimoto Y, Rui G, Chen Y, Wu Z, Xu R. Morusin inhibits breast cancer-induced osteolysis by decreasing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-mTOR signalling. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110968. [PMID: 38522564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastases caused by breast cancer pose a major challenge to the successful treatment of breast cancer patients. Many researchers have suggested that herbal medicines are extremely effective at preventing and treating cancer-associated osteolysis. Previous studies have revealed that Morusin (MOR) is cytotoxic to many cancer cells ex vivo. Nevertheless, how MOR contributes to osteolysis induced by breast cancer is still unknown, and the potential mechanism of action against osteolysis is worthy of further study. The protective effect and molecular mechanism of MOR in inhibiting breast cancer cell-induced osteolysis were verified by experiments and network pharmacology. Cell function was assessed by cell proliferation, osteoclast (OC) formation, bone resorption, and phalloidin staining. Tumour growth was examined by micro-CT scanning in vivo. To identify potential MOR treatments, the active ingredient-target pathway of breast cancer was screened using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. This study is the first to report that MOR can prevent osteolysis induced by breast cancer cells. Specifically, our results revealed that MOR inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and restrains the proliferation, invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cells through restraining the PI3K/AKT/MTOR signalling pathway. Notably, MOR prevented bone loss caused by breast cancer cell-induced osteolysis in vivo, indicating that MOR inhibited the development of OCs and the resorption of bone, which are essential for cancer cell-associated bone distraction. This study showed that MOR treatment inhibited osteolysis induced by breast cancer in vivo. MOR inhibited OC differentiation and bone resorption ex vivo and in vivo and might be a potential drug candidate for treating breast cancer-induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Weibin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine of Xiamen, The Cancer Centre and the Department of Breast-Thyroid Surgery, Xiang' an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Dongmin Cao
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528437, China
| | - Siyuan You
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Fan Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Zhengqiong Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiangchen Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yabin Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | | | - Gang Rui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Zuoxing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Ren Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine of Xiamen, The Cancer Centre and the Department of Breast-Thyroid Surgery, Xiang' an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Pires EG, Ferreira CR, Cavalcante RB, de Aguiar MCF, Mesquita RA, Alves PM, Nonaka CFW. Immunoexpression of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Salivary Gland Tumors: An Exploratory Study. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:589-598. [PMID: 37118353 PMCID: PMC10513970 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a cellular survival mechanism involved in several human diseases, but its participation in the development of salivary gland tumors is not fully understood. This study investigated the immunoexpression of autophagy-related proteins (autophagy-related 7 [Atg7], microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3A [LC3A], microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B [LC3B], protein p62 [p62], and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin [p-mTOR]) in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands. METHODS Twenty PAs, 20 PACs, 20 MECs, and 14 ACCs were selected. The percentages of cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity for autophagy-related proteins in neoplastic cells were assessed and correlated with histopathological parameters. RESULTS Cytoplasmic immunoexpression of Atg7 was observed in all groups, with high median percentages of positivity. Regarding LC3A and LC3B, cytoplasmic immunoexpression was found in most PACs (95%) and in all cases of PA, MEC and ACC, with the highest percentages of positivity in PACs and PAs (p < 0.005). ACCs exhibited lower cytoplasmic immunoexpression of p-mTOR (p < 0.005) and lower nuclear expression of p62 (p < 0.05) when compared to PAs, PACs and MECs. Low nuclear immunoexpression of Atg7, LC3A and p-mTOR and absence of nuclear staining for LC3B were observed in all groups. Regarding histopathological parameters of PAs, MECs and ACCs, there were no significant differences in the expression of autophagy-related proteins. In all groups, positive correlations were observed between the immunoexpression of some autophagy-related proteins (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the participation of autophagy in the pathogenesis of PA, PAC, MEC, and ACC of salivary glands. Upregulation of autophagy and reduced nuclear translocation of p62 may contribute to the aggressive biological behavior of salivary gland ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuene Galdino Pires
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Cássia Ferreira de Aguiar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pollianna Muniz Alves
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua Baraúnas, 351 - Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, CEP 58429-500, Brasil.
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Dogan S, Xu B, Rana S, Chen H, Ghossein RA, Berger MF, Ho AL, Katabi N. Loss of CDKN2A/B is a Molecular Marker of High-grade Histology and is Associated with Aggressive Behavior in Acinic Cell Carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100150. [PMID: 36841437 PMCID: PMC10447625 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) is a rare salivary gland cancer with excellent prognosis in most cases. However, a subset of patients will develop distant metastasis and die of disease. Recently, a 2-tiered grading scheme in AciCC was proposed to recognize patients at risk of poor outcome. We performed a genetic analysis of AciCC to explore the underlying molecular correlates of the tumor grade and examined programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression to identify potential candidates for immunotherapy. A retrospective cohort of 55 patients included 34 high-grade (HG) and 21 low-grade AciCCs. Forty-three cases were subjected to targeted exome sequencing by Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry was performed in 33 cases. Tumor mutation burden was low with a median of 1 and 2 mutations in low-grade and HG AciCCs, respectively. CDKN2A/B was the most frequently altered gene, and loss-of-function mutations were found only in HG but not in low-grade AciCCs (18/31 [58.1%] vs 0/12 [0%], P < .001). CDKN2A/B alterations were significantly associated with distant metastasis, which occurred in 16/18 (88.9%) CDKN2A/B mutants versus 11/25 (44%) wild-type cases (P = .004, Fisher exact test). Sequential profiling of multiple temporally distant samples from the same patient demonstrated intratumor heterogeneity, including the detection of CDKN2A/B deletion in the second, in HG metastasis only. ATM and PTEN mutations were detected in 6/31 (19.4%) and 5/31 (16.1%); ARID2, BIRC3, and FBXW7 mutations each in 4/31 (12.9%); and TP53, MTAP, and FAT1 each in 3/31 (9.7%) HG AciCC. PD-L1-positive labeling was more common in HG AciCC (9/17, 52.9% vs 3/16, 18.9%, P = .071). CDKN2A/B mutations in AciCC represent a molecular marker of HG histology and disease progression, providing a rationale for further studies to determine their prognostic and therapeutic significance in this salivary gland cancer. AciCC with ATM mutations may be amenable to targeted therapy. Immunotherapy can be considered to be a treatment option for a subset of patients with AciCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Satshil Rana
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ronald A Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alan L Ho
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Dumitru CȘ, Balica NC. Subglottotracheal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in a 16-Year-Old Female-A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1140. [PMID: 37374345 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Cystic adenoid carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant epithelial tumor arising from exocrine glands and accounts for only 1% of head and neck cancers. ACCs are common in the fifth and sixth decades of life, predominantly in women, and characterized by slow progression, local aggression, recurrence, and high metastasis. Subglottotracheal ACC is a rare tumor in the pediatric population, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a 16-year-old female who was diagnosed with ACC in the subglottic and tracheal region. The patient presented with respiratory failure but without a history of dysphonia, dyspnea, stridor, or dysphagia. The diagnosis was confirmed by a biopsy, and subsequent imaging studies showed a large tumor involving the subglottic and tracheal region. The therapeutic management of this patient has been challenging due to the rarity of this tumor in the pediatric population and the potential long-term complications associated with tumor recurrence and psychological impact. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the management of subglottotracheal ACC in children and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ștefania Dumitru
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sq. EftimieMurgu No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicolae Constantin Balica
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Hipkaeo W, Kondo H. Localization of phospholipid-related signal molecules in salivary glands of rodents: A review. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:146-155. [PMID: 37061129 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 1950s, Hokin conducted initial studies on phosphoinositide turnover/cycle in salivary glandular cells. From these studies, the idea emerged that receptor-mediated changes in intramembranous levels of phosphoinositides represent an early step in the stimulus-response pathway. Based on this idea and the general view that knowledge of the exact localization of a given endogenous molecule in cells in situ is important for understanding its functional significance, we have reviewed available information about the localization of several representative phosphoinositide-signaling molecules in the salivary glands in situ in mice. HIGHLIGHT We focused on phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate 5-kinase α, β, γ, phospholipase Cβ, muscarinic cholinoceptors 1 and 3, diacylglycerol kinase ζ, phospholipase D1 and 2, ADP-ribosylation factor 6 and its exchange factors for Arf6, and cannabinoid receptors. These molecules individually exhibit differential localization in a spatiotemporal manner in the exocrine glands, making it possible to deduce their functional significance, such as their involvement in secretion and cell differentiation. CONCLUSION Although phosphoinositide-signaling molecules whose in situ localization in glandular cells has been clarified are still limited, the obtained information on their localization suggests that their functional significance is more valuable in glandular ducts than in acini. It thus suggests the necessity of greater attention to the ducts in their physio-pharmacological analyses. The purpose of this review is to encourage more in situ localization studies of phosphoinositide-signaling molecules with an aim to further understand their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of salivary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, JAPAN
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Bahmad HF, Elhammady G, Gass JM, Paramo JC, Poppiti R, Alexis J. PIK3R1, HRAS and AR Gene Alterations Associated with Sclerosing Polycystic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:954-962. [PMID: 36826006 PMCID: PMC9955459 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA) is a rare neoplasm occurring in the salivary glands, mainly the parotid gland. Although it was originally thought to represent a non-neoplastic process, recent genetic data have proven its monoclonality, supporting its neoplastic origin. We report a case of a 73-year-old woman who presented with left neck swelling and pain. A 3 cm hypoechoic, heterogeneous, solid mass was identified on neck ultrasonography within the left parotid gland. Fine needle aspiration revealed benign acinar cells and lymphocytes. Left partial superficial parotidectomy was performed and a diagnosis of SPA was made. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed three clinically significant alterations in the PIK3R1, HRAS, and AR genes. Alterations in the PIK3R1 gene have been previously reported in cases of SPA; however, this study is the first to report two novel clinically significant genomic alterations in the HRAS and AR genes. AR protein expression by immunohistochemistry was strongly and diffusely positive in the neoplastic epithelial cells compared to the adjacent normal salivary gland tissue, which was dead negative for AR. This molecular profile will enhance our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying the development of this tumor. Although this entity was initially thought to be a reactive process, evidence from our case and similar cases strongly support the notion that it is neoplastic due to the presence of specific genetic alterations linked to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F. Bahmad
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-305-674-2277
| | - Gina Elhammady
- Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Gass
- Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
| | - Juan C. Paramo
- Department of General Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - John Alexis
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Anifowose SO, Alqahtani WSN, Al-Dahmash BA, Sasse F, Jalouli M, Aboul-Soud MAM, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Elnakady YA. Efforts in Bioprospecting Research: A Survey of Novel Anticancer Phytochemicals Reported in the Last Decade. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238307. [PMID: 36500400 PMCID: PMC9738008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprospecting natural products to find prominent agents for medical application is an area of scientific endeavor that has produced many clinically used bioactive compounds, including anticancer agents. These compounds come from plants, microorganisms, and marine life. They are so-called secondary metabolites that are important for a species to survive in the hostile environment of its respective ecosystem. The kingdom of Plantae has been an important source of traditional medicine in the past and is also enormously used today as an exquisite reservoir for detecting novel bioactive compounds that are potent against hard-to-treat maladies such as cancer. Cancer therapies, especially chemotherapies, are fraught with many factors that are difficult to manage, such as drug resistance, adverse side effects, less selectivity, complexity, etc. Here, we report the results of an exploration of the databases of PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for bioactive anticancer phytochemicals published between 2010 and 2020. Our report is restricted to new compounds with strong-to-moderate bioactivity potential for which mass spectroscopic structural data are available. Each of the phytochemicals reported in this review was assigned to chemical classes with peculiar anticancer properties. In our survey, we found anticancer phytochemicals that are reported to have selective toxicity against cancer cells, to sensitize MDR cancer cells, and to have multitarget effects in several signaling pathways. Surprisingly, many of these compounds have limited follow-up studies. Detailed investigations into the synthesis of more functional derivatives, chemical genetics, and the clinical relevance of these compounds are required to achieve safer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed O. Anifowose
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11415, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan S. N. Alqahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11415, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr A. Al-Dahmash
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11415, Saudi Arabia
| | - Florenz Sasse
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maroua Jalouli
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasser A. Elnakady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11415, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Ramasubbu K, Devi Rajeswari V. A novel target approach for epithelial-mesenchymal transitioning oral squamous cell carcinoma and their involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Hedgehog signaling pathway. Oral Oncol 2022; 134:106119. [PMID: 36108525 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanagavalli Ramasubbu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Mueller SK, Haderlein M, Lettmaier S, Agaimy A, Haller F, Hecht M, Fietkau R, Iro H, Mantsopoulos K. Targeted Therapy, Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy and Novel Treatment Options for Different Subtypes of Salivary Gland Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:720. [PMID: 35160172 PMCID: PMC8836387 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection remains the first line treatment for salivary gland cancer (SGC). In the case of locally advanced disease, surgery is followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Surgical resection should be favored in resectable locoregional recurrent disease as well, and even the complete resection of all distant oligometastases has clinical benefit for the patients. For inoperable and disseminated metastatic disease, a multitude of systemic therapies including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are available. In this review, the current therapeutic options for inoperable recurrent or metastatic SGCs are summarized. Systemic treatment can achieve prolonged progression-free and overall survival, while the overall prognosis remains poor. Current clinical trials include only a limited number of patients and mostly combine different histologic subtypes. Additionally, no randomized controlled trial comparing different therapeutic options has been performed. In the future, further studies with a larger patient cohort and ideally only one histologic subtype are needed in order to improve the outcome for SGC patients. However, this may be difficult to accomplish due to the rarity and diversity of the disease. Additionally, molecular analyses need to be performed routinely in order to individualize treatment and to go one step further towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina K. Mueller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.I.); (K.M.)
- Working Group Salivary Glands and Thyroid Glands, Germany Otolaryngologic Society, Head and Neck Surgery, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
| | - Marlen Haderlein
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lettmaier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Florian Haller
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Markus Hecht
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Iro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.I.); (K.M.)
- Working Group Salivary Glands and Thyroid Glands, Germany Otolaryngologic Society, Head and Neck Surgery, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
| | - Konstantinos Mantsopoulos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.I.); (K.M.)
- Working Group Salivary Glands and Thyroid Glands, Germany Otolaryngologic Society, Head and Neck Surgery, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
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11
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Survival of salivary gland cancer stem cells requires mTOR signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:108. [PMID: 33479203 PMCID: PMC7820616 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a relentless cancer that exhibits resistance to conventional chemotherapy. As such, treatment for patients with advanced MEC is tipically radical surgery and radiotherapy. Facial disfigurement and poor quality of life are frequent treatment challenges, and many patients succumb to loco-regional recurrence and/or metastasis. We know that cancer stem-like cells (CSC) drive MEC tumorigenesis. The current study tests the hypothesis that MEC CSC are sensitive to therapeutic inhibition of mTOR. Here, we report a correlation between the long-term clinical outcomes of 17 MEC patients and the intratumoral expression of p-mTOR (p = 0.00294) and p-S6K1 (p = 0.00357). In vitro, we observed that MEC CSC exhibit constitutive activation of the mTOR signaling pathway (i.e., mTOR, AKT, and S6K1), unveiling a potential strategy for targeted ablation of these cells. Using a panel of inhibitors of the mTOR pathway, i.e., rapamycin and temsirolimus (mTOR inhibitors), buparlisib and LY294002 (AKT inhibitors), and PF4708671 (S6K1 inhibitor), we observed consistently dose-dependent decrease in the fraction of CSC, as well as inhibition of secondary sphere formation and self-renewal in three human MEC cell lines (UM-HMC-1,-3A,-3B). Notably, therapeutic inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin or temsirolimus induced preferential apoptosis of CSC, when compared to bulk tumor cells. In contrast, conventional chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin, paclitaxel) induced preferential apoptosis of bulk tumor cells and accumulation of CSC. In vivo, therapeutic inhibition of mTOR with temsirolimus caused ablation of CSC and downregulation of Bmi-1 expression (major inducer of stem cell self-renewal) in MEC xenografts. Transplantation of MEC cells genetically silenced for mTOR into immunodeficient mice corroborated the results obtained with temsirolimus. Collectively, these data demonstrated that mTOR signaling is required for CSC survival, and unveiled the therapeutic potential of targeting the mTOR pathway for elimination of highly tumorigenic cancer stem-like cells in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
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12
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Taghizadeh H, Müllauer L, Mader RM, Füreder T, Prager GW. Molecularly guided treatment of metastatic parotid gland carcinoma in adults. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 133:32-40. [PMID: 33296026 PMCID: PMC7840637 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Advanced therapy-refractory parotid gland carcinomas have a poor prognosis with limited therapy options. We used molecular profiling to offer molecular guided therapies to patients with advanced metastatic parotid gland malignancies. Methods In this retrospective analysis we describe the molecular profiling of ten patients diagnosed with therapy-refractory metastatic parotid gland malignancies. Results We identified seven genetic aberrations in five patients: two mutations in CDKN2A and one mutation in APC, ATM, TP53, SMARCB1 and FGFR1, respectively. No mutations were detected in five patients. The IHC demonstrated frequent expressions of EGFR and p‑mTOR, as well as PTEN in eight patients. For four fifths (n = 8) of the patients, a targeted therapy was suggested. Eventually, three patients received the targeted therapy recommendation and one patient achieved stable disease for 14 months. Conclusion A total of eight therapy recommendations were provided. Based on our observations, molecular-guided therapies may be a feasible treatment approach for this rare disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Taghizadeh
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Müllauer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert M Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Füreder
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald W Prager
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Zhou A, Hong Y, Lv Y. Sulforaphane Attenuates Endometriosis in Rat Models Through Inhibiting PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819855538. [PMID: 31217757 PMCID: PMC6560806 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819855538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane exerts anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory diseases. The endometriosis (EM) is accompanied by chronic inflammation. The present study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of sulforaphane on EM and its underlying mechanism. An EM rat model was established by transplantation of autologous fragments. The rats were intragastrically administered sulforaphane (5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. The volumes of endometriotic foci and adhesion score were calculated at the end of the experiment. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of VEGF, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2), Bax, cleaved caspase-3, PI3K, and Akt in endometrial tissue were determined by Western blotting. Relative expressions of PI3K and Akt were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Posttreatment of sulforaphane dose-dependently decreased the volumes of endometriotic foci and adhesion score in EM model. Additionally, posttreatment of sulforaphane inhibited levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and VEGF in peritoneal fluid and plasma. Posttreatment of sulforaphane regulated the expressions of VEGF, bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved Caspase-3 in EM model. The underlying mechanism revealed that sulforaphane attenuated EM in the rat model by inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixiu Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiting Hong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Lv
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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14
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Sakai M, Fukumoto M, Ikai K, Ono Minagi H, Inagaki S, Kogo M, Sakai T. Role of the mTOR signalling pathway in salivary gland development. FEBS J 2019; 286:3701-3717. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Osaka University Dental Hospital Suita Japan
| | - Moe Fukumoto
- Department of Cell Biology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute Suita Japan
| | - Kazuki Ikai
- Department of Oral‐facial Disorders Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Suita Japan
| | - Hitomi Ono Minagi
- Department of Oral‐facial Disorders Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Suita Japan
| | - Shinobu Inagaki
- Department of Child Development & Molecular Brain Science Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development Suita Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Suita Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral‐facial Disorders Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Suita Japan
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15
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Lubin D, Song S, Zafar HM, Baloch Z. The key radiologic and cytomorphologic features of oncocytic and oncocytoid lesions of the salivary gland. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47:617-636. [PMID: 30912629 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncocytic and oncocytoid lesions represent a distinct subset of salivary gland lesions. True oncocytic lesions of the salivary gland are entirely composed of oncocytes. These are characterized by the presence of abundant eosinophilic granules due to the presence of abundant cytoplasmic mitochondria. Oncocytic lesions of the salivary gland include oncocytosis, oncocytoma, and oncocytic carcinoma. In addition to the true oncocytic lesion, there exists another group of salivary gland lesions, which demonstrate cells with abundant and occasionally granular cytoplasm. These are often termed as "oncocytoid" lesions. The recently proposed Milan System for reporting salivary gland cytology clearly states that fine-needle aspiration specimens representing oncocytic/oncocytoid lesions of salivary gland cannot effectively distinguish between a nonneoplastic lesion, benign and malignant neoplasms. Therefore, most lesions lacking classic cytomorphologic features will be classified under the umbrella diagnostic term of "Salivary Gland Neoplasm of Uncertain Malignant Potential" (SUMP). In this review, we discuss and illustrate key clinicopathologic and radiologic features that can help the practicing cytopathologist narrow down the differential and provide the best management based diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lubin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon Song
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanna M Zafar
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zubair Baloch
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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16
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Fiedler M, Renner P, Schubert J, Weber F, Hartmann A, Iro H, Vielsmeier V, Bohr C, Gerken M, Reichert TE, Ettl T. Predictive value of FHIT, p27, and pERK1/ERK2 in salivary gland carcinomas: a retrospective study. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3801-3809. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Muñoz-Cordero MG, López F, García-Inclán C, López-Hernández A, Potes-Ares S, Fernández-Vañes L, Llorente JL, Hermsen M. Predictive Value of EGFR-PI3K-pAKT-mTOR-pS6 Pathway in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinomas. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Cao Y, Liu H, Xia SL, Zhang X, Bai H, Yang Q, Li J, Gao L, Jin F, Wei MJ, Lu SL, Xiao J. PTEN downregulates WD repeat‑containing protein 66 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:1827-1836. [PMID: 30569117 PMCID: PMC6365686 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is one of the most common types of salivary gland cancer that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite the substantial health burden of SACC, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression remain poorly understood. We previously reported the loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression to be common among SACC tumors, and the PTEN deficiency to be correlated with enrichment of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes based on expression array analysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate further the functional function of WD repeat-containing protein 66 (WDR66), one of the enriched EMT genes, in the context of PTEN deficiency and SACC pathogenesis. WDR66 was identified to be required to maintain the EMT phenotype and the expression of cancer stem cell genes in the context of PTEN deficiency. Furthermore, knockdown of WDR66 decreased cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. Finally, WDR66 expression was identified to be inversely associated with PTEN expression and negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with SACC. Collectively, the results of the present study revealed a novel function of WDR66 in mediating the progression of PTEN-deficient SACCs, thereby suggesting WDR66 inhibition to be a potential therapeutic approach towards successful management of SACC disease progression, particularly against tumors with decreased PTEN expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Lin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Han Bai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Min-Jie Wei
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Song X, Zhang M, Dai E, Luo Y. Molecular targets of curcumin in breast cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:23-29. [PMID: 30483727 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an orange‑yellow component of turmeric or curry powder, is a polyphenol natural product isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. For centuries, curcumin has been used in medicinal preparations and as a food colorant. In recent years, extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that curcumin possesses activity against cancer, viral infection, arthritis, amyloid aggregation, oxidation and inflammation. Curcumin exerts anticancer effects primarily by activating apoptotic pathways in cancer cells and inhibiting pro‑cancer processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Curcumin targets numerous signaling pathways associated with cancer therapy, including pathways mediated by p53, Ras, phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase, protein kinase B, Wnt‑β catenin and mammalian target of rapamycin. Clinical studies have demonstrated that curcumin alone or combined with other drugs exhibits promising anticancer activity in patients with breast cancer without adverse effects. In the present review, the chemistry and bioavailability of curcumin and its molecular targets in breast cancer are discussed. Future research directions are discussed to further understand this promising natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P.R. China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Hospital Attached to Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P.R. China
| | - Erqin Dai
- Hospital Attached to Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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Muñoz-Cordero MG, López F, García-Inclán C, López-Hernández A, Potes-Ares S, Fernández-Vañes L, Llorente JL, Hermsen M. Predictive value of EGFR-PI3K-pAKT-mTOR-pS6 pathway in sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2018; 70:16-24. [PMID: 29573781 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We have previously indicated that EGFR has a role in carcinogenesis in a subgroup of sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCC). In addition, EGFR activates 2 of the most important intracellular signalling pathways: PI3K/pAKT/mTOR/pS6 and MAP pathway kinases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of the EGFR/PI3K/pAKT/mTOR/pS6 pathway and its relationship with clinical-pathological parameters and follow-up of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of different components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/pS6 pathway and its relationship with various clinical-pathological parameters was studied in a series of 54 patients with SNSCC. RESULTS Loss of PTEN expression was observed in 33/54 cases (61%) and pAKT, mTOR and pS6 pre-expression was observed in 19/54 cases (35%), 8/54 cases (15%), and 47/54 cases (87%), respectively. Loss of PTEN expression was related to intracranial invasion and development of regional metastases (p=0.005). Overexpression of pS6 was associated with a decrease in survival (p=0.008), presence of local recurrences (p=0.055), and worsening of overall prognosis (p=0.007). No significant relationships were observed between pAKT and mTOR expression and the clinicopathological parameters studied. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the expression of EGFR/PI3K/pAKT/mTOR/pS6 pathway components are common in a subgroup of SNSCC. This study reveals that the absence of pS6 overexpression is associated with better clinical outcomes. Therefore, pS6 expression could be considered as an unfavourable prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Muñoz-Cordero
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - Fernando López
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España.
| | - Cristina García-Inclán
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - Alejandro López-Hernández
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - Sira Potes-Ares
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - Laura Fernández-Vañes
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - José Luis Llorente
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
| | - Mario Hermsen
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Oviedo (Asturias), España
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Alamri AM, Liu X, Blancato JK, Haddad BR, Wang W, Zhong X, Choudhary S, Krawczyk E, Kallakury BV, Davidson BJ, Furth PA. Expanding primary cells from mucoepidermoid and other salivary gland neoplasms for genetic and chemosensitivity testing. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm031716. [PMID: 29419396 PMCID: PMC5818080 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Restricted availability of cell and animal models is a rate-limiting step for investigation of salivary gland neoplasm pathophysiology and therapeutic response. Conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) technology enables establishment of primary epithelial cell cultures from patient material. This study tested a translational workflow for acquisition, expansion and testing of CRC-derived primary cultures of salivary gland neoplasms from patients presenting to an academic surgical practice. Results showed that cultured cells were sufficient for epithelial cell-specific transcriptome characterization to detect candidate therapeutic pathways and fusion genes, and for screening for cancer risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and driver gene mutations through exome sequencing. Focused study of primary cultures of a low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma demonstrated amphiregulin-mechanistic target of rapamycin-protein kinase B (AKT; AKT1) pathway activation, identified through bioinformatics and subsequently confirmed as present in primary tissue and preserved through different secondary 2D and 3D culture media and xenografts. Candidate therapeutic testing showed that the allosteric AKT inhibitor MK2206 reproducibly inhibited cell survival across different culture formats. By contrast, the cells appeared resistant to the adenosine triphosphate competitive AKT inhibitor GSK690693. Procedures employed here illustrate an approach for reproducibly obtaining material for pathophysiological studies of salivary gland neoplasms, and other less common epithelial cancer types, that can be executed without compromising pathological examination of patient specimens. The approach permits combined genetic and cell-based physiological and therapeutic investigations in addition to more traditional pathologic studies, and can be used to build sustainable bio-banks for future inquiries.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Alamri
- Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jan K Blancato
- Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bassem R Haddad
- Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bhaskar V Kallakury
- Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bruce J Davidson
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Priscilla A Furth
- Oncology and Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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22
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Abstract
Salivary gland cancers (SGCs), categorized as head and neck cancers (HNCs), constitute about 6% of head and neck cancer diagnoses based on estimate by American Head and Neck Society. Salivary gland tumors originate from different glandular cell types and are thus morphologically diverse. These tumors arise from any of the three major and various minor salivary glands. The incidence of SGCs has slowly increased during the last four decades. The etiology of SGCs is mostly unknown; however, specific gene mutations are associated with certain types of salivary tumors. Treatment options include surgical resection, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy, and multimodality therapy. HNC patients treated with RT often develop xerostomia and salivary hypofunction due to damaged salivary glands. In this review, we discuss etiology of SGCs, present findings on the role of autophagy in salivary tumorigenesis, review adverse effects of radiation treatment, and examine remedies for restoration of salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Helen Lin
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | | | - David K. Ann
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010
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23
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Shimura T, Tada Y, Hirai H, Kawakita D, Kano S, Tsukahara K, Shimizu A, Takase S, Imanishi Y, Ozawa H, Okami K, Sato Y, Sato Y, Fushimi C, Takahashi H, Okada T, Sato H, Otsuka K, Watanabe Y, Sakai A, Ebisumoto K, Togashi T, Ueki Y, Ota H, Ando M, Kohsaka S, Hanazawa T, Chazono H, Kadokura Y, Kobayashi H, Nagao T. Prognostic and histogenetic roles of gene alteration and the expression of key potentially actionable targets in salivary duct carcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1852-1867. [PMID: 29416736 PMCID: PMC5788604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular characteristics of therapeutically-relevant targets and their clinicopathological implications in salivary duct carcinomas (SDCs) are poorly understood. We investigated the gene alterations and the immunoexpression of crucial oncogenic molecules in 151 SDCs. The mutation rates that were identified, in order of frequency, were as follows: TP53, 68%; PIK3CA, 18%; H-RAS, 16%; BRAF, 4%; and AKT1, 1.5%. PIK3CA/H-RAS/BRAF mutations were more common in de novo SDC than in SDC ex-pleomorphic adenoma. Furthermore, these mutations were mutually exclusive for HER2 overexpression/amplification. TP53 mutations were frequently detected in cases with the aberrant p53 expression, and TP53 missense and truncating mutations were associated with p53-extreme positivity and negativity, respectively. DISH analysis revealed no cases of EGFR amplification. The rates of PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR positivity were 34%, 22%, and 66%, respectively; PTEN loss was observed in 47% of the cases. These expressions were correlated according to the signaling axis. Cases with PI3K negativity and PTEN loss appeared to show a lower expression of androgen receptor. In the multivariate analysis, patients with SDC harboring TP53 truncating mutations showed shorter progression-free survival. Conversely, p-Akt positivity was associated with a favorable outcome. This study might provide information that leads to advances in personized therapy for SDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Shimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hirai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kano
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Tsukahara
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Takase
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorihisa Imanishi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Okami
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sato
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Fushimi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuro Okada
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuninori Otsuka
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Koji Ebisumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takafumi Togashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yushi Ueki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Ota
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Department of Medical Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Hanazawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Chazono
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kadokura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitome Kobayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Wu Z, Liu B, Zheng X, Hou H, Li Y. Role of the PEBP4 protein in the development and metastasis of gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18177-18184. [PMID: 28193908 PMCID: PMC5392317 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) has previously been reported to be upregulated in various cancers. However, the physiological functions of PEBP4 in gastric cancer are still unknown. Aiming to clarify the properties and role of PEBP4 in the development and invasion of gastric cancer, we performed several biological assays and a knockdown assay. The expression level of PEBP4 was shown to be significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissue samples, and knockdown of the expression of PEBP4 induced significant inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness. In addition, it was demonstrated that PEBP4 was associated with the development and invasion of gastric cancer cells through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our findings supported the hypothesis that PEBP4 might be a novel potential drug target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemin Zheng
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijing Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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25
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Said-Al-Naief N, Carlos R, Vance GH, Miller C, Edwards PC. Combined DOG1 and Mammaglobin Immunohistochemistry Is Comparable to ETV6-breakapart Analysis for Differentiating Between Papillary Cystic Variants of Acinic Cell Carcinoma and Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 25:127-140. [PMID: 27670353 DOI: 10.1177/1066896916670005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the reliability of combined DOG1 and mammaglobin immunohistochemistry compared with ETV6 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the assessment of salivary tumors previously diagnosed as acinic cell carcinoma (ACC). Ultrastructural features of cases reclassified as mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) were assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). METHODS Immunohistochemical (IHC) reactivity to DOG1 and mammaglobin was validated against FISH targeting the ETV6 gene in all 14 cases. RESULTS Three cases with papillary cystic histomorphology previously diagnosed as ACC were revised to MASC. TEM features of the ETV6 rearrangement-positive MASC cases showed large numbers of secretory granules with extrusion into the intercellular spaces, well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, lipid-laden vacuoles, well-formed microvilli, and large lining cystic spaces. CONCLUSIONS Combined DOG1 and mammaglobin immunohistochemistry is comparable to ETV6 -breakapart analysis for differentiating between papillary cystic variants of ACC and MASC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Carlos
- 2 Centro Clínico de Cabeza y Cuello/Hospital Herrera Llerandi, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Gail H Vance
- 3 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Caroline Miller
- 4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul C Edwards
- 5 Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology Indiana University School of DentistryIndianapolis, IN, USA
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26
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Ouyang DQ, Liang LZ, Ke ZF, Zheng GS, Weng DS, Yang WF, Su YX, Liao GQ. Association between high expression of phosphorylated Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin and improved survival in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Head Neck 2017; 39:1145-1154. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dai-qiao Ouyang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Li-zhong Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai Guangdong China
| | - Zun-fu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Guang-sen Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - De-sheng Weng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Wei-fa Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Yu-xiong Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Gui-qing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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27
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Cidlinsky N, Dogliotti G, Pukrop T, Jung R, Weber F, Krahn MP. Inactivation of the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway does not contribute to salivary gland tumor development - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:389-96. [PMID: 27480082 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of AMPK by the tumor suppressor LKB1 represents an essential gatekeeping step for cells under energetic stress to prevent their growth and proliferation by inhibiting mTOR activation, until the energy supply normalizes. The LKB1/AMPK pathway is frequently downregulated in various types of cancer, thereby uncoupling tumor cell growth and proliferation from energy supply. As yet, little information is available on the role of the LKB1/AMPK pathway in tumors derived from salivary gland tissues. METHODS We performed LKB1 protein expression and AMPK and mTOR activation analyses in several salivary gland tumor types and their respective healthy control tissues using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS No significant downregulation of LKB1 expression or decreased activation of AMPK or mTOR were observed in any of the salivary gland tumors tested. In contrast, we found that the salivary gland tumors exhibited an increased rather than a decreased AMPK activation. Although the PI3K/Akt pathway was found to be activated in most of the analyzed tumor samples, the unchanged robust activity of LKB1/AMPK likely prevents (over)activation of mTOR. CONCLUSION In contrast to many other types of cancer, inactivation or downregulation of the LKB1/AMPK pathway does not substantially contribute to the pathogenesis of salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Cidlinsky
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Giada Dogliotti
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Jung
- Institute for Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Institute for Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael P Krahn
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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28
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Chen B, Liang Y, He Z, An Y, Zhao W, Wu J. Autocrine activity of BDNF induced by the STAT3 signaling pathway causes prolonged TrkB activation and promotes human non-small-cell lung cancer proliferation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30404. [PMID: 27456333 PMCID: PMC4960652 DOI: 10.1038/srep30404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin superfamily, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the nervous system. Recently, several studies have suggested that BDNF and/or its receptor, tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB), are involved in tumor growth and metastasis in several cancers, including prostate cancer, neuroblastoma, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lung cancer. Despite the increasing emphasis on BDNF/TrkB signaling in human tumors, how it participates in primary tumors has not yet been determined. Additionally, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that elicit signaling downstream of TrkB in the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we report the significant expression of BDNF in NSCLC samples and show that BDNF stimulation increases the synthesis of BDNF itself through activation of STAT3 in lung cancer cells. The release of BDNF can in turn activate TrkB signaling. The activation of both TrkB and STAT3 contribute to downstream signaling and promote human non-small-cell lung cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, 7 Fengxian Road, Beijing 10089, China
| | - Yunhe An
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, 7 Fengxian Road, Beijing 10089, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianqing Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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29
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Diamanti S, Nikitakis N, Rassidakis G, Doulis I, Sklavounou A. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the mTOR pathway in intra-oral minor salivary gland neoplasms. Oral Dis 2016; 22:620-9. [PMID: 27177463 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of upstream and downstream molecules of the oncogenic mTOR signaling pathway in intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors (SGTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples consisted of 39 malignant and 13 benign minor SGTs, and 8 controls of normal minor salivary glands (NMSG). An immunohistochemical analysis for phosphorylated Akt, 4EBP1 and S6 (total and phosphorylated), and eIF4E was performed. RESULTS Expression of pAkt and 4EBP1 was observed in all SGTs and in most NMSG. p4EBP1 was detected in almost all SGT cases, NMSG being negative. S6 immunoreactivity was observed in 37.5% of NMSG, 92.3% of benign and 100% of malignant SGTs, while pS6 expression was observed in 77% of benign and 95% of malignant SGTs, but not in NMSG. Finally, eIF4E was expressed in 12.5% of NMSG, 69.2% of benign, and 76.9% of malignant tumors. All molecules studied had statistically significantly lower expression in NMSG compared with SGTs. Moreover, malignant neoplasms received higher scores compared with benign tumors for all molecules with the exception of eIF4E. CONCLUSION The mTOR signaling pathway is activated in SGTs, especially in malignancies. Therefore, the possible therapeutic role of targeting the mTOR pathway by rapamycin analogs in SGTs needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diamanti
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. , .,Oral Medicine Department, 251 General Air Force and VA Hospital, Athens, Greece. ,
| | - N Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Rassidakis
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pathology and Cytology, Carolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - I Doulis
- Oral Medicine Department, 251 General Air Force and VA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A Sklavounou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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30
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Gao R, Cai C, Gan J, Yang X, Shuang Z, Liu M, Li S, Tang H. miR-1236 down-regulates alpha-fetoprotein, thus causing PTEN accumulation, which inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway and malignant phenotype in hepatoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6014-28. [PMID: 25714026 PMCID: PMC4467418 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a clinical biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we found that miR-1236 is down-regulated, whereas AFP is highly expressed in HCC tissues and cells. We demonstrated that miR-1236 directly targets the 3′UTR of AFP and down-regulates its expression. Also, miR-1236 inhibited and AFP stimulated proliferation, migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of HCC. In agreement, AFP over-expression counteracted the inhibitory effect of miR-1236. We demonstrated that AFP promoted the ubiquitination of PTEN, thus decreasing PTEN levels, while miR-1236 inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunli Cai
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiancheng Gan
- Department of Surgery, Secondary Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zeyu Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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31
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Liu H, Du L, Wang R, Wei C, Liu B, Zhu L, Liu P, Liu Q, Li J, Lu SL, Xiao J. High frequency of loss of PTEN expression in human solid salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and its implication for targeted therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11477-91. [PMID: 25909167 PMCID: PMC4484470 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumor (SGT) is one of the least studied cancers due to its rarity and heterogeneous histological types. Here, we reported that loss of PTEN expression was most frequently found in the poorly differentiated, high grade solid adenoid cystic carcinomas. Loss of PTEN expression correlated with activation of mTOR by increased phosphorylated S6 ribosome protein. We further functionally studied the role of PTEN in a pair of human SACC cell lines, SACC-83 and SACC-LM. Reduced PTEN level was correlated with the metastasis potential. When we knocked down PTEN in the SACC-83 cell line, we observed increased proliferation and enhanced migration/invasion in vitro, and increased tumor size in vivo. We further tested the therapeutical effect by applying a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 to both SACC cell lines. Decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, as well as reduced cell migration/invasion were observed in both cell lines upon the NVP-BEZ235 treatment. Moreover, the NVP-BEZ235 treatment in a SGT xenograft mouse model significantly reduced primary tumor size and lung metastasis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that PTEN is a potent tumor suppressor in human SGTs, and targeting PI3K/mTOR pathway may be effective in the targeted therapy for human SGT patients with loss of PTEN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pixu Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Vander Poorten V, Triantafyllou A, Thompson LDR, Bishop J, Hauben E, Hunt J, Skalova A, Stenman G, Takes RP, Gnepp DR, Hellquist H, Wenig B, Bell D, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A. Salivary acinic cell carcinoma: reappraisal and update. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:3511-3531. [PMID: 26685679 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and clinicopathologic features, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis for acinic cell carcinoma of the major and minor salivary glands are critically reviewed. We explore histopathologic, histochemical, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical aspects and discuss histologic grading, histogenesis, animal models, and genetic events. In the context of possible diagnostic difficulties, the relationship to mammary analog secretory carcinoma is probed and a classification is suggested. Areas of controversy or uncertainty, which may benefit from further investigations, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Leuven Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology-Section Head and Neck Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - A Triantafyllou
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Pathology Department, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool, UK
| | - L D R Thompson
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills, CA, USA
| | - J Bishop
- Department of Pathology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Hauben
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Hunt
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Skalova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles, University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Stenman
- European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D R Gnepp
- University Pathologists, Fall River, MA, USA
| | - H Hellquist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - B Wenig
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Bell
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Rinaldo
- University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
| | - A Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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Ach T, Schwarz-Furlan S, Ach S, Agaimy A, Gerken M, Rohrmeier C, Zenk J, Iro H, Brockhoff G, Ettl T. Genomic aberrations of MDM2, MDM4, FGFR1 and FGFR3 are associated with poor outcome in patients with salivary gland cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:500-9. [PMID: 26661925 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and 3 (FGFR1, FGFR3) impact on tissue homoeostasis, embryonic development and carcinogenesis. Murine double minute protein 4 (MDM4) and mouse double minute 2 homologue (MDM2) are regulators of p53-protein and may be the origin of an apoptosis overpowering cascade. A collective of 266 carcinomas of salivary glands were investigated for MDM2, MDM4, FGFR1 and FGFR3 aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results were matched with clinicopathological parameters and with expression of PTEN and p53. MDM2 gene amplification (n = 9) and chromosomal aberrations (trisomy, n = 47; high polysomy, n = 7) are linked to high-grade malignancy (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), advanced tumour size (P = 0.013) and stage (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.002) and age (P = 0.001). MDM4 gene amplification (n = 19) and chromosomal aberrations (trisomy, n = 34; high polysomy, n = 31) are correlated to high-grade malignancy (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008), advanced tumour size (P = 0.039), stage (P = 0.004) and loss of PTEN (P < 0.001). Only, high-grade malignancy (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.036) and advanced tumour stage (P = 0.025) are associated with FGFR3 amplification (n = 1) or chromosomal aberrations (low polysomy, n = 61; high polysomy, n = 55) but not with MDM4 alterations. FGFR1 amplifications (n = 5) and chromosomal aberrations (trisomy, n = 38; high polysomy, n = 30) are associated with high-grade malignancy (P < 0.001), advanced tumour size (P = 0.026) and stage (P = 0.004), gender (P = 0.016) and age (P = 0.023). Aberrations of MDM2, MDM4, FGFR1 and FGFR3 correlate with aggressive tumour growth and nodal metastasis. MDM2 (P < 0.001), MDM4 (P = 0.005) and FGFR3 (P = 0.006) alterations are associated with worse overall survival of patients with salivary gland cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ach
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie Ach
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Department of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Gerken
- Center of Tumor Registry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Rohrmeier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Zenk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Iro
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Routila J, Mäkelä JA, Luukkaa H, Leivo I, Irjala H, Westermarck J, Mäkitie A, Ventelä S. Potential role for inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A tumor suppressor in salivary gland malignancies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:69-81. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Routila
- The Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Tykistökatu BioCity Turku FI-20521 Finland
| | - Juho-Antti Mäkelä
- Department of Physiology; University of Turku; Kiinamyllynkatu 10 Turku FI-20520 Finland
| | - Heikki Luukkaa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Turku University Hospital; Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8 Turku FI-20521 Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Department of Pathology; University of Turku; Kiinamyllynkatu 10 Turku FI-20520 Finland
| | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Turku University Hospital; Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8 Turku FI-20521 Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- The Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Tykistökatu BioCity Turku FI-20521 Finland
- Department of Pathology; University of Turku; Kiinamyllynkatu 10 Turku FI-20520 Finland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; HUCH Helsinki FI-00029 Finland
| | - Sami Ventelä
- The Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Tykistökatu BioCity Turku FI-20521 Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Turku University Hospital; Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8 Turku FI-20521 Finland
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Archewa P, Pata S, Chotjumlong P, Supanchart C, Krisanaprakornkit S, Iamaroon A. Akt2 and p-Akt overexpression in oral cancer cells is due to a reduced rate of protein degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8. [PMID: 26393327 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively measure the increased expression of Akt2 and its phosphorylated form (p-Akt) in oral cancer cell lines and investigate the post-translational mechanism for Akt2 and p-Akt overexpression. METHODS Three oral cancer cell lines and three cell lines of primary human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were cultured and the degrees of Akt2 and p-Akt expression was evaluated by immunoblot analysis and flow cytometry. Each cell line was incubated with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of new protein synthesis, for various times to quantitatively determine the remaining expression levels of Akt2 and p-Akt by flow cytometry. The localization of Akt2 and p-Akt was assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The levels of Akt2 and p-Akt proteins were significantly higher in cancer cell lines than those in HOKs (P < 0.05). When the new protein synthesis was blocked by cycloheximide treatment, the degradation rate of Akt2 and p-Akt in oral cancer cells was significantly lower than that in HOKs (P < 0.05). Both Akt2 and p-Akt were more intensely stained in the cytoplasm of cancer cells, whereas HOKs expressed Akt2 and p-Akt only minimally. CONCLUSION Both Akt2 and p-Akt were overexpressed in oral cancer cells, which may be partly explained by a reduced rate of protein degradation in order to maintain high cytosolic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakasit Archewa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supansa Pata
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pareena Chotjumlong
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anak Iamaroon
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Chen TC, Wu CT, Wang CP, Yang TL, Lou PJ, Ko JY, Chang YL. Significance of nuclear p-mTOR expression in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma with extracapsular extension of lymph node metastases. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:493-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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37
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Stenman G, Persson F, Andersson MK. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of new molecular biomarkers in salivary gland cancers. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:683-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Fok TC, Lapointe H, Tuck AB, Chambers AF, Jackson-Boeters L, Daley TD, Darling MR. Expression and localization of osteopontin, homing cell adhesion molecule/CD44, and integrin αvβ3 in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:320-9. [PMID: 25151586 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteopontin (OPN) plays a role in tumor progression. This study aimed to determine the expression of OPN, CD44, and integrin αvβ3 in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), acinic cell adenocarcinoma (ACA), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemistry was used to semiquantify the levels of expression of OPN and its receptors in normal salivary glands (NSG) (n = 20), PA (n = 20), ACA (n = 11), and MEC (n = 29). RESULTS OPN expression was increased in ACA and MEC compared with PA and NSG (median scores, 6, 6, 4, and 4, respectively). CD44 expression was increased in ACA and reduced in MEC and PA compared with NSG (median scores, 8, 4, 3, and 5, respectively). Integrin αvβ3 median scores were 5 in ACA, 1 in MEC, and 0 in PA and NSG. CONCLUSIONS OPN is expressed in salivary gland tumors and is at higher levels in ACA and MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Fok
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Resident, Division of Oral Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Lapointe
- Professor, Division of Oral Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - A B Tuck
- Professor, Department of Pathology and Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - A F Chambers
- Professor, Department of Pathology and Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Jackson-Boeters
- Medical Technologist, Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - T D Daley
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M R Darling
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Namboodiripad PA. A review: Immunological markers for malignant salivary gland tumors. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2014; 4:127-34. [PMID: 25737930 PMCID: PMC4252643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cancers are rare. Around 8 out of 10 salivary gland tumors (80%) are in the parotid. Just fewer than 2 out of 10 salivary gland cancers develop in the other two salivary glands - the submandibular or sublingual glands. Fewer than 1 in 10 cancers start in the minor salivary glands. There are many different types of salivary gland cancers. The most common is mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). Just over 3 out of 10 (25-35%) salivary gland cancers (SGT, SGC) are of this type. The others include adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), acinic cell carcinoma, carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (Ca-PA), polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) and some newly discovered salivary gland tumors. Because of the infrequency of salivary gland tumors and their complex histopathological diagnosis, it is difficult to exactly predict their clinical course by means of its recurrence, malignant progression or metastasis. Salivary gland tumors always pose problems in diagnosis. This review provides an insight into the recent concepts and immunohistochemical markers to diagnose the malignant salivary gland tumors (SGT), thus guiding the Ear, Nose and Throat specialists, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, General Pathologists and other medical and dental specialists thereby enabling them to make correct diagnosis and provide the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.C. Anila Namboodiripad
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PSM Dental College, Akkikav Post, Byepass Road, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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40
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Fury MG, Lee NY, Sherman E, Ho AL, Rao S, Heguy A, Shen R, Korte S, Lisa D, Ganly I, Patel S, Wong RJ, Shaha A, Shah J, Haque S, Katabi N, Pfister DG. A phase 1 study of everolimus + weekly cisplatin + intensity modulated radiation therapy in head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 87:479-86. [PMID: 24074921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated expression of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in histologically cancer-free margins of resected head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) is mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and has been associated with increased risk of disease recurrence. Preclinically, inhibition of mTORC1 with everolimus sensitizes cancer cells to cisplatin and radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS This was single-institution phase 1 study to establish the maximum tolerated dose of daily everolimus given with fixed dose cisplatin (30 mg/m(2) weekly × 6) and concurrent intensity modulated radiation therapy for patients with locally and/or regionally advanced head-and-neck cancer. The study had a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. RESULTS Tumor primary sites were oral cavity (4), salivary gland (4), oropharynx (2), nasopharynx (1), scalp (1), and neck node with occult primary (1). In 4 of 4 cases in which resected HNSCC surgical pathology specimens were available for immunohistochemistry, elevated expression of eIF4E was observed in the cancer-free margins. The most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse event was lymphopenia (92%), and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were mucositis (n=2) and failure to thrive (n=1). With a median follow up of 19.4 months, 2 patients have experienced recurrent disease. The maximum tolerated dose was everolimus 5 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS Head-and-neck cancer patients tolerated everolimus at therapeutic doses (5 mg/day) given with weekly cisplatin and intensity modulated radiation therapy. The regimen merits further evaluation, especially among patients who are status post resection of HNSCCs that harbor mTORC1-mediated activation of eIF4E in histologically negative surgical margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Fury
- Department of Medicine, Head and Neck Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Monteiro LS, Delgado ML, Ricardo S, Garcez F, Amaral BD, Warnakulasuriya S, Lopes C. Phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin is associated with an adverse outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:638-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Carlson J, Licitra L, Locati L, Raben D, Persson F, Stenman G. Salivary gland cancer: an update on present and emerging therapies. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2013:257-263. [PMID: 23714518 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2013.33.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Malignant salivary gland tumors make up a small proportion of malignancies worldwide, yet vary widely in terms of histology, patterns of spread, and recurrence. A better understanding of this variability will guide appropriate treatment recommendations and lead to improved outcomes. Recent molecular genetic studies have uncovered a translocation-generated gene fusion network in salivary gland carcinomas that can be used for diagnosis, treatment decisions, and development of specific targeted therapies. The gene fusions encode novel fusion oncoproteins that function as transcriptional coactivators, tyrosine kinase receptors, and transcription factors involved in growth-factor signaling and cell-cycle regulation. While surgery currently is the primary therapy for operable tumors, radiation plays an important role in the postoperative setting, as well as in the definitive setting for inoperable lesions. An awareness of the risk factors for tumor recurrence and spread is important for both adjuvant therapy referrals and for radiation treatment planning purposes. Additionally, chemotherapy is being used increasingly in both the concurrent setting as a radiosensitizer, as well as in the palliative setting for metastatic tumors. Future trials investigating concurrent chemotherapy and radiation, as well as the use of targeted agents based on evolving molecular discoveries, will elucidate optimal personalized approaches for this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carlson
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; Head and Neck Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Tumori, Milan, Italy; Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Nagao T, Sato E, Inoue R, Oshiro H, H. Takahashi R, Nagai T, Yoshida M, Suzuki F, Obikane H, Yamashina M, Matsubayashi J. Immunohistochemical analysis of salivary gland tumors: application for surgical pathology practice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2012; 45:269-82. [PMID: 23209336 PMCID: PMC3496863 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are relatively uncommon and there exists a considerable diagnostic difficulty owing to their diverse histological features in individual lesions and the presence of a number of types and variants, in addition to overlapping histological patterns similar to those observed in different tumor entities. The classification is complex, but is closely relevant to the prognostic and therapeutic aspects. Although hematoxylin-eosin staining is still the gold standard method used for the diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) can enhance the accuracy and be a helpful tool when in cases to investigate the subjects that cannot be assessed by histological examination, such as the cell nature and differentiation status, cell proliferation, and tumor protein expression. This review depicts on the practical diagnostic utility of IHC in salivary gland tumor pathology under the following issues: assessment of cell differentiation, focusing on neoplastic myoepithelial cells; discrimination of histologically mimic tumor groups; diagnosis of specific tumor types, e.g., pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and salivary duct carcinoma; and evaluation of malignancy and prognostic factors. IHC plays a limited, even though important, role in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors, but is often useful to support the histological assessment. However, unfortunately few tumor type-specific markers are still currently available. For these reasons, IHC should be considered a method that can be used to assist the final diagnosis, and its results themselves do not directly indicate a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Rie Inoue
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Hisashi Oshiro
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Reisuke H. Takahashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Takeshi Nagai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Maki Yoshida
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Fumie Suzuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Hiyo Obikane
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Mitsumasa Yamashina
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Jun Matsubayashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
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Ettl T, Schwarz-Furlan S, Gosau M, Reichert TE. Salivary gland carcinomas. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 16:267-283. [PMID: 22842859 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-012-0350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salivary gland carcinomas are rare tumours of heterogeneous morphology that require distinctive surgical and adjuvant therapy. METHODS Relevant studies were electronically searched in PubMed and reviewed for innovative and important information. RESULTS Recent insights in genetic alterations like chromosomal aberrations, expression of receptor tyrosine kinases, malfunction of tumour suppressor genes or DNA promoter methylations increased the knowledge about aetiology and pathogenesis. New histological subtypes are recognised, and a three-tiered grading system seems reasonable. Ultrasound remains the basic diagnostic imaging procedure. New developments comprise the diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, while fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography shows good diagnostic accuracy in detecting distant metastases and local recurrence. Fine-needle aspiration cytology helps in differentiating a neoplasia from a non-neoplastic lesion while being unreliable in recognising malignancy. In contrast, additional core needle biopsy and/or intraoperative frozen section diagnosis increase the accuracy in diagnosing a malignant lesion. Conservative parotid surgery with nerve monitoring remains state-of-the-art. Free flaps or musculoaponeurotic flaps are proposed for prevention of Frey's syndrome. As parotid cancer often shows skip metastases, complete ipsilateral neck dissection (level I-V) is indicated particularly in high-grade lesions. Adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy increases local tumour control, whereas overall survival is not necessarily improved. Current results of systemic chemotherapy or targeted therapy in advanced tumour stages are disappointing. CONCLUSION Despite several developments, salivary gland carcinomas remain a heterogeneous group of tumours challenging both pathologists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Regensburg University, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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