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Zhang Y, Ni Y, An H, Li L, Ren Y. Multidimensional plasma lipid composition and its causal association with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2075-2084. [PMID: 38866614 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recent research extends our knowledge of plasma lipid species, building on established links between serum lipid levels and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk. Identifying the causal roles of these lipid species is key to improving T2DM risk assessment. METHODS AND RESULTS This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between 179 lipid species across 13 lipid categories and T2DM. Summary-level data were sourced from genome-wide association studies. The primary analytical methods included the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach and the Wald ratio, complemented by a series of sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of results. The IVW analysis reveals a significant causal association between elevated levels of ceramide (d40:2) (OR = 1.071, 95% CI 1.034-1.109, P = 1.36 × 10-4), sphingomyelin (d38:1) (OR = 1.052, 95% CI 1.028-1.077, P = 1.80 × 10-5), and triacylglycerol (56:8) (OR = 1.174, 95% CI 1.108-1.243, P = 4.65 × 10-8), and an increased risk of T2DM. Conversely, Wald ratio analysis indicates that higher levels of phosphatidylcholine (O-16:1_16:0) (OR = 0.928, 95% CI 0.892-0.966, P = 2.37 × 10-4), phosphatidylcholine (O-16:1_20:4) (OR = 0.932, 95% CI 0.897-0.967, P = 2.37 × 10-4), and phosphatidylcholine (O-18:2_20:4) (OR = 0.872, 95% CI 0.812-0.935, P = 1.24 × 10-4) are significantly associated with a reduced risk of T2DM. Furthermore, suggestive causal evidence for 22 additional lipid species was identified. CONCLUSIONS This MR study establishes a causal relationship between specific lipid classes in modulating the risk of T2DM. It offers new insights for risk assessment and potential therapeutic targets in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China; Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yao Ni
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui An
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yanrui Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China.
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Xing Z, Chen H, Alman AC. Discriminating insulin resistance in middle-aged nondiabetic women using machine learning approaches. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:667-687. [PMID: 39027391 PMCID: PMC11252584 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We employed machine learning algorithms to discriminate insulin resistance (IR) in middle-aged nondiabetic women. Methods The data was from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018). The study subjects were 2084 nondiabetic women aged 45-64. The analysis included 48 predictors. We randomly divided the data into training (n = 1667) and testing (n = 417) datasets. Four machine learning techniques were employed to discriminate IR: extreme gradient boosting (XGBoosting), random forest (RF), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and decision tree (DT). The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score were compared as performance metrics to select the optimal technique. Results The XGBoosting algorithm achieved a relatively high AUC of 0.93 in the training dataset and 0.86 in the testing dataset to discriminate IR using 48 predictors and was followed by the RF, GBM, and DT models. After selecting the top five predictors to build models, the XGBoost algorithm with the AUC of 0.90 (training dataset) and 0.86 (testing dataset) remained the optimal prediction model. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values revealed the associations between the five predictors and IR, namely BMI (strongly positive impact on IR), fasting glucose (strongly positive), HDL-C (medium negative), triglycerides (medium positive), and glycohemoglobin (medium positive). The threshold values for identifying IR were 29 kg/m2, 100 mg/dL, 54.5 mg/dL, 89 mg/dL, and 5.6% for BMI, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides, and glycohemoglobin, respectively. Conclusion The XGBoosting algorithm demonstrated superior performance metrics for discriminating IR in middle-aged nondiabetic women, with BMI, glucose, HDL-C, glycohemoglobin, and triglycerides as the top five predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailing Xing
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 56, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Chi Y, Zhu L, Wang Y, Peng C, Lin Y, Ji S, Wei J. Long-term Bisphenol S exposure induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, intestinal lesions and dyslipidemia in mice. Toxicology 2024; 504:153798. [PMID: 38588857 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is a commonly detected chemical raw material in water, which poses significant threats to both the ecological environment and human health. Despite being recognized as a typical endocrine disruptor and a substitute for Bisphenol A, the toxicological effects of BPS remain nonnegligible. In order to comprehensively understand the health impacts of BPS, a long-term (154 days) exposure experiment was conducted on mice, during which the physiological indicators of the liver, intestine, and blood were observed. The findings revealed that exposure to BPS resulted in dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, intestinal lesions, and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, there exists a significant correlation between gut microbiota and indicators of host health. Consequently, the identification of specific gut microbiota can be considered as potential biomarkers for the evaluation of risk associated with BPS. This study will effectively address the deficiency in toxicological data pertaining to BPS. The novel BPS data obtained from this research can serve as a valuable reference for professionals in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulang Chi
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Cai Peng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shouping Ji
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Li X, Yang JY, Hu WZ, Ruan Y, Chen HY, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Ding ZS. Mitochondria-associated membranes contribution to exercise-mediated alleviation of hepatic insulin resistance: Contrasting high-intensity interval training with moderate-intensity continuous training in a high-fat diet mouse model. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13540. [PMID: 38599845 PMCID: PMC11006604 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) serve pivotal functions in hepatic insulin resistance (IR). Our aim was to explore the potential role of MAMs in mitigating hepatic IR through exercise and to compare the effects of different intensities of exercise on hepatic MAMs formation in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD and randomly assigned to undergo supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). IR was evaluated using the serum triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), glucose tolerance test (GTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT). Hepatic steatosis was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and oil red O staining. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (PI3K-AKT-GSK3β) signaling pathway was assessed to determine hepatic IR. MAMs were evaluated through immunofluorescence (colocalization of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 [VDAC1] and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor [IP3R]). RESULTS After 8 weeks on an HFD, there was notable inhibition of the hepatic PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway, accompanied by a marked reduction in hepatic IP3R-VDAC1 colocalization levels. Both 8-week HIIT and MICT significantly enhanced the hepatic PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling and colocalization levels of IP3R-VDAC1 in HFD mice, with MICT exhibiting a stronger effect on hepatic MAMs formation. Furthermore, the colocalization of hepatic IP3R-VDAC1 positively correlated with the expression levels of phosphorylation of protein kinase B (p-AKT) and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (p-GSK3β), while displaying a negative correlation with serum triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION The reduction in hepatic MAMs formation induced by HFD correlates with the development of hepatic IR. Both HIIT and MICT effectively bolster hepatic MAMs formation in HFD mice, with MICT demonstrating superior efficacy. Thus, MAMs might wield a pivotal role in exercise-induced alleviation of hepatic IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Physical Education & HealthEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Physical Education & HealthEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wen Zhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Physical Education & HealthEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - YuXin Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Physical Education & HealthEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Physical Education & HealthEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Physical Education & HealthEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Physical Education & HealthEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhe Shu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Physical Education & HealthEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
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Hernández-Martín M, Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, López-Oliva ME, Bocanegra A, Redondo-Castillejo R, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Silicon-enriched meat positively improves plasma lipidaemia and lipoproteinaemia, LDLr, and insulin capability and the signalling pathway induced by an atherogenic diet in late-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Food Funct 2024; 15:1513-1526. [PMID: 38229530 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The impact of silicon as a functional ingredient in restructured meat (RM) on lipoprotein composition, metabolism, and oxidation on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) markers has never been studied. This study aims to evaluate the effect of silicon-enriched-meat consumption on lipidaemia, lipoprotein profile and metabolism, plasma arylesterase, and TBARS and their relationships with glycaemia, insulinaemia, and insulin-signaling markers in late-stage-T2DM rats fed a high-saturated-fat-high-cholesterol (HSFHC) diet. Saturated-fat diets with or without added cholesterol were formulated by mixing a 70% purified diet with 30% freeze-dried RM with or without added silicon. Three groups of seven Wistar rats each were tested. The ED group received the control RM in the framework of a high-saturated-fat diet as early-stage T2DM control. The other two groups received streptozotocin-nicotinamide administration together with the HSFHC diet containing the control RM (LD) or silicon-enriched RM (LD-Si). Scores were created to define the diabetic trend and dyslipidaemia. The ED rats showed hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and triglyceride-rich-VLDLs, suggesting they were in early-stage T2DM. LD rats presented hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinaemia, and reduced HOMA-beta and insulin signaling markers typical of late-stage T2DM along with hypercholesterolaemia and high amounts of beta-VLDL, IDL, and LDL particles and low arylesterase activity. All these markers were significantly (p < 0.05) improved in LD-Si rats. The diabetic trend and diabetes dyslipidaemia scores showed a high and significant correlation (r = 0.595, p < 0.01). Silicon-enriched-meat consumption counterbalances the negative effects of HSFHC diets, functioning as an active hypolipemic, antioxidant, and antidiabetic dietary ingredient in a T2DM rat model, delaying the onset of late-stage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yang YY, Qi JJ, Jiang SY, Ye L. Esculin ameliorates obesity-induced insulin resistance by improving adipose tissue remodeling and activating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117251. [PMID: 37778516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cortex fraxini (also known as qinpi)-the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance (Oleaceae)-is widely used as a Chinese traditional medicinal for its anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperuricemic activities. AIM OF THE STUDY Obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) is driving the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is related to pathological adipose tissue remodeling. Esculin, a major active component of Cortex fraxini, has anti-diabetic effects. However, whether esculin improves obesity-induced IR by regulating adipose tissue remodeling is unclear. The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of esculin on obesity-induced IR and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obese IR C57BL/6J mice were treated with esculin (40 or 80 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests were used to assess insulin sensitivity. Histological analyses were performed to analyze the number and size distribution of adipocytes. Glucose uptake was assessed using 2-NBDG. RESULTS Esculin had no effect on body weight gain but reduced fasting blood glucose, improved oral glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity. Esculin reduced adipocyte size and the expression levels of collagen 4A1 and tumor necrosis factor α and increased the number of adipocytes and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Esculin promoted the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and upregulated the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, activated the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, and enhanced the translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and glucose uptake in adipocytes treated with palmitic acid. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that esculin increases insulin sensitivity by improving adipose tissue remodeling and activating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Central of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Qi
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Si-Yi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Yueyang Vocational Technical College, YueYang, Hunan, China.
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Sadeghi A, Niknam M, Momeni-Moghaddam MA, Shabani M, Aria H, Bastin A, Teimouri M, Meshkani R, Akbari H. Crosstalk between autophagy and insulin resistance: evidence from different tissues. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:456. [PMID: 37876013 PMCID: PMC10599071 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a critical hormone that promotes energy storage in various tissues, as well as anabolic functions. Insulin resistance significantly reduces these responses, resulting in pathological conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of insulin resistance requires better knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms to prevent secondary complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent evidence regarding the etiological mechanisms behind insulin resistance emphasizes the role of energy imbalance and neurohormonal dysregulation, both of which are closely regulated by autophagy. Autophagy is a conserved process that maintains homeostasis in cells. Accordingly, autophagy abnormalities have been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and CVDs. Thus, there may be a link between autophagy and insulin resistance. Therefore, the interaction between autophagy and insulin function will be examined in this review, particularly in insulin-responsive tissues, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Bastin
- Clinical Research Development Center "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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El Azab EF, Alakilli SYM, Saleh AM, Alhassan HH, Alanazi HH, Ghanem HB, Yousif SO, Alrub HA, Anber N, Elfaki EM, Hamza A, Abdulmalek S. Actinidia deliciosa Extract as a Promising Supplemental Agent for Hepatic and Renal Complication-Associated Type 2 Diabetes (In Vivo and In Silico-Based Studies). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13759. [PMID: 37762060 PMCID: PMC10530616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic condition associated with obesity, oxidative stress-mediated inflammation, apoptosis, and impaired insulin signaling. The utilization of phytochemical therapy generated from plants has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Kiwifruit is recognized for its substantial content of antioxidative phenolics. Therefore, this work aimed to examine the effect of Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi fruit) on hepatorenal damage in a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D in rats using in vivo and in silico analyses. An increase in hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation was observed in diabetic rats accompanied by a decrease in antioxidant status. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that there were observable inflammatory and apoptotic responses in the hepatic and renal organs of rats with diabetes, along with a dysregulation of the phosphorylation levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling proteins. However, the administration of kiwi extract to diabetic rats alleviated hepatorenal dysfunction, inflammatory processes, oxidative injury, and apoptotic events with activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies revealed quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and melezitose as components of kiwi extract that docked well with potential as effective natural products for activating the silent information regulator 1(SIRT-1) pathway. Furthermore, phenolic acids in kiwi extract, especially syringic acid, P-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid, have the ability to inhibit the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) active site. In conclusion, it can be argued that kiwi extract may present a potentially beneficial adjunctive therapy approach for the treatment of diabetic hepatorenal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Fawzy El Azab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat 77454, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (S.O.Y.); (H.A.A.); (E.M.E.); (A.H.)
| | - Saleha Y. M. Alakilli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23761, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman M. Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Hassan H. Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (H.B.G.)
| | - Hamad H. Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat 77454, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (S.O.Y.); (H.A.A.); (E.M.E.); (A.H.)
| | - Heba Bassiony Ghanem
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (H.B.G.)
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Sara Osman Yousif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat 77454, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (S.O.Y.); (H.A.A.); (E.M.E.); (A.H.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of medical Laboratory Sciences, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 13311, Sudan
| | - Heba Abu Alrub
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat 77454, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (S.O.Y.); (H.A.A.); (E.M.E.); (A.H.)
| | - Nahla Anber
- Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Elyasa Mustafa Elfaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat 77454, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (S.O.Y.); (H.A.A.); (E.M.E.); (A.H.)
| | - Alneil Hamza
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat 77454, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (S.O.Y.); (H.A.A.); (E.M.E.); (A.H.)
| | - Shaymaa Abdulmalek
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
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Zhao J, Feng Y, Rao Z, Li H, Xu J, Cui S, Lai L. Exercise combined with heat treatment improves insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103651. [PMID: 37459707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, which seriously threaten human health. Thus, finding a safe, effective and economical strategy to treat insulin resistance is urgently needed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise combined with heat treatment on the insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Obese rats were induced by a 10-week high-fat diet and were randomly divided into normal temperature + control (NC), normal temperature + exercise (NE), heat treatment + control (HC) and heat treatment + exercise (HE) groups for 7 weeks of incremental load endurance exercise and heat treatment (exposure to a high-temperature environment room). At the end of the 7-week intervention, we measured fasting blood glucose, serum fasting insulin, serum leptin, serum adiponectin, protein expression of HSF1/HSP27 and JAK2/STAT3 pathway in soleus (primarily composed of slow-twitch fibres) and extensor digitorum longus (primarily composed of fast-twitch fibres) muscles. The results showed that exercise combined with heat treatment can effectively improve insulin resistance by regulating HSF1/HSP27 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the slow-twitch muscle of DIO rats. Importantly, exercise combined with heat treatment is more effective in improving insulin resistance in DIO rats than exercise or heat treatment alone. Low-moderate intensity exercise that stimulates slow-twitch muscle, combined with heat treatment is an effective strategy to treat insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexiu Zhao
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Rao
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Physical Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Xu
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Winter Sports Management Center of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqiang Cui
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Lai
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Nanchang Normal University, Jiangxi, China
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10
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Shamardl HAMA, Ibrahim NA, Merzeban DH, Elamir AM, Golam RM, Elsayed AM. Resveratrol and Dulaglutide ameliorate adiposity and liver dysfunction in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome: Role of SIRT-1 / adipokines / PPARγ and IGF-1. Daru 2023:10.1007/s40199-023-00458-y. [PMID: 36991247 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiposity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS). Understanding the underlying pathogenesis is crucial for the development of new remedies. Resveratrol controls obesity and glycemic disorders in patients with MS. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol and dulaglutide on adipose tissues and liver in rats with MS, declaring their possible mechanisms. METHODS Rats allocated as Control, MS (induced by a high fat/ high sucrose diet for eight weeks), MS + Resveratrol (30 mg/kg/day orally), and MS + Dulaglutide (0.6 mg/kg twice weekly SC); drugs administration was in the last four weeks. Serum biochemical measurements were done. Liver and visceral fat were processed for biochemistry, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MS results demonstrated significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glycemic indices, and lipids with decreased HDL-C. Tissue levels of leptin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and TNF-α reactivity significantly increased. Expression of adiponectin, PPARγ, and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) decreased. Also, Western blotting mRNA gene expression of liver SIRT-1 was down-regulated. Resveratrol and dulaglutide significantly and effectively reversed MS complexity, ameliorating all findings, particularly NAFLD and adiposity-induced inflammation. Resveratrol significantly appears superior to dulaglutide regarding the effects on hemodynamics, lipids, adipokines, IGF-1 levels, and adipocyte size. Parallel, dulaglutide has more influence on glycemic control. CONCLUSION Protective effects of the drugs may be through correlations between SIRT-1/adipokines/IGF-1 and PPARγ, improving the cross-talk between insulin resistance, obesity markers, liver dysfunction, and TNF-α. Promising multi-beneficial therapies of resveratrol or dulaglutide in MS are recommended clinically for this purpose. Showing the Experimental Design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha A Ibrahim
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 19052, Egypt
| | - Dina H Merzeban
- Medical Physiology DepartmentFaculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 19052, Egypt
| | - Azza M Elamir
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 19052, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Golam
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 19052, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Elsayed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 19052, Egypt
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11
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Cook TW, Wilstermann AM, Mitchell JT, Arnold NE, Rajasekaran S, Bupp CP, Prokop JW. Understanding Insulin in the Age of Precision Medicine and Big Data: Under-Explored Nature of Genomics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:257. [PMID: 36830626 PMCID: PMC9953665 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is amongst the human genome's most well-studied genes/proteins due to its connection to metabolic health. Within this article, we review literature and data to build a knowledge base of Insulin (INS) genetics that influence transcription, transcript processing, translation, hormone maturation, secretion, receptor binding, and metabolism while highlighting the future needs of insulin research. The INS gene region has 2076 unique variants from population genetics. Several variants are found near the transcriptional start site, enhancers, and following the INS transcripts that might influence the readthrough fusion transcript INS-IGF2. This INS-IGF2 transcript splice site was confirmed within hundreds of pancreatic RNAseq samples, lacks drift based on human genome sequencing, and has possible elevated expression due to viral regulation within the liver. Moreover, a rare, poorly characterized African population-enriched variant of INS-IGF2 results in a loss of the stop codon. INS transcript UTR variants rs689 and rs3842753, associated with type 1 diabetes, are found in many pancreatic RNAseq datasets with an elevation of the 3'UTR alternatively spliced INS transcript. Finally, by combining literature, evolutionary profiling, and structural biology, we map rare missense variants that influence preproinsulin translation, proinsulin processing, dimer/hexamer secretory storage, receptor activation, and C-peptide detection for quasi-insulin blood measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W. Cook
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Jackson T. Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas E. Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Office of Research, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Caleb P. Bupp
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Office of Research, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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12
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Quintana-Pérez JC, García-Dolores F, Valdez-Guerrero AS, Alemán-González-Duhart D, Arellano-Mendoza MG, Rojas Hernández S, Olivares-Corichi IM, García Sánchez JR, Trujillo Ferrara JG, Tamay-Cach F. Modeling type 2 diabetes in rats by administering tacrolimus. Islets 2022; 14:114-127. [PMID: 35348048 PMCID: PMC8966987 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2022.2051991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing. The current number of diagnosed cases is ~422 million, expected to reach ~640 million by 2040. Type 2 diabetes, which constitutes ~95% of the cases, is characterized by insulin resistance and a progressive loss of β-cell function. Despite intense research efforts, no treatments are yet able to cure the disease or halt its progression. Since all existing animal models of type 2 diabetes have serious drawbacks, one is needed that represents the complete pathogenesis, is low cost and non-obese, and can be developed relatively quickly. The aim of this study was to evaluate a low-cost, non-obese model of type 2 diabetes engendered by administering a daily high dose of tacrolimus (an immunosuppressant) to Wistar rats for 4 weeks. The biochemical and antioxidant markers were measured at basal and after the 4-week tacrolimus treatment. At week 4, the values of these parameters closely resembled those observed in human type 2 diabetes, including fasting blood glucose at 141.5 mg/dL, blood glucose greater than 200 mg/dL at 120 min of the glucose tolerance test, blood glucose at varied levels in the insulin tolerance test, and elevated levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. The tacrolimus treatment produced hypoinsulinemia and sustained hyperglycemia, probably explained by the alteration found in pancreatic β-cell function and morphology. This model should certainly be instrumental for evaluating possible type 2 diabetes treatments, and for designing new immunosuppressants that do not cause pancreatic damage, type 2 diabetes, or new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- JC Quintana-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica Aplicada, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación y Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas,Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F García-Dolores
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Servicios Periciales y Ciencias Forenses, Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - AS Valdez-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica Aplicada, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación y Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas,Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, México
| | - D Alemán-González-Duhart
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica Aplicada, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación y Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas,Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, México
| | - MG Arellano-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, México
| | - S Rojas Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, México
| | - IM Olivares-Corichi
- Laboratorio de Estrés Oxidativo, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - JR García Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Estrés Oxidativo, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - JG Trujillo Ferrara
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica Aplicada, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación y Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas,Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F Tamay-Cach
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica Aplicada, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación y Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas,Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, México
- CONTACT F Tamay-Cach Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica Aplicada, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación y Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México11340, México. JG TrujilloFerrara
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13
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Singdam P, Naowaboot J, Senggunprai L, Boonloh K, Pannangpetch P. Pluchea indica Leaf Extract Alleviates Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis by Modifying the Expression of Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Rats Fed a High Fat-High Fructose Diet. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:384-398. [PMID: 36721751 PMCID: PMC9843721 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Pluchea indica leaf extract (PIE) on dyslipidemia and lipid accumulation in the liver, emphasizing its molecular mechanisms in regulating lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat-high fructose diet (HFFD). Male rats were fed HFFD (40% lard and 20% fructose) for ten weeks. They were then divided into four groups receiving distilled water, PIE (100 or 300 mg/kg/d), and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/d) for a further six weeks, during which the HFFD was continued. After the experiment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), serum insulin and leptin levels, lipid profiles, and hepatic triglyceride content were measured. Histological examination and expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver were measured. HFFD-fed rats indicated a significantly increased FBG, serum leptin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores with impaired OGT and dyslipidemia compared to rats fed a normal diet. PIE significantly reduced FBG, serum leptin, and HOMA-IR scores and improved OGT. Additionally, PIE significantly improved dyslipidemia and decreased serum-free fatty acids and liver triglyceride content. Hepatic histological examination showed a marked reduction lipid accumulation in relation to HFFD controls. Interestingly, PIE significantly downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and upregulated the expression of fatty-acid oxidation-related genes. In conclusion, PIE alleviates dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in HFFD rats plausibly by increasing insulin resistance and modifying the gene expression associated with lipid metabolism. PIE may be used as preventive nutrition for dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Singdam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jarinyaporn Naowaboot
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kampeebhorn Boonloh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patchareewan Pannangpetch
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand,
Correspondence to Patchareewan Pannangpetch, E-mail:
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14
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Fortunato RH, Nores MJ. "Cow's Hoof" ( Bauhinia L., Leguminosae): A Review on Pharmacological Properties of Austral South American Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:31. [PMID: 36616160 PMCID: PMC9823647 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The genus Bauhinia s.l. (Leguminosae), known as cow's hoof, unha de boi or pata de vaca, has been used in traditional medicine worldwide. The aim of the present review is to summarize the studies published on the biological activity of the main native medicinal species reported in austral South America. Of the 14 species present in the region, 10 are consumed as leaf infusions to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and to treat various diseases. Pharmacological properties have been recorded in seven species. Antioxidant, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, diuretic, antimicrobial and antitumor properties have been reported in B. forficata. Together with B. holophylla, they are important for their antidiabetic properties, since several studies indicate their effectiveness as a hypoglycemic agent. B. bauhinioides is distinguished for its anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities and S. microstachya for its analgesic properties. Anti-ulcer and wound healing activities recorded in B. holophylla and B. ungulata, respectively, are of particular interest. Most of the species possess antitumor activity. The antioxidant capacity of flavonoids and other bioactive compounds make these plants good candidates to assist or treat various alterations related with oxidative stress, such as diabetic complications. Thus, these species constitute promising targets for new bioactive substance research and phytotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Jimena Nores
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), UNC, Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Argentina
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15
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Ma Y, Meng A, Dai Y, Yang H, Huang Y, Liu X, Xian L, Yuan X. Hypoglycemic activity of phenols from Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) shells and its main chemical constituents identificatied using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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16
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Kenéz Á, Bäßler SC, Jorge-Smeding E, Huber K. Ceramide metabolism associated with chronic dietary nutrient surplus and diminished insulin sensitivity in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of cattle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:958837. [PMID: 36003642 PMCID: PMC9393214 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.958837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
High dietary energy and protein supply is common practice in livestock nutrition, aiming to maximize growth and production performance. However, a chronic nutritional surplus induces obesity, promotes insulin insensitivity, and triggers low-grade inflammation. Thirty Holstein bulls were randomly assigned to two groups, low energy and protein (LEP), and high energy and protein (HEP) intake, provided from the 13th to the 20th month of life. Body weight, carcass composition, laminitis score, and circulating insulin and glucose concentrations were assessed. The expression and extent of phosphorylation of insulin signaling proteins were measured in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. The sphingolipid metabolome was quantified by a targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach. The HEP bulls were obese, had hyperinsulinemia with euglycemia, and expressed clinical signs of chronic laminitis. In the liver, protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylation was decreased and this was associated with a higher tissue concentration of ceramide 16:0, a sphingolipid that diminishes insulin action by dephosphorylating PKB. In the adipose tissue, insulin receptor expression was lower in HEP bulls, associated with higher concentration of hexosylceramide, which reduces the abundance of functional insulin receptors. Our findings confirm that diet-induced metabolic inflammation triggers ceramide accumulation and disturbs insulin signaling. As insulin insensitivity exacerbates metabolic inflammation, this self-reinforcing cycle could explain the deterioration of metabolic health apparent as chronic laminitis. By demonstrating molecular relationships between insulin signaling and sphingolipid metabolism in three major tissues, our data extend our mechanistic understanding of the role of ceramides in diet-induced metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Kenéz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Ákos Kenéz, ; Korinna Huber,
| | - Sonja Christiane Bäßler
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ezequiel Jorge-Smeding
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ákos Kenéz, ; Korinna Huber,
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17
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Idowu OK, Oluyomi OO, Faniyan OO, Dosumu OO, Akinola OB. The synergistic ameliorative activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and gamma agonists, fenofibrate and pioglitazone, on hippocampal neurodegeneration in a rat model of insulin resistance. IBRAIN 2022; 8:251-263. [PMID: 37786742 PMCID: PMC10528802 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists have been proven to mitigate the neuronal pathology associated with IR. However, the synergetic efficacy of these agonists is yet to be fully described. Hence, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of PPARα/γ agonists (fenofibrate and pioglitazone) on a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration. Male Wistar rats (200 ± 25 mg/body weight [BW]) were divided into five groups. The experimental groups were fed on an HFD for 12 weeks coupled with 5 days of an STZ injection (30 mg/kg/BW, i.p) to induce IR. Fenofibrate (FEN; 100 mg/kg/BW, orally), pioglitazone (PIO; 20 mg/kg/BW, orally), and their combination were administered for 2 weeks postinduction. Behavioral tests were conducted, and blood was collected to determine insulin sensitivity after treatment. Animals were killed for assessment of oxidative stress, cellular morphology characterization, and astrocytic evaluation. HFD/STZ-induced IR increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Evidence of cellular alterations and overexpression of astrocytic protein was observed in the hippocampus. By contrast, monotherapy of FEN and PIO increased the GSH level (p < 0.05), decreased the MDA level (p < 0.05), and improved cellular morphology and astrocytic expression. Furthermore, the combined treatment led to improved therapeutic activities compared to monotherapies. In conclusion, FEN and PIO exerted a therapeutic synergistic effect on HFD/STZ-induced IR in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oluwatomisin O. Faniyan
- Department of Physiology, School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
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Kong F, Kang S, Zhang J, Zhao H, Peng Y, Yang M, Zheng Y, Shao J, Yue X. Whey protein and xylitol complex alleviate type 2 diabetes in C57BL/6 mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111454. [PMID: 35761691 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder that has become a major threat to public health. Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that whey protein isolate (WPI) and xylitol (XY) play an important role on T2D. This manuscript hypothesizes the supplementation of whey protein and xylitol complex (WXY) has the hypoglycemic and hyperlipidemia effect of T2D mice induced by the conjoint action of a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) by modulating of intestinal microbiota. The mice with diabetes displayed higher levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and other serum parameters than the normal mice. Treatment with WXY for 6 weeks significantly modulated the levels of FBG and insulin, improved insulin sensitivity, pancreas impairment and liver function in T2D mice, and the effect was better than that observed with WPI and XY groups. Moreover, supplementation with WXY significantly changed the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota in T2D mice and restored the intestinal bacteria associated with T2D (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Lactobacillus). This may be a potential mechanism for alleviating T2D symptoms. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of specific genera (Turicibacter, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lactobacillus, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Faecalibaculum and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002) were correlated with the levels of blood glucose and serum parameters. Therefore, WXY may be considered a promising dietary supplement for T2D treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Kong
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Shimo Kang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Huiwen Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Yanqi Peng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Junhua Shao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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Kyriakoudi S, Theodoulou A, Potamiti L, Schumacher F, Zachariou M, Papacharalambous R, Kleuser B, Panayiotidis MI, Drousiotou A, Petrou PP. Stbd1-deficient mice display insulin resistance associated with enhanced hepatic ER-mitochondria contact. Biochimie 2022; 200:172-183. [PMID: 35691532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Starch binding domain-containing protein 1 (STBD1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident, glycogen-binding protein. In addition to glycogen, STBD1 has been shown to interact with several proteins implicated in glycogen synthesis and degradation, yet its function in glycogen metabolism remains largely unknown. In addition to the bulk of the ER, STBD1 has been reported to localize at regions of physical contact between mitochondria and the ER, known as Mitochondria-ER Contact sites (MERCs). Given the emerging correlation between distortions in the integrity of hepatic MERCs and insulin resistance, our study aimed to delineate the role of STBD1 in vivo by addressing potential abnormalities in glucose metabolism and ER-mitochondria communication associated with insulin resistance in mice with targeted inactivation of Stbd1 (Stbd1KO). We show that Stbd1KO mice at the age of 24 weeks displayed reduced hepatic glycogen content and aberrant control of glucose homeostasis, compatible with insulin resistance. In line with the above, Stbd1-deficient mice presented with increased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, attenuated activation of insulin signaling in the liver and skeletal muscle and elevated liver sphingomyelin content, in the absence of hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, Stbd1KO mice were found to exhibit enhanced ER-mitochondria association and increased mitochondrial fragmentation in the liver. Nevertheless, the enzymatic activity of hepatic respiratory chain complexes and ER stress levels in the liver were not altered. Our findings identify a novel important role for STBD1 in the control of glucose metabolism, associated with the integrity of hepatic MERCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliana Kyriakoudi
- Biochemical Genetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andria Theodoulou
- Biochemical Genetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Louiza Potamiti
- Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarita Zachariou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Revekka Papacharalambous
- Neuropathology Lab, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Generics, P.O. Box 23462, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anthi Drousiotou
- Biochemical Genetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Petros P Petrou
- Biochemical Genetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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20
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Tang Q, Guo XG, Sun Q, Ma J. The pre-ablation triglyceride-glucose index predicts late recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation in non-diabetic adults. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:219. [PMID: 35568806 PMCID: PMC9107168 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current prognostic risk scoring systems and biomarkers are routinely used as non-invasive methods for assessing late recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients who have undergone radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for late AF recurrence after RFCA in non-diabetic patients. Methods In total, 275 patients with AF who underwent RFCA at the Fuwai hospital (Beijing, China) between January 2016 and December 2018 were enrolled in this study. During follow up, patients were divided into late and non-late AF recurrence groups, based on whether they had experienced late AF recurrence determined by electrocardiography (ECG) examine or 48 h Holter monitoring. The TyG index was calculated using the following equation: ln [fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2]. Results During a median follow-up of 26.1 months, late AF recurrence event rates significantly increased in the highest TyG index tertile group (tertile 3) compared to the lowest group (tertile 1) (54% versus 12%, respectively; p < 0.001). The mean TyG index was higher in the late AF recurrence group compared to the non- late AF recurrence group (9.42 ± 0.6 versus 8.68 ± 0.70, respectively; p < 0.001). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, the pre-ablation TyG index was an independent risk factor for late recurrence of AF after RFCA (hazard ratio [HR] 2.015 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.408–4.117]; p = 0.009). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that TyG index was a significant predictor of late AF recurrence after RFCA, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.737 (95% CI: 0.657–0.816; p < 0.001). In addition, the AUC of left atrial diameter (LAD) was 0.780 (95%CI: 0.703–0.857, p < 0.001). Finally, the TyG index positively correlated with LAD (r = 0.133, p = 0.027), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.132, p = 0.028) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (r = 0.291, p < 0.001) levels. Conclusions An elevated pre-ablation TyG index was associated with an increased risk of late AF recurrence after RFCA in non-diabetic patients. The TyG index may be potentially useful as a novel biomarker for the risk stratification of late AF recurrence in non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Tang
- Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Guo
- Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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21
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Yunn NO, Lee J, Lee HS, Oh EJ, Park M, Park S, Jin SY, Shin E, Lee JWY, Kim Y, Bae SS, Ryu SH. An aptamer agonist of the insulin receptor acts as a positive or negative allosteric modulator, depending on its concentration. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:531-541. [PMID: 35478209 PMCID: PMC9076861 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are widely used as binders that interact with targets with high affinity or as inhibitors of the function of target molecules. However, they have also been used to modulate target protein function, which they achieve by activating the target or stabilizing its conformation. Here, we report a unique aptamer modulator of the insulin receptor (IR), IR-A62. Alone, IR-A62 acts as a biased agonist that preferentially induces Y1150 monophosphorylation of IR. However, when administered alongside insulin, IR-A62 shows variable binding cooperativity depending on the ligand concentration. At low concentrations, IR-A62 acts as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) agonist that enhances insulin binding, but at high concentrations, it acts as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) agonist that competes with insulin for IR. Moreover, the concentration of insulin affects the binding of IR-A62 to IR. Finally, the subcutaneous administration of IR-A62 to diabetic mice reduces blood glucose levels with a longer-lasting effect than insulin administration. These findings imply that aptamers can elicit various responses from receptors beyond those of a simple agonist or inhibitor. We expect further studies of IR-A62 to help reveal the mechanism of IR activation and greatly expand the range of therapeutic applications of aptamers. Studying how an aptamer, a short section of RNA or DNA, affects the interaction of insulin with its membrane receptor protein offers further insights into aptamers in general. Aptamers can bind with high specificity and affinity to many target molecules, and affect the activity of many proteins. Researchers in South Korea led by Sun Sik Bae at Pusan National University and Sung Ho Ryu at Pohang University of Science and Technology explored the interaction of the aptamer IR-A62 with the membrane protein that binds to and responds to insulin. Whether IR-A62 activated or inhibited insulin’s interaction and effects depended on both the aptamer and insulin concentrations. While increasing understanding of the insulin receptor protein, investigating this subtly variable effect could more generally refine and expand the use of aptamers in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Oh Yunn
- Postech Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Lee
- The Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Oh
- Postech Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mangeun Park
- Postech Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongeun Park
- Postech Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Euisu Shin
- Aptamer Sciences, Inc., Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Woon Yi Lee
- Aptamer Sciences, Inc., Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Youndong Kim
- Aptamer Sciences, Inc., Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- The Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Yan Y, Wang S, Gu J, Min Z, Wang R. Effect of Nano-Oleanolic Acid Combined With Lipid-Lowering Ketones on Insulin Resistance in Rats with Gestational Diabetes. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:474-480. [PMID: 35484734 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a widespread metabolic syndrome, an important complication during pregnancy. Most cases are type 2 diabetes, which has attracted the attention of the World Health Organization. The typical feature of T2DM is insulin resistance (IR). Its mechanism remains unclear, but it mainly manifests through parameters like insulin sensitivity, blood glucose level, and liver stability. Oxidative stress and insulin transduction play an important role in IR. This study simulates the disease situation, establishes a high-fat and high-fructose-induced model induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP), and adopts nano-sized oleanolic acid combined with lipid-lowering ketones to explore improvement in the IR mechanism. We found combining nano-sized oleanolic acid and lipid-lowering ketones can slow down the weight gain process in rats, reduce fasting blood glucose levels, increase the insulin sensitivity index, reduce the serum MDA, NO, and triglyceride content, and increase SOD, CAT activity. In summary, our results show that the combined use of nano-sized oleanolic acid and lipid-lowering ketone in pregnant rats with double height can reduce glucose metabolism, delay lipid production, and reduce oxidative stress, which is useful for further treatment and interpretation of T2DM The mechanism provides a theoretical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shiqing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jinping Gu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhihong Min
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
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23
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Ghanbari M, Sadeghimahalli F. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Artemisia annua L. improved insulin resistance via decreasing TNF-alpha, IL-6 and free fatty acids in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2022; 12:54-66. [PMID: 35145895 PMCID: PMC8801215 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2021.18829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that influences many people worldwide. Management of insulin resistance in T2DM without side effects of chemical drugs, is the ultimate goal of the medical community. Artemisia annua L. is used for the treatment of diabetes in folkloric medicine. The present study investigated the effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of A. annua (AA) on insulin resistance in high-fat diet/STZ-induced diabetic mice. Material and Methods: Mice were divided into groups including control with a normal diet, un-treated high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and diabetic mice treated by oral administration of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight of water (hot and cold) and alcoholic extracts of AA. After four weeks of treatment with AA, blood sampling was carried out to measure factors involved in insulin resistance such as low-density lipoprotein/ High-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) ratio, free fatty acids, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as an index of insulin resistance. Results: The results showed that all AA extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and metformin (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced the serum levels of free fatty acids, TNF-alpha, IL-6, LDL/HDL ratio, and HOMA-IR in diabetic mice compared to untreated diabetic mice (p<0.0001). Notably, the 400 mg/kg dose of cold-water extract was more effective than metformin in reduction of TNF-alpha and IL-6 (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: These data illustrated that AA extracts attenuated insulin resistance by reducing the lipid profile and adipocytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Ghanbari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Forouzan Sadeghimahalli
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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24
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Wu Z, Ma Q, Cai S, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Yi J. Rhus chinensis Mill. Fruits Ameliorate Hepatic Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder in Rats Induced by High Fat/High Sugar Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124480. [PMID: 34960032 PMCID: PMC8708379 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder is considered as one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits against hepatic glycolipid metabolic disorders in rats induced by a high fat/high sugar diet. Results showed that ethanol extract, especially at a dose of 600 mg/kg b.w., could effectively ameliorate glycolipid metabolic disorders in rats. The biochemical indexes, including CAT, GSH and HOMA-IR, were significantly improved by the administration of ethanol extract. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis revealed that ethanol extract up-regulated the expression levels of PI3K/AKT, PPAR-α, and the phosphorylation of IRS1 and AMPK proteins, and down-regulated the expressions of SREBP-1 and FAS proteins in the liver, which are closely related to hepatic glycolipid metabolism. Those findings suggested that R. chinensis Mill. fruits could be developed as functional foods and/or nutraceuticals for preventing or controlling some chronic diseases related to hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Wu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.W.); (S.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Qingqing Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.W.); (S.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yilin Sun
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.W.); (S.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.W.); (S.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Junjie Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.W.); (S.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15810687441
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25
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Kang J, Li C, Gao X, Liu Z, Chen C, Luo D. Metformin inhibits tumor growth and affects intestinal flora in diabetic tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174605. [PMID: 34757071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have found that diabetes increases the risk of some cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there are few studies on the relationship between the two diseases and their effects on intestinal flora. Therefore, we used streptozotocin and high-fat diet to establish a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, and then inoculated the Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells to obtain mouse diabetic tumor model. Mice inoculated with Huh-7 cells alone served as control. The tumor size in the diabetic tumor group was significantly higher than that in the tumor group. Our study also showed that the expression levels of inflammation-related factors (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR4 and MCP1) in the diabetic tumor group were significantly higher than that in the tumor group. We found that metformin alleviated blood glucose level, reduced the expressions of inflammation-related factors and retarded xenograft tumor growth in the diabetic tumor group, but it couldn't reduce the tumor growth in the tumor group. Subsequent studies found that the content of some short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetic acid, propionic acid and isobutyric acid decreased significantly in diabetic tumor group. Metformin increased short chain fatty acid levels (acetic acid, butyic acid and valeric acid) and enriched the abundance of SCFA-producing bacterial genera such as Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales, Anaerovorax, Odoribacter and Marvinbryantia. In conclusion, type 2 diabetes could promote the growth of hepatoma cells in mice. Metformin could inhibit the growth of tumor under the condition of diabetes and play a role in the intestinal homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Chunqing Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Xuehui Gao
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
| | - Duqiang Luo
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
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26
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Busquets O, Carrasco M, Espinosa-Jiménez T, Ettcheto M, Verdaguer E, Auladell C, Bullò M, Camins A, Pinent M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Folch J. GSPE pre-treatment protects against long-term cafeteria diet-induced mitochondrial and inflammatory affectations in the hippocampus of rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2627-2637. [PMID: 34789070 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1995118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Deregulations like the loss of sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance) and chronic inflammation are alterations very commonly found in sporadic forms of neurodegenerative pathologies. Thus, finding strategies to protect against them, may lead to a reduction in the incidence and/or affectation of these pathologies. The grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) is a mixture of compounds highly enriched in polyphenols and flavonoids that have shown to have a wide range of therapeutic benefits due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the protective effects of a short pre-treatment of GSPE in the hippocampus against a prolonged feeding with cafeteria diet. METHODS GSPE was administered for 10 days followed by 12 weeks of cafeteria diet. We analyzed transcriptional activity of genes and protein expression of key mediators of neurodegeneration in brain samples. RESULTS Results indicated that GSPE was able to protect against cellular damage through the activation of AKT, as well as promote the maintenance of mitochondrial function by conserving the OXPHOS complexes and upregulating the antioxidant SOD. DISCUSSION We observed that GSPE decreased inflammatory activation as observed through the downregulation of JNK, IL6 and TNFα, just like the reduction in reactive profile of astrocytes. Overall, the data presented here offers an interesting and hopeful initial step for future long-term studies on the beneficial effects of a supplementation of common diets with polyphenol and flavonoid substances for the amelioration of typical early hallmarks of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Busquets
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Carrasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Triana Espinosa-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bullò
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) dirigido por Jordi Salas en la Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
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27
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Experimental models of lipid overload and their relevance in understanding skeletal muscle insulin resistance and pathological changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Biochimie 2021; 196:182-193. [PMID: 34563603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It remains essential to decipher some of the pathological mechanisms that link obesity with deteriorating human health. Insulin resistance, due to enhanced free fatty acid substrate delivery, results in disrupted glucose homeostasis and altered mitochondrial oxidative capacity, which is a characteristic feature of an obese state. In fact, as a major site for regulating glucose homeostasis and energy production in response to insulin, the skeletal muscle has become an interesting target tissue to understand the impact of lipid overload on the development of insulin resistance and impaired mitochondrial respiratory function. In addition to systematically retrieving the discussed data, the current review brings an essential perspective in understanding the relevance of experimental models of lipid overload such as high fat diets in understanding the pathological link between insulin resistance and pathological changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Importantly, inclusion of evidence from transgenic model highlights some of the unique molecular targets that are implicated in the development of insulin resistance and inefficient mitochondrial respiration processes within an obese state. Importantly, saturation with lipid products such as ceramides and diacylglycerols, especially within the skeletal muscle, appears to be instrumental in paving the path leading to worsening of metabolic complications. These metabolic consequences mostly interfere with the efficiency of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to overproduction of toxic reactive oxygen species. Therefore, therapeutic agents that reverse the effects of lipid overload by improving insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial oxidative capacity are crucial for the management or even treatment of metabolic diseases.
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28
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Stožer A, Paradiž Leitgeb E, Pohorec V, Dolenšek J, Križančić Bombek L, Gosak M, Skelin Klemen M. The Role of cAMP in Beta Cell Stimulus-Secretion and Intercellular Coupling. Cells 2021; 10:1658. [PMID: 34359828 PMCID: PMC8304079 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin in response to stimulation with glucose and other nutrients, and impaired insulin secretion plays a central role in development of diabetes mellitus. Pharmacological management of diabetes includes various antidiabetic drugs, including incretins. The incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide, potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by binding to G protein-coupled receptors, resulting in stimulation of adenylate cyclase and production of the secondary messenger cAMP, which exerts its intracellular effects through activation of protein kinase A or the guanine nucleotide exchange protein 2A. The molecular mechanisms behind these two downstream signaling arms are still not fully elucidated and involve many steps in the stimulus-secretion coupling cascade, ranging from the proximal regulation of ion channel activity to the central Ca2+ signal and the most distal exocytosis. In addition to modifying intracellular coupling, the effect of cAMP on insulin secretion could also be at least partly explained by the impact on intercellular coupling. In this review, we systematically describe the possible roles of cAMP at these intra- and inter-cellular signaling nodes, keeping in mind the relevance for the whole organism and translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (A.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.P.); (J.D.); (L.K.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Eva Paradiž Leitgeb
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (A.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.P.); (J.D.); (L.K.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Viljem Pohorec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (A.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.P.); (J.D.); (L.K.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (A.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.P.); (J.D.); (L.K.B.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Križančić Bombek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (A.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.P.); (J.D.); (L.K.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Marko Gosak
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (A.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.P.); (J.D.); (L.K.B.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Skelin Klemen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (A.S.); (E.P.L.); (V.P.); (J.D.); (L.K.B.); (M.G.)
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Kerry RG, Mahapatra GP, Maurya GK, Patra S, Mahari S, Das G, Patra JK, Sahoo S. Molecular prospect of type-2 diabetes: Nanotechnology based diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:421-451. [PMID: 33052523 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
About ninety percent of all diabetic conditions account for T2D caused due to abnormal insulin secretion/ action or increased hepatic glucose production. Factors that contribute towards the aetiology of T2D could be well explained through biochemical, molecular, and cellular aspects. In this review, we attempt to explain the recent evolving molecular and cellular advancement associated with T2D pathophysiology. Current progress fabricated in T2D research concerning intracellular signaling cascade, inflammasome, autophagy, genetic and epigenetics changes is discretely explained in simple terms. Present available anti-diabetic therapeutic strategies commercialized and their limitations which are needed to be acknowledged are addressed in the current review. In particular, the pre-eminence of nanotechnology-based approaches to nullify the inadequacy of conventional anti-diabetic therapeutics and heterogeneous nanoparticulated systems exploited in diabetic researches are also discretely mentioned and are also listed in a tabular format in the review. Additionally, as a future prospect of nanotechnology, the review presents several strategic hypotheses to ameliorate the austerity of T2D by an engineered smart targeted nano-delivery system. In detail, an effort has been made to hypothesize novel nanotechnological based therapeutic strategies, which exploits previously described inflammasome, autophagic target points. Utilizing graphical description it is explained how a smart targeted nano-delivery system could promote β-cell growth and development by inducing the Wnt signaling pathway (inhibiting Gsk3β), inhibiting inflammasome (inhibiting NLRP3), and activating autophagic target points (protecting Atg3/Atg7 complex from oxidative stress) thereby might ameliorate the severity of T2D. Additionally, several targeting molecules associated with autophagic and epigenetic factors are also highlighted, which can be exploited in future diabetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | | | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila MahaVidyalya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, North Odissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Subhasis Mahari
- DBT- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sabuj Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India.
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30
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Elsayed AK, Vimalraj S, Nandakumar M, Abdelalim EM. Insulin resistance in diabetes: The promise of using induced pluripotent stem cell technology. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:221-235. [PMID: 33815671 PMCID: PMC8006014 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). The development of IR in insulin target tissues involves genetic and acquired factors. Persons at genetic risk for T2D tend to develop IR several years before glucose intolerance. Several rodent models for both IR and T2D are being used to study the disease pathogenesis; however, these models cannot recapitulate all the aspects of this complex disorder as seen in each individual. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can overcome the hurdles faced with the classical mouse models for studying IR. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be generated from the somatic cells of the patients without the need to destroy a human embryo. Therefore, patient-specific hiPSCs can generate cells genetically identical to IR individuals, which can help in distinguishing between genetic and acquired defects in insulin sensitivity. Combining the technologies of genome editing and hiPSCs may provide important information about the genetic factors underlying the development of different forms of IR. Further studies are required to fill the gaps in understanding the pathogenesis of IR and diabetes. In this review, we summarize the factors involved in the development of IR in the insulin-target tissues leading to diabetes. Also, we highlight the use of hPSCs to understand the mechanisms underlying the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Elsayed
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | | | - Manjula Nandakumar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
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31
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Pringle NA, van de Venter M, Koekemoer TC. Comprehensive in vitro antidiabetic screening of Aspalathus linearis using a target-directed screening platform and cellomics. Food Funct 2021; 12:1020-1038. [PMID: 33416070 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antidiabetic potential of Aspalathus linearis has been investigated for over a decade, however, its characterisation remains incomplete with results scattered across numerous journals making the information difficult to compare and integrate. To explore whether any potential antidiabetic mechanisms for A. linearis have been neglected and to compare the suitability of extracts of green and "fermented" A. linearis as potential antidiabetic treatment strategies, this study utilised a comprehensive in vitro antidiabetic target-directed screening platform in combination with high content screening and analysis/cellomics. The antidiabetic screening platform consisted of 20 different screening assays that incorporated 5 well-characterised antidiabetic targets i.e. the intestine, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue/obesity and pancreatic β-cells. Both the green and fermented extracts of A. linearis demonstrated very broad antidiabetic mechanisms as they revealed several promising activities that could be useful in combatting insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, protein glycation and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death - with a strong tendency to attenuate postprandial hyperglycaemia and the subsequent metabolic dysfunction which arises as a result of poor glycaemic control. The green extract was more successful at combatting oxidative stress in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells and enhancing intracellular calcium levels in the absence of glucose. Conversely, the fermented extract demonstrated a greater ability to inhibit α-glucosidase activity as well as palmitic acid-induced free fatty acid accumulation in C3A hepatocytes and differentiated L6 myotubes, however, further studies are required to clarify the potentially toxic and pro-inflammatory nature of the fermented extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A Pringle
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
| | - Maryna van de Venter
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
| | - Trevor C Koekemoer
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
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Huang Q, Huang Y, Liu J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Excellent Candidate for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:9938658. [PMID: 34135959 PMCID: PMC8178013 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9938658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells (ASCs) known for repairing damaged cells, exerting anti-inflammatory responses and producing immunoregulatory effects that can be significantly induced into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), providing an inexhaustible supply of functional β cells for cell replacement therapy and disease modeling for diabetes. MSC therapy may be the most promising strategy for diabetes mellitus because of these significant merits. In this paper, we focused on MSC therapy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanting Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Xu J, Li T, Xia X, Fu C, Wang X, Zhao Y. Dietary Ginsenoside T19 Supplementation Regulates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism via AMPK and PI3K Pathways and Its Effect on Intestinal Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14452-14462. [PMID: 33237753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng, as a functional food, is widely used worldwide because of its multifarious benefits. Studies have verified that 25-hydroxyl-protopanaxatriol (T19) is a new ginsenoside from ginseng, which had an important inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in vitro. This study aims to assess the regulation of T19 against glycolipid metabolism by insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and diabetes mice induced with high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ). T19 effectively lowered the levels of blood glucose and lipid, alleviated insulin resistance, and improved histological pathology of liver and pancreas. Further study demonstrated that regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase- and phosphoinositide-3-kinase-signaling pathways was involved in the potential mechanism of T19 efficiency. Simultaneously, high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA revealed that T19 remarkably ameliorated the high-fat diet/STZ-induced disorders of intestinal microbiota by decreasing the value of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and remarkably raised the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family, which are the beneficial bacteria that can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. The results may provide clues for further understanding the mechanism of T19 in regulating glycolipid metabolism, and may provide a scientific basis for ginseng as a potential dietary food to prevent metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Life Sciences and Biological Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chaofan Fu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xude Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Anti-diabetic effects of sea cucumber (Holothuria nobilis) hydrolysates in streptozotocin and high-fat-diet induced diabetic rats via activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Lin L, Zhang S, Lin Y, Liu W, Zou B, Cai Y, Liu D, Sun Y, Zhong Y, Xiao D, Liao Q, Xie Z. Untargeted metabolomics analysis on Cicer arietinium L.-Induced Amelioration in T2D rats by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113013. [PMID: 32526338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cicer arietinium L., which belongs to Cicer genus, was not only a kind of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) recorded in Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (version 2015), but also a kind of Uighur antidiabetic medicines. It has been used as an adjuvant drug or functional food for thousand years in Xinjiang province, China. However, the mechanisms of C. arietinium treatment in T2D have not been fully understood especially on the perspective of metabolomics. AIM OF THE STUDY To clarify the potential mechanisms of C. arietinium treatment in T2D from the perspective of metabolomics since T2D is indeed a kind of metabolic syndromes. MATERIALS AND METHODS T2D rat model was built by HFD for 4 weeks, combining with STZ administration. T2D rats were administrated C. arietinium extraction or metformin (positive control) for 4 weeks. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was applied to screen and identify differential metabolites among groups. RESULTS After 4 weeks of treatments, IR and inflammation were greatly ameliorated in C. arietinium group. And the therapeutic efficiency of C. arietinium treatment was comparable to metformin treatment. Differential metabolites related to C. arietinium treatment, including acylcarnitines, amino acid related metabolites and organic acids, were further used to indicate relevant pathways in T2D rats, including glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, vitamin B6 metabolism and energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In summary, C. arietinium treatment could effectively alleviate diabetic symptoms and regulate metabolic disorders in T2D rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cicer/chemistry
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Male
- Metabolomics
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Streptozocin
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shaobao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yixuan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Baorong Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yangwen Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuping Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Clapham AR, Root MM, Ekker-Runde C. Body mass index mediates the association between meat intake and insulin sensitivity. Nutr Res 2020; 80:28-35. [PMID: 32679433 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the possible inverse relationship between total meat intake and processed meat intake and insulin sensitivity as mediated by body mass index (BMI). The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) was used to assess participants' insulin sensitivity: decreased insulin sensitivity indicated at a score of <0.36. Cross-sectional data were used from Visit 1 of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The mean BMI was 27.3 ± 5.0 kg/m2, total meat intake was 1.76 ± 0.89 servings per day, processed meat intake was 0.44 ± 0.46 servings per day, and the mean QUICKI score was 0.34 ± 0.039. This suggested decreased insulin sensitivity was prevalent in this population. As hypothesized and previously shown, both total meat intake and processed meat were inversely and significantly associated with insulin sensitivity after adjusting for key covariates including BMI. In mediation analysis, the significant inverse direct association model between total meat and QUICKI was -0.0017 (95% CI: -0.0026, -0.0008). BMI had a significant indirect association with QUICKI of -0.0028 (95% CI: -0.0033, -0.0023) which accounted for 62% of the association between total meat intake and insulin sensitivity. In the processed meat intake and QUICKI mediation model, BMI accounted for a significant 43% of the relationship. Our results suggest that the association between total meat and processed meat intake and insulin sensitivity is mediated by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigale R Clapham
- Department of Nutrition and Health Care Management, Appalachian State University, 1179 State Farm Road, Boone, NC 28607, USA.
| | - Martin M Root
- Department of Nutrition and Health Care Management, Appalachian State University, 1179 State Farm Road, Boone, NC 28607, USA.
| | - Camilla Ekker-Runde
- Department of Nutrition and Health Care Management, Appalachian State University, 1179 State Farm Road, Boone, NC 28607, USA.
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Mucin-Grafted Polyethylene Glycol Microparticles Enable Oral Insulin Delivery for Improving Diabetic Treatment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, different ratios of mucin-grafted polyethylene-glycol-based microparticles were prepared and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo as carriers for the oral delivery of insulin. Characterization measurements showed that the insulin-loaded microparticles display irregular porosity and shape. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of insulin were >82% and 18%, respectively. The release of insulin varied between 68% and 92% depending on the microparticle formulation. In particular, orally administered insulin-loaded microparticles resulted in a significant fall of blood glucose levels, as compared to insulin solution. Subcutaneous administration showed a faster, albeit not sustained, glucose fall within a short time as compared to the polymeric microparticle-based formulations. These results indicate the possible oral delivery of insulin using this combination of polymers.
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Gutiérrez-Camacho LR, Kormanovski A, Del Carmen Castillo-Hernández M, Guevara-Balcázar G, Lara-Padilla E. Alterations in glutathione, nitric oxide and 3-nitrotyrosine levels following exercise and/or hyperbaric oxygen treatment in mice with diet-induced diabetes. Biomed Rep 2020; 12:222-232. [PMID: 32257185 PMCID: PMC7100140 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the development of diabetes. Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to oxidative stress, affects the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in tissues and also regulates important physiological processes. The levels of nitrosative stress, assessed by measuring the levels of 3-nitrotirosina (3NT) as well as the bioavailability of NO are modulated by exercise and hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exercise and HBO on the levels of NO, 3NT and GSH in tissues of various organs obtained from diabetic mice. Female mice were fed a high-fat/high-fructose diet to induce diabetes. Mice with diabetes were subjected to exercise and/or HBO. Initial and final concentrations of NO, 3NT and GSH were assessed in the muscle, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, brain, visceral adipose, thoracic aorta and small intestine. Diabetes did not affect initial values of NO, although it significantly increased the levels of 3NT. The basal level of GSH in the diabetic group was lower than or comparable to that of the control group in the majority of the organs assessed. A negative correlation was observed between 3NT and GSH levels in the initial values of all tissues of the control group only, whereas all pathological tissues showed a positive correlation between NO and GSH. There was an increase or a stabilization of GSH levels in the majority of the organs in all treated mice despite the increase in nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Kormanovski
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | | | - Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
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Mohamad HE, Asker ME, Keshawy MM, Abdel Aal SM, Mahmoud YK. Infliximab ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-alpha exacerbated renal insulin resistance induced in rats by regulating insulin signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 872:172959. [PMID: 32004528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infliximab (IFX), a monoclonal antibody for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is known to restore blood glucose homeostasis. However, its effects on improving renal insulin resistance (IR) are not yet studied. So we investigate the impact of infliximab on renal insulin signaling pathway in IR rat model regarding to metformin (MET). The induced IR was confirmed by a high oral glucose tolerance test, an elevation of lipid profile and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance 2 (HOMA-IR 2) values. Subsequently, IR rats were concurrently treated with either MET (100 mg/kg/day) or IFX (one dose 5 mg/kg) besides IR and normal control (NC) groups. Four weeks later, IR control rats displayed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and elevation in HOMA-IR 2, renal function markers and renal tissue TNF-α, interleukins-1β and 6 (Il-1β, IL-6) and suppressor of cytokines signaling 3 (SOCS3) contents as well as glomerulosclerosis when compared to NC group. Additionally, the phosphorylation of renal insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) were markedly impaired. Treatment with either MET or IFX significantly improved IR and kidney functions. The effects of the drugs were achieved by the downregulation of renal inflammatory cytokines and SOCS3 levels and the amelioration of the renal IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, MET and IFX ameliorated the TNF-α worsening effect on IR in rat renal tissues by regulating insulin signaling. Interestingly, infliximab was superior to metformin in regulating insulin signaling pathway. Therefore, infliximab could be used as an adjuvant therapy in improving renal IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mervat E Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Keshawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, 41522, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Sara M Abdel Aal
- Department of Histology& Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmin K Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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40
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Calmasini FB, McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF, Priviero FBM, Antunes E, Webb RC. Toll-like receptor 9 regulates metabolic profile and contributes to obesity-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:179-187. [PMID: 32016843 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is associated with obesity and prostatic inflammation. The present study investigated the participation of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in obesity-induced BPH, focusing on metabolic impairments, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) levels and prostatic oxidative stress generation. METHODS C57BL/6 (WT) and TLR9 mutant male mice were fed with regular or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Metabolic profile, functional protocols, reactive-oxygen species (ROS) generation, prostatic histological analysis and DAMP levels were analyzed. Western blotting for prostatic TLR9 signaling pathway was also performed. RESULTS BPH in WT obese animals was characterized by increased prostate weight, smooth muscle hypercontractility and prostatic epithelial hyperplasia. Higher epididymal fat weight and prostatic ROS generation along with increased fasting glucose, triglyceride and circulating DAMP levels were also observed in WT obese group. Conversely, TLR9 mutant obese animals exhibited lower epididymal fat weight, fasting glucose and triglyceride levels associated with reduced prostate hypercontractility, prostatic ROS and circulating DAMP levels. However, TLR9 mutant obese mice were not protected from obesity-associated prostatic overgrowth and epithelial hyperplasia. Interestingly, TLR9 mutant lean mice exhibited augmented fasting glucose and prostatic ROS levels compared with WT lean mice. Despite increased prostatic expression of TLR9 in WT obese mice, no differences were seen in MyD88 expression between groups. CONCLUSION Improved obesity-induced BPH-related prostatic smooth muscle hypercontractility in TLR9 obese mice may be associated with amelioration in the metabolic profile, ROS and DAMP generation. Therefore, TLR9 could be a valuable target to improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders and prostate smooth muscle hypercontractility in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano B Calmasini
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, USA
| | - Camilla F Wenceslau
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, USA
| | | | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, USA
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Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, López-Oliva M, Celada P, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz F. Carob-fruit-extract-enriched meat modulates lipoprotein metabolism and insulin signaling in diabetic rats induced by high-saturated-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Zhao Q, Li L, Zhu Y, Hou D, Li Y, Guo X, Wang Y, Olatunji OJ, Wan P, Gong K. Kukoamine B Ameliorate Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Other Metabolic Abnormalities in High-Fat/High-Fructose-Fed Rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1843-1853. [PMID: 32547146 PMCID: PMC7266517 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s247844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is characterized by excessive body fat, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which increases the chances of developing chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, some types of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Kukoamine B (Kuk B) is a spermine alkaloid obtained from Lycium chinense, and it has been shown to possess antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of Kuk B on high-fat diet/high-fructose (HFDFr)-induced insulin resistance and obesity in experimental rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were fed with either normal rat diet or HFDFr for 10 consecutive weeks. The groups that were fed with HFDFr received Kuk B (25 and 50 mg/kg) from the beginning of the 6th week to the 10th week. After treatment, the effect of Kuk B on body weight, food, water intake, insulin, blood glucose, serum biochemical parameters, hepatic oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) levels was determined. Histopathological analysis of the liver tissues was also performed. RESULTS HFDFr-fed rats showed a significant increase in body weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin, lipid accumulation and liver function enzymes. In addition, HFDFr diet increased hepatic MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and decreased hepatic SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities. On the other hand, Kuk B significantly attenuated body weight, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation. CONCLUSION These results indicated that Kuk B showed protective effect against HFDFr-induced metabolic disorders by downregulating lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linhai Li
- Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Hou
- Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Li
- Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Ping Wan
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China
- Ping Wan Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Kunmei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Kunmei Gong Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan650032, People’s Republic of China Email
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Role of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNKs) in Epilepsy and Metabolic Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010255. [PMID: 31905931 PMCID: PMC6981493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the regulatory function of the different c-Jun N-terminal kinases isoforms (JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3) play an essential role in neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and metabolic-cognitive alterations. Accordingly, JNKs have emerged as suitable therapeutic strategies. In fact, it has been demonstrated that some unspecific JNK inhibitors exert antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects, albeit they usually show high toxicity or lack therapeutic value. In this sense, natural specific JNK inhibitors, such as Licochalcone A, are promising candidates. Nonetheless, research on the understanding of the role of each of the JNKs remains mandatory in order to progress on the identification of new selective JNK isoform inhibitors. In the present review, a summary on the current gathered data on the role of JNKs in pathology is presented, as well as a discussion on their potential role in pathologies like epilepsy and metabolic-cognitive injury. Moreover, data on the effects of synthetic small molecule inhibitors that modulate JNK-dependent pathways in the brain and peripheral tissues is reviewed.
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Su KZ, Li YR, Zhang D, Yuan JH, Zhang CS, Liu Y, Song LM, Lin Q, Li MW, Dong J. Relation of Circulating Resistin to Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1399. [PMID: 31803062 PMCID: PMC6877503 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistin, a cysteine-rich polypeptide encoded by the RETN gene, which plays an important role in many mechanisms in rodent studies, including lipid metabolism, inflammation and insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the relationship between resistin and insulin resistance in humans is under debate. The present study was designed to clarify the correlation between resistin and insulin resistance. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library until March 3, 2019 with the keywords "resistin" and "insulin resistance." Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to detect publication bias. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect size. Subgroup analysis and meta regression was performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Results: Fifteen studies were included in our systematic review. Among them, 10 studies with Pearson coefficients were used for meta-analysis. We found resistin levels were weakly correlated with insulin resistance in those with T2DM and obesity (r = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.35, I 2 = 59.7%, P = 0.003). Nevertheless, subgroup analysis suggested that circulating resistin levels were significantly positively correlated with insulin resistance in individuals with hyperresistinemia (≥14.8 ng/ml) (r = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35-0.68, I 2 = 0.0%, P = 0.513). And there was no relationship between circulating resistin and insulin resistance in those with normal circulating resistin levels (<14.8 ng/ml) (r = 0.08, 95% CI: -0.01-0.18, I 2 = 0.0%, P = 0.455). Publication bias was insignificant (Egger's test P = 0.592). Conclusion: In T2DM and obese individuals, resistin levels were positively correlated with insulin resistance in those with hyperresistinemia, but not in those with normal circulating resistin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-zhen Su
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-run Li
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun-hua Yuan
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cai-shun Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-min Song
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Man-wen Li
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Physiology Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Antonowski T, Osowski A, Lahuta L, Górecki R, Rynkiewicz A, Wojtkiewicz J. Health-Promoting Properties of Selected Cyclitols for Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2314. [PMID: 31574903 PMCID: PMC6835238 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclitols play a particularly important role in cell functioning because they are involved in ion channel physiology, phosphate storage, signal transduction, cell wall formation, membrane biogenesis, osmoregulation and they have antioxidant activity. They are involved in the cell membranes as a phosphatidyl myo-inositol, an inositol triphosphate precursor, which acts as a transmitter that regulates the activity of several hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin, and insulin. The aim of this paper is to characterize the selected cyclitols: myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, and D-pinitol in type-2 metabolic syndrome and diabetes treatment. Results and discussion: Cyclitols have certain clinical applications in the treatment of metabolic syndromes and are considered to be an option as a dietary supplement for the treatment or prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus and type-2 diabetes. Improved metabolic parameters observed after using cyclitols, like myo-inositol, in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and type-2 diabetes suggest that they may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. Pinitol, together with myo-inositol,maybe responsible for improving lipid profiles by reducing serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. Pinitol is also well-researched and documented for insulin-like effects. Myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, and D-pinitol indicate a number of therapeutic and health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Antonowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Lesław Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Górecki
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Rynkiewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Chen T, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhu D, Yu J, Li G, Sun Z, Wang W, Jiang H, Hong Z. MiR-27a promotes insulin resistance and mediates glucose metabolism by targeting PPAR-γ-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7510-7524. [PMID: 31562809 PMCID: PMC6781997 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mouse model and a cell culture model of insulin resistance (IR) in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A dual-luciferase reporter assay (DLRA) was confirmed interaction between miR-27a and the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ. The inhibition of PPAR-γ expression by microRNA (miR)-27a in IR cells at both the protein and mRNA levels was confirmed by a mechanistic investigation. Moreover, the 3'-UTR of PPAR-γ was found to be a direct target of miR-27a, based on the DLRA. Furthermore, antagomiR-27a upregulated the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression at the protein and mRNA levels. Additionally, the PPAR inhibitor T0070907 repressed the insulin sensitivity upregulated by antagomiR-27a, which was accompanied by the inhibition of PPAR-γ expression and increased levels of AKT phosphorylation and GLUT4. The PI3K inhibitor wortmannin reduced miR-27a-induced increases in AKT phosphorylation, glucose uptake, and GLUT4. miR-27a is considered to be involved in the PPAR-γ-PI3K/AKT-GLUT4 signaling axis, thus leading to increased glucose uptake and decreased IR in HFD-fed mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, miR-27a is a novel target for the treatment of IR in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yilan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dexiao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guoqian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhichun Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wanru Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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Valério Prates K, Ribeiro TA, Pavanello A, Jacinto Saavedra LP, Moreira VM, da Silva Silveira S, Martins IP, Francisco FA, Ferreira Junior MD, Alves VS, Tófolo LP, Previate C, da Silva Franco CC, Gomes RM, Palma-Rigo K, Malta A, de Freitas Mathias PC. Potential attenuation of early-life overfeeding-induced metabolic dysfunction by chronic maternal acetylcholinesterase inhibitor exposure. Toxicology 2019; 425:152250. [PMID: 31326399 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that low concentration perinatal exposure to environmental contaminants, such as organophosphate (OP) is associated with later life insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this work was to investigate whether chronic maternal OP exposure exacerbates metabolic dysfunctions in early-overfed rats. During pregnancy and lactational periods, dams received OP by gavage. To induce neonatal overnutrition at postnatal day 3, pups were standardized to 9 or 3 per nest. At 90-days-old, glucose-insulin homeostasis and insulin release from pancreatic islets were analyzed. While both OP exposure and overfeeding alone did induce diabetogenic phenotypes in adulthood, there was no exacerbation in rats that experienced both. Unexpectedly, the group that experienced both had improved adiposity, metabolic parameters, attenuated insulin release from isolated islets in the presence of glucose and low function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, as well as an attenuation of beta cell mass hyperplasia. High levels of butyrylcholinesterase and low levels of insulin in milk may contribute to the OP-induced developmental programming. Our study showed that maternal OP exposure may program insulin release as well as endocrine pancreas structure, thus affecting metabolism in adulthood. Our data suggest that while perinatal OP exposure alone increases the risk for later life T2D, it actually reverses many of the programmed metabolic dysfunction that is induced by postnatal overfeeding. These surprising results may suggest that low-dose administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors could be of utility in preventing detrimental developmental programming that is caused by early-life overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sandra da Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Vander Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Carina Previate
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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Tang W, Fan Y. SIRT6 as a potential target for treating insulin resistance. Life Sci 2019; 231:116558. [PMID: 31194993 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to explore the role of SIRT6 in Insulin resistance (IR). We are the first to investigate on this crucial relationship in an obese mouse model fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) and an IR model based on the mature 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes. MAIN METHODS Western blotting (WB) and qPCR analysis were performed to evaluate the SIRT6 protein and mRNA expressions in HFD mice as well as IR cells. Injection of adenovirus encoding SIRT6 gene in HFD mice and transfection of pcDNA3-SIRT6 in IR cells increased the glucose uptake levels and insulin sensitivity. KEY FINDINGS The positive regulatory effects of SIRT6 on transient receptor potential vallinoid 1 (TRPV1) in IR cells were confirmed by a mechanistic investigation at both protein and mRNA levels. Further, the overexpression of SIRT6 was found to activate the TRPV1/Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling and upregulate the glucose transporter (GLUT) expression at protein and mRNA levels. Additionally, administration of the TRPV1 antagonist, SB-705498 repressed the insulin sensitivity upregulated by SIRT6 overexpression accompanied with the inhibition of CGRP and decrease in GLUT proportions. The results also showed that TRPV1 agonist, Capsaicin boosted the SIRT6-induced glucose uptake, CGRP production, and GLUT4 levels. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, SIRT6 was concluded to be involved in the TRPV1-CGRP-GLUT4 signaling axis thus leading to increased glucose uptake and decreased IR in HFD mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, in terms of obesity and diabetes, SIRT6 is a novel candidate for treating IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan, China.
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan, China
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Evaluating the Impact of Different Hypercaloric Diets on Weight Gain, Insulin Resistance, Glucose Intolerance, and its Comorbidities in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061197. [PMID: 31141900 PMCID: PMC6627141 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal experimentation has a long history in the study of metabolic syndrome-related disorders. However, no consensus exists on the best models to study these syndromes. Knowing that different diets can precipitate different metabolic disease phenotypes, herein we characterized several hypercaloric rat models of obesity and type 2 diabetes, comparing each with a genetic model, with the aim of identifying the most appropriate model of metabolic disease. The effect of hypercaloric diets (high fat (HF), high sucrose (HSu), high fat plus high sucrose (HFHSu) and high fat plus streptozotocin (HF+STZ) during different exposure times (HF 3 weeks, HF 19 weeks, HSu 4 weeks, HSu 16 weeks, HFHSu 25 weeks, HF3 weeks + STZ) were compared with the Zucker fatty rat. Each model was evaluated for weight gain, fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, lipid profile and liver lipid deposition, blood pressure, and autonomic nervous system function. All animal models presented with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia except the HF+STZ and HSu 4 weeks, which argues against the use of these models as metabolic syndrome models. Of the remaining animal models, a higher weight gain was exhibited by the Zucker fatty rat and wild type rats submitted to a HF diet for 19 weeks. We conclude that the latter model presents a phenotype most consistent with that observed in humans with metabolic disease, exhibiting the majority of the phenotypic features and comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Jin L, Rao J, Zhang L, Ji F, Zhang Y, Hao X, Peng B, Liu X, Sun Y. Comparison of gene expression in cynomolgus monkeys with preclinical type II diabetes induced by different high energy diets. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:44-50. [PMID: 31016286 PMCID: PMC6431119 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cynomolgus disease models that are similar to the preclinical stage of human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were established by feeding middle-aged cynomolgus monkeys different high energy diets to study the differential expression of diabetes-related genes. METHODS A total of 36 male monkeys were randomly divided into four groups and fed human diets with high sugar, high fat, double high sugar and fat, and a normal diet. The preclinical diabetes phase was determined by monitoring the metabolic characteristic indices and the results of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). The mRNA expression of 45 diabetes-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes was analyzed using real-time PCR. RESULTS A total of 22, 25, and 21 genes were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) and 5, 7, and 5 genes were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) in the above three induced groups, respectively, compared with the control group. Of the 45 tested genes, the expression profiles of 21 genes were consistent. Most of the expression levels in the double high sugar-and-fat individuals were slightly lower than those in the high glucose and high fat groups, although the expression patterns of the three groups were essentially similar. CONCLUSION The different high energy diets all induced diabetes and shared some phenotypic properties with human T2DM. Most of the expression patterns of the related genes were identical. The gene expression profiles could be used as references for the study of early diagnostic indicators and T2DM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Sha Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationGuangdong Institute of Applied Biological ResourcesGuangzhouChina
- South China Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
| | - Jun‐Hua Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationGuangdong Institute of Applied Biological ResourcesGuangzhouChina
| | - Li‐Biao Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationGuangdong Institute of Applied Biological ResourcesGuangzhouChina
| | - Fang Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationGuangdong Institute of Applied Biological ResourcesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan‐Chun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationGuangdong Institute of Applied Biological ResourcesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiang‐Fen Hao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationGuangdong Institute of Applied Biological ResourcesGuangzhouChina
- South China Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
| | - Bai‐Lu Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationGuangdong Institute of Applied Biological ResourcesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Ming Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationGuangdong Institute of Applied Biological ResourcesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yun‐Xiao Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationGuangdong Institute of Applied Biological ResourcesGuangzhouChina
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