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Qian J, Yu F, Arnold LA, Saha A, Zheng L, Zhao M. Exploring structural features of sleep-enhancing peptides derived from casein hydrolysates by chemometrics and random forest methodology. Food Chem 2024; 461:140838. [PMID: 39167944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Milk casein is regarded as source to release potential sleep-enhancing peptides. Although various casein hydrolysates exhibited sleep-enhancing activity, the underlying reason remains unclear. This study firstly revealed the structural features of potential sleep-enhancing peptides from casein hydrolysates analyzed through peptidomics and multivariate analysis. Additionally, a random forest model and a potential Tyr-based peptide library were established, and then those peptides were quantified to facilitate rapidly-screening. Our findings indicated that YP-, YI/L, and YQ-type peptides with 4-10 amino acids contributed more to higher sleep-enhancing activity of casein hydrolysates, due to their crucial structural features and abundant numbers. Furthermore, three novel strong sleep-enhancing peptides, YQKFPQY, YPFPGPIPN, and YIPIQY were screened, and their activities were validated in vivo. Molecular docking results elucidated the importance of the YP/I/L/Q- structure at the N-terminus of casein peptides in forming crucial hydrogen bond and π-alkyl interactions with His-102 and Asn-60, respectively in the GABAA receptor for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fengjie Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Lalonde R. Anxiolytic-like effects of milk proteins. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 240:173789. [PMID: 38735399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Milk varieties and specific proteins exhibit anxiolytic-like actions in mice and rats exposed to several tests, the most prominent being the elevated plus-maze. Administrations of αs1-casein, its 91-100 (α-casozepine), 91-97, 91-93, and 91-92 fragments, the 60-69 fragment of β-casein, lactoferrin, β-lactotensin, wheylin-1, wheylin-2, and α-lactalbumin have been reported to increase open arm exploration relative to enclosed arm exploration. Anxiolytic-like actions have also been described for 91-93 and 91-92 fragments of αs1-casein, wheylin-1, α-lactalbumin, and lactoferrin in the open-field. Some effects appear to be mediated by the GABAA receptor complex, since antagonists mitigated the anxiolytic-like actions of αs1-casein, the 91-92 fragment of αs1-casein, and wheylin-1. Other neurotransmitters purported to affect such behaviors include 5HT, dopamine, and neurotensin. Further research is needed to identify their neuropharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (UR SIMPA), Campus Santé, Bât A/B, 9, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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Lim SE, Kim HS, Lee S, Kang EY, Lim JH, Kim BY, Shin SM, Baek Y. Dietary supplementation with Lactium and L-theanine alleviates sleep disturbance in adults: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1419978. [PMID: 38953043 PMCID: PMC11215043 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1419978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of natural products for the treatment of sleep disturbances is increasing owing to the side effects and limitations of traditional sleep therapy. Moreover, recent studies have shown a significant correlation between sleep quality and gut microbiota composition. This study aimed to assess the impact of LTC-022, a commercially available dietary supplement containing Lactium and L-theanine, on enhancing sleep quality. Methods Forty participants experiencing sleep discomfort were enrolled in a double-blind randomized controlled trial, wherein they received LTC-022 or a placebo orally for 8 weeks. The effects of treatment on sleep quality were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index. To comprehensively evaluate changes in sleep patterns, various parameters were evaluated, including the time in bed (TIB), total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO) counts, and bedtime. These parameters were derived from daily sleep logs recorded over the 8-week study period, categorized into weekdays and weekends. Stool samples were analyzed for microbiome composition. The V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was amplified using specific primers (515F and 806R) and targeted for analysis. Microbial diversity, including operational taxonomic units, the Shannon and Chao indices, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and the variety of bacterial taxa, was assessed. Results No significant differences were observed in sleep quality and insomnia scale characteristics between the two groups. In-depth analysis using sleep diaries showed that WASO counts after 8 weeks and bedtime after 4 weeks showed significant differences between the LTC-022 and control groups. In the LTC-022 group, significant differences were observed in the increase in TST, decrease in SOL, increase in SE, decrease in WASO counts, and earlier bedtime. Microbiome analysis revealed that the abundance of the genera Blautia and Ruminococcus increased in fecal samples from the LTC-022 group. Conclusion These results suggest that continuous LTC-022 intake has a beneficial effect on maintaining sleep duration and an appropriate bedtime. Additionally, changes in the gut microbiota may be linked to changes in sleep patterns resulting from the consumption of Lactium and L-theanine. Clinical trial registration https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/22841, KCT0007750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Eun Lim
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seok Kim
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Siwoo Lee
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kang
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Lim
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Kim
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Shin
- Department of Internal Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Baek
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Qian J, Yu F, Zheng L, Luo D, Zhao M. Comparison of the Protective Effects of Casein Hydrolysate Containing Tyr-Pro-Val-Glu-Pro-Phe and Casein on the Behaviors and Peripheral and Brain Functions in Mice with Chronic-Stress-Induced Anxiety and Insomnia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11515-11530. [PMID: 38726599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major inducer of anxiety and insomnia. Milk casein has been studied for its stress-relieving effects. We previously prepared a casein hydrolysate (CP) rich in the sleep-enhancing peptide YPVEPF, and this study aims to systemically investigate the different protective effects of CP and casein on dysfunction and anxiety/insomnia behavior and its underlying mechanisms in chronically stressed mice. Behavioral results showed that CP ameliorated stress-induced insomnia and anxiety more effectively than milk casein, and this difference in amelioration was highly correlated with an increase in GABA, 5-HT, GABAA, 5-HT1A receptors, and BDNF and a decrease in IL-6 and NMDA receptors in stressed mice. Furthermore, CP restored these dysfunctions in the brain and colon by activating the HPA response, modulating the ERK/CREB-BDNF-TrκB signaling pathway, and alleviating inflammation. The abundant YPVEPF (1.20 ± 0.04%) and Tyr-based/Trp-containing peptides of CP may be the key reasons for its different effects compared to casein. Thus, this work revealed the main active structures of CP and provided a novel dietary intervention strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic-stress-induced dysfunction and anxiety/insomnia behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fengjie Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Qian J, Zheng L, Huang M, Zhao M. Potential Mechanisms of Casein Hexapeptide YPVEPF on Stress-Induced Anxiety and Insomnia Mice and Its Molecular Effects and Key Active Structure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6189-6202. [PMID: 38501577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The hexapeptide YPVEPF with strong sleep-enhancing effects could be detected in rat brain after a single oral administration as we previously proved. In this study, the mechanism and molecular effects of YPVEPF in the targeted stress-induced anxiety mice were first investigated, and its key active structure was further explored. The results showed that YPVEPF could significantly prolong sleep duration and improve the anxiety indexes, including prolonging the time spent in the open arms and in the center. Meanwhile, YPVEPF showed strong sleep-enhancing effects by significantly increasing the level of the GABA/Glu ratio, 5-HT, and dopamine in brain and serum and regulating the anabolism of multiple targets, but the effects could be blocked by bicuculline and WAY100135. Moreover, the molecular simulation results showed that YPVEPF could stably bind to the vital GABAA and 5-HT1A receptors due to the vital structure of Tyr-Pro-Xaa-Xaa-Pro-, and the electrostatic and van der Waals energy played dominant roles in stabilizing the conformation. Therefore, YPVEPF displayed sleep-enhancing and anxiolytic effects by regulating the GABA-Glu metabolic pathway and serotoninergic system depending on distinctive self-folding structures with Tyr and two Pro repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Huapeptides Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, China
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St-Onge MP, Zuraikat FM, Neilson M. Exploring the Role of Dairy Products In Sleep Quality: From Population Studies to Mechanistic Evaluations. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:283-294. [PMID: 36774251 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep affect a large portion of the population. This is concerning given increasing evidence that poor sleep health is a behavioral risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. A healthy diet is associated with a plethora of favorable health outcomes, and emerging research now highlights diet as a potential determinant of sleep health that could be leveraged to improve sleep quality. Dairy products are notably rich in tryptophan (Trp), a key substrate for serotonin and melatonin production, which are instrumental for initiating and maintaining sleep. Furthermore, dairy products provide a range of micronutrients that serve as cofactors in the synthesis of melatonin from Trp, which could contribute to sleep-promoting effects. In this review, we evaluate population studies and clinical trials to examine a possible link between dairy consumption and sleep. Available epidemiologic studies illustrate positive associations between dairy intake and sleep outcomes. Moreover, some intervention studies support a causal effect of dairy intake on sleep. Given these data, we discuss potential mechanisms, invite additional clinical research on this topic, and provide insights on how limitations of current studies can be addressed in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Center of Excellence in Sleep and Circadian Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Faris M Zuraikat
- Center of Excellence in Sleep and Circadian Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mackenzie Neilson
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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The Anxiolytic-like Properties of a Tryptic Hydrolysate of Bovine α s1 Casein Containing α-Casozepine Rely on GABA A Receptor Benzodiazepine Binding Sites but Not the Vagus Nerve. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112212. [PMID: 35684011 PMCID: PMC9182760 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A tryptic hydrolysate of bovine αs1-casein (CH) exerts anxiolytic-like properties in many species, including humans. This is mainly related to the presence of α-casozepine (α-CZP), which yields these properties in rodents. This study evaluates, in a rat model, the roles of the vagus nerve and the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors in the mode of action of CH. (2) Methods: The conditioned defensive burying test was used to evaluate anxiety. (3) Results: Participation of the vagus nerve in the mode of action of CH was excluded, as the global anxiety score in vagotomised rats was not significantly different from that of non-vagotomised animals. The blocking of the binding sites of benzodiazepines with flumazenil antagonised CH anxiolytic-like properties. (4) Conclusions: The vagus nerve does not play a role in the anxiolytic-like properties of CH. On the other hand, this anxiolytic-like activity relies on the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptors. This result is consistent with previous in vitro studies and, more specifically with the discovery of α-CZP, the peptide responsible for the anxiolytic-like properties of CH.
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Role of Lactium™ in Psychodermatology: The CERTAIN Trial# on Patients with Acne Vulgaris. Dermatol Res Pract 2022; 2022:2916317. [PMID: 35573814 PMCID: PMC9095396 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2916317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress plays an important role in the causation and aggravation of psychodermatological conditions such as acne vulgaris. Alpha casein hydrolysate (αs1-casein hydrolysate; Lactium) has been shown to decrease serum cortisol levels, reduce stress-related symptoms, and promote relaxation. “This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Lactium™ plus standard care to those of standard of care alone in reducing stress levels and acne severity in patients with acne vulgaris.” The C.E.R.T.A.I.N trial (Name registered with Clinical Trials Registry-India-No. CTRI/2019/01/017172) is a randomized, controlled, multicenter, open-label, two-arm, investigator-initiated clinical trial. A total of 100 patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the two groups: Lactium™ plus standard care or standard care alone. Stress levels were assessed using serum cortisol levels, Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) acne severity scale scores, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) scores. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was also used to assess the impact of the skin disease on patients' quality of life. At 12 weeks, stress levels were significantly lower in group A (Nixiyax plus standard of care) than that in group B(only standard care), as measured by the change in serum cortisol levels (4.75 ± 4.46 vs. −0.24 ± 5.22). Furthermore, the mean change in PSS scores (3.09 ± 2.04 vs. 0.90 ± 2.76) and HAM-A scores (5.11 ± 1.94 vs. 1.25 ± 3.13) was significant. Patients in both arms had a significant decrease in total, inflammatory, and noninflammatory acne lesions, as well as a significant improvement in DLQI and IGA scores. In patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris, Lactium™ was found to be both safe and well-tolerated. Lactium™ plus standard care is more effective than standard care alone in reducing acne severity through stress reduction.
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Chronic mild stress paradigm as a rat model of depression: facts, artifacts, and future perspectives. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:663-693. [PMID: 35072761 PMCID: PMC8785013 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm was first described almost 40 years ago and has become a widely used model in the search for antidepressant drugs for major depression disorder (MDD). It has resulted in the publication of almost 1700 studies in rats alone. Under the original CMS procedure, the expression of an anhedonic response, a key symptom of depression, was seen as an essential feature of both the model and a depressive state. The prolonged exposure of rodents to unpredictable/uncontrollable mild stressors leads to a reduction in the intake of palatable liquids, behavioral despair, locomotor inhibition, anxiety-like changes, and vegetative (somatic) abnormalities. Many of the CMS studies do not report these patterns of behaviors, and they often fail to include consistent molecular, neuroanatomical, and physiological phenotypes of CMS-exposed animals. OBJECTIVES To critically review the CMS studies in rats so that conceptual and methodological flaws can be avoided in future studies. RESULTS Analysis of the literature supports the validity of the CMS model and its impact on the field. However, further improvements could be achieved by (i) the stratification of animals into 'resilient' and 'susceptible' cohorts within the CMS animals, (ii) the use of more refined protocols in the sucrose test to mitigate physiological and physical artifacts, and (iii) the systematic evaluation of the non-specific effects of CMS and implementation of appropriate adjustments within the behavioral tests. CONCLUSIONS We propose methodological revisions and the use of more advanced behavioral tests to refine the rat CMS paradigm, which offers a valuable tool for developing new antidepressant medications.
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Qian J, Zheng L, Su G, Huang M, Luo D, Zhao M. Identification and Screening of Potential Bioactive Peptides with Sleep-Enhancing Effects in Bovine Milk Casein Hydrolysate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11246-11258. [PMID: 34543014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Casein tryptic hydrolysate (CTH) has been proven to possess stress-relieving and sleep-enhancing effects, but only one decapeptide YLGYLEQLLR (α-CZP) in CTH was reported to exhibit affinity for the benzodiazepine site of a GABAA receptor (GABAAR). This study aimed to compare the sleep-enhancing effects between CTH and α-CZP and to explore novel sleep-enhancing peptides. Our results showed that CTH significantly prolonged sleep duration in mice, which was almost 2-fold longer than that of α-CZP. The α-CZP in CTH was degraded more slowly than the synthetic α-CZP; meanwhile, CTH could release other potential sleep-enhancing peptides during gastrointestinal digestion. Additionally, two peptides YPVEPF and YFYPEL with strong sleep-enhancing activity were explored by virtual screening. Especially, YPVEPF could significantly prolong the sleep duration from 559.00 ± 272.24 to 2501.63 ± 1021.21 s and increase the sleep rate from 58.33 to 83.33% in mice. Moreover, YPVEPF and YFYPEL could bind with the Ser-205 and Phe-77 residues of GABAAR via hydrogen bonds and lipid contacts. They were largely released after digestion with 11.19 ± 0.15 and 1.78 ± 0.01 g/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Manna SSS. Possible influence of neurosteroids in the anxiolytic effects of alpha-casozepine. Med Hypotheses 2021; 155:110655. [PMID: 34392107 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-casozepine (α CZP), a tryptic hydrolysate of milk casein is a decapeptide shown to promote sleep and produce anxiolytic or anticonvulsant activity. Intriguingly, studies indicate structural similarities to benzodiazepine (BZD)-like molecules (e.g., diazepam), resulting in positive modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid A type (GABAA) receptors. However, some unexplained anomalous behaviour of α-CZP includes 1) 1000 times less affinity for BZD site on GABAA receptor in vitro conditions, whereas in vivo it showed 10-fold increased affinity when compared to diazepam; 2) anxiolytic effects were observed only in stressed conditions and 3) unlike diazepam, it failed to exhibit dependence or habituation. Interestingly, neurosteroids like allopregnanolone or its analogues that are synthesized de novo have both genomic and non-genomic actions. The rapid nongenomic neuronal inhibition of these compounds is mediated by GABAA receptors through autocrine and paracrine actions. Studies have shown that changes in the levels of neurosteroids during acute (rise) and chronic stress (decreased), consequently, altering the senetivity of GABAA receptor subunits. Neurosteroids even at low concentration (nanomolar range) potentiate the response of GABA indirectly, while at higher concentrations they directly activate the receptor-channel complex. Interestingly, coadministration of neurosteroids and BZPs has shown not only to prevent the development of tolerance of BZP and augmented recovery from BZP withdrawal anxiety and hyperactivity in mice. The combination also produced synergetic anxiolytic effects. Taken together, the evidence suggests possible implications of neurosteroids in the actions of CZP via BZD receptors. The present hypothesis brings out the possible role of neurosteroids and the various factors that might participate in CZP-induce anxiolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamshree S S Manna
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy Allied Health Sciences, Dr Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur 713206, West Bengal, India.
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12
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Schaafsma A, Mallee L, van den Belt M, Floris E, Kortman G, Veldman J, van den Ende D, Kardinaal A. The Effect of A Whey-Protein and Galacto-Oligosaccharides Based Product on Parameters of Sleep Quality, Stress, and Gut Microbiota in Apparently Healthy Adults with Moderate Sleep Disturbances: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072204. [PMID: 34199006 PMCID: PMC8308271 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
People experiencing sleep problems may benefit from nutrients supporting serotonin metabolism and stress reduction. We studied the effect of a dairy-based product (DP) containing protein, galacto-oligosaccharides, vitamins and minerals, on sleep quality, stress, and gut-microbiota. In a cross-over RCT (three weeks intervention; three weeks washout), adults (n = 70; 30–50 y) with sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ≥ 9) consumed products 1 h before bed-time. Sleep quality (PSQI) was measured weekly, stress at base- and end-line (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and saliva cortisol). Fecal samples were collected in the 1st intervention period only. Compared to placebo (skimmed milk), PSQI was only lower at day 14 in the 2nd intervention period in intention-to-treat (ITT) (p = 0.017; n = 69) and per-protocol (PP) (p = 0.038; n = 64) analyses. Post-hoc analysis (modified-PP: n=47, with baseline PSQI ≥ 9, and endline day 14), however, showed a decrease in PSQI (−1.60 ± 2.53; p = 0.034). Early morning saliva cortisol decreased versus placebo (p = 0.045). Relative abundance of Bifidobacterium increased (p = 0.02). Redundancy analysis showed an inverse relationship between baseline microbiota composition and baseline PSQI (p = 0.046). Thus, although DP did not improve sleep quality in ITT and PP populations, it did in the modPP. DP reduced salivary cortisol and stimulated Bifidobacterium, which possibly is important for sleep improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schaafsma
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands; (L.M.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-653241313
| | - Leonard Mallee
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands; (L.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Maartje van den Belt
- NIZO, Nutrition & Health, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.B.); (E.F.); (G.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Esther Floris
- NIZO, Nutrition & Health, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.B.); (E.F.); (G.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Guus Kortman
- NIZO, Nutrition & Health, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.B.); (E.F.); (G.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Jouke Veldman
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands; (L.M.); (J.V.)
| | | | - Alwine Kardinaal
- NIZO, Nutrition & Health, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.B.); (E.F.); (G.K.); (A.K.)
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Hafeez Z, Benoit S, Cakir-Kiefer C, Dary A, Miclo L. Food protein-derived anxiolytic peptides: their potential role in anxiety management. Food Funct 2021; 12:1415-1431. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Could bioactive peptides from food proteins be used as prophylactic in the management of anxiety disorders?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Benoit
- Université de Lorraine
- CALBINOTOX
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
| | | | - Annie Dary
- Université de Lorraine
- CALBINOTOX
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
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Qi Y, Zhang H, Liang S, Chen J, Yan X, Duan Z, Zhou D, Li Z. Evaluation of the Antidepressant Effect of the Functional Beverage Containing Active Peptides, Menthol and Eleutheroside and Investigation of Its Mechanism of Action in Mice. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 58:295-302. [PMID: 33281485 PMCID: PMC7709459 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.03.20.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Depression has become a global threat to human health. In order to solve it, researchers have conducted multi-faceted studies including diet. Many food-derived bioactive substances have shown antidepressant effects. However, there are few studies on the design of industrialized food with antidepressant effect. This study aims to evaluate the antidepressant effect of a functional beverage made from several ingredients with potential antidepressant function and investigate its antidepressant mechanisms. Experimental approach The beverage consists of peppermint oil, active peptides derived from bovine milk casein and Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) whose active ingredient is eleutheroside. Different amounts of ASE were evaluated to determine the optimal concentration of eleutheroside in this functional beverage to deliver the best antidepressant effect through extensive behavioral testing, including preliminary acute stress experiments and further chronic unpredictable mild stress test. Results and conclusions The results demonstrated that the beverage with 15 mg/kg of eleutheroside could significantly reduce the mice’s immobility time of tail suspension test and forced swimming test, recover mice’s sucrose preference and behavior changes in the open field test, improve the contents of dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and the activity of superoxide dismutase and reduce the content of malondialdehyde in mice’s brains, which indicated that the improvement of monoamine neurotransmitter systems and antioxidation was one potential mechanism of antidepressant action. Novelty and scientific contribution This study provides a design of antidepressant functional beverage and an efficient way for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Sha Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2510 River Dr, TN 37996 Knoxville, USA
| | - Xiaoni Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Zhouyu Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Deyang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, PR China
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Sharifan P, Khoshakhlagh M, Khorasanchi Z, Darroudi S, Rezaie M, Safarian M, Vatanparast H, Afshari A, Ferns G, Ghazizadeh H, Ghayour Mobarhan M. Efficacy of low-fat milk and yogurt fortified with encapsulated vitamin D 3 on improvement in symptoms of insomnia and quality of life: Evidence from the SUVINA trial. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4484-4490. [PMID: 32884728 PMCID: PMC7455959 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep disorders are a common condition globally. Vitamin D receptors are present on cells in several regions of the brain. It is possible that vitamin D status may affect brain function, including sleep patterns. We aimed to evaluate the 1,500 IU of Nano-encapsulated vitamin D fortified in dairy products on the symptoms of insomnia and associated improvement of quality of life. METHODS A case series was undertaken as part of the Survey of ultraviolent intake by nutritional approach project. Subjects enrolled among adults with abdominal obesity. Twenty-nine subjects with insomnia were selected according to the results of Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire and quality of life using a Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Subjects were allocated to four groups: low-fat milk fortified by 1,500 IU vitamin D3 (n = 8), simple milk (n = 8), low-fat yogurt fortified by 1,500 IU vitamin D3 (n = 7), and simple yogurt (n = 6) and were treated for 10 weeks. RESULTS The insomnia score improved after the intervention in the group receiving vitamin D fortified milk compared to group receiving unfortified milk (p < .001). There were no significant differences between the two groups taking yogurt (fortified vs. unfortified). Comparison of quality of life scores between baseline and after intervention indicated significant improvements in both fortified and simple milk groups (p = .002 and p = .03, respectively); but no differences were found in the groups taking yogurt. CONCLUSION Fortified low-fat milk containing 1,500 IU vitamin D3 can improve insomnia symptoms and subsequently quality of life.Trial registration number: IRCT20101130005280N27, www.IRCT.ir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Sharifan
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Medical BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Susan Darroudi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mitra Rezaie
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Asma Afshari
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical SchoolDivision of Medical EducationBrightonUK
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- International UNESCO center for Health‐Related Basic Sciences and Human NutritionMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- International UNESCO center for Health‐Related Basic Sciences and Human NutritionMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Benoit S, Chaumontet C, Schwarz J, Cakir-Kiefer C, Boulier A, Tomé D, Miclo L. Anxiolytic Activity and Brain Modulation Pattern of the α-Casozepine-Derived Pentapeptide YLGYL in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051497. [PMID: 32455588 PMCID: PMC7285003 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Casozepine (α-CZP) is an anxiolytic-like bioactive decapeptide derived from bovine αs1-casein. The N-terminal peptide YLGYL was previously identified after proteolysis of the original peptide in an in vitro digestion model. Its putative anxiolytic-like properties were evaluated in a Swiss mice model using a light/dark box (LDB) after an intraperitoneal injection (0.5 mg/kg). The effect of YLGYL on c-Fos expression in brain regions linked to anxiety regulation was afterwards evaluated via immunofluorescence and compared to those of α-CZP and diazepam, a reference anxiolytic benzodiazepine. YLGYL elicited some anxiolytic-like properties in the LDB, similar to α-CZP and diazepam. The two peptides displayed some strong differences compared with diazepam in terms of c-Fos expression modulation in the prefontal cortex, the amygdala, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, the periaqueductal grey, and the raphe magnus nucleus, implying a potentially different mode of action. Additionally, YLGYL modulated c-Fos expression in the amygdala and in one of the raphe nuclei, displaying a somewhat similar pattern of activation as α-CZP. Nevertheless, some differences were also spotted between the two peptides, making it possible to formulate the hypothesis that these peptides could act differently on anxiety regulation. Taken together, these results showed that YLGYL could contribute to the in vivo overall action of α-CZP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Benoit
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.C.-K.); (L.M.)
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Inrae, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France; (C.C.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0-1223-769048
| | - Catherine Chaumontet
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Inrae, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France; (C.C.); (D.T.)
| | | | - Céline Cakir-Kiefer
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.C.-K.); (L.M.)
| | | | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Inrae, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France; (C.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Laurent Miclo
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.C.-K.); (L.M.)
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Li S, Hu Q, Chen C, Liu J, He G, Li L, Wu J, Ren D. Formation of bioactive peptides during simulated gastrointestinal digestion is affected by αs1-casein polymorphism in buffalo milk. Food Chem 2020; 313:126159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yayeh T, Leem YH, Kim KM, Jung JC, Schwarz J, Oh KW, Oh S. Administration of Alpha s1-Casein Hydrolysate Increases Sleep and Modulates GABA A Receptor Subunit Expression. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:268-273. [PMID: 29316237 PMCID: PMC5933893 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is the most basic and essential physiological requirement for mental health, and sleep disorders pose potential risks of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Tryptic hydrolysate of αS1-casein (αS1-CH) has been shown to possess stress relieving and sleep promoting effects. However, the differential effects of αS1-CH on electroencephalographic wave patterns and its effects on the protein levels of γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor subtypes in hypothalamic neurons are not well understood. We found αS1-CH (120, 240 mg/kg) increased sleep duration in mice and reduced sleep-wake cycle numbers in rats. While αS1-CH (300 mg/kg) increased total sleeping time in rats, it significantly decreased wakefulness. In addition, electroencephalographic theta (θ) power densities were increased whereas alpha (α) power densities were decreased by αS1-CH (300 mg/kg) during sleep-wake cycles. Furthermore, protein expressions of GABAA receptor β1 subtypes were elevated in rat hypothalamus by αS1-CH. These results suggest αS1-CH, through GABAA receptor modulation, might be useful for treating sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taddesse Yayeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and TIDRC, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea-Hyun Leem
- Department of Molecular Medicine and TIDRC, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd, Ochang, Cheongwon 28126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Jung
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd, Ochang, Cheongwon 28126, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ki-Wan Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seikwan Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and TIDRC, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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19
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Benoit S, Chaumontet C, Schwarz J, Cakir-Kiefer C, Tomé D, Miclo L. Mapping in mice the brain regions involved in the anxiolytic-like properties of α-casozepine, a tryptic peptide derived from bovine α s1 -casein. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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20
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Sekartini R, Chandra DN, Arsianti T, Bardosono S, Wiguna T, Schaafsma A. An evening milk drink can affect word recall in Indonesian children with decreased sleep efficiency: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:546-555. [PMID: 28511588 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1323396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep is important for memory consolidation in children. This study intended to find out whether an evening milk-based drink could influence sleep efficiency and memory recall in a group of Indonesian children (5-6 years old) with sleep deprivation. METHODS Children were randomly allocated to one of three interventions: Reference product, satiety-stimulating product, and a relaxing product. The intervention lasted for 6 weeks and children consumed two servings per day of each 200 ml, the serving in the morning being the same for all children. All measurements took place at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Sleep parameters were studied using actigraphy and a sleep diary during three consecutive days. Memory consolidation was tested using a 20 word-pair list, which was memorized the evening before being recalled the next morning at home-base. Anthropometry was measured using standard equipment. RESULTS The Satiety group showed a significant decrease in word recall, and a significant increase in nocturnal awakenings that was inversely associated with sleep efficiency at the end of the intervention. Sleep efficiency did not differ between the three groups being 75.5 ± 8.6% and 75.7 ± 6.3% at baseline and end of the intervention, respectively. Despite the lower energy intake in the Standard (reference) group, this condition showed the highest increase in weight. DISCUSSION Evening growing-up milks can affect memory recall, sleep characteristics, and growth. However, to correct sleep efficiency and sleep duration, improvement of parental behavior may be the most important factor with nutrition providing a supplementary effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Sekartini
- a Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jl Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta Pusat 10430 , Indonesia
| | - Dian Novita Chandra
- b Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia , Jl Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta Pusat , Indonesia
| | - Tiana Arsianti
- b Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia , Jl Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta Pusat , Indonesia
| | - Saptawati Bardosono
- b Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia , Jl Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta Pusat , Indonesia.,c > Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jl Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta Pusat , Indonesia
| | - Tjhin Wiguna
- b Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia , Jl Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta Pusat , Indonesia.,d Department of Psychiatry dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jalan Diponegoro 71 , Jakarta 10430 , Indonesia
| | - Anne Schaafsma
- e FrieslandCampina , Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE, Amersfoort , Netherlands
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21
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Exploring the Effect of Lactium™ and Zizyphus Complex on Sleep Quality: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020154. [PMID: 28218661 PMCID: PMC5331585 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute, non-clinical insomnia is not uncommon. Sufferers commonly turn to short-term use of herbal supplements to alleviate the symptoms. This placebo-controlled, double-blind study investigated the efficacy of LZComplex3 (lactium™, Zizyphus, Humulus lupulus, magnesium and vitamin B6), in otherwise healthy adults with mild insomnia. After a 7-day single-blind placebo run-in, eligible volunteers (n = 171) were randomized (1:1) to receive daily treatment for 2 weeks with LZComplex3 or placebo. Results revealed that sleep quality measured by change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score improved in both the LZComplex3 and placebo groups. There were no significant between group differences between baseline and endpoint on the primary outcome. The majority of secondary outcomes, which included daytime functioning and physical fatigue, mood and anxiety, cognitive performance, and stress reactivity, showed similar improvements in the LZComplex3 and placebo groups. A similar proportion of participants reported adverse events (AEs) in both groups, with two of four treatment-related AEs in the LZComplex3 group resulting in permanent discontinuation. It currently cannot be concluded that administration of LZComplex3 for 2 weeks improves sleep quality, however, a marked placebo response (despite placebo run-in) and/or short duration of treatment may have masked a potential beneficial effect on sleep quality.
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Dela Peña IJI, Kim HJ, de la Peña JB, Kim M, Botanas CJ, You KY, Woo T, Lee YS, Jung JC, Kim KM, Cheong JH. A tryptic hydrolysate from bovine milk αs1-casein enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice via the GABAA receptor. Behav Brain Res 2016; 313:184-190. [PMID: 27401107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that enzymatic hydrolysis of casein, the primary protein component of cow's milk, produces peptides with various biological activities, and some of these peptides may have sleep-promoting effects. In the present study, we evaluated the sedative and sleep-promoting effects of bovine αS1-casein tryptic hydrolysate (CH), containing a decapeptide αS1-casein known as alpha-casozepine. CH was orally administered to ICR mice at various concentrations (75, 150, 300, or 500mg/kg). An hour after administration, assessment of its sedative (open-field and rota-rod tests) and sleep-potentiating effects (pentobarbital-induced sleeping test and EEG monitoring) were conducted. Although a trend can be observed, CH treatment did not significantly alter the spontaneous locomotor activity and motor function of mice in the open-field and rota-rod tests. On the other hand, CH (150mg/kg, respectively) enhanced the sleep induced by pentobarbital sodium in mice. It also promoted slow-wave (delta) EEG activity in rats; a pattern indicative of sleep or relaxation. These behavioral results indicate that CH has sleep-promoting effects, but no or has minimal sedative effects. To elucidate the probable mechanism behind the effects of CH, we examined its action on intracellular chloride ion influx in cultured human neuroblastoma cells. CH dose-dependently increased chloride ion influx, which was blocked by co-administration of bicuculline, a competitive GABAA receptor antagonist. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that CH has sleep-promoting properties which are probably mediated through the GABAA receptor-chloride ion channel complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Joy I Dela Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - June Bryan de la Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chrislean Jun Botanas
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yi You
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeseon Woo
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33 Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Jung
- Life Science Research Institute, NOVAREX Co., Ltd., Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28126, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, NOVAREX Co., Ltd., Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 28126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.
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Gonnissen HKJ, Hulshof T, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Chronobiology, endocrinology, and energy- and food-reward homeostasis. Obes Rev 2013; 14:405-16. [PMID: 23387351 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Energy- and food-reward homeostasis is the essential component for maintaining energy balance and its disruption may lead to metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. Circadian alignment, quality sleep and sleep architecture in relation to energy- and food-reward homeostasis are crucial. A reduced sleep duration, quality sleep and rapid-eye movement sleep affect substrate oxidation, leptin and ghrelin concentrations, sleeping metabolic rate, appetite, food reward, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activity, and gut-peptide concentrations, enhancing a positive energy balance. Circadian misalignment affects sleep architecture and the glucose-insulin metabolism, substrate oxidation, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, leptin concentrations and HPA-axis activity. Mood disorders such as depression occur; reduced dopaminergic neuronal signaling shows decreased food reward. A good sleep hygiene, together with circadian alignment of food intake, a regular meal frequency, and attention for protein intake or diets, contributes in curing sleep abnormalities and overweight/obesity features by preventing overeating; normalizing substrate oxidation, stress, insulin and glucose metabolism including HOMA-IR index, and leptin, GLP-1 concentrations, lipid metabolism, appetite, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation; and normalizing food reward. Synchrony between circadian and metabolic processes including meal patterns plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance and body-weight control. Additive effects of circadian alignment including meal patterns, sleep restoration, and protein diets in the treatment of overweight and obesity are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K J Gonnissen
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrim, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Mizushige T, Sawashi Y, Yamada A, Kanamoto R, Ohinata K. Characterization of Tyr‐Leu‐Gly, a novel anxiolytic‐like peptide released from bovine α
S
‐casein. FASEB J 2013; 27:2911-7. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-225474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Mizushige
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Research Unit for Physiological ChemistryCenter for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research (C‐PIER)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yurina Sawashi
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ayako Yamada
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ryuhei Kanamoto
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kousaku Ohinata
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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Cakir-Kiefer C, Miclo L, Balandras F, Dary A, Soligot C, Le Roux Y. Transport across Caco-2 cell monolayer and sensitivity to hydrolysis of two anxiolytic peptides from αs1-casein, α-casozepine, and αs1-casein-f91-97: effect of bile salts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11956-11965. [PMID: 21981611 DOI: 10.1021/jf202890e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
α-Casozepine and f91-97, peptides from α(s1)-casein, display anxiolytic activity in rats and may have to cross the intestinal epithelium to exert this central effect. We evaluated their resistance to hydrolysis by the peptidases of Caco-2 cells and their ability to cross the cell monolayer. To mimic physiological conditions, two preparations of bile salts were used in noncytotoxic concentrations: porcine bile extract and an equimolar mixture of taurocholate, cholate, and deoxycholate. The presence and composition of bile salts appeared to modulate the peptidase activities of the Caco-2 cells involved (i) in the hydrolysis of α-casozepine, leading to much higher formation of fragments f91-99, f91-98, and f91-97, and (ii) in the hydrolysis of f91-97, leading to lower degradation of this peptide. Transport of α-casozepine across Caco-2 monolayer increased significantly, in the presence of bile extract, and of fragment f91-97, in the presence of bile salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cakir-Kiefer
- Unité de Recherche, Animal & Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (UR AFPA)-Équipe, Protéolyse & Biofonctionnalités des Protéines et des Peptides, Nancy-Université, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Cakir-Kiefer C, Le Roux Y, Balandras F, Trabalon M, Dary A, Laurent F, Gaillard JL, Miclo L. In vitro digestibility of α-casozepine, a benzodiazepine-like peptide from bovine casein, and biological activity of its main proteolytic fragment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4464-4472. [PMID: 21417274 DOI: 10.1021/jf104089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
α-Casozepine is a peptide, corresponding to the sequence 91-100 of the bovine α(s1)-casein, displaying anxiolytic activity in the rat. The α(s1)-casein tryptic hydrolysate containing this peptide decreases stress effects after oral administration in various species including man. Therefore, the stability of this peptide toward gastric and pancreatic proteases has been assessed by using pepsin, chymotrypsin/trypsin, Corolase PP, pepsin followed by chymotrypsin/trypsin or pepsin followed by Corolase PP. α-Casozepine was slowly degraded by chymotrypsin, much more sensitive to pepsin and Corolase PP but not completely destroyed after 4 h kinetics. The bonds in the region 91 to 95 of the α-casozepine were totally resistant to hydrolysis by all studied proteases. Surprisingly, a fragment, corresponding to the sequence 91-97 and found in all the hydrolysis media in significant amount, possessed an anxiolytic activity in three behavioral tests measuring this parameter. This peptide could participate in the in vivo activity of α-casozepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cakir-Kiefer
- Unité de Recherche Animal & Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (UR AFPA), Équipe Protéolyse & Biofonctionnalités des Protéines et des Peptides (PB2P), Nancy-Université, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Rousseau-Ralliard D, Goirand F, Tardivel S, Lucas A, Algaron F, Mollé D, Robert V, Auchère D, Boudier JF, Gaillard JL, Monnet V, Tauzin J, Grynberg A. Inhibitory effect of αS1- and αS2-casein hydrolysates on angiotensin I-converting enzyme in human endothelial cells in vitro, rat aortic tissue ex vivo, and renovascular hypertensive rats in vivo. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2906-21. [PMID: 20630208 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A great number of milk-derived peptides have been shown to exhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties and thus potential utility in the regulation of blood pressure. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of 2 milk trypsin hydrolysates from alpha(S1)- and alpha(S2)-casein (CH1 and CH2, respectively) on ACE activity evaluated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro, rat aortic tissues ex vivo, and renovascular hypertensive rat in vivo. Incubation of HUVEC and rat aortic tissues with CH1 or CH2 induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of hydrolysis of the ACE substrate hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL), the hydrolysates being much less potent than perindopril (an ACE inhibitor). However, in contrast to perindopril, CH1 and CH2 failed to modify angiotensin I-induced aortic ring vasoconstriction. The HPLC profiles of rat plasma after intragastric administration were variable among individuals but none of the observed peaks corresponded to peptides comprising CH1 or CH2 or to fragments of these peptides. During 4 wk of cardiovascular monitoring, in hydrolysate-fed renovascular hypertensive rats, systolic blood pressure weakly decreased compared with the control group. However, the CH1-fed hypertensive rats exhibited a decrease of heart rate during the nocturnal period of activity. To conclude, our results show that CH1 and CH2 inhibited ACE activity in HUVEC and rat aortic tissue but failed to antagonize the aortic-constricting effects of the natural agonist angiotensin I. Moreover, we demonstrated that CH1, to a greater extent than CH2, can slightly affect cardiovascular parameters although the ingested bioactive peptides could not be detected in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rousseau-Ralliard
- INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1154 INRA-Université Paris-Sud 11, Laboratoire Lipides membranaires et régulations fonctionnelles du coeur et des vaisseaux, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296 France.
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Bénézech M, Mullens E, Lalonde R, Desor D, Messaoudi M. Un anxiolytique naturel : l’hydrolysat trypsique de caséine alpha-s1 de lait bovin. Son intérêt en médecine humaine et vétérinaire. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dairy product enriched with milk peptide and magnesium and help to moderate signs of anxiety in mildly stress-sensitive adult - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. EFSA J 2008. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2008.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Field KL, Kimball BA, Mennella JA, Beauchamp GK, Bachmanov AA. Avoidance of hydrolyzed casein by mice. Physiol Behav 2007; 93:189-99. [PMID: 17900635 PMCID: PMC2254509 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When casein, a milk protein, is hydrolyzed, it renders human foods that contain it (e.g., hypoallergenic infant formula, cheeses) distasteful to many people. This rejection of hydrolyzed casein (HC)-containing foods has recently been found to also occur in a non-human species (deer, Odocoileus spp.). Identifying other animals that avoid HC would facilitate understanding how and why HC-containing food is often rejected. This study determined whether HC-containing food is avoided by Mus musculus and whether consumption patterns were sensitive to testing conditions, specifically food form (powder, pellet or dough) and food access (ad libitum or 1.5 h/day following 6 h of food deprivation). Diets were offered in two-choice tests that paired an HC-containing food with an intact casein-containing alternative at seven protein concentrations (0%-50% w/w). Five experimental groups were tested under different combinations of food form and food access. Three groups (ad lib/powder, ad lib/pellet, and 1.5 h/pellet) avoided the HC diet starting at the 30% protein level. At the 40% and 50% protein levels, all groups showed strong avoidance of HC. Although testing conditions influenced total caloric intake and body weight gain, avoidance of HC at the highest concentrations was robust to the manipulations in experimental conditions. Our study suggests that mice may be a useful model for understanding the mechanisms of HC rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Field
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Violle N, Messaoudi M, Lefranc-Millot C, Desor D, Nejdi A, Demagny B, Schroeder H. Ethological comparison of the effects of a bovine αs1-casein tryptic hydrolysate and diazepam on the behaviour of rats in two models of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006; 84:517-23. [PMID: 16899284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2006.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A bovine alpha s1-casein tryptic hydrolysate was previously demonstrated to display an anxiolytic-like activity in the conditioned defensive burying and in the elevated plus-maze models when i.p. injected. The present study assessed the anxiolytic-like effects of this tryptic hydrolysate after an oral administration in rats faced to the same behavioural situations using diazepam as a reference. In a first experiment, the behavioural effects of the hydrolysate in the conditioned defensive burying test were investigated at doses ranging 5-50 mg/kg. The results showed that the minimal dose required to elicit an anxiolytic-like activity is 15 mg/kg. In a second experiment, the alpha s1-casein tryptic hydrolysate (15 mg/kg, p.o.) was demonstrated to display an anxiolytic-like activity similar to diazepam (3 mg/kg, p.o.) in the conditioned defensive burying test and the elevated plus-maze. However, the ethological analysis of behaviour indicated that this hydrolysate has a different activity compared to diazepam. While diazepam induced a disinhibition state in rats, possibly related to the risk-taking behaviour observed after a benzodiazepine ingestion in humans, the tryptic hydrolysate did not display such a side effect. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of the bovine alpha s1-casein tryptic hydrolysate may differ from that of diazepam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Violle
- Neurosciences Comportementales, URAFPA, INRA UC12340, INPL-UHP, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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