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Wang J, Lu Z, Hu L, Zhong R, Xu C, Yang Y, Zeng R, Song Y, Sun Z. High nitrogen application in maize enhances insecticide tolerance of the polyphagous herbivore Spodoptera litura by induction of detoxification enzymes and intensification of cuticle. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106002. [PMID: 39084798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most intensively used fertilizers in cropping system and could exert a variety of bottom-up effects on the ecological fitness of herbivores. However, the effects of increased N inputs on insect pesticide tolerance have not been comprehensively understood. Bioassays showed that high N (HN) applied to maize plants significantly increased larval tolerance of Spodoptera litura to multiple insecticides. Activities of detoxification enzymes were significantly higher in the larvae fed on maize plants supplied with HN. RNA-seq analysis showed that numerous GST and cuticle-related genes were induced in the larvae fed on HN maize. RT-qPCR analysis further confirmed four GST genes and larval-specific cuticle gene LCP167. Furthermore, when injected with dsRNA specific to GSTe1, GSTs5, and LCP167, the mortality of larvae treated with methomyl was about 3-fold higher than that of dsGFP-injected larvae. Electron microscope observation showed that cuticle of the larvae fed on HN maize was thicker than the medium level of N. These findings suggest that increased application of N fertilizer enhances insecticide tolerance of lepidopteran pests via induction of detoxification enzymes and intensification of cuticle. Thus, overuse of N fertilizer may increase pest insecticide tolerance and usage of chemical insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhihui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Runbin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cuicui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yurui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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Fan J, Jiang S, Zhang T, Gao H, Chang BH, Qiao X, Han P. Sgabd-2 plays specific role in immune response against biopesticide Metarhizium anisopliae in Aphis citricola. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106003. [PMID: 39084799 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Metarhizium anisopliae is an effective biopesticide for controlling Aphis citricola, which has developed resistance to many chemical pesticides. However, the powerful immune system of A. citricola has limited the insecticidal efficacy of M. anisopliae. The co-evolution between insects and entomogenous fungi has led to emergence of new antifungal immune genes, which remain incompletely understood. In this study, an important immune gene Sgabd-2 was identified from A. citricola through transcriptome analysis. Sgabd-2 gene showed high expression in the 4th instar nymph and adult stages, and was mainly distributed in the abdominal region of A. citricola. The recombinant protein (rSgabd-2) exhibited no antifungal activity but demonstrated clear agglutination activity towards the conidia of M. anisopliae. RNA interference of Sgabd-2 by dsRNA feeding resulted in decreased phenoloxidase (PO) activity and weakened defense for A. citricola against M. anisopliae. Simultaneous silence of GNBP-1 and Sgabd-2 effectively reduced the immunity of A. citricola against M. anisopliae more than the individual RNAi of GNBP-1 or Sgabd-2. Furthermore, a genetically engineered M. anisopliae expressing double-stranded RNA (dsSgabd-2) targeting Sgabd-2 in A. citricola successfully suppressed the expression of Sgabd-2 and demonstrated increased virulence against A. citricola. Our findings elucidated Sgabd-2 as a critical new antifungal immune gene and proposed a genetic engineering strategy to enhance the insecticidal virulence of entomogenous fungi through RNAi-mediated inhibition of pest immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiao Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China
| | - Shirong Jiang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China
| | - Huiyan Gao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China
| | - Babar Hussain Chang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China
| | - Xiongwu Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Pengfei Han
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticide, 030006, China.
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Hou QL, Zhu JN, Fang M, Chen EH. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides comprehensive insight into the molecular mechanisms of heat adaption in Plutella xylostella. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101300. [PMID: 39084150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Plutella xylostella is one of the most destructive pests for cruciferous vegetables, and is adaptability to different environmental stressors. However, we still know little about the molecular mechanisms of how P. xylostella adapt to thermal stress. Here, the comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted from the samples of control (27 °C, CK) and heat treatment (40 °C, 40 T) P. xylostella. The results showed 1253 genes were differentially expressed, with 624 and 629 genes up- and down-regulated respectively. The annotation analysis demonstrated that "Energy production and conversion", "Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum", "Peroxisome" and "Tyrosine metabolism" pathways were significantly enriched. Additionally, we found the expression levels of heat shock protein genes (Hsps), cuticle related genes and mitochondrial genes were significantly up-regulated in 40 T insects, suggesting their vital roles in improving adaption to heat stress. Importantly, the SOD activity and MDA content of P. xylostella were both identified to be increased under high temperature stress, indicating the elevated antioxidant reactions might be involved in response to heat stress. In conclusion, the present study offered us an overview of gene expression changes after 40 °C treatments, and found some critical pathways and genes of P. xylostella might play the critical roles in resisting heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Li Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Jia-Ni Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Mei Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Er-Hu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Yuan CY, Gao YF, Liu Y, Fan JY, Yuan YZ, Yi L, Jing TX, Dou W, Wang JJ. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus influences the emergence of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri by regulating key cuticular proteins. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38881212 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is the primary vector of the HLB pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). The acquisition of CLas shortens the developmental period of nymphs, accelerating the emergence into adulthood and thereby facilitating the spread of CLas. Cuticular proteins (CPs) are involved in insect emergence. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying CLas-promoted emergence in D. citri via CP mediation. Here, a total of 159 CP genes were first identified in the D. citri genome. Chromosomal location analysis revealed an uneven distribution of these CP genes across the 13 D. citri chromosomes. Proteomic analysis identified 54 differentially expressed CPs during D. citri emergence, with 14 CPs exhibiting significant differential expression after CLas acquisition. Five key genes, Dc18aa-1, Dc18aa-2, DcCPR-24, DcCPR-38 and DcCPR-58, were screened from the proteome and CLas acquisition. The silencing of these 5 genes through a modified feeding method significantly reduced the emergence rate and caused various abnormal phenotypes, indicating the crucial role that these genes play in D. citri emergence. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the role of CPs in D. citri and reveals that CLas can influence the emergence process of D. citri by regulating the expression of CPs. These key CPs may serve as potential targets for future research on controlling huanglongbing (HLB) transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Yao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Zhe Yuan
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Yi
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tian-Xing Jing
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Liao M, Cao H, Gao Q. Functional analysis of three odorant receptors in Plutella xylostella response to repellent activity of 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105856. [PMID: 38685238 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Plutella xylostella is an important pest showing resistance to various chemical pesticides, development of botanical pesticides is an effective strategy to resolve above problem and decrease utilization of chemical pesticides. Previous study showed that 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine has significant repellent activity to P. xylostella adult which mainly effect to the olfactory system, however the molecular targets and mechanism are still unclear. Based on the RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR data, eight ORs (Odorant receptor) in P. xylostella were selected as candidate targets response to repellent activity of 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine. Here, most of the ORs in P. xylostella were clustered into three branches, which showed similar functions such as recognition, feeding, and oviposition. PxylOR29, PxylOR31, and PxylOR46 were identified as the potential molecular targets based on the results of repellent activity and EAG response tests to the adults which have been injected with dsRNA, respectively. Additionally, the three ORs were higher expressed in antenna of P. xylostella, followed by those in the head segment. Furthermore, it was found that the bindings between these three ORs and 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine mainly depend on the hydrophobic effect of active cavities, and the binding to PxylOR31 was more stabler and easier with an energy of -16.34 kcal/mol, together with the π-π T-shaped interaction at PHE195 site. These findings pave the way for the complete understanding of pyrazine repellent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Wu S, Tong X, Peng C, Luo J, Zhang C, Lu K, Li C, Ding X, Duan X, Lu Y, Hu H, Tan D, Dai F. The BTB-ZF gene Bm-mamo regulates pigmentation in silkworm caterpillars. eLife 2024; 12:RP90795. [PMID: 38587455 PMCID: PMC11001300 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The color pattern of insects is one of the most diverse adaptive evolutionary phenotypes. However, the molecular regulation of this color pattern is not fully understood. In this study, we found that the transcription factor Bm-mamo is responsible for black dilute (bd) allele mutations in the silkworm. Bm-mamo belongs to the BTB zinc finger family and is orthologous to mamo in Drosophila melanogaster. This gene has a conserved function in gamete production in Drosophila and silkworms and has evolved a pleiotropic function in the regulation of color patterns in caterpillars. Using RNAi and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology, we showed that Bm-mamo is a repressor of dark melanin patterns in the larval epidermis. Using in vitro binding assays and gene expression profiling in wild-type and mutant larvae, we also showed that Bm-mamo likely regulates the expression of related pigment synthesis and cuticular protein genes in a coordinated manner to mediate its role in color pattern formation. This mechanism is consistent with the dual role of this transcription factor in regulating both the structure and shape of the cuticle and the pigments that are embedded within it. This study provides new insight into the regulation of color patterns as well as into the construction of more complex epidermal features in some insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chenxing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiangwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yaru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Duan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
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Zheng Y, Feng Y, Li Z, Wang J. Genome-wide identification of cuticle protein superfamily in Frankliniella occidentalis provide insight into the control of both insect vectors and plant virus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22102. [PMID: 38500452 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The structural cuticle proteins (CPs) play important roles in the development and fitness of insects. However, knowledge about CP gene superfamily is limited in virus-transmitting insect vectors, although its importance on transmission of plant virus has been gradually emphasized. In this study, the genome-wide identification of CP superfamily was conducted in western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis that is the globally invasive pest and plant virus vector pest. The pest transmits notorious tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) around the world, causing large damage to a wide array of plants. One hundred and twenty-eight F. occidentalis CP genes (FoCPs) were annotated in this study and they were classified into 10 distinct families, including 68 CPRs, 16 CPAP1s, 6 CPAP3s, 2 CPCFCs, 10 Tweedles, 4 CPFs, 16 CPLCPs, and 6 CPGs. The comprehensive analysis was performed including phylogenetic relationship, gene location and gene expression profiles during different development stages of F. occidentalis. Transcriptome analysis revealed more than 30% FoCPs were upregulated at least 1.5-fold when F. occidentalis was infected by TSWV, indicating their potential involvement in TSWV interactions. Our study provided an overview of F. occidentalis CP superfamily. The study gave a better understand of CP's role in development and virus transmission, which provided clues for reducing viral damages through silencing CP genes in insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhejin Li
- College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, HongHe University, Mengzi, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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8
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Cai T, Wang X, Liu B, Zhao H, Liu C, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Gao H, Schal C, Zhang F. A cuticular protein, BgCPLCP1, contributes to insecticide resistance by thickening the cockroach endocuticle. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127642. [PMID: 37898258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of insecticides has led to severe environmental problems. Insect cuticle, which consists mainly of chitin, proteins and a thin outer lipid layer, serves multiple functions. Its prominent role is as a physical barrier that impedes the penetration of xenobiotics, including insecticides. Blattella germanica (L.) is a major worldwide indoor pest that causes allergic disease and asthma. Extensive use of pyrethroid insecticides, including β-cypermethrin, has selected for the rapid and independent evolution of resistance in cockroach populations on a global scale. We demonstrated that BgCPLCP1, the first CPLCP (cuticular proteins of low complexity with a highly repetitive proline-rich region) family cuticular protein in order Blattodea, contributes to insecticide penetration resistance. Silencing BgCPLCP1 resulted in 85.0 %-85.7 % and 81.0 %-82.0 % thinner cuticle (and especially thinner endocuticle) in the insecticide-susceptible (S) and β-cypermethrin-resistant (R) strains, respectively. The thinner and more permeable cuticles resulted in 14.4 % and 20.0 % lower survival of β-cypermethrin-treated S- and R-strain cockroaches, respectively. This study advances our understanding of cuticular penetration resistance in insects and opens opportunities for the development of new efficiently and environmentally friendly insecticides targeting the CPLCP family of cuticular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Cai
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Haizheng Zhao
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiancui Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Tang PA, Hu HY, Du WW, Jian FJ, Chen EH. Identification of cuticular protein genes and analysis of their roles in phosphine resistance of the rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105491. [PMID: 37532352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) is one of the most economically important stored grain pests, and it has evolved the high resistance to phosphine. Cuticular proteins (CPs) are the major structural components of insect cuticle, and previous studies have confirmed that CPs were involved in insecticide resistance. However, the CPs of C. ferrugineus are still poorly characterized, and thus we conducted transcriptome-wide identification of CP genes and analyze their possible relationships with phosphine resistance in this pest. In this study, a total of 122 putative CPs were annotated in the C. ferrugineus transcriptome data by blasting with the known CPs of Tribolium castaneum. The analysis of conserved motifs revealed these CPs of C. ferrugineus belonging to 9 different families, including 87 CPR, 13 CPAP1, 7 CPAP3, 3 Tweedle, 1 CPLCA, 1 CPLCG, 5 CPLCP, 2 CPCFC, and 3 CPFL proteins. The further phylogenetic analysis showed the different evolutionary patterns of CPs. Namely, we found some CPs (CPR family) formed species-specific protein clusters, indicating these CPs might occur independently among insect taxa, and while some other CPs (CPAP1 and CPAP3 family) shared a closer correlation based on the architecture of protein domains. Subsequently, the previous RNA-seq data were applied to establish the expression profiles of CPs in a phosphine susceptible and resistant populations of C. ferrugineus, and a large amount of CP genes were found to be over-expressed in resistant insects. Lastly, an up-regulated CP gene (CPR family) was selected for the further functional analysis, and after this gene was silenced via RNA interference (RNAi), the sensitivity to phosphine was significantly enhanced in C. ferrugineus. In conclusion, the present results provided us an overview of C. ferrugineus CPs, and which suggested that the CPs might play the critical roles in phosphine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-An Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Huai-Yue Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wen-Wei Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Fu-Ji Jian
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Er-Hu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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10
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Jeyachandran S, Chellapandian H, Park K, Kwak IS. A Review on the Involvement of Heat Shock Proteins (Extrinsic Chaperones) in Response to Stress Conditions in Aquatic Organisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1444. [PMID: 37507982 PMCID: PMC10376781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) encompass both extrinsic chaperones and stress proteins. These proteins, with molecular weights ranging from 14 to 120 kDa, are conserved across all living organisms and are expressed in response to stress. The upregulation of specific genes triggers the synthesis of HSPs, facilitated by the interaction between heat shock factors and gene promoter regions. Notably, HSPs function as chaperones or helper molecules in various cellular processes involving lipids and proteins, and their upregulation is not limited to heat-induced stress but also occurs in response to anoxia, acidosis, hypoxia, toxins, ischemia, protein breakdown, and microbial infection. HSPs play a vital role in regulating protein synthesis in cells. They assist in the folding and assembly of other cellular proteins, primarily through HSP families such as HSP70 and HSP90. Additionally, the process of the folding, translocation, and aggregation of proteins is governed by the dynamic partitioning facilitated by HSPs throughout the cell. Beyond their involvement in protein metabolism, HSPs also exert a significant influence on apoptosis, the immune system, and various characteristics of inflammation. The immunity of aquatic organisms, including shrimp, fish, and shellfish, relies heavily on the development of inflammation, as well as non-specific and specific immune responses to viral and bacterial infections. Recent advancements in aquatic research have demonstrated that the HSP levels in populations of fish, shrimp, and shellfish can be increased through non-traumatic means such as water or oral administration of HSP stimulants, exogenous HSPs, and heat induction. These methods have proven useful in reducing physical stress and trauma, while also facilitating sustainable husbandry practices such as vaccination and transportation, thereby offering health benefits. Hence, the present review discusses the importance of HSPs in different tissues in aquatic organisms (fish, shrimp), and their expression levels during pathogen invasion; this gives new insights into the significance of HSPs in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hethesh Chellapandian
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
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11
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Li F, Xing G, Li Y, Chen P, Hu Q, Chen M, Li Y, Cao H, Huang Y. Expressions and functions of RR-1 cuticular protein genes in the integument of Mythimna separata. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:963-972. [PMID: 36964708 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the most outer layer between itself and the environment, integuments are necessary for insects with various important functions. Cuticular proteins (CPs) are the main components in integuments, while the functions of CP genes remain unknown in Mythimna separata (Walker), which is a devastating agricultural pest. In this study, 79 CP genes were identified from the transcriptomes of larval integuments, 57 of which were from the family containing conserved Rebers & Riddiford (R&R) consensus (CPR family). Amongst these CPRs, 44 genes belonged to the subfamily with RR-1 motif (RR-1 genes) and clustered into three clades, with the top 15 most abundant RR-1 genes identified based on fragments per kilobase per million mapped fragments (FPKM) values. RT-qPCR analysis showed that most of RR-1 genes such as MsCPR1-4 were highly expressed at larval stages and in their integuments. The expression levels of RR-1 genes were generally decreased at the beginning but increased at the late stage of molting process. RNAi was applied for six RR-1 genes, and MsCPR1-4 were knocked down significantly. Silence of MsCPR2 resulted in abnormal integument formed after molting, while knockdown of MsCPR3 and MsCPR4 led to failure of molting, respectively. No phenotype was obtained for the RNAi of MsCPR1. Therefore, the expression of RR-1 genes and their functions were analyzed in the development of integuments in M. separata, providing new insights of RR-1 genes and potential targets for the development of growth regulators and new insecticides for M. separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Gaoliang Xing
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Qin Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yiyu Li
- Institute of New Rural Development, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
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12
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Zheng Y, Liu C, Wang S, Qian K, Feng Y, Yu F, Wang J. Genome-wide analysis of cuticle protein family genes in rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis: Insights into their role in environmental adaptation and insecticidal stress response. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124989. [PMID: 37244330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Insect cuticle plays a key role in insect survival, adaptation and prosperity by serving as the exoskeleton and the first barrier against environmental stresses. As the major components of insect cuticle, the diverse structural cuticle proteins (CPs) contribute to variation in physical properties and functions of cuticle. However, the roles of CPs in cuticular versatility, especially in the stress response or adaption, remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of CP superfamily in the rice-boring pest Chilo suppressalis. A total of 211 CP genes were identified and their encoding proteins were classified into eleven families and three subfamilies (RR1, RR2, and RR3). The comparative genomic analysis of CPs revealed that C. suppressalis had fewer CP genes compared to other lepidopteran species, which largely resulted from a less expansion of his-rich RR2 genes involved in cuticular sclerotization, suggesting long-term boring life of C. suppressalis inside rice hosts might evolutionarily prefer cuticular elasticity rather than cuticular sclerotization. We also investigated the response pattern of all CP genes under insecticidal stresses. >50 % CsCPs were upregulated at least 2-fold under insecticidal stresses. Notably, the majority of the highly upregulated CsCPs formed gene pairs or gene clusters on chromosomes, indicating the rapid response of adjacent CsCPs to insecticidal stress. Most high-response CsCPs encoded AAPA/V/L motifs that are related to cuticular elasticity and >50 % of the sclerotization-related his-rich RR2 genes were also upregulated. These results suggested the potential roles of CsCPs in balancing the elasticity and sclerotization of cuticles, which is essential for the survival and adaptation of plant borers including C. suppressalis. Our study provides valuable information for further developing cuticle-based strategies of both pest management and biomimetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Changpeng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Yu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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13
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Fu X, Chen M, Xia R, Li X, Li Q, Li Y, Cao H, Liu Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptome-Based Expression Profile of Cuticular Protein Genes in Antheraea pernyi. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6991. [PMID: 37108155 PMCID: PMC10138643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antheraea pernyi is one of the most famous edible and silk-producing wild silkworms of Saturniidae. Structural cuticular proteins (CPs) are the primary component of insect cuticle. In this paper, the CPs in the genome of A. pernyi were identified and compared with those of the lepidopteran model species Bombyx mori, and expression patterns were analyzed based on the transcriptomic data from the larval epidermis/integument (epidermis in the following) and some non-epidermis tissues/organs of two silkworm species. A total of 217 CPs was identified in the A. pernyi genome, a comparable number to B. mori (236 CPs), with CPLCP and CPG families being the main contribution to the number difference between two silkworm species. We found more RR-2 genes expressed in the larval epidermis of fifth instar of A. pernyi than B. mori, but less RR-2 genes expressed in the prothoracic gland of A. pernyi than B. mori, which suggests that the hardness difference in the larval epidermis and prothoracic gland between the two species may be caused by the number of RR-2 genes expressed. We also revealed that, in B. mori, the number of CP genes expressed in the corpus allatum and prothoracic gland of fifth instar was higher than that in the larval epidermis. Our work provided an overall framework for functional research into the CP genes of Saturniidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Research Group of Silkworm Breeding, Sericultural Institute of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 108 Fengshan Road, Fengcheng 118100, China
| | - Runxi Xia
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qun Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuping Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Huiying Cao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
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14
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He C, Liang J, Yang J, Xue H, Huang M, Fu B, Wei X, Liu S, Du T, Ji Y, Yin C, Gong P, Hu J, Du H, Zhang R, Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Zhou X, Yang X, Zhang Y. Over-expression of CP9 and CP83 increases whitefly cell cuticle thickness leading to imidacloprid resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123647. [PMID: 36780959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular proteins (CPs) play an important role in protecting insects from adverse environmental conditions, like neonicotinoid insecticides, which are heavily used for numerous pests and caused environmental problems and public health concerns worldwide. However, the relationship between CPs and insecticides resistance in Bemisia tabaci, a serious and developed high insecticide resistance, is lacking. In this study, 125 CPs genes were identified in B. tabaci. Further phylogenetic tree showed the RR-2-type genes formed large gene groups in B. tabaci. Transcriptional expression levels of CPs genes at different developmental stages revealed that some CPs genes may play a specific role in insect development. The TEM results indicated that the cuticle thickness of susceptible strain was thinner than imidacloprid-resistance strain. Furthermore, 16 CPs genes (5 in RR-1 subfamily, 7 in RR-2 subfamily, 3 in CPAP3 subfamily and 1 in CPCFC subfamily) were activated in response to imidacloprid. And RNAi results indicated that CP9 and CP83 involved in imidacloprid resistance. In conclusion, this study was the first time to establish a basic information framework and evolutionary relationship between CPs and imidacloprid resistance in B. tabaci, which provides a basis for proposing integrated pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinjin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingjiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Buli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuegao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaonan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peipan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - JinYu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - He Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA.
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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15
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CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Insect Pest Stress Management in Crop Plants. STRESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses2040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global crop yield and food security are being threatened by phytophagous insects. Innovative methods are required to increase agricultural output while reducing reliance on hazardous synthetic insecticides. Using the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas technology to develop insect-resistant plants appears to be highly efficient at lowering production costs and increasing farm profitability. The genomes of both a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, and major phytophagous insect genera, viz. Spodoptera, Helicoverpa, Nilaparvata, Locusta, Tribolium, Agrotis, etc., were successfully edited by the CRISPR-Cas toolkits. This new method, however, has the ability to alter an insect’s DNA in order to either induce a gene drive or overcome an insect’s tolerance to certain insecticides. The rapid progress in the methodologies of CRISPR technology and their diverse applications show a high promise in the development of insect-resistant plant varieties or other strategies for the sustainable management of insect pests to ensure food security. This paper reviewed and critically discussed the use of CRISPR-Cas genome-editing technology in long-term insect pest management. The emphasis of this review was on the prospective uses of the CRISPR-Cas system for insect stress management in crop production through the creation of genome-edited crop plants or insects. The potential and the difficulties of using CRISPR-Cas technology to reduce pest stress in crop plants were critically examined and discussed.
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16
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Hou Q, Zhang H, Zhu J, Liu F. Transcriptome Analysis to Identify Responsive Genes under Sublethal Concentration of Bifenazate in the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113173. [PMID: 36361960 PMCID: PMC9656211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifenazate is a novel acaricide that has been widely used to control spider mites. Interestingly, we found bifenazate had a biological activity against the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), one of the most economically important pests on crucifer crops around the world. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of P. xylostella to bifenazate treatment are not clear. In this study, we first estimated the LC30 dose of bifenazate for third-instar P. xylostella larvae. Then, in order to identify genes that respond to the treatment of this insecticide, the comparative transcriptome profiles were used to analyze the gene expression changes in P. xylostella larvae after exposure to LC30 of bifenazate. In total, 757 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between bifenazate-treated and control P. xylostella larvae were identified, in which 526 and 231 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. The further Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the xenobiotics metabolisms pathway was significantly enriched, with ten detoxifying enzyme genes (four P450s, five glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and one UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)) were up-regulated, and their expression patterns were validated by qRT-PCR as well. Interestingly, the present results showed that 17 cuticular protein (CP) genes were also remarkably up-regulated, including 15 CPR family genes. Additionally, the oxidative phosphorylation pathway was found to be activated with eight mitochondrial genes up-regulated in bifenazate-treated larvae. In contrast, we found some genes that were involved in tyrosine metabolism and purine pathways were down-regulated, indicating these two pathways of bifenazate-exposed larvae were significantly inhibited. In conclusion, the present study would help us to better understand the molecular mechanisms of sublethal doses of bifenazate detoxification and action in P. xylostella.
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17
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Chi S, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li H, Gu S, Ren Y. A chromosome-level genome of Semiothisa cinerearia provides insights into its genome evolution and control. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:718. [PMID: 36271350 PMCID: PMC9585740 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semiothisa cinerearia belongs to Geometridae, which is one of the most species-rich families of lepidopteran insects. It is also one of the most economically significant pests of the Chinese scholar tree (Sophora japonica L.), which is an important urban greenbelt trees in China due to its high ornamental value. A genome assembly of S. cinerearia would facilitate study of the control and evolution of this species. RESULTS We present a reference genome for S. cinerearia; the size of the genome was ~ 580.89 Mb, and it contained 31 chromosomes. Approximately 43.52% of the sequences in the genome were repeat sequences, and 21,377 protein-coding genes were predicted. Some important gene families involved in the detoxification of pesticides (P450) have expanded in S. cinerearia. Cytochrome P450 gene family members play key roles in mediating relationships between plants and insects, and they are important in plant secondary metabolite detoxification and host-plant selection. Using comparative analysis methods, we find positively selected gene, Sox15 and TipE, which may play important roles during the larval-pupal metamorphosis development of S. cinerearia. CONCLUSION This assembly provides a new genomic resource that will aid future comparative genomic studies of Geometridae species and facilitate future evolutionary studies on the S. cinerearia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi Chi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Yanchun Wang
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Haorong Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Songdong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yandong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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18
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Tan S, Li G, Guo H, Li H, Tian M, Liu Q, Wang Y, Xu B, Guo X. Identification of the cuticle protein AccCPR2 gene in Apis cerana cerana and its response to environmental stress. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:634-646. [PMID: 35619242 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular proteins (CPs) are known to play important roles in insect development and defence responses. The loss of CP genes can lead to changes in insect morphology and sensitivity to the external environment. In this study, we identified the AccCPR2 gene, which belongs to the CPR family (including the R&R consensus motif) of CPs, and explored its function in the response of Apis cerana cerana to adverse external stresses. Our results demonstrated that AccCPR2 was highly expressed in the late pupal stage and epidermis, and the expression of AccCPR2 may be induced or inhibited under different stressors. RNA interference experiments showed that knockdown of AccCPR2 reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, led to the accumulation of oxidative damage and suppressed the expression of several antioxidant genes. In addition, knockdown of AccCPR2 also reduced the pesticide resistance of A. cerana cerana. The overexpression of AccCPR2 in a prokaryotic system further confirmed its role in resistance to various stresses. In summary, AccCPR2 may play pivotal roles in the normal development and environmental stress response of A. cerana cerana. This study also enriched the theoretical knowledge of the resistance biology of bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Guilin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P. R. China
| | - Hengjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
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Li M, Li RR, Zhao CJ, Lei T, Wang GB, Hu YH. Transcriptome analysis of Mythimna separata: De novo assembly and detection of genes related to beta-cypermethrin resistance. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21921. [PMID: 35635368 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) is a devastating pest of cereal crops mainly in Asia and Oceania and recently become resistant to beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP). However, molecular biological studies of its response to beta-CP are scarce, and related genomic information is not available. In this study, we sequenced and de novo assembled the transcriptome of beta-CP susceptible M. separata (MsS-whole, abbr. MsS-W). A total of 30,486 unigenes were obtained, with an N50 length of 506 bp. A number of 21,051 unigenes were matched to public databases, of which 10,107 were classified into 59 gene ontology subcategories, 5792 were assigned into 25 clusters of orthologous groups of proteins subgroups and 12,123 were assigned to 257 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. A total of 729 simple sequence repeats were detected. In addition, a total of 323 cytochrome P450-associated sequences from nine lepidopterous species, of which 130 were from M. separata, were analyzed using the maximum likelihood method and Bayesian inference. Among the 130 cytochrome P450-associated sequences from M. separata, 60 were dropped into CYP3 clan, which is associated with metabolizing xenobiotics and plant natural compounds. Furthermore, the beta-CP susceptible (MsS-2) and resistant (MsR-2) M. separata population transcriptomes were sequenced. Certain critical genes involved in beta-CP detoxification were detected and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Collectively, our results provided a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanism of insecticide resistance in M. separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen-Jing Zhao
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Guo-Bin Wang
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Hua Hu
- Institute of Entomology, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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