1
|
Grigore A, Coman OA, Păunescu H, Costescu M, Fulga I. Latest Insights into the In Vivo Studies in Murine Regarding the Role of TRP Channels in Wound Healing-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6753. [PMID: 38928459 PMCID: PMC11204351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing involves physical, chemical and immunological processes. Transient receptor potential (TRP) and other ion channels are implicated in epidermal re-epithelization. Ion movement across ion channels can induce transmembrane potential that leads to transepithelial potential (TEP) changes. TEP is present in epidermis surrounding the lesion decreases and induces an endogenous direct current generating an epithelial electric field (EF) that could be implicated in wound re-epithelialization. TRP channels are involved in the activation of immune cells during mainly the inflammatory phase of wound healing. The aim of the study was to review the mechanisms of ion channel involvement in wound healing in in vivo experiments in murine (mice, rats) and how can this process be influenced. This review used the latest results published in scientific journals over the last year and this year to date (1 January 2023-31 December 3000) in order to include the in-press articles. Some types of TRP channels, such as TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPA1, are expressed in immune cells and can be activated by inflammatory mediators. The most beneficial effects in wound healing are produced using agonists of TRPV1, TRPV4 and TRPA1 channels or by inhibiting with antagonists, antisense oligonucleotides or knocking down TRPV3 and TRPM8 channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Horia Păunescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucureșt, Romania; (A.G.); (O.A.C.); (M.C.); (I.F.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weng J, Liu Q, Li C, Feng Y, Chang Q, Xie M, Wang X, Li M, Zhang H, Mao R, Zhang N, Yang X, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Huang Y, Li F. TRPA1-PI3K/Akt-OPA1-ferroptosis axis in ozone-induced bronchial epithelial cell and lung injury. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170668. [PMID: 38320701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential (TRP) ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) could mediate ozone-induced lung injury. Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1) is one of the significant mitochondrial fusion proteins. Impaired mitochondrial fusion, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis, may drive the onset and progression of lung injury. In this study, we examined whether TRPA1 mediated ozone-induced bronchial epithelial cell and lung injury by activating PI3K/Akt with the involvement of OPA1, leading to ferroptosis. METHODS Wild-type, TRPA1-knockout (KO) mice (C57BL/6 J background) and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1)-pretreated mice were exposed to 2.5 ppm ozone for 3 h. Human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells were treated with 1 ppm ozone for 3 h in the presence of TRPA1 inhibitor A967079 or TRPA1-knockdown (KD) as well as pharmacological modulators of PI3K/Akt-OPA1-ferroptosis. Transcriptome was used to screen and decipher the differential gene expressions and pathways. Oxidative stress, inflammation and ferroptosis were measured together with mitochondrial morphology, function and dynamics. RESULTS Acute ozone exposure induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), reduced mitochondrial fusion, and enhanced ferroptosis in mice. Similarly, acute ozone exposure induced inflammatory responses, altered redox responses, abnormal mitochondrial structure and function, reduced mitochondrial fusion and enhanced ferroptosis in BEAS-2B cells. There were increased mitochondrial fusion, reduced inflammatory responses, decreased redox responses and ferroptosis in ozone-exposed TRPA1-KO mice and Fer-1-pretreated ozone-exposed mice. A967079 and TRPA1-KD enhanced OPA1 and prevented ferroptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in BEAS-2B cells. These in vitro results were further confirmed in pharmacological modulator experiments. CONCLUSION Exposure to ozone induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human bronchial epithelial cells and mouse lungs by activating TRPA1, which results in ferroptosis mediated via a PI3K/Akt/OPA1 axis. This supports a potential role of TRPA1 blockade in preventing the deleterious effects of ozone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Weng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Chenfei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Meiqin Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Mengnan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Ruolin Mao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tamai H, Yamanaka M, Taniguchi W, Nishio N, Fukui D, Nakatsuka T, Yamada H. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 in the knee is involved in osteoarthritis pain. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101470. [PMID: 37293534 PMCID: PMC10244472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential families play important roles in the pathology of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. While transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is also an essential component of the pathogenesis of various arthritic conditions, its association with pain is controversial. Thus, we researched whether TRPA1 is involved in knee OA pain by in vivo patch-clamp recordings and evaluated the behavioral responses using CatWalk gait analysis and pressure application measurement (PAM). Injection of the Trpa1 agonist, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), into the knee joint significantly increased spontaneous excitatory synaptic current (sEPSC) frequency in the substantia gelatinosa of rats with knee OA, while injection of the Trpa1 antagonist, HC-030031, significantly decreased the sEPSC. Meanwhile, AITC did not affect the sEPSC in sham rats. In the CatWalk and PAM behavioral tests, AITC significantly decreased pain thresholds, but no difference between HC-030031 and saline injections was observed. Our results indicate that Trpa1 mediates knee OA-induced pain. We demonstrated that Trpa1 is activated in the knee joints of rats with OA, and Trpa1 activity enhanced the pain caused by knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Tamai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Naoko Nishio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Terumasa Nakatsuka
- Pain Research Center, Kansai University of Health Sciences, 2-11-1 Wakaba, Kumatorityou, Osaka, 590-0433, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luostarinen S, Hämäläinen M, Pemmari A, Moilanen E. The regulation of TRPA1 expression and function by Th1 and Th2-type inflammation in human A549 lung epithelial cells. Inflamm Res 2023:10.1007/s00011-023-01750-y. [PMID: 37386145 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a cation channel that mediates pain, itch, cough, and neurogenic inflammation in response to pungent compounds such as acrolein in cigarette smoke. TRPA1 is also activated by endogenous factors and promotes inflammation in asthma models. We have recently shown that TRPA1 is upregulated by inflammatory cytokines in A549 human lung epithelial cells. Here, we explored the effects of Th1 and Th2-type inflammation on TRPA1. METHODS AND RESULTS TRPA1 expression and function was studied in A549 human lung epithelial cells. To induce inflammation, the cells were exposed to a combination of cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β; and to model Th1 or Th2-type responses, IFN-γ or IL-4/IL-13 was added, respectively. TRPA1 expression (measured by RT-PCR and Western blot) and function (assessed by Fluo-3AM intracellular calcium measurement) was enhanced under the influence of TNF-α + IL-1β. IFN-γ further enhanced TRPA1 expression and function, whereas IL-4 and IL-13 suppressed them. The effects of IFN-γ and IL-4 on TRPA1 expression were reversed by the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors baricitinib and tofacitinib, and those of IL-4 also by the STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499. The glucocorticoid dexamethasone downregulated TRPA1 expression, whereas the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram had no effect. Under all conditions, TRPA1 blockade was found to reduce the production of LCN2 and CXCL6. CONCLUSIONS TRPA1 expression and function in lung epithelial cells was upregulated under inflammatory conditions. IFN-γ further increased TRPA1 expression while IL-4 and IL-13 suppressed that in a JAK-STAT6 dependent manner which is novel. TRPA1 also modulated the expression of genes relevant to innate immunity and lung disease. We propose that the paradigm of Th1 and Th2 inflammation is a major determinant of TRPA1 expression and function, which should be considered when targeting TRPA1 for pharmacotherapy in inflammatory (lung) disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samu Luostarinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Pemmari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marek-Jozefowicz L, Nedoszytko B, Grochocka M, Żmijewski MA, Czajkowski R, Cubała WJ, Slominski AT. Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5001. [PMID: 36902434 PMCID: PMC10003326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. The activation of TRPV-ion channels results in an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, induces the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators and contributes to the maintenance of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) in diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo and rosacea. Immune cells present in the skin (mononuclear cells, dendritic cells and mast cells) also express TRPV1, and their activation directly affects their function. The activation of TRPV1 channels mediates communication between sensory nerve endings and skin immune cells, increasing the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and neuropeptides). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, activation and modulation of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors in cutaneous cells can aid in the development of effective treatments for inflammatory skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Marek-Jozefowicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Molecular Laboratory, Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Centre, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grochocka
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał A. Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rafał Czajkowski
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wiesław J. Cubała
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 7 Build. 25, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 500 22nd Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao K, Dou B, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Fan Z, Ma Y, Du S, Wang J, Xu Z, Liu Y, Lin X, Wang S, Guo Y. Inflammation-the role of TRPA1 channel. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1093925. [PMID: 36875034 PMCID: PMC9977828 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1093925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) can be used as a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. TRPA1 is expressed in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells and is involved in diverse physiological activities, such as stabilizing of cell membrane potential, maintaining cellular humoral balance, and regulating intercellular signal transduction. TRPA1 is a multi-modal cell membrane receptor that can sense different stimuli, and generate action potential signals after activation via osmotic pressure, temperature, and inflammatory factors. In this study, we introduced the latest research progress on TRPA1 in inflammatory diseases from three different aspects. First, the inflammatory factors released after inflammation interacts with TRPA1 to promote inflammatory response; second, TRPA1 regulates the function of immune cells such as macrophages and T cells, In addition, it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in some inflammatory diseases. Third, we have summarized the application of antagonists and agonists targeting TRPA1 in the treatment of some inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifang Yao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Baomin Dou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zezhi Fan
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajing Ma
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Simin Du
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangshan Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shin SM, Baek EJ, Oh DY, Kim KH, Kim KJ, Park EJ. Functional validation of co-culture model of human keratinocytes and neuronal cell line for sensitive skin by using transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1 antagonist. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13275. [PMID: 36704884 PMCID: PMC9838752 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive skin is a subjective cutaneous hyper-reactivity that occurs in response to various innocuous stimuli. Keratinocytes have recently been shown to participate in sensory transduction by releasing many neuroactive molecules that bind to intra-epidermal free nerve endings and modulate nociception. In the literature, the characterization of these interactions has been based on the co-culture of keratinocyte and mammalian-origin neuronal cell lines. In this study, we established an in vitro model based on a co-culture of primary human keratinocytes and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuronal cell line. METHODS Human epidermal keratinocytes and SH-SY5Y cells were monocultured and co-cultured. Changes in calcium influx, substance P, inflammatory cytokines, and neuropeptides between the monoculture and co-culture groups treated with capsaicin only and capsaicin with transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol (TTBC), together. In addition, the difference in stinging sensation was evaluated by applying it to the volunteers. RESULTS When SH-SY5Y cells were co-cultured with keratinocytes, they had no significant effect on axonal development. Substance P was also released after capsaicin treatment and reduced by TTBC under co-culture conditions. Moreover, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides was significantly increased in co-cultured keratinocytes compared to that under monoculture conditions. In addition, the stinging sensation was significantly induced after the application of capsaicin in vivo and was relieved after the application of the TRPV1 antagonist. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the novel co-culture model is functionally valid through capsaicin and TRPV1 antagonist. We also confirmed that TTBC could be used for the treatment of sensitive skin through a co-culture model and in vivo tests. This co-culture model of keratinocytes and SH-SY5Y cells may be useful in vitro alternatives for studying the close communication between keratinocytes and neuronal cells and for screening therapeutic drugs for sensitive skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mee Shin
- Department of DermatologyHallym Institute for Translational MedicineAnyangKorea
| | - Eun Joo Baek
- Department of DermatologyHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangKorea
| | - Dong Yeol Oh
- Department of DermatologyHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangKorea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of DermatologyHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangKorea
| | - Kwang Joong Kim
- Department of DermatologyHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangKorea
| | - Eun Joo Park
- Department of DermatologyHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangKorea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu X, Yu C, Xu L, Xu J. Emerging roles of keratinocytes in nociceptive transduction and regulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:982202. [PMID: 36157074 PMCID: PMC9500148 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.982202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes are the predominant block-building cells in the epidermis. Emerging evidence has elucidated the roles of keratinocytes in a wide range of pathophysiological processes including cutaneous nociception, pruritus, and inflammation. Intraepidermal free nerve endings are entirely enwrapped within the gutters of keratinocyte cytoplasm and form en passant synaptic-like contacts with keratinocytes. Keratinocytes can detect thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli through transient receptor potential ion channels and other sensory receptors. The activated keratinocytes elicit calcium influx and release ATP, which binds to P2 receptors on free nerve endings and excites sensory neurons. This process is modulated by the endogenous opioid system and endothelin. Keratinocytes also express neurotransmitter receptors of adrenaline, acetylcholine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid, which are involved in regulating the activation and migration, of keratinocytes. Furthermore, keratinocytes serve as both sources and targets of neurotrophic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and neuropeptides. The autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms of these mediators create a bidirectional feedback loop that amplifies neuroinflammation and contributes to peripheral sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine Yu
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Li Xu,
| | - Jijun Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Li Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Camponogara C, Oliveira SM. Are TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel-mediated signalling cascades involved in UVB radiation-induced sunburn? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103836. [PMID: 35248760 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are underappreciated injuries associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dramatic clinical effects in humans and is a significant public health concern. Although the mechanisms underlying UVB exposure are not fully understood, many studies have made substantial progress in the pathophysiology of sunburn in terms of its molecular aspects in the last few years. It is well established that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels modulate the inflammatory, oxidative, and proliferative processes underlying UVB radiation exposure. However, it is still unknown which mechanisms underlying TRPV1/A1 channel activation are elicited in sunburn induced by UVB radiation. Therefore, in this review, we give an overview of the TRPV1/A1 channel-mediated signalling cascades that may be involved in the pathophysiology of sunburn induced by UVB radiation. These data will undoubtedly help to explain the various features of sunburn and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to better treat it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Camponogara
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mahajan N, Khare P, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M. TRPA1: Pharmacology, natural activators and role in obesity prevention. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174553. [PMID: 34627805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a calcium permeable, non-selective cation channel, expressed in the sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells of different tissues. Initially studied for its role in pain and inflammation, TRPA1 has now functionally involved in multiple other physiological functions. TRPA1 channel has been extensively studied for modulation by pungent compounds present in the spices and herbs. In the last decade, the role of TRPA1 agonism in body weight reduction, secretion of hunger and satiety hormones, insulin secretion and thermogenesis, has unveiled the potential of the TRPA1 channel to be used as a preventive target to tackle obesity and associated comorbidities including insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarized the recent findings of TRPA1 based dietary/non-dietary modulation for its role in obesity prevention and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mahajan
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thapa D, Valente JDS, Barrett B, Smith MJ, Argunhan F, Lee SY, Nikitochkina S, Kodji X, Brain SD. Dysfunctional TRPM8 signalling in the vascular response to environmental cold in ageing. eLife 2021; 10:70153. [PMID: 34726597 PMCID: PMC8592571 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with increased vulnerability to environmental cold exposure. Previously, we identified the role of the cold-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) A1, M8 receptors as vascular cold sensors in mouse skin. We hypothesised that this dynamic cold-sensor system may become dysfunctional in ageing. We show that behavioural and vascular responses to skin local environmental cooling are impaired with even moderate ageing, with reduced TRPM8 gene/protein expression especially. Pharmacological blockade of the residual TRPA1/TRPM8 component substantially diminished the response in aged, compared with young mice. This implies the reliance of the already reduced cold-induced vascular response in ageing mice on remaining TRP receptor activity. Moreover, sympathetic-induced vasoconstriction was reduced with downregulation of the α2c adrenoceptor expression in ageing. The cold-induced vascular response is important for sensing cold and retaining body heat and health. These findings reveal that cold sensors, essential for this neurovascular pathway, decline as ageing onsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibesh Thapa
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joäo de Sousa Valente
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brentton Barrett
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew John Smith
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fulye Argunhan
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng Y Lee
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sofya Nikitochkina
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xenia Kodji
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Skin Research Institute, Agency of Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susan D Brain
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chan TC, Lee MS, Huang WC, Chang WY, Krueger JG, Tsai TF. Capsaicin attenuates imiquimod-induced epidermal hyperplasia and cutaneous inflammation in a murine model of psoriasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111950. [PMID: 34328106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases that is characterized by well-defined erythematous plaques, with typical histopathological findings of lymphocytic infiltration and epidermal hyperplasia. Topical treatments of psoriasis are either associated with limited response or with side effects. Up to date, topicals targeting neuroimmune axis in psoriasis or psoriasiform dermatitis have not been explored. Here, we investigated whether percutaneous delivery of capsaicin could attenuate the pathological change of psoriasiform inflammation. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like murine model was used to evaluate therapeutic effects from topical application of capsaicin. An additional model of psoriasiform dermatitis induced by direct IL-23 injection was used to identify the level of action from capsaicin in this neuroimmune axis. Cutaneous inflammation was assessed by erythema level and ear thickness change. Key cytokines, infiltrating cells in the skin, and draining lymph node cells were investigated. The results showed that capsaicin administration obstructed the activation of IL-23/IL-17 pathway induced by imiquimod, presenting with significantly reduced psoriasiform dermatitis both in gross appearance and microscopic features. Tissue gene expression of psoriatic core cytokines induced by imiquimod (including IL-23, IL-17A, IL-22, TNF-α, and IL-6) were greatly decreased by capsaicin application. This protective effect from capsaicin could be hampered by direct intradermal injection of IL-23. CONCLUSION: Epicutaneous delivery of capsaicin on imiquimod-treated murine skin could significantly decrease expression of multiple inflammatory cytokines and the severity of prototypic change of psoriasiform inflammation. The beneficial effect imposed by capsaicin reinforces the neuroimmune contribution towards psoriasiform inflammation and provides a potential non-steroidal therapeutic alternative for topical treatment of psoriasiform dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom C Chan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Sui Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Taipei Institute of Pathology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chang
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luostarinen S, Hämäläinen M, Hatano N, Muraki K, Moilanen E. The inflammatory regulation of TRPA1 expression in human A549 lung epithelial cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 70:102059. [PMID: 34302984 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel mediating pain and cough signals in sensory neurons. We and others have shown that TRPA1 is also expressed in some non-neuronal cells and supports inflammatory responses. To address the pathogenesis and to uncover potential targets for pharmacotherapy in inflammatory lung diseases, we set out to study the expression of TRPA1 in human A549 lung epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions. TRPA1 expression was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting at a mRNA and protein level, respectively and its function was studied by Fluo 3-AM intracellular Ca2+ measurement in A549 lung epithelial cells. TRPA1 promoter activity was assessed by reporter gene assay. TRPA1 expression was very low in A549 cells in the absence of inflammatory stimuli. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly increased TRPA1 expression and a synergy was found between TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Reporter gene experiments indicate that the combination of TNF-α and IL-1β increases TRPA1 promoter activity while the effect of IFN-γ seems to be non-transcriptional. Interestingly, the glucocorticoid dexamethasone downregulated TRPA1 expression in A549 cells by reducing TRPA1 mRNA stability in a transcription-dependent manner. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8. In conclusion, TRPA1 was found to be expressed and functional in human A549 lung epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions. The anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone reduced TRPA1 expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms. The results reveal TRPA1 as a potential mediator and drug target in inflammatory lung conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samu Luostarinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Noriyuki Hatano
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Common and discrete mechanisms underlying chronic pain and itch: peripheral and central sensitization. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1603-1615. [PMID: 34245379 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Normally, an obvious antagonism exists between pain and itch. In normal conditions, painful stimuli suppress itch sensation, whereas pain killers often generate itch. Although pain and itch are mediated by separate pathways under normal conditions, most chemicals are not highly specific to one sensation in chronic pathologic conditions. Notably, in patients with neuropathic pain, histamine primarily induces pain rather than itch, while in patients with atopic dermatitis, bradykinin triggers itch rather than pain. Accordingly, repetitive scratching even enhances itch sensation in chronic itch conditions. Physicians often prescribe pain relievers to patients with chronic itch, suggesting common mechanisms underlying chronic pain and itch, especially peripheral and central sensitization. Rather than separating itch and pain, studies should investigate chronic itch and pain including neuropathic and inflammatory conditions. Here, we reviewed chronic sensitization leading to chronic pain and itch at both peripheral and central levels. Studies investigating the connection between pain and itch facilitate the development of new therapeutics against both chronic dysesthesias based on the underlying pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
15
|
Luostarinen S, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)-An Inflammation-Induced Factor in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073322. [PMID: 33805042 PMCID: PMC8037497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel mainly studied in sensory neurons where it mediates itch, pain and neurogenic inflammation. Recently, some nonneuronal cells have also been shown to express TRPA1 to support inflammatory responses. To address the role of TRPA1 in skin inflammation, we aimed to investigate TRPA1 expression in keratinocytes. HaCaT cells (a model of human keratinocytes) and skin biopses from wild-type and TRPA1 deficient mice were used in the studies. TRPA1 expression in nonstimulated keratinocytes was very low but significantly inducible by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in an nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)-dependent manner. Interestingly, drugs widely used to treat skin inflammation, the calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporine and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, significantly decreased TRPA1 expression. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of TRPA1 reduced the synthesis of TNF-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in keratinocytes and mouse skin biopsies. In conclusion, these findings point to an inflammatory role for TRPA1 in keratinocytes and present TRPA1 as a potential drug target in inflammatory skin diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Özcan SS, Gürel G, Çakır M. Gene expression profiles of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of psoriasis patients. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1234-1240. [PMID: 33550865 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121991911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are involved in the pathological process. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels expressed in immune cells have been shown to be associated with inflammatory diseases. We aimed to evaluate mRNA expression levels of TRP channels in PBMCs of patients with psoriasis. 30 patients with plaque psoriasis and 30 healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects were included in this study. mRNA expression levels of TRP channels in psoriasis patients were determined by Real-time polymerase chain reaction. A decreased TRPM4, TRPM7, TRPV3, TRPV4, and TRPC6 genes expression levels were found in the patient group compared to controls, respectively (p = 0.045, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.045, p = 0.009), whereas, an increased expression level was found in TRPM2 and TRPV1 genes in the patient group compared to controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.028). This is the first study showing the TRP channel mRNA expressions in PBMCs of psoriasis patients. Different expression patterns of TRP channels may have a role in pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Özcan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 162338Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - G Gürel
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, 162338Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - M Çakır
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 162338Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tazawa K, Kawashima N, Kuramoto M, Noda S, Fujii M, Nara K, Hashimoto K, Okiji T. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Is Up-Regulated in Response to Lipopolysaccharide via P38/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Dental Pulp Cells and Promotes Mineralization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2417-2426. [PMID: 32919979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel has been detected in carious tooth pulp, suggesting involvement of TRPA1 in defense or repair of this tissue after exogenous noxious stimuli. This study aimed to elucidate the induction mechanism in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and the function of TRPA1 in dental pulp cells. Stimulation of human dental pulp cells with LPS up-regulated TRPA1 expression, as demonstrated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. LPS stimulation also promoted nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. NOR5, an NO donor, up-regulated TRPA1 expression, whereas 1400W, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and SB202190, a p38/MAPK inhibitor, down-regulated LPS-induced TRPA1 expression. Moreover, JT010, a TRPA1 agonist, increased the intracellular calcium concentration and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, and up-regulated alkaline phosphatase mRNA in human dental pulp cells. Icilin-a TRPA1 agonist-up-regulated secreted phosphoprotein 1 mRNA expression and promoted mineralized nodule formation in mouse dental papilla cells. In vivo expression of TRPA1 was detected in odontoblasts along the tertiary dentin of carious teeth. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that LPS stimulation induced TRPA1 via the NO-p38 MAPK signaling pathway and TRPA1 agonists promoted differentiation or mineralization of dental pulp cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Tazawa
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kuramoto
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Noda
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Fujii
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nara
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Epidermal expression of human TRPM8, but not of TRPA1 ion channels, is associated with sensory responses to local skin cooling. Pain 2020; 160:2699-2709. [PMID: 31343541 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human cold perception and nociception play an important role in persisting pain. However, species differences in the target temperature of thermosensitive ion channels expressed in peripheral nerve endings have fueled discussions about the mechanism of cold nociception in humans. Most frequently implicated thermosensors are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family TRPM8 and TRPA1. Regularly observed, distinct cold pain phenotype groups suggested the existence of interindividually differing molecular bases. In 28 subjects displaying either high or medium sensitivity to local cooling of the skin, the density at epidermal nerve fibers of TRPM8, but not that of TRPA1 expression, correlated significantly with the cold pain threshold. Moreover, reproducible grouping of the subjects, based on high or medium sensitivity to cooling, was reflected in an analogous grouping based on high or low TRPM8 expression at epidermal nerve fibers. The distribution of TRPM8 expression in epidermal nerve fibers provided an explanation for the previously observed (bi)modal distribution of human cold pain thresholds which was reproduced in this study. In the light of current controversies on the role of human TRPA1 ion channels in cold pain perception, the present observations demonstrating a lack of association of TRPA1 channel expression with cold sensitivity-related measures reinforce doubts about involvement of this channel in cold pain in humans. Since TRP inhibitors targeting TRPM8 and TRPA1 are currently entering clinical phases of drug development, the existence of known species differences, in particular in the function of TRPA1, emphasizes the increasing importance of new methods to directly approach the roles of TRPs in humans.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim JH, Kwon TR, Lee SE, Jang YN, Han HS, Mun SK, Kim BJ. Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Novel Hyaluronic Acid-Polynucleotide Complex Dermal Filler. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5127. [PMID: 32198443 PMCID: PMC7083941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
HA (Hyaluronic acid) filler, the most commonly used dermal filler, causes several side effects. HA-PN (Hyaluronic acid-Polynucleotide), a new composite filler, has excellent biocompatibility and induces tissue regeneration. In this study, we compare the efficacies and safety profiles of these fillers. The characteristics of HA and HA-PN fillers were compared using scanning electron microscopy and rheometry. No morphological difference was noted between the fillers. However, the latter had higher viscosity and elasticity values. The HA-PN filler induced higher cell migration than the HA filler in a wound healing assay. It was also found to stimulate better collagen synthesis in human and mouse fibroblasts. The HA and HA-PN fillers were injected into SKH1 hairless mice to determine changes in their volume for up to 24 weeks. Increased cell migration and collagen synthesis were observed in mice injected with the HA-PN complex filler. Although the safety and durability of the HA and HA-PN fillers were similar, the latter induced a lower transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 expression and caused less stimulation upon injection. In conclusion, HA-PN complex fillers can stimulate fibroblast growth and facilitate volume growth and skin regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Na Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sung Han
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seog Kyun Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Characterization of Reactive and Sensitive Skin Microbiota: Effect of Halymenia durvillei (HD) Extract Treatment. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
After characterization of the reactive skin microbiota, we investigated whether the active Halymenia durvillei (HD), rich in polysaccharides, could modulate this microbiota after 28 days of treatment, act on neuroinflammation parameters, and calm feelings of discomfort and redness. Skin microbiota was assessed using next-generation sequencing experiments (16S RNA gene fragment sequencing) on samples collected from 30 volunteers suffering from reactive, sensitive skin. To evaluate the effect of the HD extract on neuroinflammation, we used an ex vivo model. Finally, an in vivo study was performed using a clinical assessment (blood microcirculation via videocapillaroscopy) of functional signs employing the Sensitive Scale and the soothing effect was evaluated and compared to a placebo treatment. At the phylum level, the samples were mostly composed of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, which accounted for more than 97% of the total sequencing read in all samples, with no differences before or after treatment with the HD active ingredient. The Shannon Diversity index indicated lower microbial communities compared to healthy skin. Maintenance of the Shannon Diversity index was reported after 28 days of HD active ingredient treatment, wherein microbial communities continued to decrease in number during treatment with the placebo. The average taxonomic composition of associated skin microbial communities showed that reactive skin is characterized by a low proportion of the Chryseobacterium genus compared to a high proportion of the Corynebacterium genus. At the species level, Actinobacteria are mainly represented by Propionibacterium acnes (72.13%) and Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii (13.23%), representing species typically observed in clinical cases of redness, the main criteria for volunteer inclusion. Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii, with increased levels being associated with skin redness, decreased with HD treatment. This decrease coincided with the clinical improvement observed after 7 weeks of treatment. The ex vivo study revealed that the HD extract induced a significant decrease in the expression of TRPV-1 (−67%; p < 0.001) and NK1-R (−43%; p < 0.01) compared to the control after 6 days of treatment. These data support the use of polysaccharides, found in red alga, in the treatment of reactive and sensitive skin related to the modulation of skin microbiota.
Collapse
|
21
|
Evdokimov D, Kreß L, Dinkel P, Frank J, Sommer C, Üçeyler N. Pain-associated Mediators and Axon Pathfinders in Fibromyalgia Skin Cells. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:140-148. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To investigate whether the expression of cytokine, nociception-associated ion channel, and axon guidance genes in patients with skin cell fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) differs from healthy controls, potentially contributing to pain and small-fiber degeneration in FMS.Methods.We prospectively recruited 128 patients and 26 healthy controls. All study participants underwent neurological examination, and a skin punch biopsy was obtained from the lateral calf and thigh. Skin samples were processed to histologically determine intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and for primary fibroblast and keratinocyte cell cultures. Gene expression of selected pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines, nociception-associated ion channels, and axon guidance cues was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR.Results.In fibroblasts, transforming growth factor–ß1 (TGF-ß1) gene expression was higher in patients with FMS compared to controls (calf and thigh: p < 0.001). Also, expression was higher in patients than in controls for these variables: hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 (calf: p < 0.01), ephrin-A4 (EFNA4; calf: p < 0.05, thigh: p < 0.001), and ephrin receptor-A4 (EPHA4; thigh: p < 0.05). In keratinocytes, interleukin 10 gene expression was higher in patients with FMS than in controls (thigh: p < 0.05). While no intergroup difference was found for nociception-associated ion channels, EFNA4 and EPHA4 (calf: p < 0.01 each) expression was higher in patients with FMS than in controls. Axon guide expression did not correlate with IENFD.Conclusion.In FMS, skin cells may contribute to cutaneous nociception by differentially expressing membrane-bound and soluble pain mediators and axon pathfinders.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ding DM, Tu Y, Man MQ, Wu WJ, Lu FY, Li X, Li Y, Yang JT, Jin YM, Yang CY, He L. Association between lactic acid sting test scores, self-assessed sensitive skin scores and biophysical properties in Chinese females. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:398-404. [PMID: 31194883 PMCID: PMC6851893 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Lactic acid sting test (LAST) is a classical method to identify sensitive skin. However, some subjects with self‐perceived sensitive skin are negative for LAST. Objective To determine whether LAST scores are associated with specific phenotype of sensitive skin. Methods A total of 292 subjects with self‐perceived sensitive skin were enrolled in this study. The Sensitive Scale was used to evaluate the severity of burning, stinging, itching, tautness, erythema and scaling based on 0–10 scale scores. In addition to the assessment of LAST scores, epidermal biophysical properties were measured using an MPA system. Results The Sensitive Scale scores of stinging, itching, tautness and scaling were significantly different between the LAST‐positive and ‐negative groups. However, burning and erythema scores did not differ between the LAST‐positive and ‐negative groups. LAST scores were positively correlated with the Sensitive Scale scores for stinging, itching, tautness and scaling, but not for burning and erythema scores. Moreover, LAST scores negatively correlated with stratum corneum hydration, but positively with transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rates. Conclusions Lactic acid sting test scores positively correlated with TEWL rates. LAST scores could be used to identify subjects with sensitive skin characterized mainly by stinging and itching, but not those mainly by burning and erythema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D-M Ding
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Y Tu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - M-Q Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - W-J Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - F-Y Lu
- Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, 655000, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, 675000, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - J-T Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Y-M Jin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - C-Y Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - L He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
TRPA1 Sensitization Produces Hyperalgesia to Heat but not to Cold Stimuli in Human Volunteers. Clin J Pain 2019; 35:321-327. [DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
24
|
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel is expressed in pain-sensing neurons and other tissues and has become a major target in the development of novel pharmaceuticals. A remarkable feature of the channel is its long list of activators, many of which we are exposed to in daily life. Many of these agonists induce pain and inflammation, making TRPA1 a major target for anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapies. Studies in human patients and in experimental animals have confirmed an important role for TRPA1 in a number of pain conditions. Over the recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the molecular structure of TRPA1 and in discovering binding sites and modulatory sites of the channel. Because the list of published mutations and important molecular sites is steadily growing and because it has become difficult to see the forest for the trees, this review aims at summarizing the current knowledge about TRPA1, with a special focus on the molecular structure and the known binding or gating sites of the channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis E Meents
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen , Aachen , Germany
| | - Cosmin I Ciotu
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Boonen B, Alpizar YA, Meseguer VM, Talavera K. TRP Channels as Sensors of Bacterial Endotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10080326. [PMID: 30103489 PMCID: PMC6115757 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and systemic effects induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been solely attributed to the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling cascade. However, recent studies have shown that LPS activates several members of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family of cation channels. Indeed, LPS induces activation of the broadly-tuned chemosensor TRPA1 in sensory neurons in a TLR4-independent manner, and genetic ablation of this channel reduced mouse pain and inflammatory responses triggered by LPS and the gustatory-mediated avoidance to LPS in fruit flies. LPS was also shown to activate TRPV4 channels in airway epithelial cells, an effect leading to an immediate production of bactericidal nitric oxide and to an increase in ciliary beat frequency. In this review, we discuss the role of TRP channels as sensors of bacterial endotoxins, and therefore, as crucial players in the timely detection of invading gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Boonen
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, O&N1 Herestraat 49 - box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, O&N1 Herestraat 49 - box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Victor M Meseguer
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
| | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, O&N1 Herestraat 49 - box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Weyer-Menkhoff I, Lötsch J. Human pharmacological approaches to TRP-ion-channel-based analgesic drug development. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:2003-2012. [PMID: 29969684 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of novel analgesic drug targets is an active research topic owing to insufficient treatment options for persisting pain. Modulators of temperature-sensing transient receptor potential ion channels (thermoTRPs), in particular TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPM8 and TRPA1, have reached clinical development. This requires access for TRP channels and the effects of specific modulators in humans. This is currently possible via (i) the study of TRP channel function in human-derived cell lines, (ii) immunohistochemical visualization of TRP channel expression in human tissues, (iii) human experimental pain models employing sensitization by means of topical application of TRP channel activators including capsaicin (TRPV1), menthol (TRPM8), mustard oil and cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1), and (iv) the study of phenotypic consequences of human TRP gene variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Weyer-Menkhoff
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nilsson D, Jennische E, Cavallini N, Braide M. TRPA1 Mechanoreceptors Mediate the IL-6 Response to a Single PD Dwell in the Rat. Perit Dial Int 2017; 37:509-515. [PMID: 28698251 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2016.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of modern, biocompatible peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids has not entirely eliminated the local pro-inflammatory effects of PD fluid administration. The present study was performed in order to establish the importance of known signaling pathways connected to mechano-, osmo- and chemo-sensors of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family for the acute inflammatory response to PD. METHODS Rats were exposed to a single 4-hour dwell of lactate-buffered, 2.5% glucose, filter-sterilized PD fluid through an implanted PD catheter. In some groups, the PD dwell was preceded by intravenous administration of blockers of TRPV1 (BCTC), TRPA1 (HC030031), or neurokinin 1 (NK1) (Spantide II) receptors. Cytokine messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions were quantified in tissue biopsies (real-time polymerase chain reaction [qPCR]), and cytokine concentrations were quantified in dialysate samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tissue expressions of TRPV1, TRPA1, and NK1 were evaluated immuno-histochemically. RESULTS The PD dwell induced peritoneal synthesis of Il1b, Tnf, and Il6 and a secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) into the dialysate. The catheter implantation already induced the transcription of Il1b and Tnf but did not significantly affect Il6 transcription. The Il6 response to the PD dwell could be virtually eliminated by blocking TRPA1 but was not affected by TRPV1 blockade. Blocking the substance P receptor, NK1, produced an insignificant trend towards Il6 inhibition. TRPA1 and NK1 showed a stronger immuno-reactivity than TRPV1 on cells of the peritoneal tissue. CONCLUSION The results show that IL-6 synthesis and secretion were connected to acute PD fluid exposure, and this response was triggered by TRPA1 receptors, possibly located to non-neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nilsson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Jennische
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicola Cavallini
- BD Biosciences, Beckton, Dickinson and Company, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Braide
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cutaneous neurogenic and chronic inflammation: pro-inflammatory response induced by their activation and their sensitization. Protein Cell 2017; 8:644-661. [PMID: 28364279 PMCID: PMC5563280 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) is inflammation that is induced (or enhanced) in the skin by the release of neuropeptides from sensory nerve endings. Clinical manifestations are mainly sensory and vascular disorders such as pruritus and erythema. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and ankyrin 1 (TRPV1 and TRPA1, respectively) are non-selective cation channels known to specifically participate in pain and CNI. Both TRPV1 and TRPA1 are co-expressed in a large subset of sensory nerves, where they integrate numerous noxious stimuli. It is now clear that the expression of both channels also extends far beyond the sensory nerves in the skin, occuring also in keratinocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. In these non-neuronal cells, TRPV1 and TRPA1 also act as nociceptive sensors and potentiate the inflammatory process. This review discusses the role of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in the modulation of inflammatory genes that leads to or maintains CNI in sensory neurons and non-neuronal skin cells. In addition, this review provides a summary of current research on the intracellular sensitization pathways of both TRP channels by other endogenous inflammatory mediators that promote the self-maintenance of CNI.
Collapse
|
29
|
Chang YJ, Lee DU, Nam DY, Cho SM, Hong S, Nam JH, Kim WK. Inhibitory effect of Salvia plebeia leaf extract on ultraviolet-induced photoaging-associated ion channels and enzymes. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:567-575. [PMID: 28352332 PMCID: PMC5348704 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In traditional Korean/Asian medicine, Salvia plebeia R.Br. (S. plebeia) leaves are used to treat inflammatory diseases, including dermatitis, cough, asthma and toothache. Recently, S. plebeia leaves have been applied in skin care, as they promote skin lightening and elasticity. Therefore, the present study investigated the anti-aging effects of S. plebeia leaf methanolic extract and its fractions (dichloromethane, ethylacetate and n-butanol). The results of a whole-cell patch clamp analysis indicated that the methanolic extract mediated ultraviolet (UV)-induced photoaging-associated ion channels, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (ORAI1) channel activity in HEK293T cells overexpressing TRPV1 or ORAI1 and STIM1. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that the butanol fraction inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 (84±8% at -60 mV/86±1% at 100 mV at 100 µg/ml) and ORAI1 (87±2% at -120 mV at 100 µg/ml) currents. Furthermore, the dichloromethane and hexane fractions inhibited tyrosinase activity by 32.4±0.69 and 22.6±0.96% at 330 µg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the ethylacetate and butanol fractions inhibited elastase activity by 65.2±1.30 and 31.7±1.23% at 330 µg/ml, respectively. Tyrosinase and elastase, which are UV-induced photoaging-associated enzymes, regulate skin pigmentation and wrinkle formation, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that S. plebeia leaves may be a novel treatment for UV-induced photoaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Chang
- Department of Korean Medical Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Dongguk University College of Korean Medicine, Goyang 410-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ung Lee
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeong Nam
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 410-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungug Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 410-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea; Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 410-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 410-773, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 410-773, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Keppel Hesselink JM, Kopsky DJ, Bhaskar AK. Skin matters! The role of keratinocytes in nociception: a rational argument for the development of topical analgesics. J Pain Res 2016; 10:1-8. [PMID: 28031725 PMCID: PMC5179230 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neuropathic pain using topical formulations is still in its infancy. Only few topical analgesic formulations have become available for clinical use, and among these, analgesic creams are still rare. This is unfortunate because analgesic creams offer a number of advantages over patches, such as convenience, ease of adapting the frequency of application, and dose, and “rubbing cream where it hurts” involves the patient much more in the therapeutic process compared to patches and other localized treatment modalities. Although the literature supporting the efficacy and safety of analgesic creams (mostly compounded) is growing since the last decade, most pain physicians have not yet noticed and appreciated the therapeutic potential and clinical value of these creams. This is most probably due to a prejudice that topical application should need to act transdermally, more or less as a slow-release formulation, such as in patches delivering opioids. We will discuss this prejudice and show that there are multiple important targets in the skin to be reached by topical analgesic or anti-inflammatory compounds, and that the keratinocyte is one of those targets. By specifically targeting the keratinocyte, analgesia seems possible, effective, and safe, and thus topical analgesic creams may hold promise as a novel treatment modality for neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Kopsky
- Institute for Neuropathic Pain, Vespuccistraat 64-III, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arun K Bhaskar
- Pain management Centre, Charing Cross Hospital Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nummenmaa E, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen LJ, Paukkeri EL, Nieminen RM, Moilanen T, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is functionally expressed in primary human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:185. [PMID: 27515912 PMCID: PMC4982008 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a membrane-associated cation channel, widely expressed in neuronal cells and involved in nociception and neurogenic inflammation. We showed recently that TRPA1 mediates cartilage degradation and joint pain in the MIA-model of osteoarthritis (OA) suggesting a hitherto unknown role for TRPA1 in OA. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether TRPA1 is expressed and functional in human OA chondrocytes. METHODS Expression of TRPA1 in primary human OA chondrocytes was assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The functionality of the TRPA1 channel was assessed by Ca(2+)-influx measurements. Production of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, IL-6, and PGE2 subsequent to TRPA1 activation was measured by immunoassay. RESULTS We show here for the first time that TRPA1 is expressed in primary human OA chondrocytes and its expression is increased following stimulation with inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-17, LPS, and resistin. Further, the TRPA1 channel was found to be functional, as stimulation with the TRPA1 agonist AITC caused an increase in Ca(2+) influx, which was attenuated by the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. Genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of TRPA1 downregulated the production of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, IL-6, and PGE2 in osteoarthritic chondrocytes and murine cartilage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The TRPA1 cation channel was found to be functionally expressed in primary human OA chondrocytes, which is an original finding. The presence and inflammatory and catabolic effects of TRPA1 in human OA chondrocytes propose a highly intriguing role for TRPA1 as a pathogenic factor and drug target in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Nummenmaa
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lauri J Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Erja-Leena Paukkeri
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riina M Nieminen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li DG, Du HY, Gerhard S, Imke M, Liu W. Inhibition of TRPV1 prevented skin irritancy induced by phenoxyethanol. A preliminary in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 39:11-16. [PMID: 27168163 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in personal care products. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) on cell membrane is activated by TRPV1 agonist capsaicin resulting in an opening of the channel for calcium influx, which is linked with neurosensory sensations characterized by itching, burning and stinging of skin. Whether uncomfortable skin sensations caused by phenoxyethanol claimed by people having sensitive skin are also due to activation of TRPV1 has not been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the TRPV1 is involved in the induction of itching and burning sensation by phenoxyethanol. METHODS AND MATERIALS The effect of phenoxyethanol on TRPV1 was assessed in vitro on HaCaT cells. The activation of TRPV1 and its inhibition by a TRPV1 antagonist were evaluated by cellular calcium influx. TRPV1 protein expression was also investigated by Western blot. In vivo in a split-face study, phenoxyethanol formulated at 1% was compared to a formulation additionally containing a TRPV1 antagonist. By applying the formulations to the nasolabial fold, the scores of phenoxyethanol-induced sensations were compared to those of the TRPV1 antagonist. RESULTS In vitro phenoxyethanol induced calcium influx in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner after 20 min. This effect was abolished by a solution containing the TRPV1 antagonist trans-tert-butyl cyclohexanol (ID1609). Phenoxyethanol had no effect on the expression of TRPV1, whereas capsaicin caused a significant downregulation of this receptor in the same experiment. In vivo 1% phenoxyethanol induced a skin burning and itching sensation in a cohort of 60 of 243 Chinese female subjects being sensitive to phenoxyethanol discomfort. The uncomfortable skin sensations were significantly inhibited by ID1609. CONCLUSIONS Different to capsaicin, phenoxyethanol did not downregulate the expression of TRPV1 in HaCaT cells, suggesting that different regulatory mechanisms may exist for capsaicin and phenoxyethanol. Our experiments demonstrated that phenoxyethanol induces skin misperception and uncomfortable skin sensations like itching and burning comparable to capsaicin via activating TRPV1. The stimulation was inhibited by blocking TRPV1 with ID1609. The present data strengthened hitherto studies that TRPV1 plays a critical role in sensitive skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D-G Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Fucheng Road No. 30, Beijing, China
| | - H-Y Du
- Department of Dermatology, The Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Fucheng Road No. 30, Beijing, China
| | - S Gerhard
- Explorative Reseach Scent & Care, Innovation Life Essentials, Symrise Co. Lt, Muhlenfeldstr, Holzminden, Germany
| | - M Imke
- Explorative Reseach Scent & Care, Innovation Life Essentials, Symrise Co. Lt, Muhlenfeldstr, Holzminden, Germany
| | - W Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Fucheng Road No. 30, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
High-Concentration L-Menthol Exhibits Counter-Irritancy to Neurogenic Inflammation, Thermal and Mechanical Hyperalgesia Caused by Trans-cinnamaldehyde. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016; 17:919-29. [PMID: 27260636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M 8 (TRPM8) agonist L-menthol has been used traditionally for its topical counterirritant properties. Although the use of topical L-menthol for pain is casuistically established, evidence regarding its efficacy is negligible. This study aimed to characterize the effect of L-menthol as a counterirritant on cutaneous pain and hyperalgesia provoked by topical application of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1) agonist trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA). In a randomized, double-blinded study CA was applied to a 3 × 3-cm area of the volar forearm evoking neurogenic inflammation, pain, mechanical, and thermal hyperalgesia in 14 healthy volunteers. In different sessions, 10% CA alone or 40% L-menthol applied simultaneously with 10% CA were administered for 20 minutes, throughout which the subjects rated the pain intensity on a visual analogue scale of 0 to 10. Extensive quantitative sensory testing was conducted and superficial blood flow (neurogenic inflammation) was recorded. Administration of CA evoked spontaneous pain, neurogenic inflammation, thermal hyperalgesia, and primary and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia. Coadministration of topical L-menthol reduced spontaneous pain intensity (P < .01), neurogenic inflammation (P < .01), primary mechanical hyperalgesia (P < .05), secondary mechanical hyperalgesia (P < .05), and heat hyperalgesia (P < .05), but not cold hyperalgesia. L-menthol exhibited inhibitory effects on simultaneously established pain, hypersensitivity, and neurogenic inflammation in a human TRPA1-induced pain model. Potent TRPM8 agonists could be useful as topical antihyperalgesics. The study and the trial protocol is registered and approved by the local research ethics committee under the jurisdiction of the Danish Medicines Agency number N-20130005. The protocol also is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov under NCT02653703. PERSPECTIVE Drugs interacting with transient receptor potential channels are of great therapeutic potential. In the present study we established cutaneous pain and hyperalgesia using the TRPA1 agonist CA. Subsequently, we showed that the frequently used topical counterirritant and TRPM8 agonist, L-menthol, decreased evoked pain, hyperalgesia, and inflammation, indicating direct and indirect antinociceptive mechanisms.
Collapse
|
34
|
McEntire DM, Kirkpatrick DR, Dueck NP, Kerfeld MJ, Smith TA, Nelson TJ, Reisbig MD, Agrawal DK. Pain transduction: a pharmacologic perspective. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:1069-80. [PMID: 27137678 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2016.1183481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain represents a necessary physiological function yet remains a significant pathological process in humans across the world. The transduction of a nociceptive stimulus refers to the processes that turn a noxious stimulus into a transmissible neurological signal. This involves a number of ion channels that facilitate the conversion of nociceptive stimulus into and electrical signal. AREAS COVERED An understanding of nociceptive physiology complements a discussion of analgesic pharmacology. Therefore, the two are presented together. In this review article, a critical evaluation is provided on research findings relating to both the physiology and pharmacology of relevant acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels, and voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels. Expert commentary: Despite significant steps toward identifying new and more effective modalities to treat pain, there remain many avenues of inquiry related to pain transduction. The activity of ASICs in nociception has been demonstrated but the physiology is not fully understood. A number of medications appear to interact with ASICs but no research has demonstrated pain-relieving clinical utility. Direct antagonism of TRPV1 channels is not in practice due to concerning side effects. However, work in this area is ongoing. Additional research in the of TRPA1, TRPV3, and TRPM8 may yield useful results. Local anesthetics are widely used. However, the risk for systemic effects limits the maximal safe dosage. Selective Nav antagonists have been identified that lack systemic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan M McEntire
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Daniel R Kirkpatrick
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Nicholas P Dueck
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Mitchell J Kerfeld
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Tyler A Smith
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Taylor J Nelson
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Mark D Reisbig
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Anesthesiology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sulzberger M, Worthmann AC, Holtzmann U, Buck B, Jung K, Schoelermann A, Rippke F, Stäb F, Wenck H, Neufang G, Grönniger E. Effective treatment for sensitive skin: 4-t-butylcyclohexanol and licochalcone A. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30 Suppl 1:9-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sulzberger
- Research & Development; Beiersdorf AG; Hamburg Germany
| | | | - U. Holtzmann
- Research & Development; Beiersdorf AG; Hamburg Germany
| | - B. Buck
- Research & Development; Beiersdorf AG; Hamburg Germany
| | - K.A. Jung
- Research & Development; Beiersdorf AG; Hamburg Germany
| | | | - F. Rippke
- Research & Development; Beiersdorf AG; Hamburg Germany
| | - F. Stäb
- Research & Development; Beiersdorf AG; Hamburg Germany
| | - H. Wenck
- Research & Development; Beiersdorf AG; Hamburg Germany
| | - G. Neufang
- Research & Development; Beiersdorf AG; Hamburg Germany
| | - E. Grönniger
- Research & Development; Beiersdorf AG; Hamburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Moilanen LJ, Hämäläinen M, Nummenmaa E, Ilmarinen P, Vuolteenaho K, Nieminen RM, Lehtimäki L, Moilanen E. Monosodium iodoacetate-induced inflammation and joint pain are reduced in TRPA1 deficient mice--potential role of TRPA1 in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:2017-26. [PMID: 26521748 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intra-articularly injected monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induces joint pathology mimicking osteoarthritis (OA) and it is a widely used experimental model of OA. MIA induces acute inflammation, cartilage degradation and joint pain. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel known to mediate nociception and neurogenic inflammation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TRPA1 would be involved in the development of MIA-induced acute inflammation, cartilage changes and joint pain. METHODS The effects of pharmacological blockade (by TCS 5861528) and genetic depletion of TRPA1 were studied in MIA-induced acute paw inflammation. Cartilage changes (histological scoring) and joint pain (weight-bearing test) in MIA-induced experimental OA were compared between wild type and TRPA1 deficient mice. The effects of MIA were also studied in primary human OA chondrocytes and in mouse cartilage. RESULTS MIA evoked acute inflammation, degenerative cartilage changes and joint pain in wild type mice. Interestingly, these responses were attenuated in TRPA1 deficient animals. MIA-induced paw inflammation was associated with increased tissue levels of substance P; and the inflammatory edema was reduced by pretreatment with catalase, with the TRPA1 antagonist TCS 5861528 and with the neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist L703,606. In chondrocytes, MIA enhanced interleukin-1 induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, an effect that was blunted by pharmacological inhibition and genetic depletion of TRPA1. CONCLUSIONS TRPA1 was found to mediate acute inflammation and the development of degenerative cartilage changes and joint pain in MIA-induced experimental OA in the mouse. The results reveal TRPA1 as a potential mediator and drug target in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - M Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - E Nummenmaa
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - P Ilmarinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - K Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - R M Nieminen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - L Lehtimäki
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - E Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fischer MJM, Soller KJ, Sauer SK, Kalucka J, Veglia G, Reeh PW. Formalin evokes calcium transients from the endoplasmatic reticulum. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123762. [PMID: 25875358 PMCID: PMC4398422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formalin test is the most widely used behavioral screening test for analgesic compounds. The cellular mechanism of action of formaldehyde, inducing a typically biphasic pain-related behavior in rodents is addressed in this study. The chemoreceptor channel TRPA1 was suggested as primary transducer, but the high concentrations used in the formalin test elicit a similar response in TRPA1 wildtype and knockout animals. Here we show that formaldehyde evokes a dose-dependent calcium release from intracellular stores in mouse sensory neurons and primary keratinocytes as well as in non-neuronal cell lines, and independent of TRPA1. The source of calcium is the endoplasmatic reticulum and inhibition of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase has a major contribution. This TRPA1-independent mechanism may underlie formaldehyde-induced pan-neuronal excitation and subsequent inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. M. Fischer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kailey J. Soller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - Susanne K. Sauer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- VIB Vesalius Research Center, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Reeh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The TRPA1 channel in inflammatory and neuropathic pain and migraine. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 167:1-43. [PMID: 24668446 DOI: 10.1007/112_2014_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a member of the TRP superfamily of channels, is primarily localized to a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal, vagal, and dorsal root ganglia. This subset of nociceptors produces and releases the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which mediate neurogenic inflammatory responses. TRPA1 is activated by a number of exogenous compounds, including molecules of botanical origin, environmental irritants, and medicines. However, the most prominent feature of TRPA1 resides in its unique sensitivity for large series of reactive byproducts of oxidative and nitrative stress. Here, the role of TRPA1 in models of different types of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain and migraine, is summarized. Specific attention is paid to TRPA1 as the main contributing mechanism to the transition of mechanical and cold hypersensitivity from an acute to a chronic condition and as the primary transducing pathway by which oxidative/nitrative stress produces acute nociception, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. A series of migraine triggers or medicines have been reported to modulate TRPA1 activity and the ensuing CGRP release. Thus, TRPA1 antagonists may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and migraine.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ho JC, Lee CH. TRP channels in skin: from physiological implications to clinical significances. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015; 11:17-24. [PMID: 27493510 PMCID: PMC4736792 DOI: 10.2142/biophysics.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TRP channels are expressed in various cells in skin. As an organ system to border the host and environment, many nonneuronal cells, including epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes, express several TRP channels functionally distinct from sensory processing. TRPV1 and TRPV3 in keratinocytes of the epidermis and hair apparatus inhibit proliferation, induce terminal differentiation, induce apoptosis, and promote inflammation. Activation of TRPV4, 6, and TRPA1 promotes regeneration of the severed skin barriers. TRPA1 also enhances responses in contact hypersensitivity. TRPCs in keratinocytes regulate epidermal differentiation. In human diseases with pertubered epidermal differentiation, the expression of TRPCs are altered. TRPMs, which contribute to melanin production in melanocytes, serve as significant prognosis markers in patients with metastatic melanoma. In summary, not only act in sensory processing, TRP channels also contribute to epidermal differentiation, proliferation, barrier integration, skin regeneration, and immune responses. In diseases with aberrant TRP channels, TRP channels might be good therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chen Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Moilanen LJ, Hämäläinen M, Lehtimäki L, Nieminen RM, Moilanen E. Urate crystal induced inflammation and joint pain are reduced in transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 deficient mice--potential role for transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 in gout. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117770. [PMID: 25658427 PMCID: PMC4319920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In gout, monosodium urate (MSU) crystals deposit intra-articularly and cause painful arthritis. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that Transient Receptor Poten-tial Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), an ion channel mediating nociceptive signals and neurogenic in-flammation, is involved in MSU crystal-induced responses in gout by utilizing three experi-mental murine models. Methods The effects of selective pharmacological inhibition (by HC-030031) and genetic depletion of TRPA1 were studied in MSU crystal-induced inflammation and pain by using 1) spontaneous weight-bearing test to assess MSU crystal-induced joint pain, 2) subcutaneous air-pouch model resembling joint inflammation to measure MSU crystal-induced cytokine production and inflammatory cell accumulation, and 3) MSU crystal-induced paw edema to assess acute vascular inflammatory responses and swelling. Results Intra-articularly injected MSU crystals provoked spontaneous weight shift off from the affected limb in wild type but not in TRPA1 knock-out mice referring alleviated joint pain in TRPA1 deficient animals. MSU crystal-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and accumulation of cytokines MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1beta, MPO, MIP-1alpha and MIP-2 into subcu-taneous air-pouch (resembling joint cavity) was attenuated in TRPA1 deficient mice and in mice treated with the selective TRPA1 inhibitor HC-030031 as compared to control animals. Further, HC-030031 treated and TRPA1 deficient mice developed tempered inflammatory edema when MSU crystals were injected into the paw. Conclusions TRPA1 mediates MSU crystal-induced inflammation and pain in experimental models supporting the role of TRPA1 as a potential mediator and a drug target in gout flare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauri J. Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lauri Lehtimäki
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riina M. Nieminen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tóth BI, Oláh A, Szöllősi AG, Bíró T. TRP channels in the skin. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2568-81. [PMID: 24372189 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels not only act as 'polymodal cellular sensors' on sensory neurons but are also functionally expressed by a multitude of non-neuronal cell types. This is especially true in the skin, one of the largest organs of the body, where they appear to be critically involved in regulating various cutaneous functions both under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we focus on introducing the roles of several cutaneous TRP channels in the regulation of the skin barrier, skin cell proliferation and differentiation, and immune functions. Moreover, we also describe the putative involvement of several TRP channels in the development of certain skin diseases and identify future TRP channel-targeted therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs I Tóth
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pinheiro FDV, Villarinho JG, Silva CR, Oliveira SM, Pinheiro KDV, Petri D, Rossato MF, Guerra GP, Trevisan G, Antonello Rubin M, Geppetti P, Ferreira J, André E. The involvement of the TRPA1 receptor in a mouse model of sympathetically maintained neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 747:105-13. [PMID: 25498793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic fibres maintain some forms of neuropathic pain, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the possible involvement of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and the role of the sympathetic nervous system (involved in sympathetically maintained neuropathic pain) in a model of neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) in mice. Systemic injection of the selective TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 reversed the mechanical and cold allodynia that was induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI). Nerve injury also sensitised mice to nociception, which was induced by the intraplantar injection of a low dose of the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate without changing TRPA1 immunoreactivity in the injected paw. Furthermore, chemical sympathectomy produced by guanethidine largely prevented CCI-induced mechanical and cold allodynia. CCI also induced a norepinephrine-triggered nociception that was inhibited by an α-adrenoceptor antagonist, norepinephrine transporter block and monoamine oxidase inhibition. Finally, the peripheral injection of HC-030031 also largely reduced CCI-induced norepinephrine nociception and mechanical or cold allodynia. Taken together, the present findings reveal a critical role of TRPA1 in mechanical and cold hypersensitivity and norepinephrine hypersensitivity following nerve injury. Finally, our results suggest that TRPA1 antagonism may be useful to treat patients who present sympathetically maintained neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francielle de Vargas Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jardel Gomes Villarinho
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cássia Regina Silva
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly de Vargas Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Delia Petri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mateus Fortes Rossato
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maribel Antonello Rubin
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina,Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Eunice André
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
A plant-derived anti-nociceptive spray for reduction of pain with photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:467-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
44
|
Honda K, Shinoda M, Furukawa A, Kita K, Noma N, Iwata K. TRPA1 contributes to capsaicin-induced facial cold hyperalgesia in rats. Eur J Oral Sci 2014; 122:391-6. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuniya Honda
- Department of Physiology; Nihon University School of Dentistry; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Nihon University School of Dentistry; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology; Nihon University School of Dentistry; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akihiko Furukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Nihon University School of Dentistry; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kozue Kita
- Department of Physiology; Nihon University School of Dentistry; Tokyo Japan
| | - Noboru Noma
- Department of Oral Diagnosis; Nihon University School of Dentistry; Tokyo Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology; Nihon University School of Dentistry; Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sivamani RK. Eicosanoids and Keratinocytes in Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:476-481. [PMID: 25032067 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Eicosanoids are biologically active lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid that are important in injury and inflammatory responses. Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mediate the production of prostanoids, whereas 5-lipoxygenase mediates the production of leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. These lipid mediators have traditionally been known to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of injury and inflammation. However, they also interact with various cells that are resident to the wound bed, including modulation of keratinocyte activity. Recent Advances: Recent work has identified multiple prostanoid and leukotriene receptors on keratinocytes, indicating that eicosanoids directly interact with them. Recent work also shows that keratinocytes are capable of producing prostanoids and leukotrienes. Critical Issues: Much of the critical work has been performed in cell culture and mouse in vivo models. This has greatly expanded our understanding of the eicosanoid interactions with keratinocytes and wound healing in general. However, few of these in vivo models have been able to critically evaluate keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization. Future Directions: As research continues in this exciting field, the cellular pathways stimulated by the eicosanoids will become better defined. Future research with excisional wound models in mice and pigs and ex vivo human skin models will better isolate the contribution of eicosanoid-mediated effects on keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja K. Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
47
|
Olsen R, Andersen H, Møller H, Eskelund P, Arendt-Nielsen L. Somatosensory and vasomotor manifestations of individual and combined stimulation of TRPM8 and TRPA1 using topical L-menthol andtrans-cinnamaldehyde in healthy volunteers. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:1333-42. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.V. Olsen
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI); Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - H.H. Andersen
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI); Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - H.G. Møller
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI); Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - P.W. Eskelund
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI); Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - L. Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI); Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abundant expression and functional participation of TRPV1 at Zusanli acupoint (ST36) in mice: mechanosensitive TRPV1 as an "acupuncture-responding channel". BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:96. [PMID: 24612851 PMCID: PMC3984709 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Acupuncture is a therapy that involves applying mechanical stimulation to acupoints using needles. Although acupuncture is believed to trigger neural regulation by opioids or adenosine, still little is known about how physical stimulation is turned into neurological signaling. The transient receptor potential vanilloid receptors 1 and 4 (TRPV1 and TRPV4) and the acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) are regarded as mechanosensitive channels. This study aimed to clarify their role at the Zusanli acupoint (ST36) and propose possible sensing pathways linking channel activation to neurological signaling. Methods First, tissues from different anatomical layers of ST36 and the sham point were sampled, and channel expressions between the two points were compared using western blotting. Second, immunofluorescence was performed at ST36 to reveal distribution pattern of the channels. Third, agonist of the channels were injected into ST36 and tested in a mouse inflammatory pain model to seek if agonist injection could replicate acupuncture-like analgesic effect. Last, the components of proposed downstream sensing pathway were tested with western blotting to determine if they were expressed in tissues with positive mechanosensitive channel expression. Results The results from western blotting demonstrated an abundance of TRPV1, TRPV4, and ASIC3 in anatomical layers of ST36. Furthermore, immunofluorescence showed these channels were expressed in both neural and non-neural cells at ST36. However, only capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, replicated the analgesic effect of acupuncture when injected into ST36. Components of calcium wave propagation (CWP, the proposed downstream sensing pathway) were also expressed in tissues with abundant TRPV1 expression, the muscle and epimysium layers. Conclusions The results demonstrated mechanosensitive channel TRPV1 is highly expressed at ST36 and possibly participated in acupuncture related analgesia. Since CWP was reported by other to occur during acupuncture and its components were shown here to express in tissues with positive TRPV1 expression. These findings suggest TRPV1 might act as acupuncture-responding channel by sensing physical stimulation from acupuncture and conducting the signaling via CWP to nerve terminals. This study provided a better understanding between physical stimulation from acupuncture to neurological signaling.
Collapse
|
49
|
Mitchell K, Lebovitz EE, Keller JM, Mannes AJ, Nemenov MI, Iadarola MJ. Nociception and inflammatory hyperalgesia evaluated in rodents using infrared laser stimulation after Trpv1 gene knockout or resiniferatoxin lesion. Pain 2014; 155:733-745. [PMID: 24434730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
TRPV1 is expressed in a subpopulation of myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C-fibers. TRPV1+ fibers are essential for the transmission of nociceptive thermal stimuli and for the establishment and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia. We have previously shown that high-power, short-duration pulses from an infrared diode laser are capable of predominantly activating cutaneous TRPV1+ Aδ-fibers. Here we show that stimulating either subtype of TRPV1+ fiber in the paw during carrageenan-induced inflammation or following hind-paw incision elicits pronounced hyperalgesic responses, including prolonged paw guarding. The ultrapotent TRPV1 agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX) dose-dependently deactivates TRPV1+ fibers and blocks thermal nociceptive responses in baseline or inflamed conditions. Injecting sufficient doses of RTX peripherally renders animals unresponsive to laser stimulation even at the point of acute thermal skin damage. In contrast, Trpv1-/- mice, which are generally unresponsive to noxious thermal stimuli at lower power settings, exhibit withdrawal responses and inflammation-induced sensitization using high-power, short duration Aδ stimuli. In rats, systemic morphine suppresses paw withdrawal, inflammatory guarding, and hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent fashion using the same Aδ stimuli. The qualitative intensity of Aδ responses, the leftward shift of the stimulus-response curve, the increased guarding behaviors during carrageenan inflammation or after incision, and the reduction of Aδ responses with morphine suggest multiple roles for TRPV1+ Aδ fibers in nociceptive processes and their modulation of pathological pain conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Mitchell
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA Lasmed LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA Neurobiology and Pain Therapeutics Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Saul S, Stanisz H, Backes CS, Schwarz EC, Hoth M. How ORAI and TRP channels interfere with each other: interaction models and examples from the immune system and the skin. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 739:49-59. [PMID: 24291108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Four types of Ca(2+) selective ion channels are known, ten voltage gated Ca(2+) (CaV) channels, four CatSper channels, three store operated CRAC channels (ORAI channels) and at least two members of the TRPV subfamily (TRPV5, TRPV6). Some of the other TRP channels also show some Ca(2+) selectivity like certain splice variants of TRPM3. In addition to Ca(2+) selective channels, various cation channels play an important role for Ca(2+) entry and furthermore, they may also regulate Ca(2+) entry through other channels by modulating the membrane potential or other means as outlined in this review. Of the different types of cation channels, TRP channels form one of the most prominent families of non-selective cation channels with functional relevance in electrically non-excitable and electrically excitable cell types. Among these, the seven channels of the TRPC subfamily are rather non-selective with very modest Ca(2+) selectivity, whereas in the other subfamilies, cation selectivity ranges from monovalent selectivity (i.e. TRPM4, TRPM5) to divalent selectivity (i.e. TRPM6, TRPM7) or Ca(2+) selectivity (i.e. TRPV5, TRPV6). Rather than discussing the heavily reviewed individual functions of ORAI or TRP channels, we summarize data and present models how TRP and ORAI may functionally interact to guide cellular functions. We focus on T lymphocytes representing a more ORAI-dominated tissue and skin as model system in which both ORAI and TRP channel have been reported to control relevant functions. We present several interaction models how ORAI and TRP may interfere with each other's function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Saul
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hedwig Stanisz
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian S Backes
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|