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Weng X, Liu Y, Cui S, Cheng B. The role of RORα in salivary gland lesions in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:205. [PMID: 30189901 PMCID: PMC6127992 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The orphan nuclear receptors retinoic acid-related receptor α and γt (RORα and RORγt) are critical in the development of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and ROR-specific synthetic ligands have proven efficacy in several mouse models of autoimmunity. However, the pathological significance of RORα in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) remains to be elucidated. The present study was designed to clarify the significance of RORα in the pathogenesis of pSS. Methods RORα expression in the labial salivary gland (LSG) was determined by immunohistochemical analysis using a quantitative scoring system in 34 patients with pSS. The correlation between RORα expression in LSGs and the focus score (FS) was determined, and Th17 and IL-17 receptor A (1L-17RA) levels in LSGs were determined. To investigate the effect of RORs and the therapeutic potential of targeting RORs in pSS, we administered SR1001, a selective RORα/γt inverse agonist, to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Results The expression of RORα was significantly increased in LSGs of patients with pSS and intensified with disease stage/FS, showing a similar increasing trend with IL-17A and IL-17RA. SR1001 significantly improved salivary gland secretory function and relieved sialadenitis in treated mice. Conclusion Our data reveal the importance of RORα in controlling pathologic lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands and suggest that RORα may be a druggable target in treating pSS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1698-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Weng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Jianhan District, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shun Cui
- Department of Rheumatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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Sun Y, Liu CH, Wang Z, Meng SS, Burnim SB, SanGiovanni JP, Kamenecka TM, Solt LA, Chen J. RORα modulates semaphorin 3E transcription and neurovascular interaction in pathological retinal angiogenesis. FASEB J 2017. [PMID: 28646017 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700172r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pathological proliferation of retinal blood vessels commonly causes vision impairment in proliferative retinopathies, including retinopathy of prematurity. Dysregulated crosstalk between the vasculature and retinal neurons is increasingly recognized as a major factor contributing to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Class 3 semaphorins (SEMA3s), a group of neuron-secreted axonal and vascular guidance factors, suppress pathological vascular growth in retinopathy. However, the upstream transcriptional regulators that mediate the function of SEMA3s in vascular growth are poorly understood. Here we showed that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα), a nuclear receptor and transcription factor, is a novel transcriptional regulator of SEMA3E-mediated neurovascular coupling in a mouse model of oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy. We found that genetic deficiency of RORα substantially induced Sema3e expression in retinopathy. Both RORα and SEMA3E were expressed in retinal ganglion cells. RORα directly bound to a specific ROR response element on the promoter of Sema3e and negatively regulated Sema3e promoter-driven luciferase expression. Suppression of Sema3e using adeno-associated virus 2 carrying short hairpin RNA targeting Sema3e promoted disoriented pathological neovascularization and partially abolished the inhibitory vascular effects of RORα deficiency in retinopathy. Our findings suggest that RORα is a novel transcriptional regulator of SEMA3E-mediated neurovascular coupling in pathological retinal angiogenesis.-Sun, Y., Liu, C.-H., Wang, Z., Meng, S. S., Burnim, S. B., SanGiovanni, J. P., Kamenecka, T. M., Solt, L. A., Chen, J. RORα modulates semaphorin 3E transcription and neurovascular interaction in pathological retinal angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven S Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel B Burnim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Laura A Solt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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3
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Nuclear receptor RORα regulates pathologic retinal angiogenesis by modulating SOCS3-dependent inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10401-6. [PMID: 26243880 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504387112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic ocular angiogenesis is a leading cause of blindness, influenced by both dysregulated lipid metabolism and inflammation. Retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) is a lipid-sensing nuclear receptor with diverse biologic function including regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation; however, its role in pathologic retinal angiogenesis remains poorly understood. Using a mouse model of oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy, we showed that RORα expression was significantly increased and genetic deficiency of RORα substantially suppressed pathologic retinal neovascularization. Loss of RORα led to decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased levels of antiinflammatory cytokines in retinopathy. RORα directly suppressed the gene transcription of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a critical negative regulator of inflammation. Inhibition of SOCS3 abolished the antiinflammatory and vasoprotective effects of RORα deficiency in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, treatment with a RORα inverse agonist SR1001 effectively protected against pathologic neovascularization in both oxygen-induced retinopathy and another angiogenic model of very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr)-deficient (Vldlr (-/-) ) mice with spontaneous subretinal neovascularization, whereas a RORα agonist worsened oxygen-induced retinopathy. Our data demonstrate that RORα is a novel regulator of pathologic retinal neovascularization, and RORα inhibition may represent a new way to treat ocular neovascularization.
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Bacterial Expression, Refolding, Functional Characterization, and Mass Spectrometric Identification of Full-Length Human PPAR-γ. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:1173-80. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Refolding Technology for scFv Using a New Detergent, N-Lauroyl-L-glutamate and Arginine. Antibodies (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/antib1020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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6
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Cirkovas A, Sereikaite J. Different effects of l-arginine on the heat-induced unfolding and aggregation of proteins. Biologicals 2011; 39:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ermisch M, Firla B, Steinhilber D. Protein kinase A activates and phosphorylates RORα4 in vitro and takes part in RORα activation by CaMK-IV. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408:442-6. [PMID: 21514275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The retinoic acid related orphan receptor RORα positively regulates the transcription of genes important for cerebellar development, immune function, lipid metabolism, and circadian rhythm. In the present study, we identified protein kinase A (PKA) as RORα4 phosphorylating kinase in vitro. The primary sequence of RORα4 contains a PKA recognition motif (R-D-S99) within the c-terminal extension of the DNA-binding domain, and mutation of Ser-99 to Ala prevents RORα4 phosphorylation by PKA. Activation of PKA by dBcAMP results in a marked induction of RORα4 activity. Inhibition of PKA with the selective kinase inhibitor H89 inhibits dBcAMP mediated as well as CaMK-IV triggered increase in RORα4 transcriptional activity. The regulation of RORα activity by PKA as well as CaMK-IV provides a new link in the signalling network that regulates metabolic processes such as glycogen and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ermisch
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Purification and refolding ofEscherichia coli-expressed recombinant human interleukin-2. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2010; 55:209-14. [DOI: 10.1042/ba20090256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Kocerha J, Prucha MS, Kroll KJ, Steinhilber D, Denslow N. Regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein transcription in largemouth bass by orphan nuclear receptor signaling pathways. Endocrinology 2010; 151:341-9. [PMID: 19906818 PMCID: PMC2803149 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein mediates the rate-limiting step of mitochondrial transport of cholesterol for steroid biosynthesis. To investigate the regulation of this protein in lower vertebrates, we cloned the StAR coding region from large-mouth bass for analysis. Induction of the mRNA corresponded with increasing levels of plasma sex steroids in vivo. Cultures of largemouth bass ovarian follicles were exposed to dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), a potent signaling molecule for steroidogenesis. StAR mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by dbcAMP signaling, suggesting that the 5' regulatory region of the gene is functionally conserved. To further analyze its transcriptional regulation, a 2.9-kb portion of the promoter was cloned and transfected into Y-1 cells, a steroidogenic mouse adrenocortical cell line. The promoter activity was induced in a dose-responsive manner upon stimulation with dbcAMP; however, deletion of 1 kb from the 5' end of the promoter segment significantly diminished the transcriptional activation. A putative retinoic acid-related receptor-alpha/rev-erb alpha element was identified between the -1.86- and -2.9-kb region and mutated to assess its potential role in dbcAMP regulation of the promoter. Mutation of the rev-erb alpha element significantly impeded dbcAMP-induced activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and EMSA results revealed rev-erb alpha and retinoic acid-related receptor-alpha enrichment at the site under basal and dbcAMP-induced conditions, respectively. These results implicate important roles for these proteins previously uncharacterized for the StAR promoter. Altogether these data suggest novel regulatory mechanisms for dbcAMP up-regulation of StAR transcription in the distal part of the largemouth bass promoter.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bass/genetics
- Bass/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Mice
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/physiology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/physiology
- Orphan Nuclear Receptors/metabolism
- Orphan Nuclear Receptors/physiology
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannet Kocerha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Stoffers KL, Sorg BL, Seuter S, Rau O, Rådmark O, Steinhilber D. Calcitriol upregulates open chromatin and elongation markers at functional vitamin D response elements in the distal part of the 5-lipoxygenase gene. J Mol Biol 2009; 395:884-96. [PMID: 19837082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) gene expression is strongly upregulated during induction of myeloid cell differentiation by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (calcitriol) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) in a promoter-independent manner. In an activity-guided approach using reporter gene assays where the distal part of the 5-LO gene was included in the reporter gene plasmid, we localized vitamin D response elements (VDREs) within exon 10, exon 12, and intron M. We found that these newly identified VDRE sites are bound by vitamin D receptor both in vitro by gel-shift analysis and in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. In reporter gene assays, the distal part of the 5-LO gene has promoter-like activity that is inducible by calcitriol in a vitamin D receptor-dependent manner. The vitamin D effects were attenuated when the VDREs in exon 10, exon 12, and intron M were deleted or mutated. When we analyzed the effects of calcitriol plus TGFbeta on chromatin modifications at exon 10, exon 12, and intron M of the 5-LO gene in Mono Mac 6 cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, we found an increase in histone H4 K20 monomethylation and a prominent presence of histone H3 K36 trimethylation. Combined treatment with calcitriol and TGFbeta also increased histone H4 acetylation, a marker for open chromatin, and the elongation form of RNA polymerase II at these sites, whereas the transcription initiation marker histone H3 K4 trimethylation was almost undetectable. The data suggest that calcitriol induces chromatin opening and transcript elongation via VDREs located at the 3'-end of the 5-LO gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L Stoffers
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Anti-aggregatory effect of cyclodextrins in the refolding process of recombinant growth hormones from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 44:428-34. [PMID: 19428477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins with different ring size and ring substituents were tested for recombinant mink and porcine growth hormones aggregation suppression in the refolding process from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin show a positive effect on the aggregation suppression of both proteins. The influence of different methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin concentrations on the renaturation yield of both growth hormones was investigated. Moreover, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin suppress not only folding-related, but also temperature-related aggregates formation of both proteins. Circular dichroism experiments (monitoring of protein solution turbidity by registering high tension voltage) showed that the onset temperature of aggregation of both growth hormones increased with increasing 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin concentration. In conclusion, cyclodextrins have perspectives in biotechnology of veterinary growth hormones not only for protein production, but also for its storage.
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Bajorunaite E, Sereikaite J, Bumelis VA. l-Arginine Suppresses Aggregation of Recombinant Growth Hormones in Refolding Process from E. coli Inclusion Bodies. Protein J 2007; 26:547-55. [PMID: 17823856 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-007-9096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
L-Arginine was used to suppress the aggregation of recombinant mink and porcine growth hormones in the refolding process from E. coli inclusion bodies by solubilization-dilution protocol at high protein concentration and pH 8.0. The influence of L-arginine concentration on the renaturation yield of both proteins was investigated. L-Arginine effectively suppressed the precipitation of growth hormones during dilution, but did not inhibit soluble oligomers formation. The results of mink and porcine growth hormones purification from 4 g of biomass are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Bajorunaite
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio al. 11, 10223, Vilnius-40, Lithuania
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Lechtken A, Hörnig M, Werz O, Corvey N, Zündorf I, Dingermann T, Brandes R, Steinhilber D. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 phosphorylates RORalpha4 in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:890-6. [PMID: 17512500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The retinoic acid related orphan receptor RORalpha activates transcription of genes that play an important role in cerebellar development, the protection against age-related degenerative processes, the regulation of inflammatory responses, and is one of the pivotal participants that control the circadian rhythmicity in the core-clock of mammals. We identified the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK-2) as RORalpha4 phosphorylating kinase in vitro. The primary sequence of RORalpha4 contains an ERK-2 recognition motif (P-L-T(128)-P) within the hinge domain, and mutation of Thr-128 to Ala prevents RORalpha4 phosphorylation by ERK. The RORalpha4-T128A mutant exhibits an increased DNA-binding affinity, an increased transcriptional activity and, in the interplay with the opponent RevErbalpha, acts as a stronger competitor at ROR response elements than RORalpha4-WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Lechtken
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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