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Infection of Vascular Prostheses: A Comprehensive Review. PROSTHESIS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular graft or endograft infection (VGEI) is a complex disease that complicates vascular-surgery and endovascular-surgery procedures and determines high morbidity and mortality. This review article provides the most updated general evidence on the pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of VGEI. Several microorganisms are involved in VGEI development, but the most frequent one, responsible for over 75% of infections, is Staphylococcus aureus. Specific clinical, surgical, radiologic, and laboratory criteria are pivotal for the diagnosis of VGEI. Surgery and antimicrobial therapy are cornerstones in treatment for most patients with VGEI. For patients unfit for surgery, alternative treatment is available to improve the clinical course of VGEI.
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Our Experience over 20 Years: Antimicrobial Peptides against Gram Positives, Gram Negatives, and Fungi. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010040. [PMID: 36678669 PMCID: PMC9862542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is rapidly increasing, and new anti-infective therapies are urgently needed. In this regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may represent potential candidates for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant microorganisms. In this narrative review, we reported the experience of our research group over 20 years. We described the AMPs we evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungi. In conclusion, our experience shows that AMPs can be a key option for treating multiresistant infections and overcoming resistance mechanisms. The combination of AMPs allows antibiotics and antifungals that are no longer effective to exploit the synergistic effect by restoring their efficacy. A current limitation includes poor data on human patients, the cost of some AMPs, and their safety, which is why studies on humans are needed as soon as possible.
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Stachurski O, Neubauer D, Walewska A, Iłowska E, Bauer M, Bartoszewska S, Sikora K, Hać A, Wyrzykowski D, Prahl A, Kamysz W, Sikorska E. Understanding the Role of Self-Assembly and Interaction with Biological Membranes of Short Cationic Lipopeptides in the Effective Design of New Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1491. [PMID: 36358146 PMCID: PMC9686977 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates short cationic antimicrobial lipopeptides composed of 2-4 amino acid residues and C12-C18 fatty acids attached to the N-terminal part of the peptides. The findings were discussed in the context of the relationship among biological activity, self-assembly, stability, and membrane interactions. All the lipopeptides showed the ability to self-assemble in PBS solution. In most cases, the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) much surpassed the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, suggesting that monomers are the main active form of lipopeptides. The introduction of β-alanine into the peptide sequence resulted in a compound with a high propensity to fibrillate, which increased the peptide stability and activity against S. epidermidis and C. albicans and reduced the cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes. The results of our study indicated that the target of action of lipopeptides is the bacterial membrane. Interestingly, the type of peptide counterion may affect the degree of penetration of the lipid bilayer. In addition, the binding of the lipopeptide to the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria may lead to the release of calcium ions necessary for stabilization of the lipopolysaccharide layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktawian Stachurski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Walewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emilia Iłowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Bauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karol Sikora
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Hać
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Prahl
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emilia Sikorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Mufty H, Van Den Eynde J, Meuris B, Metsemakers WJ, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandendriessche T, Steenackers HP, Fourneau I. Pre-clinical in vivo Models of Vascular Graft Coating in the Prevention of Vascular Graft Infection: A Systematic Review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021; 62:99-118. [PMID: 33840577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular graft infection (VGI) remains an important complication with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Currently, studies focusing on the role of vascular graft coatings in the prevention of VGI are scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study were to survey and summarise key features of pre-clinical in vivo models that have been used to investigate coating strategies to prevent VGI and to set up an ideal model that can be used in future preclinical research. DATA SOURCES A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science. REVIEW METHODS For each database, a specific search strategy was developed. Quality was assessed with the Toxicological data Reliability Assessment Tool (ToxRTool). The type of animal model, graft, coating, and pathogen were summarised. The outcome assessment in each study was evaluated. RESULTS In total, 4 667 studies were identified, of which 94 papers focusing on in vivo testing were included. Staphylococcus aureus was the organism most used (n = 65; 67.7%). Most of the graft types were polyester grafts. Rifampicin was the most frequently used antibiotic coating (n = 43, 48.3%). In the outcome assessment, most studies mentioned colony forming unit count (n = 88; 91.7%) and clinical outcome (n = 72; 75%). According to the ToxRTool, 21 (22.3%, n = 21/94) studies were considered to be not reliable. CONCLUSION Currently published in vivo models are very miscellaneous. More attention should be paid to the methodology of these pre-clinical reports when transferring novel graft coatings into clinical practice. Variables used in pre-clinical reports (bacterial strain, duration of activity coating) do not correspond well to current clinical studies. Based on the results of this review, a proposal for a complete and comprehensive set up for pre-clinical invivo testing of anti-infectious properties of vascular graft coatings was defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hozan Mufty
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit of Vascular Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jef Van Den Eynde
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit of Vascular Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Meuris
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit of Vascular Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Van Wijngaerden
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Hans P Steenackers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Fourneau
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit of Vascular Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Małuch I, Stachurski O, Kosikowska-Adamus P, Makowska M, Bauer M, Wyrzykowski D, Hać A, Kamysz W, Deptuła M, Pikuła M, Sikorska E. Double-Headed Cationic Lipopeptides: An Emerging Class of Antimicrobials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238944. [PMID: 33255674 PMCID: PMC7728077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a promising tool in the development of novel therapeutic agents useful in a wide range of bacterial and fungal infections. Among the modifications improving pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of natural AMPs, an important role is played by lipidation. This study focuses on the newly designed and synthesized lipopeptides containing multiple Lys residues or their shorter homologues with palmitic acid (C16) attached to the side chain of a residue located in the center of the peptide sequence. The approach resulted in the development of lipopeptides representing a model of surfactants with two polar headgroups. The aim of this study is to explain how variations in the length of the peptide chain or the hydrocarbon side chain of an amino acid residue modified with C16, affect biological functions of lipopeptides, their self-assembling propensity, and their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Małuch
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Oktawian Stachurski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Paulina Kosikowska-Adamus
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Marta Makowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Marta Bauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Aleksandra Hać
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Str. 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Milena Deptuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Emilia Sikorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Paduszynska MA, Greber KE, Paduszynski W, Sawicki W, Kamysz W. Activity of Temporin A and Short Lipopeptides Combined with Gentamicin against Biofilm Formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E566. [PMID: 32887236 PMCID: PMC7560174 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of biofilms on biomaterials causes biofilm-associated infections. Available treatments often fail to fight the microorganisms in the biofilm, creating serious risks for patient well-being and life. Due to their significant antibiofilm activities, antimicrobial peptides are being intensively investigated in this regard. A promising approach is a combination therapy that aims to increase the efficacy and broaden the spectrum of antibiotics. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of temporin A and the short lipopeptides (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2 in combination with gentamicin against biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Peptides were synthesized with solid-phase temperature-assisted synthesis methodology. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs), minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs), and the influence of combinations of compounds with gentamicin on bacterial biofilm were determined for reference strains of SA (ATCC 25923) and PA (ATCC 9027). The peptides exhibited significant potential to enhance the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against SA biofilm, but there was no synergy in activity against planktonic cells. The antibiotic applied alone demonstrated strong activity against planktonic cells and poor effectiveness against SA biofilm. Biofilm formed by PA was much more sensitive to gentamicin, but some positive influences of supplementation with peptides were noticed. The results of the performed experiments suggest that the potential application of peptides as adjuvant agents in the treatment of biofilm-associated infections should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Anna Paduszynska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Ewa Greber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.E.G.); (W.S.)
| | | | - Wieslaw Sawicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.E.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Dawgul MA, Greber KE, Bartoszewska S, Baranska-Rybak W, Sawicki W, Kamysz W. In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Permeation Study on Lysine- and Arginine-Based Lipopeptides with Proven Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122173. [PMID: 29292739 PMCID: PMC6150024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their excellent antimicrobial activities with a relatively low cost of production, lipopeptides are being intensively investigated as potential alternatives to popular antimicrobials. However, a critical obstacle for their application is a relatively high toxicity, hence a lot of attention has been paid to designing new molecules with optimal properties. In this study we synthesized the following lipopeptides: C16-KK-NH2, C16-KεK-NH2, C16-KKK-NH2, C16-KRK-NH2, C16-RR-NH2, C16-RRR-NH2, (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2. Their antimicrobial activity against representative strains of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi has been confirmed. The compounds have been evaluated with regard to the safety of their application in dermatology. The cytotoxicity was determined in HaCaT keratinocytes using MTT assay, whereas Strat M membranes placed in Franz diffusion cells were used to assess their ability to skin permeation. The compounds containing one hexadecanoic acid chain turned out to be very toxic towards human keratinocytes, while lipopeptides containing two fatty acid chains (decanoic and dodecanoic) demonstrated much lower cytotoxicity. For the most promising lipopeptide, (C10)2-KKKK-NH2, the measured IC50 on HaCaT keratinocytes was few times higher as compared to MICs obtained for the tested bacteria. Both groups of lipopeptides did not permeate the model membranes and therefore lack of permeation through human skin could be expected. The results of this work encourage further research on the potential application of lipopeptides with two fatty acids as novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Anna Dawgul
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ewa Greber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Baranska-Rybak
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wieslaw Sawicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
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Greber KE, Dawgul M, Kamysz W, Sawicki W. Cationic Net Charge and Counter Ion Type as Antimicrobial Activity Determinant Factors of Short Lipopeptides. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:123. [PMID: 28203232 PMCID: PMC5285354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To get a better insight into the antimicrobial potency of short cationic lipopeptides, 35 new entities were synthesized using solid phase peptide strategy. All newly obtained lipopeptides were designed to be positively charged from +1 to +4. This was achieved by introducing basic amino acid - lysine - into the lipopeptide structure and had a hydrophobic fatty acid chain attached. Lipopeptides were subjected to microbiological tests using reference strains of Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and fungi: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus brasiliensis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were established for each strain. The toxicity toward human cells was determined by hemolysis tests via minimum hemolytic concentration (MHC) determination. The effect of the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) counter ion on the antimicrobial activity of lipopeptides was also examined by its removing and performing the antimicrobial tests using counter ion-free compounds. The study shows that lipopeptides are more potent against Gram-positive than Gram-negative strains. It was revealed that positive charge equals at least +2 is a necessary condition to observe significant antimicrobial activity, but only when it is balanced with a proper length of hydrophobic fatty acid chain. The hemolytic activity of lipopeptides strongly depends on amino acid composition of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule as well as fatty acid chain length. Compounds endowed with a greater positive charge were more toxic to human erythrocytes. This should be considered during new lipopeptide molecules design. Our studies also revealed the TFA counter ion has no significant effect on the antimicrobial behavior of cationic lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna E Greber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Dawgul
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Sawicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacteria are less sensitive to antibiotics than free-living (planktonic) cells. Furthermore, with variations in the concentration of antibiotics throughout a biofilm, microbial cells are often exposed to levels below inhibitory concentrations and may develop resistance. This, as well as the irresponsible use of antibiotics, leads to the selection of pathogens that are difficult to eradicate. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention use the terms "antibiotic" and "antimicrobial agent" interchangeably. However, a clear distinction between these two terms is required for the purpose of this assessment. Therefore, we define "antibiotics" as pharmaceutically formulated and medically administered substances and "antimicrobials" as a broad category of substances which are not regulated as drugs. This comprehensive minireview evaluates the effect of natural antimicrobials on pathogens in biofilms when used instead of, or in combination with, commonly prescribed antibiotics.
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Maciejewska M, Bauer M, Neubauer D, Kamysz W, Dawgul M. Influence of Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptides and Short Lipopeptides on Bacterial Biofilms Formed on Contact Lenses. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9110873. [PMID: 28773992 PMCID: PMC5457276 DOI: 10.3390/ma9110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of contact lenses is associated with several complications, including ocular biofilm-related infections. They are very difficult to manage with standard antimicrobial therapies, because bacterial growth in a biofilm is associated with an increased antibiotic resistance. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in eradication of bacterial biofilms formed on commercially available contact lenses. AMPs were synthesized according to Fmoc/tBu chemistry using the solid-phase method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of the compounds were determined. Anti-biofilm activity of the antimicrobial peptides determined at different temperatures (25 °C and 37 °C) were compared with the effectiveness of commercially available contact lens solutions. All of the tested compounds exhibited stronger anti-biofilm properties as compared to those of the tested lens solutions. The strongest activity of AMPs was noticed against Gram-positive strains at a temperature of 25 °C. Conclusions: The results of our experiments encourage us toward further studies on AMPs and their potential application in the prophylaxis of contact lens-related eye infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-416, Poland.
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Avena SJ, Osielsko 86-031, Poland.
| | - Marta Bauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Dawgul
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-416, Poland.
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11
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Sikorska E, Dawgul M, Greber K, Iłowska E, Pogorzelska A, Kamysz W. Self-assembly and interactions of short antimicrobial cationic lipopeptides with membrane lipids: ITC, FTIR and molecular dynamics studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2625-34. [PMID: 24978107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the self-organization and the behavior of the surfactant-like peptides in the presence of biological membrane models were studied. The studies were focused on synthetic palmitic acid-containing lipopeptides, C16-KK-NH2 (I), C16-KGK-NH2 (II) and C16-KKKK-NH2 (III). The self-assembly was explored by molecular dynamics simulations using a coarse-grained force field. The critical micellar concentration was estimated by the surface tension measurements. The thermodynamics of the peptides binding to the anionic and zwitterionic lipids were established using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The influence of the peptides on the lipid acyl chain ordering was determined using FTIR spectroscopy. The compounds studied show surface-active properties with a distinct CMC over the millimolar range. An increase in the steric and electrostatic repulsion between polar head groups shifts the CMC toward higher values and reduces the aggregation number. An analysis of the peptide-membrane binding revealed a unique interplay between the initial electrostatic and the subsequent hydrophobic interactions enabling the lipopeptides to interact with the lipid bilayer. In the case of C16-KKKK-NH2 (III), compensation of the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions upon binding to the anionic membrane has been suggested and consequently no overall binding effects were noticed in ITC thermograms and FTIR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sikorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Dawgul
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Greber
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emilia Iłowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aneta Pogorzelska
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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12
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Activity of short lipopeptides and conventional antimicrobials against planktonic cells and biofilms formed by clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1541-51. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The therapy for staphylococcal skin diseases is facing several difficulties caused by the growth of biofilms and development of resistant strains. Short synthetic lipopeptides designed on the basis of antimicrobial peptide structure seem to provide an alternative to conventional therapy. The purpose of this study was to synthesize a group of lipopeptides and evaluate their antistaphylococcal activity against biofilms formed by clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The compounds exhibited a strong antibiofilm activity against all the isolates. The maturity of the biofilms has shown a well-defined influence on antimicrobial activity of conventional antimicrobials. Discussion: Results showed that the lipopeptides were promising agents as the time of the culture did not greatly affect their activity.
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Kamysz E, Simonetti O, Cirioni O, Arzeni D, Ganzetti G, Campanati A, Giacometti A, Gabrielli E, Silvestri C, Kamysz W, Offidani A, Barchiesi F. In vitro activity of the lipopeptide PAL-Lys-Lys-NH2, alone and in combination with antifungal agents, against clinical isolates of Candida spp. Peptides 2011; 32:99-103. [PMID: 21055432 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is known to be the organism most often associated with serious fungal infection, but other Candida spp. are emerging as clinical pathogens associated with opportunistic infections. Among antimycotic treatments, increasing attention is currently given to anti-infective drugs based upon naturally occurring peptides, such as the short lipopeptide palmitoyl PAL-Lys-Lys-NH2 (PAL). The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of this peptide compared to the traditional antifungal agents Fluconazole (FLU), amphotericin B (AMB) and caspofungin (CAS) on Candida spp. 24 clinical isolates of Candida spp. were tested against PAL, FLU, AMB and CAS using in vitro susceptibility tests, time killing and checkerboard assay. All of the drugs studied showed good activity against clinical isolates of candida; in particular CAS and AMB which have MICs value lower than PAL and FLU. Moreover we observed synergistic interactions for PAL/FLU (81.25%), PAL/AMB (75%) and particularly for PAL/CAS (87.5). We think that our results are interesting since synergy between PAL and CAS might be useful in clinic trails to treat invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk University of Gdańsk, Poland
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Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Ginalska G, Belcarz A, Uryniak A. Vascular prostheses with covalently bound gentamicin and amikacin reveal superior antibacterial properties than silver-impregnated ones--an in vitro study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2009; 38:697-706. [PMID: 19815431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the antibacterial activities of vascular prostheses: silver-impregnated and modified with covalently immobilised antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six types of protein-sealed vascular prostheses were modified with amikacin and gentamicin according to the method described in the Polish Patent Office. Their antimicrobial properties were estimated against 14 reference and clinical strains and compared with those of InterGard Silver grafts. Cytotoxicity of the tested grafts was estimated against human skin fibroblasts. RESULTS Prostheses modified with antibiotics in a stable covalent mode were found to be much more effective against bacterial growth and biofilm formation, as well as in case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), than InterGard Silver. They inhibited the bacterial growth for at least 30 days, without losing higher than 10% of the initial amount of its drug content. They were also good, non-toxic matrices for growth of human skin fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Prostheses modified with covalently immobilised antibiotic according to our technique are much more effective than InterGard Silver at protection against bacterial growth. They are also compatible with human skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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