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Sigalas PP, Bennett T, Buchner P, Thomas SG, Jamois F, Arkoun M, Yvin JC, Bennett MJ, Hawkesford MJ. At the crossroads: strigolactones mediate changes in cytokinin synthesis and signalling in response to nitrogen limitation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 120:139-158. [PMID: 39136678 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are key regulators of shoot growth and responses to environmental stimuli. Numerous studies have indicated that nitrogen (N) limitation induces SL biosynthesis, suggesting that SLs may play a pivotal role in coordinating systemic responses to N availability, but this idea has not been clearly demonstrated. Here, we generated triple knockout mutants in the SL synthesis gene TaDWARF17 (TaD17) in bread wheat and investigated their phenotypic and transcriptional responses under N limitation, aiming to elucidate the role of SLs in the adaptation to N limitation. Tad17 mutants display typical SL mutant phenotypes, and fail to adapt their shoot growth appropriately to N. Despite exhibiting an increased tillering phenotype, Tad17 mutants continued to respond to N limitation by reducing tiller number, suggesting that SLs are not the sole regulators of tillering in response to N availability. RNA-seq analysis of basal nodes revealed that the loss of D17 significantly altered the transcriptional response of N-responsive genes, including changes in the expression profiles of key N response master regulators. Crucially, our findings suggest that SLs are required for the transcriptional downregulation of cytokinin (CK) synthesis and signalling in response to N limitation. Collectively, our results suggest that SLs are essential for the appropriate morphological and transcriptional adaptation to N limitation in wheat, and that the repressive effect of SLs on shoot growth is partly mediated by their repression of CK synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Bennett
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter Buchner
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Frank Jamois
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie et Bioanalytique, Centre Mondial d'Innovation of Roullier Group, 18 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, Saint-Malo, 35400, France
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Plant Nutrition R&D Department, Centre Mondial d'Innovation of Roullier Group, 18 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, Saint-Malo, 35400, France
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Plant Nutrition R&D Department, Centre Mondial d'Innovation of Roullier Group, 18 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, Saint-Malo, 35400, France
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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2
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Eckardt NA, Avin-Wittenberg T, Bassham DC, Chen P, Chen Q, Fang J, Genschik P, Ghifari AS, Guercio AM, Gibbs DJ, Heese M, Jarvis RP, Michaeli S, Murcha MW, Mursalimov S, Noir S, Palayam M, Peixoto B, Rodriguez PL, Schaller A, Schnittger A, Serino G, Shabek N, Stintzi A, Theodoulou FL, Üstün S, van Wijk KJ, Wei N, Xie Q, Yu F, Zhang H. The lowdown on breakdown: Open questions in plant proteolysis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2931-2975. [PMID: 38980154 PMCID: PMC11371169 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Proteolysis, including post-translational proteolytic processing as well as protein degradation and amino acid recycling, is an essential component of the growth and development of living organisms. In this article, experts in plant proteolysis pose and discuss compelling open questions in their areas of research. Topics covered include the role of proteolysis in the cell cycle, DNA damage response, mitochondrial function, the generation of N-terminal signals (degrons) that mark many proteins for degradation (N-terminal acetylation, the Arg/N-degron pathway, and the chloroplast N-degron pathway), developmental and metabolic signaling (photomorphogenesis, abscisic acid and strigolactone signaling, sugar metabolism, and postharvest regulation), plant responses to environmental signals (endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation, chloroplast-associated degradation, drought tolerance, and the growth-defense trade-off), and the functional diversification of peptidases. We hope these thought-provoking discussions help to stimulate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Poyu Chen
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Abi S Ghifari
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daniel J Gibbs
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B1 2RU, UK
| | - Maren Heese
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - R Paul Jarvis
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Simon Michaeli
- Department of Postharvest Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Monika W Murcha
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Sergey Mursalimov
- Department of Postharvest Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Sandra Noir
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Malathy Palayam
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruno Peixoto
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia ES-46022, Spain
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - Giovanna Serino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Universita’ di Roma, p.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Annick Stintzi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | | | - Suayib Üstün
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Klaas J van Wijk
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ning Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
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3
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Sun Y, Tian Z, Zuo D, Cheng H, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Lv L, Song G. Strigolactone-induced degradation of SMXL7 and SMXL8 contributes to gibberellin- and auxin-mediated fiber cell elongation in cotton. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3875-3893. [PMID: 39046066 PMCID: PMC11371155 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium) fiber length, a key trait determining fiber yield and quality, is highly regulated by a class of recently identified phytohormones, strigolactones (SLs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of SL signaling involved in fiber cell development are largely unknown. Here, we show that the SL signaling repressors MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2-LIKE7 (GhSMXL7) and GhSMXL8 negatively regulate cotton fiber elongation. Specifically, GhSMXL7 and GhSMXL8 inhibit the polyubiquitination and degradation of the gibberellin (GA)-triggered DELLA protein (GhSLR1). Biochemical analysis revealed that GhSMXL7 and GhSMXL8 physically interact with GhSLR1, which interferes with the association of GhSLR1 with the E3 ligase GA INSENSITIVE2 (GhGID2), leading to the repression of GA signal transduction. GhSMXL7 also interacts with the transcription factor GhHOX3, preventing its binding to the promoters of essential fiber elongation regulatory genes. Moreover, both GhSMXL7 and GhSMXL8 directly bind to the promoter regions of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) genes GhARF18-10A, GhARF18-10D, and GhARF19-7D to suppress their expression. Cotton plants in which GhARF18-10A, GhARF18-10D, and GhARF19-7D transcript levels had been reduced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) displayed reduced fiber length compared with control plants. Collectively, our findings reveal a mechanism illustrating how SL integrates GA and auxin signaling to coordinately regulate plant cell elongation at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zailong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Limin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Guoli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Veerabagu M, van der Schoot C, Turečková V, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Rinne PLH. Light on perenniality: Para-dormancy is based on ABA-GA antagonism and endo-dormancy on the shutdown of GA biosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1785-1804. [PMID: 36760106 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Perennial para- and endo-dormancy are seasonally separate phenomena. Whereas para-dormancy is the suppression of axillary buds (AXBs) by a growing shoot, endo-dormancy is the short-day elicited arrest of terminal and AXBs. In hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) compromising the apex releases para-dormancy, whereas endo-dormancy requires chilling. ABA and GA are implicated in both phenomena. To untangle their roles, we blocked ABA biosynthesis with fluridone (FD), which significantly reduced ABA levels, downregulated GA-deactivation genes, upregulated the major GA3ox-biosynthetic genes, and initiated branching. Comprehensive GA-metabolite analyses suggested that FD treatment shifted GA production to the non-13-hydroxylation pathway, enhancing GA4 function. Applied ABA counteracted FD effects on GA metabolism and downregulated several GA3/4 -inducible α- and γ-clade 1,3-β-glucanases that hydrolyze callose at plasmodesmata (PD), thereby enhancing PD-callose accumulation. Remarkably, ABA-deficient plants repressed GA4 biosynthesis and established endo-dormancy like controls but showed increased stress sensitivity. Repression of GA4 biosynthesis involved short-day induced DNA methylation events within the GA3ox2 promoter. In conclusion, the results cast new light on the roles of ABA and GA in dormancy cycling. In para-dormancy, PD-callose turnover is antagonized by ABA, whereas in short-day conditions, lack of GA4 biosynthesis promotes callose deposition that is structurally persistent throughout endo-dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Päivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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5
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Zhang R, Dong Y, Li Y, Ren G, Chen C, Jin X. SLs signal transduction gene CsMAX2 of cucumber positively regulated to salt, drought and ABA stress in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Gene 2023; 864:147282. [PMID: 36822526 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that strigolactones (SLs) participate in the regulation of stress adaptation, however, the mechanisms remain elusive. MAX2 (MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2) is the key gene in the signal transduction pathway of SLs. This study aimed to clone and functionally characterize the CsMAX2 gene of cucumber in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the expression levels of the CsMAX2 gene changed significantly after salt, drought, and ABA stresses in cucumber. Moreover, the overexpression of CsMAX2 promoted stress tolerance and increased the germination rate and root length of Arabidopsis thaliana. Meanwhile, the content of chlorophyll increased and malondialdehyde decreased in CsMAX2 OE lines under salt and drought stresses. Additionally, the expression levels of stress-related marker genes, especially AREB1 and COR15A, were significantly upregulated under salt stress, while the expression levels of all genes were upregulated under drought stress, except ABI4 and ABI5 genes. The level of NCED3 continued to rise under both salt and drought stresses. In addition, D10 and D27 gene expression level also showed a continuous increase under ABA stress. The result suggested the interaction between SL and ABA in the process of adapting to stress. Overall, CsMAX2 could positively regulate salt, drought, and ABA stress resistance, and this process correlated with ABA transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runming Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlong Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China; Horticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyue Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
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6
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Guercio AM, Palayam M, Shabek N. Strigolactones: diversity, perception, and hydrolysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:339-360. [PMID: 37201177 PMCID: PMC10191409 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a unique and novel class of phytohormones that regulate numerous processes of growth and development in plants. Besides their endogenous functions as hormones, SLs are exuded by plant roots to stimulate critical interactions with symbiotic fungi but can also be exploited by parasitic plants to trigger their seed germination. In the past decade, since their discovery as phytohormones, rapid progress has been made in understanding the SL biosynthesis and signaling pathway. Of particular interest are the diversification of natural SLs and their exact mode of perception, selectivity, and hydrolysis by their dedicated receptors in plants. Here we provide an overview of the emerging field of SL perception with a focus on the diversity of canonical, non-canonical, and synthetic SL probes. Moreover, this review offers useful structural insights into SL perception, the precise molecular adaptations that define receptor-ligand specificities, and the mechanisms of SL hydrolysis and its attenuation by downstream signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Malathy Palayam
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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7
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Wang X, Wang Q, Yan L, Hao Y, Lian X, Zhang H, Zheng X, Cheng J, Wang W, Zhang L, Ye X, Li J, Tan B, Feng J. PpTCP18 is upregulated by lncRNA5 and controls branch number in peach ( Prunus persica) through positive feedback regulation of strigolactone biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac224. [PMID: 36643759 PMCID: PMC9832876 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Branch number is an important agronomic trait in peach (Prunus persica) trees because plant architecture affects fruit yield and quality. Although breeders can select varieties with different tree architecture, the biological mechanisms underlying architecture remain largely unclear. In this study, a pillar peach ('Zhaoshouhong') and a standard peach ('Okubo') were compared. 'Zhaoshouhong' was found to have significantly fewer secondary branches than 'Okubo'. Treatment with the synthetic strigolactone (SL) GR24 decreased branch number. Transcriptome analysis indicated that PpTCP18 (a homologous gene of Arabidopsis thaliana BRC1) expression was negatively correlated with strigolactone synthesis gene expression, indicating that PpTCP18 may play an important role in peach branching. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, dual-luciferase assays and PpTCP18-knockdown in peach leaf buds indicated that PpTCP18 could increase expression of PpLBO1, PpMAX1, and PpMAX4. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PpTCP18 clearly exhibited reduced primary rosette-leaf branches. Moreover, lncRNA sequencing and transient expression analysis revealed that lncRNA5 targeted PpTCP18, significantly increasing PpTCP18 expression. These results provide insights into the mRNA and lncRNA network in the peach SL signaling pathway and indicate that PpTCP18, a transcription factor downstream of SL signaling, is involved in positive feedback regulation of SL biosynthesis. This role of PpTCP18 may represent a novel mechanism in peach branching regulation. Our study improves current understanding of the mechanisms underlying peach branching and provides theoretical support for genetic improvement of peach tree architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lixia Yan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Hao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jidong Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
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Rehman N, Khan FU, Imran M, Rajput SA, Li Y, Ullah I, Akhtar RW, Imran M, AL-Huqail AA, Askary AE, Khalifa AS, Azhar MT. Knockdown of GmD53a confers strigolactones mediated rhizobia interaction and promotes nodulation in soybean. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12815. [PMID: 35116200 PMCID: PMC8784017 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) play a key role in modulating plant root growth, shoot branching, and plant-symbiont interaction. However, despite their significance, the components of SL biosynthesis and signaling in soybean and their role in soybean-rhizobia interaction is unknown. METHODS In this study, we identified and functionally characterized the GmD53a from soybean. The GmD53a ORFs were amplified from root cDNA using primers for GmD53a RNA interference. To induce transgenic hairy roots of soybean, electric shock was used to transform pB7WG1WG2 vectors containing GmD53a knockdown and GUS into K599 strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The hairy roots and nodules were collected and examined for root nodules ratio and RNA was extracted after 4 weeks of rhizobia inoculation. RESULTS A tissue-specific expression assay showed that GmD53a was differentially expressed in plant parts, predominantly in the stem and nodule. Furthermore, its expression was significantly up-regulated during rhizobia infection and varied with nodule formation. The GmD53a-knockdown chimerical plants were produced to further check its role in soybean nodulation in comparison with control GUS. In knockdown lines, the GmD53a (suppressor of strigolactone MAX2) has a higher number of nodules compared to control lines. Furthermore, the expression levels of several nodulation genes essential for initiation and formation of nodules were altered in GmD53a-knockdown lines. CONCLUSION The results revealed that SL biosynthesis and signaling are not conserved but also have close interaction between SL and legume rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Dodhial, Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ihteram Ullah
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rana waseem Akhtar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Salah Khalifa
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tehseen Azhar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
- School of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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9
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Bai Y, Zhao X, Yao X, Yao Y, An L, Li X, Wang Y, Gao X, Jia Y, Guan L, Li M, Wu K, Wang Z. Genome wide association study of plant height and tiller number in hulless barley. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260723. [PMID: 34855842 PMCID: PMC8639095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum), also called naked barley, is a unique variety of cultivated barley. The genome-wide specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) method is a rapid deep sequencing technology that is used for the selection and identification of genetic loci or markers. In this study, we collected 300 hulless barley accessions and used the SLAF-seq method to identify candidate genes involved in plant height (PH) and tiller number (TN). We obtained a total of 1407 M paired-end reads, and 228,227 SLAF tags were developed. After filtering using an integrity threshold of >0.8 and a minor allele frequency of >0.05, 14,504,892 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) loci were screened out. The remaining SNPs were used for the construction of a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree, and the three subcluster members showed no obvious differentiation among regional varieties. We used a genome wide association study approach to identify 1006 and 113 SNPs associated with TN and PH, respectively. Based on best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP), 41 and 29 SNPs associated with TN and PH, respectively. Thus, several of genes, including Hd3a and CKX5, may be useful candidates for the future genetic breeding of hulless barley. Taken together, our results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling barley architecture, which is important for breeding and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- Good Agricultural Practices Research Center of Traditional, Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Youhua Yao
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Likun An
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yatao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunlun Wu
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- * E-mail: (KW); (ZW)
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (KW); (ZW)
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10
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Bursch K, Niemann ET, Nelson DC, Johansson H. Karrikins control seedling photomorphogenesis and anthocyanin biosynthesis through a HY5-BBX transcriptional module. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1346-1362. [PMID: 34160854 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The butenolide molecule, karrikin (KAR), emerging in smoke of burned plant material, enhances light responses such as germination, inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. The KAR signaling pathway consists of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2), which, upon activation, act in an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to target the downstream signaling components SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE 2 (SMXL2) for degradation. How degradation of SMAX1 and SMXL2 is translated into growth responses remains unknown. Although light clearly influences the activity of KAR, the molecular connection between the two pathways is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the KAR signaling pathway promotes the activity of a transcriptional module consisting of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 20 (BBX20), and BBX21. The bbx20 bbx21 mutant is largely insensitive to treatment with KAR2 , similar to a hy5 mutant, with regards to inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and anthocyanin accumulation. Detailed analysis of higher order mutants in combination with RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that anthocyanin accumulation downstream of SMAX1 and SMXL2 is fully dependent on the HY5-BBX module. However, the promotion of hypocotyl elongation by SMAX1 and SMXL2 is, in contrast to KAR2 treatment, only partially dependent on BBX20, BBX21, and HY5. Taken together, these results suggest that light- and KAR-dependent signaling intersect at the HY5-BBX transcriptional module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bursch
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ella T Niemann
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Henrik Johansson
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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11
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Mizuno Y, Komatsu A, Shimazaki S, Naramoto S, Inoue K, Xie X, Ishizaki K, Kohchi T, Kyozuka J. Major components of the KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2-dependent signaling pathway are conserved in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2395-2411. [PMID: 33839776 PMCID: PMC8364241 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) was first identified as a receptor of karrikins, smoke-derived germination stimulants. KAI2 is also considered a receptor of an unidentified endogenous molecule called the KAI2 ligand. Upon KAI2 activation, signals are transmitted through the degradation of D53/SMXL proteins via MAX2-dependent ubiquitination. Although components in the KAI2-dependent signaling pathway, namely MpKAI2A and MpKAI2B, MpMAX2, and MpSMXL, exist in the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, their functions remain unknown. Here, we show that early thallus growth is retarded and gemma dormancy in the dark is suppressed in Mpkai2a and Mpmax2 loss-of-function mutants. These defects are counteracted in Mpkai2a Mpsmxl and Mpmax2 Mpsmxl double mutants indicating that MpKAI2A, MpMAX2, and MpSMXL act in the same genetic pathway. Introduction of MpSMXLd53, in which a domain required for degradation is mutated, into wild-type plants mimicks Mpkai2a and Mpmax2 plants. In addition, the detection of citrine fluorescence in Nicotiana benthamiana cells transiently expressing a SMXL-Citrine fusion protein requires treatment with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. These findings imply that MpSMXL is subjected to degradation, and that the degradation of MpSMXL is crucial for MpKAI2A-dependent signaling in M. polymorpha. Therefore, we claim that the basic mechanisms in the KAI2-dependent signaling pathway are conserved in M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mizuno
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Aino Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shota Shimazaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Inoue
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
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12
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Andersson I, Carlsson GH, Hasse D. Structural Analysis of Strigolactone-Related Gene Products. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2309:245-257. [PMID: 34028692 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1429-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Structural knowledge of biological macromolecules is essential for understanding their function and for modifying that function by engineering. Protein crystallography is a powerful method for elucidating molecular structures of proteins, but it is essential that the investigator has a basic knowledge of good practices and of the major pitfalls in the technique. Here we describe issues specific for the case of structural studies of strigolactone (SL) receptor structure and function, and in particular the difficulties associated with capturing complexes of SL receptors with the SL hormone ligand in the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Andersson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Gunilla H Carlsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dirk Hasse
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Kotov AA, Kotova LM, Romanov GA. Signaling network regulating plant branching: Recent advances and new challenges. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110880. [PMID: 33902848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Auxin alone or supplemented with cytokinins and strigolactones were long considered as the main player(s) in the control of apical dominance (AD) and correlative inhibition of the lateral bud outgrowth, the processes that shape the plant phenotype. However, past decade data indicate a more sophisticated pathways of AD regulation, with the involvement of mobile carbohydrates which perform both signal and trophic functions. Here we provide a critical comprehensive overview of the current status of the AD problem. This includes insight into intimate mechanisms regulating directed auxin transport in axillary buds with participation of phytohormones and sugars. Also roles of auxin, cytokinin and sugars in the dormancy or sustained growth of the lateral meristems were assigned. This review not only provides the latest data on implicated phytohormone crosstalk and its relationship with the signaling of sugars and abscisic acid, new AD players, but also focuses on the emerging biochemical mechanisms, at first positive feedback loops involving both sugars and hormones, that ensure the sustained bud growth. Data show that sugars act in concert with cytokinins but antagonistically to strigolactone signaling. A complex bud growth regulating network is demonstrated and unresolved issues regarding the hormone-carbohydrate regulation of AD are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Kotov
- Timirjazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Liudmila M Kotova
- Timirjazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy A Romanov
- Timirjazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia.
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14
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Bose U, Juhász A, Broadbent JA, Komatsu S, Colgrave ML. Multi-Omics Strategies for Decoding Smoke-Assisted Germination Pathways and Seed Vigour. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7512. [PMID: 33053786 PMCID: PMC7593932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of seed germination and the successful establishment of seedlings across diverse environmental conditions depends on seed vigour, which is of both economic and ecologic importance. The smoke-derived exogenous compound karrikins (KARs) and the endogenous plant hormone strigolactone (SL) are two classes of butanolide-containing molecules that follow highly similar signalling pathways to control diverse biological activities in plants. Unravelling the precise mode-of-action of these two classes of molecules in model species has been a key research objective. However, the specific and dynamic expression of biomolecules upon stimulation by these signalling molecules remains largely unknown. Genomic and post-genomic profiling approaches have enabled mining and association studies across the vast genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity. Here, we review the background of smoke-assisted germination and vigour and the current knowledge of how plants perceive KAR and SL signalling and initiate the crosstalk with the germination-associated hormone pathways. The recent advancement of 'multi-omics' applications are discussed in the context of KAR signalling and with relevance to their adoption for superior agronomic trait development. The remaining challenges and future opportunities for integrating multi-omics datasets associated with their application in KAR-dependent seed germination and abiotic stress tolerance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Bose
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; (U.B.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - James A. Broadbent
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; (U.B.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Department of Environmental and Food Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; (U.B.); (J.A.B.)
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;
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15
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Yang T, Lian Y, Kang J, Bian Z, Xuan L, Gao Z, Wang X, Deng J, Wang C. The SUPPRESSOR of MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-Like SMXL6, SMXL7 and SMXL8 Act as Negative Regulators in Response to Drought Stress in Arabidopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 61:1477-1492. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Drought represents a major threat to crop growth and yields. Strigolactones (SLs) contribute to regulating shoot branching by targeting the SUPPRESSOR OF MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2)-LIKE6 (SMXL6), SMXL7 and SMXL8 for degradation in a MAX2-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. Although SLs are implicated in plant drought response, the functions of the SMXL6, 7 and 8 in the SL-regulated plant response to drought stress have remained unclear. Here, we performed transcriptomic, physiological and biochemical analyses of smxl6, 7, 8 and max2 plants to understand the basis for SMXL6/7/8-regulated drought response. We found that three D53 (DWARF53)-Like SMXL members, SMXL6, 7 and 8, are involved in drought response as the smxl6smxl7smxl8 triple mutants showed markedly enhanced drought tolerance compared to wild type (WT). The smxl6smxl7smxl8 plants exhibited decreased leaf stomatal index, cuticular permeability and water loss, and increased anthocyanin biosynthesis during dehydration. Moreover, smxl6smxl7smxl8 were hypersensitive to ABA-induced stomatal closure and ABA responsiveness during and after germination. In addition, RNA-sequencing analysis of the leaves of the D53-like smxl mutants, SL-response max2 mutant and WT plants under normal and dehydration conditions revealed an SMXL6/7/8-mediated network controlling plant adaptation to drought stress via many stress- and/or ABA-responsive and SL-related genes. These data further provide evidence for crosstalk between ABA- and SL-dependent signaling pathways in regulating plant responses to drought. Our results demonstrate that SMXL6, 7 and 8 are vital components of SL signaling and are negatively involved in drought responses, suggesting that genetic manipulation of SMXL6/7/8-dependent SL signaling may provide novel ways to improve drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuke Lian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jihong Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lijuan Xuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhensheng Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chongying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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16
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Effects of strigolactone on photosynthetic and physiological characteristics in salt-stressed rice seedlings. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6183. [PMID: 32277136 PMCID: PMC7148377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Saline stress has been identified as the primary factor inhibiting rice seedling growth, which represents a complex abiotic stress process. Most plant hormones have been shown to alleviate the plant damage caused by salt stress. The effects of synthetic strigolactone (GR24) on Jinongda 667 rice seedlings treated with 200 mM NaCl were studied. Photosynthesis and its related physiological characteristics were analyzed in salt-stressed rice seedlings treated with GR24. NaCL stress inhibited the growth of the rice, including plant height and root length, by approximately 14% and 40%, respectively. Compared to the control check group (CK), the adverse effects of salt stress on the growth status, leaf photosynthesis, and physiological/biochemical indices in the rice seedlings were alleviated in the GR24 treatment group. With increases in the GR24 concentration, the plant height and root length of the seedlings increased. The plant height in the groups treated with 1/2 Hoagland's complete nutrient solution + 200 mM NaCl +1 μM GR24 (T4) and 1/2 Hoagland's complete nutrient solution + 200 mM NaCl +5 μM GR24 (T5) were significantly different than the 1/2 Hoagland's complete nutrient solution + 200 mM NaCl group (T1) (P < 0.05), and there were significant differences between the T5 and T1 groups in root length (P < 0.05).The chlorophyll content in the rice seedling leaves was significantly different between the T1 group and all other groups (P < 0.05). The net photosynthetic rate of the T1 group was not significantly different from the T2 group (P > 0.05). The transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentrations showed the same trends as the net photosynthetic rate. The MAD, POD, and SOD activities were significantly increased by 68%, 60%, 14%, respectively, compared to the CK group (P < 0.01). When the GR24 concentration was 1 μM, the rice seedlings were resistant to the adverse effects of high salt stress. Therefore, the addition of proper concentrations of GR24 could improve the rice yield in saline-alkali land.
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17
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Zhao B, Wu TT, Ma SS, Jiang DJ, Bie XM, Sui N, Zhang XS, Wang F. TaD27-B gene controls the tiller number in hexaploid wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:513-525. [PMID: 31350929 PMCID: PMC6953239 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tillering is a significant agronomic trait in wheat which shapes plant architecture and yield. Strigolactones (SLs) function in inhibiting axillary bud outgrowth. The roles of SLs in the regulation of bud outgrowth have been described in model plant species, including rice and Arabidopsis. However, the role of SLs genes in wheat remains elusive due to the size and complexity of the wheat genomes. In this study, TaD27 genes in wheat, orthologs of rice D27 encoding an enzyme involved in SLs biosynthesis, were identified. TaD27-RNAi wheat plants had more tillers, and TaD27-B-OE wheat plants had fewer tillers. Germination bioassay of Orobanche confirmed the SLs was deficient in TaD27-RNAi and excessive in TaD27-B-OE wheat plants. Moreover, application of exogenous GR24 or TIS108 could mediate the axillary bud outgrowth of TaD27-RNAi and TaD27-B-OE in the hydroponic culture, suggesting that TaD27-B plays critical roles in regulating wheat tiller number by participating in SLs biosynthesis. Unlike rice D27, plant height was not affected in the transgenic wheat plants. Transcription and gene coexpression network analysis showed that a number of genes are involved in the SLs signalling pathway and axillary bud development. Our results indicate that TaD27-B is a key factor in the regulation of tiller number in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandongChina
| | - Ting Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandongChina
| | - Shan Shan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandongChina
| | - Deng Ji Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandongChina
| | - Xiao Min Bie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandongChina
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant StressCollege of Life ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandongChina
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandongChina
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18
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Machin DC, Hamon-Josse M, Bennett T. Fellowship of the rings: a saga of strigolactones and other small signals. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:621-636. [PMID: 31442309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are an important class of plant signalling molecule with both external rhizospheric and internal hormonal functions in flowering plants. The past decade has seen staggering progress in strigolactone biology, permitting highly detailed understanding of their signalling, synthesis and biological roles - or so it seems. However, phylogenetic analyses show that strigolactone signalling mediated by the D14-SCFMAX2 -SMXL7 complex is only one of a number of closely related signalling pathways, and is much less ubiquitous in land plants than might be expected. The existence of closely related pathways, such as the KAI2-SMAX1 module, challenges many of our assumptions about strigolactones, and in particular emphasises how little we understand about the specificity of strigolactone signalling with respect to related signalling pathways. In this review, we examine recent advances in strigolactone signalling, taking a holistic evolutionary view to identify the ambiguities and uncertainties in our understanding. We highlight that while we now have highly detailed molecular models for the core mechanism of D14-SMXL7 signalling, we still do not understand the ligand specificity of D14, the specificity of its interaction with SMXL7, nor the specificity of SMXL7 function. Our analysis therefore identifies key areas requiring further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C Machin
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maxime Hamon-Josse
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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19
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Katyayini NU, Rinne PLH, van der Schoot C. Strigolactone-Based Node-to-Bud Signaling May Restrain Shoot Branching in Hybrid Aspen. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2797-2811. [PMID: 31504881 PMCID: PMC6896703 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis and roles of strigolactones (SLs) have been investigated in herbaceous plants, but so far, their role in trees has received little attention. In this study, we analyzed the presence, spatial/temporal expression and role of SL pathway genes in Populus tremula � Populus tremuloides. In this proleptic species, axillary buds (AXBs) become para-dormant at the bud maturation point, providing an unambiguous starting point to study AXB activation. We identified previously undescribed Populus homologs of DWARF27 (D27), LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE (LBO) and DWARF53-like (D53-like) and analyzed the relative expression of all SL pathway genes in root tips and shoot tissues. We found that, although AXBs expressed MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1) and LBO, they did not express MAX3 and MAX4, whereas nodal bark expressed high levels of all SL biosynthesis genes. By contrast, expression of the SL perception and signaling genes MAX2, D14 and D53 was high in AXBs relative to nodal bark and roots. This suggests that AXBs are reliant on the associated nodes for the import of SLs and SL precursors. Activation of AXBs was initiated by decapitation and single-node isolation. This rapidly downregulated SL pathway genes downstream of MAX4, although later these genes were upregulated coincidently with primordia formation. GR24-feeding counteracted all activation-related changes in SL gene expression but did not prevent AXB outgrowth showing that SL is ineffective once AXBs are activated. The results indicate that nodes rather than roots supply SLs and its precursors to AXBs, and that SLs may restrain embryonic shoot elongation during AXB formation and para-dormancy in intact plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P�ivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, �s N-1432, Norway
| | - Christiaan van der Schoot
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, �s N-1432, Norway
- Corresponding author: E-mail,
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20
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Walker CH, Siu-Ting K, Taylor A, O'Connell MJ, Bennett T. Strigolactone synthesis is ancestral in land plants, but canonical strigolactone signalling is a flowering plant innovation. BMC Biol 2019; 17:70. [PMID: 31488154 PMCID: PMC6728956 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strigolactones (SLs) are an important class of carotenoid-derived signalling molecule in plants, which function both as exogenous signals in the rhizosphere and as endogenous plant hormones. In flowering plants, SLs are synthesized by a core pathway of four enzymes and are perceived by the DWARF14 (D14) receptor, leading to degradation of SMAX1-LIKE7 (SMXL7) target proteins in a manner dependent on the SCFMAX2 ubiquitin ligase. The evolutionary history of SLs is poorly understood, and it is not clear whether SL synthesis and signalling are present in all land plant lineages, nor when these traits evolved. Results We have utilized recently-generated genomic and transcriptomic sequences from across the land plant clade to resolve the origin of each known component of SL synthesis and signalling. We show that all enzymes in the core SL synthesis pathway originated at or before the base of land plants, consistent with the previously observed distribution of SLs themselves in land plant lineages. We also show that the late-acting enzyme LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE (LBO) may be considerably more ancient than previously thought. We perform a detailed phylogenetic analysis of SMXL proteins and show that specific SL target proteins only arose in flowering plants. We also assess diversity and protein structure in the SMXL family, identifying several previously unknown clades. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that SL synthesis is much more ancient than canonical SL signalling, consistent with the idea that SLs first evolved as rhizosphere signals and were only recruited much later as hormonal signals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0689-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona H Walker
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Karen Siu-Ting
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.,Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FD, UK
| | - Alysha Taylor
- Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Research Group, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Research Group, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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21
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Wang P, Zhang S, Qiao J, Sun Q, Shi Q, Cai C, Mo J, Chu Z, Yuan Y, Du X, Miao Y, Zhang X, Cai Y. Functional analysis of the GbDWARF14 gene associated with branching development in cotton. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6901. [PMID: 31143538 PMCID: PMC6524629 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture, including branching pattern, is an important agronomic trait of cotton crops. In recent years, strigolactones (SLs) have been considered important plant hormones that regulate branch development. In some species such as Arabidopsis, DWARF14 is an unconventional receptor that plays an important role in the SL signaling pathway. However, studies on SL receptors in cotton are still lacking. Here, we cloned and analysed the structure of the GbD14 gene in Gossypium barbadense and found that it contains the domains necessary for a SL receptor. The GbD14 gene was expressed primarily in the roots, leaves and vascular bundles, and the GbD14 protein was determined via GFP to localize to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Gene expression analysis revealed that the GbD14 gene not only responded to SL signals but also was differentially expressed between cotton plants whose types of branching differed. In particular, GbD14 was expressed mainly in the axillary buds of normal-branching cotton, while it was expressed the most in the leaves of nulliplex-branch cotton. In cotton, the GbD14 gene can be induced by SL and other plant hormones, such as indoleacetic acid, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid. Compared with wild-type Arabidopsis, GbD14-overexpressing Arabidopsis responded more rapidly to SL signals. Moreover, we also found that GbD14 can rescue the multi-branched phenotype of Arabidopsis Atd14 mutants. Our results indicate that the function of GbD14 is similar to that of AtD14, and GbD14 may be a receptor for SL in cotton and involved in regulating branch development. This research provides a theoretical basis for a profound understanding of the molecular mechanism of branch development and ideal plant architecture for cotton breeding improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics Center, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics Center, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics Center, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Quan Sun
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics Center, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Chaowei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics Center, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jianchuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics Center, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zongyan Chu
- Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Kaifeng, China
| | - Youlu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics Center, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics Center, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yingfan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics Center, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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22
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de Haro LA, Arellano SM, Novák O, Feil R, Dumón AD, Mattio MF, Tarkowská D, Llauger G, Strnad M, Lunn JE, Pearce S, Figueroa CM, del Vas M. Mal de Río Cuarto virus infection causes hormone imbalance and sugar accumulation in wheat leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:112. [PMID: 30902042 PMCID: PMC6431059 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) infects several monocotyledonous species including maize and wheat. Infected plants show shortened internodes, partial sterility, increased tillering and reduced root length. To better understand the molecular basis of the plant-virus interactions leading to these symptoms, we combined RNA sequencing with metabolite and hormone measurements. RESULTS More than 3000 differentially accumulated transcripts (DATs) were detected in MRCV-infected wheat plants at 21 days post inoculation compared to mock-inoculated plants. Infected plants exhibited decreased levels of TaSWEET13 transcripts, which are involved in sucrose phloem loading. Soluble sugars, starch, trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), and organic and amino acids were all higher in MRCV-infected plants. In addition, several transcripts related to plant hormone metabolism, transport and signalling were increased upon MRCV infection. Transcripts coding for GA20ox, D14, MAX2 and SMAX1-like proteins involved in gibberellin biosynthesis and strigolactone signalling, were reduced. Transcripts involved in jasmonic acid, ethylene and brassinosteroid biosynthesis, perception and signalling and in auxin transport were also altered. Hormone measurements showed that jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid were significantly higher in infected leaves. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that MRCV causes a profound hormonal imbalance that, together with alterations in sugar partitioning, could account for the symptoms observed in MRCV-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofía Maité Arellano
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ondrej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Llauger
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - John Edward Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | | | - Mariana del Vas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
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23
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Borghi L, Kang J, de Brito Francisco R. Filling the Gap: Functional Clustering of ABC Proteins for the Investigation of Hormonal Transport in planta. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31057565 PMCID: PMC6479136 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones regulate a myriad of plant processes, from seed germination to reproduction, from complex organ development to microelement uptake. Much has been discovered on the factors regulating the activity of phytohormones, yet there are gaps in knowledge about their metabolism, signaling as well as transport. In this review we analyze the potential of the characterized phytohormonal transporters belonging to the ATP-Binding Cassette family (ABC proteins), thus to identify new candidate orthologs in model plants and species important for human health and food production. Previous attempts with phylogenetic analyses on transporters belonging to the ABC family suggested that sequence homology per se is not a powerful tool for functional characterization. However, we show here that sequence homology might indeed support functional conservation of characterized members of different classes of ABC proteins in several plant species, e.g., in the case of ABC class G transporters of strigolactones and ABC class B transporters of auxinic compounds. Also for the low-affinity, vacuolar abscisic acid (ABA) transporters belonging to the ABCC class we show that localization-, rather than functional-clustering occurs, possibly because of sequence conservation for targeting the tonoplast. The ABC proteins involved in pathogen defense are phylogenetically neighboring despite the different substrate identities, suggesting that sequence conservation might play a role in their activation/induction after pathogen attack. Last but not least, in case of the multiple lipid transporters belong to different ABC classes, we focused on ABC class D proteins, reported to transport/affect the synthesis of hormonal precursors. Based on these results, we propose that phylogenetic approaches followed by transport bioassays and in vivo investigations might accelerate the discovery of new hormonal transport routes and allow the designing of transgenic and genome editing approaches, aimed to improve our knowledge on plant development, plant-microbe symbioses, plant nutrient uptake and plant stress resistance.
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24
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Li M, Wei Q, Xiao Y, Peng F. The effect of auxin and strigolactone on ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferase expression and the regulation of apical dominance in peach. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1693-1705. [PMID: 30182298 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We confirmed the roles of auxin, CK, and strigolactones in apical dominance in peach and established a model of plant hormonal control of apical dominance in peach. Auxin, cytokinin, and strigolactone play important roles in apical dominance. In this study, we analyzed the effect of auxin and strigolactone on the expression of ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferase (IPT) genes (key cytokinin biosynthesis genes) and the regulation of apical dominance in peach. After decapitation, the expression levels of PpIPT1, PpIPT3, and PpIPT5a in nodal stems sharply increased. This observation is consistent with the changes in tZ-type and iP-type cytokinin levels in nodal stems and axillary buds observed after treatment; these changes are required to promote the outgrowth of axillary buds in peach. These results suggest that ATP/ADP PpIPT genes in nodal stems are key genes for cytokinin biosynthesis, as they promote the outgrowth of axillary buds. We also found that auxin and strigolactone inhibited the outgrowth of axillary buds. After decapitation, IAA treatment inhibited the expression of ATP/ADP PpIPTs in nodal stems to impede the increase in cytokinin levels. By contrast, after GR24 (GR24 strigolactone) treatment, the expression of ATP/ADP IPT genes and cytokinin levels still increased markedly, but the rate of increase in gene expression was markedly lower than that observed after decapitation in the absence of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) treatment. In addition, GR24 inhibited basipetal auxin transport at the nodes (by limiting the expression of PpPIN1a in nodal stems), thereby inhibiting ATP/ADP PpIPT expression in nodal stems. Therefore, strigolactone inhibits the outgrowth of axillary buds in peach only when terminal buds are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJi Li
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinping Wei
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansong Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - FuTian Peng
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Chen J, Zhang L, Zhu M, Han L, Lv Y, Liu Y, Li P, Jing H, Cai H. Non-dormant Axillary Bud 1 regulates axillary bud outgrowth in sorghum. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:938-955. [PMID: 29740955 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tillering contributes to grain yield and plant architecture and therefore is an agronomically important trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Here, we identified and functionally characterized a mutant of the Non-dormant Axillary Bud 1 (NAB1) gene from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized sorghum population. The nab1 mutants have increased tillering and reduced plant height. Map-based cloning revealed that NAB1 encodes a carotenoid-cleavage dioxygenase 7 (CCD7) orthologous to rice (Oryza sativa) HIGH-TILLERING DWARF1/DWARF17 and Arabidopsis thaliana MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING 3. NAB1 is primarily expressed in axillary nodes and tiller bases and NAB1 localizes to chloroplasts. The nab1 mutation causes outgrowth of basal axillary buds; removing these non-dormant basal axillary buds restored the wild-type phenotype. The tillering of nab1 plants was completely suppressed by exogenous application of the synthetic strigolactone analog GR24. Moreover, the nab1 plants had no detectable strigolactones and displayed stronger polar auxin transport than wild-type plants. Finally, RNA-seq showed that the expression of genes involved in multiple processes, including auxin-related genes, was significantly altered in nab1. These results suggest that NAB1 functions in strigolactone biosynthesis and the regulation of shoot branching via an interaction with auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijie Han
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ya Lv
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haichun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Inner Mongolia Research Centre for Practaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
- Forage Crop Research Institute, Japan Grassland Agricultural and Forage Seed Association, 388-5 Higashiakada, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2742, Japan
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26
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Yao J, Mashiguchi K, Scaffidi A, Akatsu T, Melville KT, Morita R, Morimoto Y, Smith SM, Seto Y, Flematti GR, Yamaguchi S, Waters MT. An allelic series at the KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 locus of Arabidopsis thaliana decouples ligand hydrolysis and receptor degradation from downstream signalling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:75-89. [PMID: 29982999 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins are butenolide compounds present in post-fire environments that can stimulate seed germination in many species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants also produce endogenous butenolide compounds that serve as hormones, namely strigolactones (SLs). The receptor for karrikins (KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2; KAI2) and the receptor for SLs (DWARF14; D14) are homologous proteins that share many similarities. The mode of action of D14 as a dual enzyme receptor protein is well established, but the nature of KAI2-dependent signalling and its function as a receptor are not fully understood. To expand our knowledge of how KAI2 operates, we screened ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)-mutagenized populations of A. thaliana for mutants with kai2-like phenotypes and isolated 13 new kai2 alleles. Among these alleles, kai2-10 encoded a D184N protein variant that was stable in planta. Differential scanning fluorimetry assays indicated that the KAI2 D184N protein could interact normally with bioactive ligands. We developed a KAI2-active version of the fluorescent strigolactone analogue Yoshimulactone Green to show that KAI2 D184N exhibits normal rates of ligand hydrolysis. KAI2 D184N degraded in response to treatment with exogenous ligands, suggesting that receptor degradation is a consequence of ligand binding and hydrolysis, but is insufficient for signalling activity. Remarkably, KAI2 D184N degradation was hypersensitive to karrikins, but showed a normal response to strigolactone analogues, implying that these butenolides may interact differently with KAI2. These results demonstrate that the enzymatic and signalling functions of KAI2 can be decoupled, and provide important insights into the mechanistic events that underpin butenolide signalling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Yao
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kiyoshi Mashiguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Adrian Scaffidi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Tomoki Akatsu
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kim T Melville
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ryo Morita
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yu Morimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Steven M Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Gavin R Flematti
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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27
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Lopez-Obando M, de Villiers R, Hoffmann B, Ma L, de Saint Germain A, Kossmann J, Coudert Y, Harrison CJ, Rameau C, Hills P, Bonhomme S. Physcomitrella patens MAX2 characterization suggests an ancient role for this F-box protein in photomorphogenesis rather than strigolactone signalling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:743-756. [PMID: 29781136 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are key hormonal regulators of flowering plant development and are widely distributed amongst streptophytes. In Arabidopsis, SLs signal via the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2), affecting multiple aspects of development including shoot branching, root architecture and drought tolerance. Previous characterization of a Physcomitrella patens moss mutant with defective SL synthesis supports an ancient role for SLs in land plants, but the origin and evolution of signalling pathway components are unknown. Here we investigate the function of a moss homologue of MAX2, PpMAX2, and characterize its role in SL signalling pathway evolution by genetic analysis. We report that the moss Ppmax2 mutant shows very distinct phenotypes from the moss SL-deficient mutant. In addition, the Ppmax2 mutant remains sensitive to SLs, showing a clear transcriptional SL response in dark conditions, and the response to red light is also altered. These data suggest divergent evolutionary trajectories for SL signalling pathway evolution in mosses and vascular plants. In P. patens, the primary roles for MAX2 are in photomorphogenesis and moss early development rather than in SL response, which may require other, as yet unidentified, factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Lopez-Obando
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Ruan de Villiers
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Beate Hoffmann
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Linnan Ma
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre de Saint Germain
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jens Kossmann
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Yoan Coudert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, 69364, France
| | - C Jill Harrison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Paul Hills
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
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28
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Trevaskis B. Developmental Pathways Are Blueprints for Designing Successful Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 29922318 PMCID: PMC5996307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genes controlling plant development have been studied in multiple plant systems. This has provided deep insights into conserved genetic pathways controlling core developmental processes including meristem identity, phase transitions, determinacy, stem elongation, and branching. These pathways control plant growth patterns and are fundamentally important to crop biology and agriculture. This review describes the conserved pathways that control plant development, using Arabidopsis as a model. Historical examples of how plant development has been altered through selection to improve crop performance are then presented. These examples, drawn from diverse crops, show how the genetic pathways controlling development have been modified to increase yield or tailor growth patterns to suit local growing environments or specialized crop management practices. Strategies to apply current progress in genomics and developmental biology to future crop improvement are then discussed within the broader context of emerging trends in plant breeding. The ways that knowledge of developmental processes and understanding of gene function can contribute to crop improvement, beyond what can be achieved by selection alone, are emphasized. These include using genome re-sequencing, mutagenesis, and gene editing to identify or generate novel variation in developmental genes. The expanding scope for comparative genomics, the possibility to engineer new developmental traits and new approaches to resolve gene-gene or gene-environment interactions are also discussed. Finally, opportunities to integrate fundamental research and crop breeding are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Trevaskis
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Moturu TR, Thula S, Singh RK, Nodzynski T, Vareková RS, Friml J, Simon S. Molecular evolution and diversification of the SMXL gene family. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018. [PMID: 29538714 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a relatively recent addition to the list of plant hormones that control different aspects of plant development. SL signalling is perceived by an α/β hydrolase, DWARF 14 (D14). A close homolog of D14, KARRIKIN INSENSTIVE2 (KAI2), is involved in perception of an uncharacterized molecule called karrikin (KAR). Recent studies in Arabidopsis identified the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE 7 (SMXL7) to be potential SCF-MAX2 complex-mediated proteasome targets of KAI2 and D14, respectively. Genetic studies on SMXL7 and SMAX1 demonstrated distinct developmental roles for each, but very little is known about these repressors in terms of their sequence features. In this study, we performed an extensive comparative analysis of SMXLs and determined their phylogenetic and evolutionary history in the plant lineage. Our results show that SMXL family members can be sub-divided into four distinct phylogenetic clades/classes, with an ancient SMAX1. Further, we identified the clade-specific motifs that have evolved and that might act as determinants of SL-KAR signalling specificity. These specificities resulted from functional diversities among the clades. Our results suggest that a gradual co-evolution of SMXL members with their upstream receptors D14/KAI2 provided an increased specificity to both the SL perception and response in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraka Ramji Moturu
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sravankumar Thula
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ravi Kumar Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, SRM University, Haryana, Sonepat, India
| | - Tomasz Nodzynski
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Svobodová Vareková
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Jirí Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Sibu Simon
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
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Stauder R, Welsch R, Camagna M, Kohlen W, Balcke GU, Tissier A, Walter MH. Strigolactone Levels in Dicot Roots Are Determined by an Ancestral Symbiosis-Regulated Clade of the PHYTOENE SYNTHASE Gene Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:255. [PMID: 29545815 PMCID: PMC5838088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are apocarotenoid phytohormones synthesized from carotenoid precursors. They are produced most abundantly in roots for exudation into the rhizosphere to cope with mineral nutrient starvation through support of root symbionts. Abscisic acid (ABA) is another apocarotenoid phytohormone synthesized in roots, which is involved in responses to abiotic stress. Typically low carotenoid levels in roots raise the issue of precursor supply for the biosynthesis of these two apocarotenoids in this organ. Increased ABA levels upon abiotic stress in Poaceae roots are known to be supported by a particular isoform of phytoene synthase (PSY), catalyzing the rate-limiting step in carotenogenesis. Here we report on novel PSY3 isogenes from Medicago truncatula (MtPSY3) and Solanum lycopersicum (SlPSY3) strongly expressed exclusively upon root interaction with symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and moderately in response to phosphate starvation. They belong to a widespread clade of conserved PSYs restricted to dicots (dPSY3) distinct from the Poaceae-PSY3s involved in ABA formation. An ancient origin of dPSY3s and a potential co-evolution with the AM symbiosis is discussed in the context of PSY evolution. Knockdown of MtPSY3 in hairy roots of M. truncatula strongly reduced SL and AM-induced C13 α-ionol/C14 mycorradicin apocarotenoids. Inhibition of the reaction subsequent to phytoene synthesis revealed strongly elevated levels of phytoene indicating induced flux through the carotenoid pathway in roots upon mycorrhization. dPSY3 isogenes are coregulated with upstream isogenes and downstream carotenoid cleavage steps toward SLs (D27, CCD7, CCD8) suggesting a combined carotenoid/apocarotenoid pathway, which provides "just in time"-delivery of precursors for apocarotenoid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Stauder
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Ralf Welsch
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maurizio Camagna
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wouter Kohlen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerd U. Balcke
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael H. Walter
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael H. Walter,
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Haq BUI, Ahmad MZ, ur Rehman N, Wang J, Li P, Li D, Zhao J. Functional characterization of soybean strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling genes in Arabidopsis MAX mutants and GmMAX3 in soybean nodulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:259. [PMID: 29268717 PMCID: PMC5740752 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) play important roles in controlling root growth, shoot branching, and plant-symbionts interaction. Despite the importance, the components of SL biosynthesis and signaling have not been unequivocally explored in soybean. RESULTS Here we identified the putative components of SL synthetic enzymes and signaling proteins in soybean genome. Soybean genome contains conserved MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING (MAX) orthologs, GmMAX1s, GmMAX2s, GmMAX3s, and GmMAX4s. The tissue expression patterns are coincident with SL synthesis in roots and signaling in other tissues under normal conditions. GmMAX1a, GmMAX2a, GmMAX3b, and GmMAX4a expression in their Arabidopsis orthologs' mutants not only restored most characteristic phenotypes, such as shoot branching and shoot height, leaf shape, primary root length, and root hair growth, but also restored the significantly changed hormone contents, such as reduced JA and ABA contents in all mutant leaves, but increased auxin levels in atmax1, atmax3 and atmax4 mutants. Overexpression of these GmMAXs also altered the hormone contents in wild-type Arabidopsis. GmMAX3b was further characterized in soybean nodulation with overexpression and knockdown transgenic hairy roots. GmMAX3b overexpression (GmMAX3b-OE) lines exhibited increased nodule number while GmMAX3b knockdown (GmMAX3b-KD) decreased the nodule number in transgenic hairy roots. The expression levels of several key nodulation genes were also altered in GmMAX3b transgenic hairy roots. GmMAX3b overexpression hairy roots had reduced ABA, but increased JA levels, with no significantly changed auxin content, while the contrast changes were observed in GmMAX3b-KD lines. Global gene expression in GmMAX3b-OE or GmMAX3b-KD hairy roots also revealed that altered expression of GmMAX3b in soybean hairy roots changed several subsets of genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling and transcriptional regulation of nodulation processes. CONCLUSIONS This study not only revealed the conservation of SL biosynthesis and signaling in soybean, but also showed possible interactions between SL and other hormone synthesis and signaling during controlling plant development and soybean nodulation. GmMAX3b-mediated SL biosynthesis and signaling may be involved in soybean nodulation by affecting both root hair formation and its interaction with rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basir UI Haq
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075 China
| | - Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Naveed ur Rehman
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075 China
| | - Junjie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075 China
| | - Penghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Dongqin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075 China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
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Croglio MP, Haake JM, Ryan CP, Wang VS, Lapier J, Schlarbaum JP, Dayani Y, Artuso E, Prandi C, Koltai H, Agama K, Pommier Y, Chen Y, Tricoli L, LaRocque JR, Albanese C, Yarden RI. Analogs of the novel phytohormone, strigolactone, trigger apoptosis and synergize with PARP inhibitors by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting DNA repair. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13984-4001. [PMID: 26910887 PMCID: PMC4924693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are a novel class of plant hormones produced in roots that regulate shoot and root development. We previously reported that strigolactone analogs (SLs) induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth of human breast cancer xenografts in mice. SLs had no significant influences on non-transformed cells. Here we report for the first time that SLs induce DNA damage in the form of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and activate the DNA damage response signaling by inducing phosphorylation of ATM, ATR and DNA-PKcs and co-localization of the DNA damage signaling protein, 53BP1, with γH2AX nuclear foci. We further report that in addition to DSBs induction, SLs simultaneously impair DSBs repair, mostly homology-directed repair (HDR) and to a lesser extent non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). In response to SLs, RAD51, the homologous DSB repair protein, is ubiquitinated and targeted for proteasomal degradation and it fails to co-localize with γH2AX foci. Interestingly, SLs synergize with DNA damaging agents-based therapeutics. The combination of PARP inhibitors and SLs showed an especially potent synergy, but only in BRCA1-proficient cells. No synergy was observed between SLs and PARP inhibitors in BRCA1-deficient cells, supporting a role for SLs in HDR impairment. Together, our data suggest that SLs increase genome instability and cell death by a unique mechanism of inducing DNA damage and inhibiting DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Croglio
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jefferson M Haake
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Colin P Ryan
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Victor S Wang
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jennifer Lapier
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jamie P Schlarbaum
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Yaron Dayani
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Emma Artuso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Keli Agama
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucas Tricoli
- The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jeannine R LaRocque
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Christopher Albanese
- The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Ronit I Yarden
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA.,The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
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Végh A, Incze N, Fábián A, Huo H, Bradford KJ, Balázs E, Soós V. Comprehensive Analysis of DWARF14-LIKE2 (DLK2) Reveals Its Functional Divergence from Strigolactone-Related Paralogs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1641. [PMID: 28970845 PMCID: PMC5609103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) and related butenolides, originally identified as active seed germination stimulants of parasitic weeds, play important roles in many aspects of plant development. Two members of the D14 α/β hydrolase protein family, DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) are essential for SL/butenolide signaling. The third member of the family in Arabidopsis, DWARF 14-LIKE2 (DLK2) is structurally very similar to D14 and KAI2, but its function is unknown. We demonstrated that DLK2 does not bind nor hydrolyze natural (+)5-deoxystrigol [(+)5DS], and weakly hydrolyzes non-natural strigolactone (-)5DS. A detailed genetic analysis revealed that DLK2 does not affect SL responses and can regulate seedling photomorphogenesis. DLK2 is upregulated in the dark dependent upon KAI2 and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs), indicating that DLK2 might function in light signaling pathways. In addition, unlike its paralog proteins, DLK2 is not subject to rac-GR24-induced degradation, suggesting that DLK2 acts independently of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2); however, regulation of DLK2 transcription is mostly accomplished through MAX2. In conclusion, these data suggest that DLK2 represents a divergent member of the DWARF14 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Végh
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvasar, Hungary
| | - Norbert Incze
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvasar, Hungary
| | - Attila Fábián
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvasar, Hungary
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Department of Plant Sciences, Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, DavisCA, United States
| | - Kent J. Bradford
- Department of Plant Sciences, Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, DavisCA, United States
| | - Ervin Balázs
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvasar, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Soós
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvasar, Hungary
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34
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Saeed W, Naseem S, Ali Z. Strigolactones Biosynthesis and Their Role in Abiotic Stress Resilience in Plants: A Critical Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1487. [PMID: 28894457 PMCID: PMC5581504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), being a new class of plant hormones, play regulatory roles against abiotic stresses in plants. There are multiple hormonal response pathways, which are adapted by the plants to overcome these stressful environmental constraints to reduce the negative impact on overall crop plant productivity. Genetic modulation of the SLs could also be applied as a potential approach in this regard. However, endogenous plant hormones play central roles in adaptation to changing environmental conditions, by mediating growth, development, nutrient allocation, and source/sink transitions. In addition, the hormonal interactions can fine-tune the plant response and determine plant architecture in response to environmental stimuli such as nutrient deprivation and canopy shade. Considerable advancements and new insights into SLs biosynthesis, signaling and transport has been unleashed since the initial discovery. In this review we present basic overview of SL biosynthesis and perception with a detailed discussion on our present understanding of SLs and their critical role to tolerate environmental constraints. The SLs and abscisic acid interplay during the abiotic stresses is particularly highlighted. Main Conclusion: More than shoot branching Strigolactones have uttermost capacity to harmonize stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zahid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
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35
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36
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Bythell-Douglas R, Rothfels CJ, Stevenson DWD, Graham SW, Wong GKS, Nelson DC, Bennett T. Evolution of strigolactone receptors by gradual neo-functionalization of KAI2 paralogues. BMC Biol 2017; 15:52. [PMID: 28662667 PMCID: PMC5490202 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that control many aspects of plant growth. The SL signalling mechanism is homologous to that of karrikins (KARs), smoke-derived compounds that stimulate seed germination. In angiosperms, the SL receptor is an α/β-hydrolase known as DWARF14 (D14); its close homologue, KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), functions as a KAR receptor and likely recognizes an uncharacterized, endogenous signal (‘KL’). Previous phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the KAI2 lineage is ancestral in land plants, and that canonical D14-type SL receptors only arose in seed plants; this is paradoxical, however, as non-vascular plants synthesize and respond to SLs. Results We have used a combination of phylogenetic and structural approaches to re-assess the evolution of the D14/KAI2 family in land plants. We analysed 339 members of the D14/KAI2 family from land plants and charophyte algae. Our phylogenetic analyses show that the divergence between the eu-KAI2 lineage and the DDK (D14/DLK2/KAI2) lineage that includes D14 occurred very early in land plant evolution. We show that eu-KAI2 proteins are highly conserved, and have unique features not found in DDK proteins. Conversely, we show that DDK proteins show considerable sequence and structural variation to each other, and lack clearly definable characteristics. We use homology modelling to show that the earliest members of the DDK lineage structurally resemble KAI2 and that SL receptors in non-seed plants likely do not have D14-like structure. We also show that certain groups of DDK proteins lack the otherwise conserved MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) interface, and may thus function independently of MAX2, which we show is highly conserved throughout land plant evolution. Conclusions Our results suggest that D14-like structure is not required for SL perception, and that SL perception has relatively relaxed structural requirements compared to KAI2-mediated signalling. We suggest that SL perception gradually evolved by neo-functionalization within the DDK lineage, and that the transition from KAI2-like to D14-like protein may have been driven by interactions with protein partners, rather than being required for SL perception per se. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0397-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bythell-Douglas
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7, UK
| | - Carl J Rothfels
- Integrative Biology, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | | | - Sean W Graham
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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37
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Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a collection of related small molecules that act as hormones in plant growth and development. Intriguingly, SLs also act as ecological communicators between plants and mycorrhizal fungi and between host plants and a collection of parasitic plant species. In the case of mycorrhizal fungi, SLs exude into the soil from host roots to attract fungal hyphae for a beneficial interaction. In the case of parasitic plants, however, root-exuded SLs cause dormant parasitic plant seeds to germinate, thereby allowing the resulting seedling to infect the host and withdraw nutrients. Because a laboratory-friendly model does not exist for parasitic plants, researchers are currently using information gleaned from model plants like
Arabidopsis in combination with the chemical probes developed through chemical genetics to understand SL perception of parasitic plants. This work first shows that understanding SL signaling is useful in developing chemical probes that perturb SL perception. Second, it indicates that the chemical space available to probe SL signaling in both model and parasitic plants is sizeable. Because these parasitic pests represent a major concern for food insecurity in the developing world, there is great need for chemical approaches to uncover novel lead compounds that perturb parasitic plant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Lumba
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Michael Bunsick
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Peter McCourt
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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Ma H, Duan J, Ke J, He Y, Gu X, Xu TH, Yu H, Wang Y, Brunzelle JS, Jiang Y, Rothbart SB, Xu HE, Li J, Melcher K. A D53 repression motif induces oligomerization of TOPLESS corepressors and promotes assembly of a corepressor-nucleosome complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601217. [PMID: 28630893 PMCID: PMC5457145 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
TOPLESS are tetrameric plant corepressors of the conserved Tup1/Groucho/TLE (transducin-like enhancer of split) family. We show that they interact through their TOPLESS domains (TPDs) with two functionally important ethylene response factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motifs of the rice strigolactone signaling repressor D53: the universally conserved EAR-3 and the monocot-specific EAR-2. We present the crystal structure of the monocot-specific EAR-2 peptide in complex with the TOPLESS-related protein 2 (TPR2) TPD, in which the EAR-2 motif binds the same TPD groove as jasmonate and auxin signaling repressors but makes additional contacts with a second TPD site to mediate TPD tetramer-tetramer interaction. We validated the functional relevance of the two TPD binding sites in reporter gene assays and in transgenic rice and demonstrate that EAR-2 binding induces TPD oligomerization. Moreover, we demonstrate that the TPD directly binds nucleosomes and the tails of histones H3 and H4. Higher-order assembly of TPD complexes induced by EAR-2 binding markedly stabilizes the nucleosome-TPD interaction. These results establish a new TPD-repressor binding mode that promotes TPD oligomerization and TPD-nucleosome interaction, thus illustrating the initial assembly of a repressor-corepressor-nucleosome complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jingbo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Ke
- Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Yuanzheng He
- Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Xin Gu
- Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ting-Hai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Joseph S. Brunzelle
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Scott B. Rothbart
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - H. Eric Xu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Corresponding author. (H.E.X.); (J.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author. (H.E.X.); (J.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Center of Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Corresponding author. (H.E.X.); (J.L.); (K.M.)
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Lumba S, Subha A, McCourt P. Found in Translation: Applying Lessons from Model Systems to Strigolactone Signaling in Parasitic Plants. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:556-565. [PMID: 28495334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are small molecules that act as endogenous hormones to regulate plant development as well as exogenous cues that help parasitic plants to infect their hosts. Given that parasitic plants are experimentally challenging systems, researchers are using two approaches to understand how they respond to host-derived SLs. The first involves extrapolating information on SLs from model genetic systems to dissect their roles in parasitic plants. The second uses chemicals to probe SL signaling directly in the parasite Striga hermonthica. These approaches indicate that parasitic plants have co-opted a family of α/β hydrolases to perceive SLs. The importance of this genetic and chemical information cannot be overstated since parasitic plant infestations are major obstacles to food security in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Lumba
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Asrinus Subha
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Peter McCourt
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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40
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Abstract
Strigolactones are a structurally diverse class of plant hormones that control many aspects of shoot and root growth. Strigolactones are also exuded by plants into the rhizosphere, where they promote symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family. Therefore, understanding how strigolactones are made, transported, and perceived may lead to agricultural innovations as well as a deeper knowledge of how plants function. Substantial progress has been made in these areas over the past decade. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms, core developmental roles, and evolutionary history of strigolactone signaling. We also propose potential translational applications of strigolactone research to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
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41
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Meng Y, Shuai H, Luo X, Chen F, Zhou W, Yang W, Shu K. Karrikins: Regulators Involved in Phytohormone Signaling Networks during Seed Germination and Seedling Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2021. [PMID: 28174573 PMCID: PMC5258710 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and early seedling establishment are critical stages during a plant's life cycle. These stages are precisely regulated by multiple internal factors, including phytohormones and environmental cues such as light. As a family of small molecules discovered in wildfire smoke, karrikins (KARs) play a key role in various biological processes, including seed dormancy release, germination regulation, and seedling establishment. KARs show a high similarity with strigolactone (SL) in both chemical structure and signaling transduction pathways. Current evidence shows that KARs may regulate seed germination by mediating the biosynthesis and/or signaling transduction of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA) and auxin [indoleacetic acid (IAA)]. Interestingly, KARs regulate seed germination differently in different species. Furthermore, the promotion effect on seedling establishment implies that KARs have a great potential application in alleviating shade avoidance response, which attracts more and more attention in plant molecular biology. In these processes, KARs may have complicated interactions with phytohormones, especially with IAA. In this updated review, we summarize the current understanding of the relationship between KARs and SL in the chemical structure, signaling pathway and the regulation of plant growth and development. Further, the crosstalk between KARs and phytohormones in regulating seed germination and seedling development and that between KARs and IAA during shade responses are discussed. Finally, future challenges and research directions for the KAR research field are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
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42
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Bennett T, Liang Y, Seale M, Ward S, Müller D, Leyser O. Strigolactone regulates shoot development through a core signalling pathway. Biol Open 2016; 5:1806-1820. [PMID: 27793831 PMCID: PMC5200909 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are a recently identified class of hormone that regulate multiple aspects of plant development. The DWARF14 (D14) α/β fold protein has been identified as a strigolactone receptor, which can act through the SCFMAX2 ubiquitin ligase, but the universality of this mechanism is not clear. Multiple proteins have been suggested as targets for strigolactone signalling, including both direct proteolytic targets of SCFMAX2, and downstream targets. However, the relevance and importance of these proteins to strigolactone signalling in many cases has not been fully established. Here we assess the contribution of these targets to strigolactone signalling in adult shoot developmental responses. We find that all examined strigolactone responses are regulated by SCFMAX2 and D14, and not by other D14-like proteins. We further show that all examined strigolactone responses likely depend on degradation of SMXL proteins in the SMXL6 clade, and not on the other proposed proteolytic targets BES1 or DELLAs. Taken together, our results suggest that in the adult shoot, the dominant mode of strigolactone signalling is D14-initiated, MAX2-mediated degradation of SMXL6-related proteins. We confirm that the BRANCHED1 transcription factor and the PIN-FORMED1 auxin efflux carrier are plausible downstream targets of this pathway in the regulation of shoot branching, and show that BRC1 likely acts in parallel to PIN1. Summary: Strigolactones signal through D14 to regulate shoot development by targeting SMXL6-clade proteins, but not BES1 or DELLA proteins, for degradation. BRC1 and PIN1 plausibly act downstream to regulate branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bennett
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Madeleine Seale
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Sally Ward
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Dörte Müller
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK .,Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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43
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Waadt R, Hsu PK, Schroeder JI. Abscisic acid and other plant hormones: Methods to visualize distribution and signaling. Bioessays 2016; 37:1338-49. [PMID: 26577078 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of plant behavior on a cellular scale in a minimal invasive manner is key to understanding plant adaptations to their environment. Plant hormones regulate multiple aspects of growth and development and mediate environmental responses to ensure a successful life cycle. To monitor the dynamics of plant hormone actions in intact tissue, we need qualitative and quantitative tools with high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we describe a set of biological instruments (reporters) for the analysis of the distribution and signaling of various plant hormones. Furthermore, we provide examples of their utility for gaining novel insights into plant hormone action with a deeper focus on the drought hormone abscisic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Waadt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Centre for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Centre for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Centre for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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44
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Samodelov SL, Beyer HM, Guo X, Augustin M, Jia KP, Baz L, Ebenhöh O, Beyer P, Weber W, Al-Babili S, Zurbriggen MD. StrigoQuant: A genetically encoded biosensor for quantifying strigolactone activity and specificity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1601266. [PMID: 27847871 PMCID: PMC5099991 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are key regulators of plant development and interaction with symbiotic fungi; however, quantitative tools for strigolactone signaling analysis are lacking. We introduce a genetically encoded hormone biosensor used to analyze strigolactone-mediated processes, including the study of the components involved in the hormone perception/signaling complex and the structural specificity and sensitivity of natural and synthetic strigolactones in Arabidopsis, providing quantitative insights into the stereoselectivity of strigolactone perception. Given the high specificity, sensitivity, dynamic range of activity, modular construction, ease of implementation, and wide applicability, the biosensor StrigoQuant will be useful in unraveling multiple levels of strigolactone metabolic and signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L. Samodelov
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannes M. Beyer
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xiujie Guo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kun-Peng Jia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Baz
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Beyer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author. (M.D.Z.); (S.A.-B.)
| | - Matias D. Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Corresponding author. (M.D.Z.); (S.A.-B.)
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45
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Jia KP, Kountche BA, Jamil M, Guo X, Ntui VO, Rüfenacht A, Rochange S, Al-Babili S. Nitro-Phenlactone, a Carlactone Analog with Pleiotropic Strigolactone Activities. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1341-1344. [PMID: 27288318 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Peng Jia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A Kountche
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiujie Guo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentine O Ntui
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Soizic Rochange
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borderouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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46
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Walton A, Stes E, Goeminne G, Braem L, Vuylsteke M, Matthys C, De Cuyper C, Staes A, Vandenbussche J, Boyer FD, Vanholme R, Fromentin J, Boerjan W, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S. The Response of the Root Proteome to the Synthetic Strigolactone GR24 in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2744-55. [PMID: 27317401 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant metabolites that act as phytohormones and rhizosphere signals. Whereas most research on unraveling the action mechanisms of strigolactones is focused on plant shoots, we investigated proteome adaptation during strigolactone signaling in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Through large-scale, time-resolved, and quantitative proteomics, the impact of the strigolactone analog rac-GR24 was elucidated on the root proteome of the wild type and the signaling mutant more axillary growth 2 (max2). Our study revealed a clear MAX2-dependent rac-GR24 response: an increase in abundance of enzymes involved in flavonol biosynthesis, which was reduced in the max2-1 mutant. Mass spectrometry-driven metabolite profiling and thin-layer chromatography experiments demonstrated that these changes in protein expression lead to the accumulation of specific flavonols. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the flavonol-related protein expression profile was caused by rac-GR24-induced changes in transcript levels of the corresponding genes. This induction of flavonol production was shown to be activated by the two pure enantiomers that together make up rac-GR24. Finally, our data provide much needed clues concerning the multiple roles played by MAX2 in the roots and a comprehensive view of the rac-GR24-induced response in the root proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Walton
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Braem
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Cedrick Matthys
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Cuyper
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Vandenbussche
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- ‡‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026 Versailles, France; §§AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026 Versailles, France; ¶¶Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Fromentin
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ‖‖Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; and Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Wout Boerjan
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
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47
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Flematti GR, Scaffidi A, Waters MT, Smith SM. Stereospecificity in strigolactone biosynthesis and perception. PLANTA 2016; 243:1361-73. [PMID: 27105887 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce strigolactones with different structures and different stereospecificities which provides the potential for diversity and flexibility of function. Strigolactones (SLs) typically comprise a tricyclic ABC ring system linked through an enol-ether bridge to a butenolide D-ring. The stereochemistry of the butenolide ring is conserved but two alternative configurations of the B-C ring junction leads to two families of SLs, exemplified by strigol and orobanchol. Further modifications lead to production of many different strigolactones within each family. The D-ring structure is established by a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase producing a single stereoisomer of carlactone, the likely precursor of all SLs. Subsequent oxidation involves cytochrome P450 enzymes of the MAX1 family. In rice, MAX1 enzymes act stereospecifically to produce 4-deoxyorobanchol and orobanchol. Strigol- and orobanchol-type SLs have different activities in the control of seed germination and shoot branching, depending on plant species. This can partly be explained by different stereospecificity of SL receptors which includes the KAI2/HTL protein family in parasitic plants and the D14 protein functioning in shoot development. Many studies use chemically synthesised SL analogues such as GR24 which is prepared as a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers, one with the same stereo-configuration as strigol, and the other its enantiomer, which does not correspond to any known SL. In Arabidopsis, these two stereoisomers are preferentially perceived by AtD14 and KAI2, respectively, which activate different developmental pathways. Thus caution should be exercised in the use of SL racemic mixtures, while conversely the use of specific stereoisomers can provide powerful tools and yield critical information about receptors and signalling pathways in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Flematti
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Adrian Scaffidi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Steven M Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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48
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Borghi L, Liu GW, Emonet A, Kretzschmar T, Martinoia E. The importance of strigolactone transport regulation for symbiotic signaling and shoot branching. PLANTA 2016; 243:1351-60. [PMID: 27040840 PMCID: PMC4875938 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the role of strigolactone transport in regulating plant root and shoot architecture, plant-fungal symbiosis and the crosstalk with several phytohormone pathways. The authors, based on their data and recently published results, suggest that long-distance, as well local strigolactone transport might occur in a cell-to-cell manner rather than via the xylem stream. Strigolactones (SLs) are recently characterized carotenoid-derived phytohormones. They play multiple roles in plant architecture and, once exuded from roots to soil, in plant-rhizosphere interactions. Above ground SLs regulate plant developmental processes, such as lateral bud outgrowth, internode elongation and stem secondary growth. Below ground, SLs are involved in lateral root initiation, main root elongation and the establishment of the plant-fungal symbiosis known as mycorrhiza. Much has been discovered on players and patterns of SL biosynthesis and signaling and shown to be largely conserved among different plant species, however little is known about SL distribution in plants and its transport from the root to the soil. At present, the only characterized SL transporters are the ABCG protein PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 1 from Petunia axillaris (PDR1) and, in less detail, its close homologue from Nicotiana tabacum PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 6 (PDR6). PDR1 is a plasma membrane-localized SL cellular exporter, expressed in root cortex and shoot axils. Its expression level is regulated by its own substrate, but also by the phytohormone auxin, soil nutrient conditions (mainly phosphate availability) and mycorrhization levels. Hence, PDR1 integrates information from nutrient availability and hormonal signaling, thus synchronizing plant growth with nutrient uptake. In this review we discuss the effects of PDR1 de-regulation on plant development and mycorrhization, the possible cross-talk between SLs and other phytohormone transporters and finally the need for SL transporters in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurélia Emonet
- Faculté de biologie et médecine, Département de biologie moléculaire végétale, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology, 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lopez-Obando M, Conn CE, Hoffmann B, Bythell-Douglas R, Nelson DC, Rameau C, Bonhomme S. Structural modelling and transcriptional responses highlight a clade of PpKAI2-LIKE genes as candidate receptors for strigolactones in Physcomitrella patens. PLANTA 2016; 243:1441-1453. [PMID: 26979323 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A set of PpKAI2 - LIKE paralogs that may encode strigolactone receptors in Physcomitrella patens were identified through evolutionary, structural, and transcriptional analyses, suggesting that strigolactone perception may have evolved independently in basal land plants in a similar manner as spermatophytes. Carotenoid-derived compounds known as strigolactones are a new class of plant hormones that modulate development and interactions with parasitic plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The strigolactone receptor protein DWARF14 (D14) belongs to the α/β hydrolase family. D14 is closely related to KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), a receptor of smoke-derived germination stimulants called karrikins. Strigolactone and karrikin structures share a butenolide ring that is necessary for bioactivity. Charophyte algae and basal land plants produce strigolactones that influence their development. However phylogenetic studies suggest that D14 is absent from algae, moss, and liverwort genomes, raising the question of how these basal plants perceive strigolactones. Strigolactone perception during seed germination putatively evolved in parasitic plants through gene duplication and neofunctionalization of KAI2 paralogs. The moss Physcomitrella patens shows an increase in KAI2 gene copy number, similar to parasitic plants. In this study we investigated whether P. patens KAI2-LIKE (PpKAI2L) genes may contribute to strigolactone perception. Based on phylogenetic analyses and homology modelling, we predict that a clade of PpKAI2L proteins have enlarged ligand-binding cavities, similar to D14. We observed that some PpKAI2L genes have transcriptional responses to the synthetic strigolactone GR24 racemate or its enantiomers. These responses were influenced by light and dark conditions. Moreover, (+)-GR24 seems to be the active enantiomer that induces the transcriptional responses of PpKAI2L genes. We hypothesize that members of specific PpKAI2L clades are candidate strigolactone receptors in moss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Lopez-Obando
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Caitlin E Conn
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Beate Hoffmann
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | | | - David C Nelson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
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Lopez-Obando M, Ligerot Y, Bonhomme S, Boyer FD, Rameau C. Strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling in plant development. Development 2016; 142:3615-9. [PMID: 26534982 DOI: 10.1242/dev.120006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), first identified for their role in parasitic and symbiotic interactions in the rhizosphere, constitute the most recently discovered group of plant hormones. They are best known for their role in shoot branching but, more recently, roles for SLs in other aspects of plant development have emerged. In the last five years, insights into the SL biosynthetic pathway have also been revealed and several key components of the SL signaling pathway have been identified. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we summarize our current understanding of the SL pathway and discuss how this pathway regulates plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Lopez-Obando
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Yasmine Ligerot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France Université Paris Sud, Orsay Cedex F-91405, France
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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