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Koren C, Cohen Y, Demeter N. Being alone after late-life divorce: freedom and loneliness from an intergenerational familial/dyadic perspective. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38990123 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2377264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine in-depth experiences of loneliness and freedom after late-life divorce from an intergenerational familial/dyadic perspective in a family-oriented society that also values self-determination. Considering the expansion of late-life divorce, it is important to understand its consequences for the family wellbeing. METHOD According to phenomenology tradition, data was collected through 51 semi-structured qualitative interviews, comprised from 7 family units (n = 33) including all/most family members and 9 parent-child dyads (n = 18), using thematic-analysis and dyadic interview-analysis principles. Analyzing family units enables a more complex examination of the phenomena, providing a holistic view of family life. RESULTS Loneliness and freedom experienced simultaneously was the most common. A gap was identified between generations regarding benefits and costs of late-life divorce. Whereas most divorcees emphasized the benefits of freedom, most of their adult-children mainly described the disadvantages of loneliness, perceiving both loneliness and freedom as negative. CONCLUSION Late-life divorce is a complex experience comprised of both loneliness and freedom. Each generation experiences the benefits and costs of late-life divorce differently. Unique aspects of freedom and loneliness at old age in a socio-cultural context located between self-determination and family-oriented are discussed, including strategies of coping with loneliness. Implications for families and professionals are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaya Koren
- The School of Social Work and The Center for the Study of Society, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yafit Cohen
- The School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Naor Demeter
- The Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
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Ulvøy DE, Åvik Persson H, Kristensson Hallström I, Sollesnes R. Parents' experiences of their child's participation in divorce groups in Norway: A phenomenological study. Scand J Caring Sci 2023; 37:991-1000. [PMID: 37050849 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and youth who experience divorce are found to have increased risk of emotional and behavioural adjustment problems. Different prevention programmes have been developed to help and support children. Previous studies have focused on the child or the group leader's experience with divorce groups, but studies describing parent's experience are missing. The aim of this study was to explore parents' experiences of their child's participation in divorce groups. METHODS An inductive, qualitative and descriptive design was applied with philosophical orientation in naturalistic inquiry based on the outlines of a phenomenological perspective. Two fathers and three mothers from two different counties in Norway participated whereof four of them were interviewed twice. Systematic text condensation was used for the analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged from the analysis: encouraging the child, missing communication and challenging situations. Parents described how they encouraged the child to attend divorce groups and hoped they would gain a deeper understanding of their parents' divorce and their own feelings. Missing communication relates to lack of information about the groups from the school, the group leader and from the child. Missing information was found to be a challenge for the parents and made them think that the divorce group was beneficial for the child but maybe not always for the family. Parents described challenging situations due to the divorce, and they struggled to understand their child and their own behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The opportunity for the child to talk to other children in the same situation in divorce groups was positive for the parents. To be beneficial for both children and their parents, structured information and cooperation among the school, the child and both parents are important. The knowledge from this study can support the development and use of intervention programmes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagny-Elise Ulvøy
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helene Åvik Persson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ragnhild Sollesnes
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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Juwariah T, Suhariadi F, Soedirham O, Priyanto A, Setiyorini E, Siskaningrum A, Adhianata H, Fernandes ADC. Childhood adversities and mental health problems: A systematic review. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221106613. [PMID: 36052096 PMCID: PMC9425896 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of mental health problems in children and adolescents has been increasing. One of the causes of mental health problems is trauma in the family, such as childhood adversities. The aim of this study was to review the relationship between childhood adversities and mental health problems. The method in this study was a systematic review using three databases: CINAHL, PubMed, and SCOPUS. The results of the review were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. The keywords used in this study were mental health or mental illness or mental disorder or psychiatric illness AND adolescents or teenagers or teenagers or youth AND parental divorce or parental separation OR parental death or parental loss or parentally bereaved. The inclusion criteria for the articles were English language and published from 2017 to 2021. This study recorded 477 articles, screened according to the topic, and then the final articles were 35. The results of the systematic review showed evidence that childhood adversities were related to mental health problems according to the ICD-10 diagnosis, ADHD and personality disorders, depression, post-traumatic, smoking behavior, and alcohol abuse, and distress. Interventions for children with childhood adversities were needed to prevent mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titik Juwariah
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fendy Suhariadi
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Oedojo Soedirham
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Agus Priyanto
- Nursing Study Program, Ganesha Husada College of Health, Kediri, Indonesia
| | - Erni Setiyorini
- Nursing Study Program, Patria Husada College of Health, Blitar, Indonesia
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Simões ÉV, Oliveira AMND, Pinho LBD, Oliveira SMD, Lourenção LG, Farias FLRD. Relationships of adolescents with suicidal behavior with social support networks. Rev Gaucha Enferm 2022; 43:e20210033. [PMID: 35043877 DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2022.20210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the relationships of adolescents with suicidal behavior established with social support networks. METHOD Qualitative study addressing ten adolescents with suicidal behavior cared for by a psychosocial care center attending children and adolescents located in southern Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were held in July 2020 via WhatsApp during the COVID-19 pandemic, and data were analyzed according to Minayo's thematic analysis. RESULTS Two categories emerged: Dynamics of the relationships established in the family support network and Relationships established with the remaining social support network members, which revealed a weak social support network established with friends and at the school context. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS This study enabled identifying how relationships are established in the social support networks and how these reflected on the adolescents' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilen Vieira Simões
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Adriane Maria Netto de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Leandro Barbosa de Pinho
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Stella Minasi de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Luciano Garcia Lourenção
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Nsereko JR, Garman EC, Roomaney R. Depressive symptoms and socio-demographic correlates among adolescents in Kampala: a cross-sectional study. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00812463211049886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in secondary school students in Kampala, Uganda, and assess associations with demographic characteristics and living arrangements. In this cross-sectional study, 14- to 17-year-olds were recruited from six randomly selected schools in Kampala. Participants completed a questionnaire, covering demographic questions and the affective problems subscale of the Youth Self-Report (YSR) – a depression screening tool for minors. Scores range from 0 to 26; a minimum score of 9 and 8 for female and male participants, respectively, suggests depressive symptoms in the clinical range, according to standard (non-local) norms. Unadjusted logistic regressions were used to assess demographic (e.g., age, gender, religion, parental education) and family-related characteristics (e.g., living arrangements, household size) associated with symptoms of depression in the clinical range. In total, 503 participants were recruited, of which 26.6% had depressive symptoms in the clinical range (female: 32.5%, male: 18.1%; risk ratio [RR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.28, 2.51]). Those who reported living with only one parent (RR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.14, 2.30]) or another family member/friend (RR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.14, 2.30]) were at increased risk of depressive symptoms above clinical threshold compared with participants living with both parents. A quarter of urban low-risk school-going adolescents had depressive symptoms in the clinical range in Kampala; girls and adolescents not living with their parents were particularly vulnerable. It recommended that school staff be equipped with skills to identify students who may be at risk for depression and make appropriate referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Claire Garman
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Clemens V, Plener PL, Brähler E, Strauß B, Fegert JM. [Parental Separation - Is the Accumulation with Other Adverse Childhood Experiences the Main Burden? Analysis of a Representative Sample of the German Population]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2020; 71:81-89. [PMID: 32823358 DOI: 10.1055/a-1197-7144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) tend to co-occur. The more forms of childhood adverse are experienced, the higher are the psychological and physical impairments in adulthood. The present study therefore examines the extent to which the experience of parental separation is related to the risk of other forms of ACEs and the extent to which the accumulation of ACEs is related to impairment in adulthood. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of a representative sample of the German population from the age of 18 onwards was performed (N=2466; mean age=49.5 years (18-93); f: 1368 (55.5%); m: 1098 (44.5%)). The demographic data were assessed by interview, the remaining data were collected by questionnaires. Current depressive and anxiety symptoms self-perceived somatic health and life quality were assessed, while ACEs were assessed retrospectively by the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)-Questionnaire. RESULTS Child maltreatment and mental illness of household members, substance abuse of household members, incarceration of household members and violence against the mother were more frequent when participants reported separation of parents. Parental separation was not associated with an increased rate of psychological impairment and, in women, physical impairment when no other forms of ACEs were present. CONCLUSION Children and adolescents whose parents have separated more often experience other forms of ACEs than their peers. It seems to be this accumulation of ACEs that is associated with impairments in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Clemens
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychaitrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm.,Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Paul L Plener
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychaitrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm.,Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Österreich
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universität Leipzig.,Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - Bernhard Strauß
- Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychaitrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
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Marcussen J, Thuen F, O'Connor M, Wilson RL, Hounsgaard L. Double bereavement, mental health consequences and support needs of children and young adults—When a divorced parent dies. J Clin Nurs 2020; 29:1238-1253. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jette Marcussen
- OPEN – OPEN Patient Data Explorative Network Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
- Health Science Research Center University College Lillebaelt Odense M Denmark
- School of Nursing University College Lillebaelt Odense M Denmark
| | - Frode Thuen
- Center for Evidence‐based Practice Bergen University College Bergen Norway
| | - Maja O'Connor
- Department of Psychology and Behaviour Sciences University of Aarhus Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Rhonda L. Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia
- College of Health Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
- Adjunct University of England UK
| | - Lise Hounsgaard
- OPEN – OPEN Patient Data Explorative Network Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
- Center for Psychiatric Nursing and Health Research Institute of Regional Research University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
- Head of Research Institute for Nursing and Health Sciences University of Greenland Nuuk Greenland
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