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Mitton GA, Corona M, Alburaki M, Iglesias AE, Ramos F, Fuentes G, Vázquez MM, Mitton FM, Chan P, Ruffinengo SR, Maggi MD. Synergistic effects between microplastics and glyphosate on honey bee larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 111:104550. [PMID: 39245242 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MPs) pollution has emerged as a global ecological concern, however, the impact of MPs exposure, particularly in conjunction with other pollutants such as glyphosate (GLY) on honey bee remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of exposure to different concentrations of MPs and their combination with GLY on honey bee larvae development, or during the larvae period, regulation of major detoxification, antioxidant and immune genes, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Results revealed that combined exposure to MPs and GLY decreased larvae survivorship and weight, while exposure to MPs alone showed no significant differences. Both MPs and GLY alone downregulated the defensin-1 gene, but only combined exposure with GLY downregulated the hymenoptaecin gene and increased catalase enzyme activity. The data suggest a synergistic effect of MPs and GLY, leading to immunosuppression and reduced larvae survival and weight. These findings highlight potential risks of two prevalent environmental pollutants on honey bee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Mitton
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata, CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina.
| | - M Corona
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - M Alburaki
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - A E Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata, CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - F Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata, CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - G Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata, CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - M M Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata, CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - F M Mitton
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N°1 Escollera Norte, Mar del Plata B7602HSA, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP-CONICET,, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata B7602AYL, Argentina
| | - P Chan
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - S R Ruffinengo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata, CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Grupo Apicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Balcarce, 7620, Argentina
| | - M D Maggi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata, CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
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Wei M, Shen X, Liu Y, Chen X, Su S, Lv X, Qian X, Yu L, Wang L. The antitumor effect of diisopropylamine dichloroacetate on non-small cell lung cancer and its influence on the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1447828. [PMID: 39267851 PMCID: PMC11390397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1447828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the antitumor effects of diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA) alone or in combination with chemotherapy/radiotherapy/immunotherapy in NSCLC and explore the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods MTT, UV spectrophotometry, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and clonogenic survival assays were used. In LLC mouse models, the antitumor effects of radiotherapy, DADA, and the anti-PD-1 antibody alone or in combination were evaluated, and the T cell numbers were evaluated in different groups. Results DADA significantly inhibited lactate production and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC in vitro. Compared with pemetrexed or DADA alone, the combination of DADA with pemetrexed significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis (p<0.05). This may be related to the decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential in the combined group. Moreover, compared with radiotherapy alone, the combination of DADA with radiotherapy induced remarkable DNA damage. In vivo, the combination of radiotherapy, an anti-PD-1 antibody and DADA resulted in superior tumor inhibition than the combination of radiotherapy and anti-PD-1 antibody did (p < 0.05). The underlying mechanism may be partially related to the increased number of CD3+ T cells in the triplet combination group (p < 0.05). Discussion Our results showed that DADA has strong antitumor effects on NSCLC, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Interestingly, the combination of radiotherapy, anti-PD-1 antibody and DADA had a more pronounced tumor-suppressing effect, which may be related to DADA-induced T-cell generation by reducing local lactic acid production in the tumor microenvironment. This study lays the foundation for further exploration of DADA in lung cancer, especially in the era of immunotherapy, on the basis of its possible immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Changzhou Hygiene Vocational Technology College, Changzhou, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Su
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lv
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Huang X, Zheng Y, Wang N, Zhao M, Liu J, Lin W, Zhu Y, Xie X, Lv Y, Wang J, Mo Y. Dichloroacetate Prevents Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy by Inhibiting Microglia Pyroptosis through PDK4/NLRP3. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02105-3. [PMID: 39177920 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA), a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, is often used to treat lactic acidosis and malignant tumors. Increasing studies have shown that DCA has neuroprotective effects. Here, we explored the role and mechanism of DCA in Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE). Single-cell analysis was used to determine the important role of PDK4 in SAE and identify the cell type. GO and GSEA analysis were used to determine the correlation between DCA and pyroptosis. Through LPS + ATP stimulation, a microglia pyroptosis model was established to observe the expression level of intracellular pyroptosis-related proteins under DCA intervention, and further detect the changes in intracellular ROS and JC-1. Additionally, a co-culture environment of microglia and neuron was simply constructed to evaluate the effect of DCA on activated microglia-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Finally, Novel object recognition test and the Morris water maze were used to explore the effect of DCA on cognitive function in mice from different groups after intervention. Based on the above experiments, this study concludes that DCA can improve the ratio of peripheral and central M1 macrophages, inhibit NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis through ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). DCA can reduce neuron death caused by SAE and improve cognitive function in LPS mice. In SAE, DCA may be a potential candidate drug for the treatment of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhao Zheng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofan Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junlu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunchang Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Brennan RJ, Jenkinson S, Brown A, Delaunois A, Dumotier B, Pannirselvam M, Rao M, Ribeiro LR, Schmidt F, Sibony A, Timsit Y, Sales VT, Armstrong D, Lagrutta A, Mittlestadt SW, Naven R, Peri R, Roberts S, Vergis JM, Valentin JP. The state of the art in secondary pharmacology and its impact on the safety of new medicines. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:525-545. [PMID: 38773351 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Secondary pharmacology screening of investigational small-molecule drugs for potentially adverse off-target activities has become standard practice in pharmaceutical research and development, and regulatory agencies are increasingly requesting data on activity against targets with recognized adverse effect relationships. However, the screening strategies and target panels used by pharmaceutical companies may vary substantially. To help identify commonalities and differences, as well as to highlight opportunities for further optimization of secondary pharmacology assessment, we conducted a broad-ranging survey across 18 companies under the auspices of the DruSafe leadership group of the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development. Based on our analysis of this survey and discussions and additional research within the group, we present here an overview of the current state of the art in secondary pharmacology screening. We discuss best practices, including additional safety-associated targets not covered by most current screening panels, and present approaches for interpreting and reporting off-target activities. We also provide an assessment of the safety impact of secondary pharmacology screening, and a perspective on opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohan Rao
- Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
- Neurocrine Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lyn Rosenbrier Ribeiro
- UCB Biopharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Grunenthal, Berkshire, UK
| | | | | | - Yoav Timsit
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Duncan Armstrong
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Armstrong Pharmacology, Macclesfield, UK
| | | | | | - Russell Naven
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ravikumar Peri
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sonia Roberts
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - James M Vergis
- Faegre Drinker Biddle and Reath, LLP, Washington, DC, USA
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Carswell G, Chamberlin J, Bennett BD, Bushel PR, Chorley BN. Persistent gene expression and DNA methylation alterations linked to carcinogenic effects of dichloroacetic acid. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1389634. [PMID: 38764585 PMCID: PMC11099211 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1389634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanistic understanding of transient exposures that lead to adverse health outcomes will enhance our ability to recognize biological signatures of disease. Here, we measured the transcriptomic and epigenomic alterations due to exposure to the metabolic reprogramming agent, dichloroacetic acid (DCA). Previously, we showed that exposure to DCA increased liver tumor incidence in B6C3F1 mice after continuous or early life exposures significantly over background level. Methods Using archived formalin-fixed liver samples, we utilized modern methodologies to measure gene expression and DNA methylation levels to link to previously generated phenotypic measures. Gene expression was measured by targeted RNA sequencing (TempO-seq 1500+ toxicity panel: 2754 total genes) in liver samples collected from 10-, 32-, 57-, and 78-week old mice exposed to deionized water (controls), 3.5 g/L DCA continuously in drinking water ("Direct" group), or DCA for 10-, 32-, or 57-weeks followed by deionized water until sample collection ("Stop" groups). Genome-scaled alterations in DNA methylation were measured by Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) in 78-week liver samples for control, Direct, 10-week Stop DCA exposed mice. Results Transcriptomic changes were most robust with concurrent or adjacent timepoints after exposure was withdrawn. We observed a similar pattern with DNA methylation alterations where we noted attenuated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the 10-week Stop DCA exposure groups compared to the Direct group at 78-weeks. Gene pathway analysis indicated cellular effects linked to increased oxidative metabolism, a primary mechanism of action for DCA, closer to exposure windows especially early in life. Conversely, many gene signatures and pathways reversed patterns later in life and reflected more pro-tumorigenic patterns for both current and prior DCA exposures. DNA methylation patterns correlated to early gene pathway perturbations, such as cellular signaling, regulation and metabolism, suggesting persistence in the epigenome and possible regulatory effects. Conclusion Liver metabolic reprogramming effects of DCA interacted with normal age mechanisms, increasing tumor burden with both continuous and prior DCA exposure in the male B6C3F1 rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleta Carswell
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - John Chamberlin
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Brian D. Bennett
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Pierre R. Bushel
- Massive Genome Informatics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Brian N. Chorley
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Luo Y, Qi X, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Li B, Shu T, Li X, Hu H, Li J, Tang Q, Zhou Y, Wang M, Fan T, Guo W, Liu Y, Zhang J, Pang J, Yang P, Gao R, Chen W, Yan C, Xing Y, Du W, Wang J, Wang C. Inactivation of Malic Enzyme 1 in Endothelial Cells Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2024; 149:1354-1371. [PMID: 38314588 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiopulmonary disease with a high mortality rate. Although growing evidence has revealed the importance of dysregulated energetic metabolism in the pathogenesis of PH, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we focused on ME1 (malic enzyme 1), a key enzyme linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We aimed to determine the role and mechanistic action of ME1 in PH. METHODS Global and endothelial-specific ME1 knockout mice were used to investigate the role of ME1 in hypoxia- and SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx)-induced PH. Small hairpin RNA and ME1 enzymatic inhibitor (ME1*) were used to study the mechanism of ME1 in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Downstream key metabolic pathways and mediators of ME1 were identified by metabolomics analysis in vivo and ME1-mediated energetic alterations were examined by Seahorse metabolic analysis in vitro. The pharmacological effect of ME1* on PH treatment was evaluated in PH animal models induced by SuHx. RESULTS We found that ME1 protein level and enzymatic activity were highly elevated in lung tissues of patients and mice with PH, primarily in vascular endothelial cells. Global knockout of ME1 protected mice from developing hypoxia- or SuHx-induced PH. Endothelial-specific ME1 deletion similarly attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH development in mice, suggesting a critical role of endothelial ME1 in PH. Mechanistic studies revealed that ME1 inhibition promoted downstream adenosine production and activated A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling, which leads to an increase in nitric oxide generation and a decrease in proinflammatory molecule expression in endothelial cells. ME1 inhibition activated adenosine production in an ATP-dependent manner through regulating malate-aspartate NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide plus hydrogen) shuttle and thereby balancing oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Pharmacological inactivation of ME1 attenuated the progression of PH in both preventive and therapeutic settings by promoting adenosine production in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that ME1 upregulation in endothelial cells plays a causative role in PH development by negatively regulating adenosine production and subsequently dysregulating endothelial functions. Our findings also suggest that ME1 may represent as a novel pharmacological target for upregulating protective adenosine signaling in PH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.L.)
| | - Xianmei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases (Z.Z., W.D.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Ting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Xiaona Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Jinqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Qihao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Mingyao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (M.W., C.W.)
| | - Tianfei Fan
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Wenjun Guo
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (J.Z.)
| | - Junling Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Peiran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Ran Gao
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Lung Transplantation, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (W.C.)
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Yanjiang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases (Z.Z., W.D.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (M.W., C.W.)
- Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, China (C.W.)
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Li CR, Deng YL, Miao Y, Zhang M, Zeng JY, Liu XY, Wu Y, Li YJ, Liu AX, Zhu JQ, Liu C, Zeng Q. Exposures to drinking water disinfection byproducts and kidney function in Chinese women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117925. [PMID: 38103773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disinfection byproducts (DBPs), the ubiquitous contaminants in drinking water, have been shown to impair renal function in experimental studies. However, epidemiological evidence is sparse. OBJECTIVE To investigate exposures to DBPs in associations with renal function among women. METHODS A total of 920 women from December 2018 to January 2020 were abstracted from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) Study, an ongoing cohort study in Wuhan, China. Urine samples were gathered at baseline recruitment and analyzed for dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) as biomarkers of DBP exposures. Serum uric acid (UA), creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured as indicators of renal function. Multivariate linear regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were conducted to assess urinary DCAA and TCAA concentrations in associations with renal function indicators. Stratified analyses by age and body mass index (BMI) were also performed. RESULTS We found null evidence of urinary TCAA in associations with renal function indicators. However, elevated urinary DCAA tertiles were related to decreased eGFR (β = -1.78%, 95% CI: 3.21%, -0.36%, comparing the upper vs. lower tertile; P for trend = 0.01). This inverse association still existed when urinary DCAA concentration was treated as a continuous variable, and the dose-response relationship was linear based on the RCS model (P for overall association = 0.002 and P for non-linear associations = 0.44). In the stratified analyses, we found an association of urinary DCAA concentration with decreased UA level among women <30 years but an association with increased UA level among women ≥30 years (P for interaction = 0.04). CONCLUSION Urinary DCAA but not TCAA was associated with impaired renal function among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ru Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang-Juan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - A-Xue Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jin-Qin Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhao H, Wang Z, Shi Y, Dong J, Wang K, Wang X, Li X, Qi H, Zhao X. Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Dichloroacetate: Targeting Metabolic Disorders in Nervous System Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7559-7581. [PMID: 38106446 PMCID: PMC10725694 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational drug used to treat lactic acidosis and malignant tumours. It works by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and increasing the rate of glucose oxidation. Some studies have documented the neuroprotective benefits of DCA. By reviewing these studies, this paper shows that DCA has multiple pharmacological activities, including regulating metabolism, ameliorating oxidative stress, attenuating neuroinflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing autophagy, protecting the blood‒brain barrier, improving the function of endothelial progenitor cells, improving mitochondrial dynamics, and decreasing amyloid β-protein. In addition, DCA inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes it, which leads to peripheral neurotoxicity due to drug accumulation that may be solved by individualized drug delivery and nanovesicle delivery. In summary, in this review, we analyse the mechanisms of neuroprotection by DCA in different diseases and discuss the causes of and solutions to its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Dong
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Ritterhoff J, Tian R. Metabolic mechanisms in physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy: new paradigms and challenges. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:812-829. [PMID: 37237146 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac metabolism is vital for heart function. Given that cardiac contraction requires a continuous supply of ATP in large quantities, the role of fuel metabolism in the heart has been mostly considered from the perspective of energy production. However, the consequence of metabolic remodelling in the failing heart is not limited to a compromised energy supply. The rewired metabolic network generates metabolites that can directly regulate signalling cascades, protein function, gene transcription and epigenetic modifications, thereby affecting the overall stress response of the heart. In addition, metabolic changes in both cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes contribute to the development of cardiac pathologies. In this Review, we first summarize how energy metabolism is altered in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure of different aetiologies, followed by a discussion of emerging concepts in cardiac metabolic remodelling, that is, the non-energy-generating function of metabolism. We highlight challenges and open questions in these areas and finish with a brief perspective on how mechanistic research can be translated into therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ritterhoff
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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10
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Stakišaitis D, Kapočius L, Kilimaitė E, Gečys D, Šlekienė L, Balnytė I, Palubinskienė J, Lesauskaitė V. Preclinical Study in Mouse Thymus and Thymocytes: Effects of Treatment with a Combination of Sodium Dichloroacetate and Sodium Valproate on Infectious Inflammation Pathways. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2715. [PMID: 38140056 PMCID: PMC10747708 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The research presents data from a preclinical study on the anti-inflammatory effects of a sodium dichloroacetate and sodium valproate combination (DCA-VPA). The 2-week treatment with a DCA 100 mg/kg/day and VPA 150 mg/kg/day combination solution in drinking water's effects on the thymus weight, its cortex/medulla ratio, Hassall's corpuscles (HCs) number in the thymus medulla, and the expression of inflammatory and immune-response-related genes in thymocytes of male Balb/c mice were studied. Two groups of mice aged 6-7 weeks were investigated: a control (n = 12) and a DCA-VPA-treated group (n = 12). The treatment did not affect the body weight gain (p > 0.05), the thymus weight (p > 0.05), the cortical/medulla ratio (p > 0.05), or the number of HCs (p > 0.05). Treatment significantly increased the Slc5a8 gene expression by 2.1-fold (p < 0.05). Gene sequence analysis revealed a significant effect on the expression of inflammation-related genes in thymocytes by significantly altering the expression of several genes related to the cytokine activity pathway, the inflammatory response pathway, and the Il17 signaling pathway in thymocytes. Data suggest that DCA-VPA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the inflammatory mechanisms in the mouse thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakišaitis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Linas Kapočius
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Evelina Kilimaitė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Dovydas Gečys
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave., 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Lina Šlekienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jolita Palubinskienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaitė
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave., 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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11
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Shen J, Liang J, Rejiepu M, Yuan P, Xiang J, Guo Y, Xiaokereti J, Zhang L, Tang B. Identification of a Novel Target Implicated in Chronic Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Atrial Fibrillation by Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Proteome. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5677-5695. [PMID: 38050561 PMCID: PMC10693830 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s438701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify a newly identified target involved in atrial fibrillation (AF) linked to chronic obstructive sleep apnea (COSA) through an integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome. Methods Fifteen beagle canines were randomly assigned to three groups: control (CON), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and OSA with superior left ganglionated plexi ablation (OSA+GP). A COSA model was established by intermittently obstructing the endotracheal cannula during exhalation for 12 weeks. Left parasternal thoracotomy through the fourth intercostal space allowed for superior left ganglionated plexi (SLGP) ablation. In vivo open-chest electrophysiological programmed stimulation was performed to assess AF inducibility. Histological, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses were conducted on atrial samples. Results After 12 weeks, the OSA group exhibited increased AF inducibility and longer AF durations compared to the CON group. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified 2422 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1194 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between OSA and CON groups, as well as between OSA+GP and OSA groups (1850 DEGs and 1418 DEPs). The analysis revealed that differentially regulated DEGs were primarily enriched in mitochondrial biological processes in the CON-vs.-OSA and OSA-vs.-GP comparisons. Notably, the key regulatory molecule GSTZ1 was activated in OSA and inhibited by GP ablation. Conclusion These findings suggest that GSTZ1 may play a pivotal role in mitochondrial damage, triggering AF substrate formation, and increasing susceptibility to AF in the context of COSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqing Liang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manzeremu Rejiepu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yankai Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiasuoer Xiaokereti
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Stacpoole PW. Clinical physiology and pharmacology of GSTZ1/MAAI. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115818. [PMID: 37742772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein I summarize the physiological chemistry and pharmacology of the bifunctional enzyme glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1)/ maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI) relevant to human physiology, drug metabolism and disease. MAAI is integral to the catabolism of the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MAAI can be pathological in animals. However, to date, no clinical disease consequences are unequivocally attributable to inborn errors of this enzyme. MAAI is identical to the zeta 1 family isoform of GST, which biotransforms the investigational drug dichloroacetate (DCA) to the endogenous compound glyoxylate. DCA is a mechanism-based inhibitor of GSTZ1 that significantly reduces its rate of metabolism and increases accumulation of potentially harmful tyrosine intermediates and of the heme precursor δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA). GSTZ1 is most abundant in rodent and human liver, with its concentration several fold higher in cytoplasm than in mitochondria. Its activity and protein expression are dependent on the age of the host and the intracellular level of chloride ions. Gene association studies have linked GSTZ1 or its protein product to various physiological traits and pathologies. Haplotype variations in GSTZ1 influence the rate of DCA metabolism, enabling a genotyping strategy to allow potentially safe, precision-based drug dosing in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA.
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13
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van Vliet K, Dijkstra AM, Bouva MJ, van der Krogt J, Bijsterveld K, van der Sluijs F, de Sain-van der Velden MG, Koop K, Rossi A, Thomas JA, Patera CA, Kiewiet MBG, Waters PJ, Cyr D, Boelen A, van Spronsen FJ, Heiner-Fokkema MR. Maleic acid is a biomarker for maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency; implications for newborn screening of tyrosinemia type 1. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:1104-1113. [PMID: 37545091 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spot succinylacetone (SA) is often used as a biomarker for newborn screening (NBS) for tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1). However, false-positive SA results are often observed. Elevated SA may also be due to maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency (MAAI-D), which appears to be clinically insignificant. This study investigated whether urine organic acid (uOA) and quantitative urine maleic acid (Q-uMA) analyses can distinguish between TT1 and MAAI-D. We reevaluated/measured uOA (GC-MS) and/or Q-uMA (LC-MS/MS) in available urine samples of nine referred newborns (2 TT1, 7 false-positive), eight genetically confirmed MAAI-D children, and 66 controls. Maleic acid was elevated in uOA of 5/7 false-positive newborns and in the three available samples of confirmed MAAI-D children, but not in TT1 patients. Q-uMA ranged from not detectable to 1.16 mmol/mol creatinine in controls (n = 66) and from 0.95 to 192.06 mmol/mol creatinine in false-positive newborns and MAAI-D children (n = 10). MAAI-D was genetically confirmed in 4/7 false-positive newborns, all with elevated Q-uMA, and rejected in the two newborns with normal Q-uMA. No sample was available for genetic analysis of the last false-positive infant with elevated Q-uMA. Our study shows that MAAI-D is a recognizable cause of false-positive TT1 NBS results. Elevated urine maleic acid excretion seems highly effective in discriminating MAAI-D from TT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van Vliet
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A M Dijkstra
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J Bouva
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - J van der Krogt
- Laboratory of Metabolic diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Bijsterveld
- Laboratory of Metabolic diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F van der Sluijs
- Laboratory of Metabolic diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M G de Sain-van der Velden
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Koop
- Department of Pediatrics, section Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - J A Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - C A Patera
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Shodair Children's Hospital, Helena, Montana, USA
| | - M B G Kiewiet
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - P J Waters
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHU Sherbrooke and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - D Cyr
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHU Sherbrooke and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - A Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F J van Spronsen
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M R Heiner-Fokkema
- Laboratory of Metabolic diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Mironiuk-Puchalska E, Karatsai O, Żuchowska A, Wróblewski W, Borys F, Lehka L, Rędowicz MJ, Koszytkowska-Stawińska M. Development of 5-fluorouracil-dichloroacetate mutual prodrugs as anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106784. [PMID: 37639758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely applied chemotherapeutic agents with a broad spectrum of activity. However, despite this versatile activity, its use poses many limitations. Herein, novel derivatives of 5-FU and dichloroacetic acid have been designed and synthesized as a new type of codrugs, also known as mutual prodrugs, to overcome the drawbacks of 5-FU and enhance its therapeutic efficiency. The stability of the obtained compounds has been tested at various pH values using different analytical techniques, namely HPLC and potentiometry. The antiproliferative activity of the new 5-FU derivatives was assessed in vitro on SK-MEL-28 and WM793 human melanoma cell lines in 2D culture as well as on A549 human lung carcinoma, MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma, LL24 normal lung tissue, and HMF normal breast tissue as a multicellular 3D spheroid model cultured in standard (static) conditions and with the use of microfluidic systems, which to a great extent resembles the in vivo environment. In all cases, new mutual prodrugs showed a higher cytotoxic activity toward cancer models and lower to normal cell models than the parent 5-FU itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mironiuk-Puchalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego St., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Olena Karatsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Science, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093-Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żuchowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego St., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wróblewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego St., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Borys
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego St., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lilya Lehka
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Science, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093-Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Science, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093-Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Schoenmann N, Tannenbaum N, Hodgeman RM, Raju RP. Regulating mitochondrial metabolism by targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase with dichloroacetate, a metabolic messenger. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166769. [PMID: 37263447 PMCID: PMC10776176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a naturally occurring xenobiotic that has been used as an investigational drug for over 50 years. Originally found to lower blood glucose levels and alter fat metabolism in diabetic rats, this small molecule was found to serve primarily as a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the catalyst for oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to produce acetyl coenzyme A. Several congenital and acquired disease states share a similar pathobiology with respect to glucose homeostasis under distress that leads to a preferential shift from the more efficient oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. By reversing this process, DCA can increase available energy and reduce lactic acidosis. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature surrounding this metabolic messenger as it presents exciting opportunities for future investigation and clinical application in therapy including cancer, metabolic disorders, cerebral ischemia, trauma, and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Schoenmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Tannenbaum
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ryan M Hodgeman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Raghavan Pillai Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.
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16
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Yu D, Tang X, Xue H, Ao Y, Xie Y, Li X. Paraneoplastic syndrome in malignant lymphoma: A case report. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18968. [PMID: 37636455 PMCID: PMC10458334 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy is a complication of advanced tumors. Lactic acidosis is also an extremely rare paraneoplastic syndrome of malignancy, and the presence of both usually indicates an extremely poor prognosis for the tumour. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and is also a common aggressive lymphoma. It is extremely rare for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma to develop both hypercalcaemia and severe lactic acidosis. In this article, we report a case of CD5 positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with hypercalcaemic crisis and persistent lactic acidosis, in which calcium was rapidly reduced to normal after rehydration, diuresis, calcitonin and zoledronate, and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). After correction of acidosis with sodium bicarbonate, diuresis, vitamin B1 and CRRT, the patient's lactate remained at a high level. The aim of this article is to analyse the experience of the combination of hypercalcaemia and intractable lactic acidosis, which should be considered as a serious electrolyte disorder possibly associated with abnormal metabolism of malignant tumors, and to identify and treat the primary lesion as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Yu
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, China
- Clinical College of Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, China
| | - Haoyue Xue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, China
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yongfeng Ao
- Clinical College of Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Yongpeng Xie
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, China
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, China
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, China
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17
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Aguilan JT, Pedrosa E, Dolstra H, Baykara RN, Barnes J, Zhang J, Sidoli S, Lachman HM. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics profiling in glutamatergic neurons and microglia in an iPSC model of Jansen de Vries Syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.08.548192. [PMID: 37461463 PMCID: PMC10350077 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.08.548192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Jansen de Vries Syndrome (JdVS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) caused by gain-of-function (GOF) truncating mutations in PPM1D exons 5 or 6. PPM1D is a serine/threonine phosphatase that plays an important role in the DNA damage response (DDR) by negatively regulating TP53 (P53). JdVS-associated mutations lead to the formation of a truncated PPM1D protein that retains catalytic activity and has a GOF effect because of reduced degradation. Somatic PPM1D exons 5 and 6 truncating mutations are well-established factors in a number of cancers, due to excessive dephosphorylation and reduced function of P53 and other substrates involved in DDR. Children with JdVS have a variety of neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and physical problems. In addition, a small fraction has acute neuropsychiatric decompensation apparently triggered by infection or severe non-infectious environmental stress factors. Methods To understand the molecular basis of JdVS, we developed an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model system. iPSCs heterozygous for the truncating variant (PPM1D+/tr), were made from a patient, and control lines engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Proteomics and phosphoprotemics analyses were carried out on iPSC-derived glutamatergic neurons and microglia from three control and three PPM1D+/tr iPSC lines. We also analyzed the effect of the TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide, to understand how activation of the innate immune system in microglia could account for acute behavioral decompensation. Results One of the major findings was the downregulation of POGZ in unstimulated microglia. Since loss-of-function variants in the POGZ gene are well-known causes of autism spectrum disorder, the decrease in PPM1D+/tr microglia suggests this plays a role in the neurodevelopmental aspects of JdVS. In addition, neurons, baseline, and LPS-stimulated microglia show marked alterations in the expression of several E3 ubiquitin ligases, most notably UBR4, and regulators of innate immunity, chromatin structure, ErbB signaling, and splicing. In addition, pathway analysis points to overlap with neurodegenerative disorders. Limitations Owing to the cost and labor-intensive nature of iPSC research, the sample size was small. Conclusions Our findings provide insight into the molecular basis of JdVS and can be extrapolated to understand neuropsychiatric decompensation that occurs in subgroups of patients with ASD and other NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Aguilan
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
| | - Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
| | - Hedwig Dolstra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
| | - Refia Nur Baykara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
| | - Jesse Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
| | - Herbert M. Lachman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY, 10461
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18
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Zhang X, Sarkar S, Ashokan A, Surnar B, Kolishetti N, Dhar S. All-in-One Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Inhibitor for Tracking, Targeting, and Enhanced Efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1122-1129. [PMID: 37279374 PMCID: PMC10903362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic preference of cells toward glycolysis often indicates a diseased state ranging from cancer to other dysfunctions. When a particular cell type utilizes glycolysis as a major energy production pathway, their mitochondria become impaired resulting a cascade of events which eventually contributes to resistance toward therapies to tackle such diseases. In abnormal tissues such as seen in the tumor microenvironment, when cancer cells utilize glycolysis, other cell types such as the immune cells switch their metabolism and prefer such glycolysis. As a result, utilization of therapies to destroy glycolytic preferences by cancer cells results in destruction of immune cells contributing toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. Thus, development of targeted, trackable, comparatively stable glycolysis inhibitors is urgently needed to manage diseases where glycolysis is preferred for disease progression. No glycolysis inhibitor exists which can be tracked and packaged in a delivery vehicle for efficient targeted deployment. Here, we report synthesis, characterization, and formulation of an all-in-one glycolysis inhibitor and document the therapeutic potential along with trackability and glycolysis inhibition of this inhibitor by utilizing an in vivo breast cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Shrita Sarkar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Akash Ashokan
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Bapurao Surnar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Shanta Dhar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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19
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Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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20
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McCall CE, Zhu X, Zabalawi M, Long D, Quinn MA, Yoza BK, Stacpoole PW, Vachharajani V. Sepsis, pyruvate, and mitochondria energy supply chain shortage. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1509-1514. [PMID: 35866365 PMCID: PMC9796618 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0322-692rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Balancing high energy-consuming danger resistance and low energy supply of disease tolerance is a universal survival principle that often fails during sepsis. Our research supports the concept that sepsis phosphorylates and deactivates mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex control over the tricarboxylic cycle and the electron transport chain. StimulatIng mitochondrial energetics in septic mice and human sepsis cell models can be achieved by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases with the pyruvate structural analog dichloroacetate. Stimulating the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by dichloroacetate reverses a disruption in the tricarboxylic cycle that induces itaconate, a key mediator of the disease tolerance pathway. Dichloroacetate treatment increases mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis, decreases oxidant stress, overcomes metabolic paralysis, regenerates tissue, organ, and innate and adaptive immune cells, and doubles the survival rate in a murine model of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. McCall
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - David Long
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Matthew A. Quinn
- Department of Pathology – Comparative MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Barbara K. Yoza
- Department of SurgeryWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Peter W. Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine and BiochemistryUniversity of Florida Medical SchoolGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Critical Care MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of CWRUClevelandOhioUSA
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21
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Ludikhuize MC, Gevers S, Nguyen NTB, Meerlo M, Roudbari SKS, Gulersonmez MC, Stigter ECA, Drost J, Clevers H, Burgering BMT, Rodríguez Colman MJ. Rewiring glucose metabolism improves 5-FU efficacy in p53-deficient/KRAS G12D glycolytic colorectal tumors. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1159. [PMID: 36316440 PMCID: PMC9622833 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the backbone for chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC), the response rates in patients is limited to 50%. The mechanisms underlying 5-FU toxicity are debated, limiting the development of strategies to improve its efficacy. How fundamental aspects of cancer, such as driver mutations and phenotypic heterogeneity, relate to the 5-FU response remains obscure. This largely relies on the limited number of studies performed in pre-clinical models able to recapitulate the key features of CRC. Here, we analyzed the 5-FU response in patient-derived organoids that reproduce the different stages of CRC. We find that 5-FU induces pyrimidine imbalance, which leads to DNA damage and cell death in the actively proliferating cancer cells deficient in p53. Importantly, p53-deficiency leads to cell death due to impaired cell cycle arrest. Moreover, we find that targeting the Warburg effect in KRASG12D glycolytic tumor organoids enhances 5-FU toxicity by further altering the nucleotide pool and, importantly, without affecting non-transformed WT cells. Thus, p53 emerges as an important factor in determining the 5-FU response, and targeting cancer metabolism in combination with replication stress-inducing chemotherapies emerges as a promising strategy for CRC treatment. In p53-deficient colorectal cancer organoids, 5-fluorouracil induces pyrimidine imbalance, which causes DNA damage and cell death. Rewiring glucose metabolism through PDK inhibition by DCA enhances 5-FU toxicity in glycolytic p53-deficient organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies C. Ludikhuize
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sira Gevers
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nguyen T. B. Nguyen
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Meerlo
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S. Khadijeh Shafiei Roudbari
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Can Gulersonmez
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin C. A. Stigter
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jarno Drost
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.499559.dOncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.499559.dOncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M. T. Burgering
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands ,grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J. Rodríguez Colman
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
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22
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Broxton CN, Kaur P, Lavorato M, Ganesh S, Xiao R, Mathew ND, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Anderson VE, Falk MJ. Dichloroacetate and thiamine improve survival and mitochondrial stress in a C. elegans model of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e156222. [PMID: 36278487 PMCID: PMC9714793 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) deficiency is a recessive mitochondrial disorder caused by depletion of DLD from α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. Caenorhabditis elegans animal models of DLD deficiency generated by graded feeding of dld-1(RNAi) revealed that full or partial reduction of DLD-1 expression recapitulated increased pyruvate levels typical of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and significantly altered animal survival and health, with reductions in brood size, adult length, and neuromuscular function. DLD-1 deficiency dramatically increased mitochondrial unfolded protein stress response induction and adaptive mitochondrial proliferation. While ATP levels were reduced, respiratory chain enzyme activities and in vivo mitochondrial membrane potential were not significantly altered. DLD-1 depletion directly correlated with the induction of mitochondrial stress and impairment of worm growth and neuromuscular function. The safety and efficacy of dichloroacetate, thiamine, riboflavin, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), l-carnitine, and lipoic acid supplemental therapies empirically used for human DLD disease were objectively evaluated by life span and mitochondrial stress response studies. Only dichloroacetate and thiamine showed individual and synergistic therapeutic benefits. Collectively, these C. elegans dld-1(RNAi) animal model studies demonstrate the translational relevance of preclinical modeling of disease mechanisms and therapeutic candidates. Results suggest that clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dichloroacetate and thiamine in human DLD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chynna N. Broxton
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manuela Lavorato
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Smruthi Ganesh
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Neal D. Mathew
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vernon E. Anderson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marni J. Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Deck M, Van Hameren G, Campbell G, Bernard-Marissal N, Devaux J, Berthelot J, Lattard A, Médard JJ, Gautier B, Guelfi S, Abbou S, Quintana P, Chao de la Barca JM, Reynier P, Lenaers G, Chrast R, Tricaud N. Physiology of PNS axons relies on glycolytic metabolism in myelinating Schwann cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272097. [PMID: 36194565 PMCID: PMC9531822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While lactate shuttle theory states that glial cells metabolize glucose into lactate to shuttle it to neurons, how glial cells support axonal metabolism and function remains unclear. Lactate production is a common occurrence following anaerobic glycolysis in muscles. However, several other cell types, including some stem cells, activated macrophages and tumor cells, can produce lactate in presence of oxygen and cellular respiration, using Pyruvate Kinase 2 (PKM2) to divert pyruvate to lactate dehydrogenase. We show here that PKM2 is also upregulated in myelinating Schwann cells (mSC) of mature mouse sciatic nerve versus postnatal immature nerve. Deletion of this isoform in PLP-expressing cells in mice leads to a deficit of lactate in mSC and in peripheral nerves. While the structure of myelin sheath was preserved, mutant mice developed a peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral nerve axons of mutant mice failed to maintain lactate homeostasis upon activity, resulting in an impaired production of mitochondrial ATP. Action potential propagation was not altered but axonal mitochondria transport was slowed down, muscle axon terminals retracted and motor neurons displayed cellular stress. Additional reduction of lactate availability through dichloroacetate treatment, which diverts pyruvate to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, further aggravated motor dysfunction in mutant mice. Thus, lactate production through PKM2 enzyme and aerobic glycolysis is essential in mSC for the long-term maintenance of peripheral nerve axon physiology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Deck
- INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (NT); (MD)
| | | | | | | | - Jérôme Devaux
- INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jade Berthelot
- INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alise Lattard
- INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Médard
- Departments of Clinical Neuroscience and Neuroscience, Karolinska Intitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benoît Gautier
- INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Guelfi
- INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Juan Manuel Chao de la Barca
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
- Equipe Mitolab, MITOVASC, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
- Equipe Mitolab, MITOVASC, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Equipe Mitolab, MITOVASC, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Roman Chrast
- Departments of Clinical Neuroscience and Neuroscience, Karolinska Intitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Tricaud
- I-Stem, UEVE/UPS U861, INSERM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- * E-mail: (NT); (MD)
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24
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The Comparative Experimental Study of Sodium and Magnesium Dichloroacetate Effects on Pediatric PBT24 and SF8628 Cell Glioblastoma Tumors Using a Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model and on Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810455. [PMID: 36142368 PMCID: PMC9499689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 inhibition with dichloroacetate (DCA) was explored as an alternative cancer therapy. The study’s aim was to compare the effectiveness of NaDCA and MgDCA on pediatric glioblastoma PBT24 and SF8628 tumors and cells. The treatment effects were evaluated on xenografts growth on a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. The PCNA, EZH2, p53, survivin expression in tumor, and the SLC12A2, SLC12A5, SLC5A8, CDH1, and CDH2 expression in cells were studied. The tumor groups were: control, cells treated with 10 mM and 5 mM of NaDCA, and 5 mM and 2.5 mM of MgDCA. The cells were also treated with 3 mM DCA. Both the 10 mM DCA preparations significantly reduced PBT24 and SF8624 tumor invasion rates, while 5 mM NaDCA reduced it only in the SF8628 tumors. The 5 mM MgDCA inhibited tumor-associated neoangiogenesis in PBT24; both doses of NaDCA inhibited tumor-associated neoangiogenesis in SF8628. The 10 mM DCA inhibited the expression of markers tested in PBT24 and SF8628 tumors, but the 5 mM DCA affect on their expression depended on the cation. The DCA treatment did not affect the SLC12A2, SLC12A5, and SLC5A8 expression in cells but increased CDH1 expression in SF8628. The tumor response to DCA at different doses indicated that a contrast between NaDCA and MgDCA effectiveness reflects the differences in the tested cells’ biologies.
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25
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Refining the Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases in Glioblastoma Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153769. [PMID: 35954433 PMCID: PMC9367285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) are the most frequent brain cancers. Aggressive growth and limited treatment options induce a median survival of 12–15 months. In addition to highly proliferative and invasive properties, GB cells show cancer-associated metabolic characteristics such as increased aerobic glycolysis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a key enzyme complex at the crossroads between lactic fermentation and oxidative pathways, finely regulated by PDH kinases (PDHKs). PDHKs are often overexpressed in cancer cells to facilitate high glycolytic flux. We hypothesized that targeting PDHKs, by disturbing cancer metabolic homeostasis, would alter GB progression and render cells vulnerable to additional cancer treatment. Using patient databases, distinct expression patterns of PDHK1 and PDHK2 in GB tissues were obvious. To disturb protumoral glycolysis, we modulated PDH activity through the genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PDHK in patient-derived stem-like spheroids. Striking effects of PDHKs inhibition using dichloroacetate were observed in vitro on cell morphology and metabolism, resulting in increased intracellular ROS levels and decreased proliferation and invasion. In vivo findings confirmed a reduction in tumor size and better survival of mice implanted with PDHK1 and PDHK2 knockout cells. Adding a radiotherapeutic protocol further resulted in a reduction in tumor size and improved mouse survival in our model.
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26
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Arnould H, Baudry A, Pietri M, Kellermann O, Launay JM, Schneider B. [Corruption of energy metabolism and neurodegeneration in prion diseases]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:643-645. [PMID: 36094231 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Arnould
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. - Inserm UMR-S1124, Paris, France
| | - Anne Baudry
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. - Inserm UMR-S1124, Paris, France
| | - Mathéa Pietri
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. - Inserm UMR-S1124, Paris, France
| | - Odile Kellermann
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. - Inserm UMR-S1124, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoit Schneider
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. - Inserm UMR-S1124, Paris, France
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27
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Lavorato M, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Mathew ND, Herman E, Shah NK, Haroon S, Xiao R, Seiler C, Falk MJ. Dichloroacetate improves mitochondrial function, physiology, and morphology in FBXL4 disease models. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156346. [PMID: 35881484 PMCID: PMC9462489 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the human F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 4 (FBXL4) gene result in an autosomal recessive, multisystemic, mitochondrial disorder involving variable mitochondrial depletion and respiratory chain complex deficiencies with lactic acidemia. As no FDA-approved effective therapies for this disease exist, we sought to characterize translational C. elegans and zebrafish animal models, as well as human fibroblasts, to study FBXL4–/– disease mechanisms and identify preclinical therapeutic leads. Developmental delay, impaired fecundity and neurologic and/or muscular activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered lactate metabolism were identified in fbxl-1(ok3741) C. elegans. Detailed studies of a PDHc activator, dichloroacetate (DCA), in fbxl-1(ok3741)C. elegans demonstrated its beneficial effects on fecundity, neuromotor activity, and mitochondrial function. Validation studies were performed in fbxl4sa12470 zebrafish larvae and in FBXL4–/– human fibroblasts; they showed DCA efficacy in preventing brain death, impairment of neurologic and/or muscular function, mitochondrial biochemical dysfunction, and stress-induced morphologic and ultrastructural mitochondrial defects. These data demonstrate that fbxl-1(ok3741) C. elegans and fbxl4sa12470 zebrafish provide robust translational models to study mechanisms and identify preclinical therapeutic candidates for FBXL4–/– disease. Furthermore, DCA is a lead therapeutic candidate with therapeutic benefit on diverse aspects of survival, neurologic and/or muscular function, and mitochondrial physiology that warrants rigorous clinical trial study in humans with FBXL4–/– disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lavorato
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Neal D Mathew
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Herman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Nina K Shah
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Suraiya Haroon
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Christoph Seiler
- Aquatics Core Facility, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Marni J Falk
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
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28
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Snitman SM, Mitton FM, Marina P, Maria C, Giuseppa B, Gavio MA, Sal Moyano MP. Effect of biological and anthropogenic habitat sounds on oxidative stress biomarkers and behavior in a key crab species. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109344. [PMID: 35417787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Soundscapes are characterized by a combination of natural and anthropogenic sounds. This study evaluated the stress effect of biological and anthropogenic sounds characterizing a Man and Biosphere UNESCO wetland, by assessing the protein content, oxidative biomarkers, and behavior of a key crab species (Neohelice granulata), through a tank-laboratory experiment. Biological sounds corresponded to predators of N. granulata (fish and crustacean stimuli), while anthropogenic ones belonged to motorboat passages (boat stimulus). Biochemical results showed differences depending on the sound stimuli used and the crab tissue analyzed. Protein content was higher in hemolymph when crabs were exposed to fish and boat stimuli, and in gills when exposed to boat stimulus. The enzymatic activity in hemolymph showed a decreased GST (fish stimulus) and CAT (fish and boat stimuli) activity, in hepatopancreas a higher GST (crustacean stimulus) and CAT (crustacean and boat stimuli) activity was found, and in gills a higher CAT activity was also observed (crustacean and boat stimuli). Lipid peroxidation was higher only in hemolymph (fish and crustacean stimuli). Protein oxidation was higher in gills (fish stimulus) and hepatopancreas (crustacean stimulus). Behavioral analysis demonstrated that the crab locomotion activity diminished when exposed to diverse sound stimuli. Thus, both sound sources caused physiological and behavioral stress in this species. The results contribute important data to be used in the development of management plans considering the habitat importance in terms of biodiversity, the ecosystem services provided and the role of the studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solana Morena Snitman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Francesca Maria Mitton
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N°1 Escollera Norte (B7602HSA), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Provenzal Marina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ceraulo Maria
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS)-CNR National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola, TP, Italy.
| | - Buscaino Giuseppa
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS)-CNR National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola, TP, Italy.
| | - María Andrea Gavio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - María Paz Sal Moyano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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29
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Oh TS, Zabalawi M, Jain S, Long D, Stacpoole PW, McCall CE, Quinn MA. Dichloroacetate improves systemic energy balance and feeding behavior during sepsis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153944. [PMID: 35730570 PMCID: PMC9309051 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to an infection. The metabolic aberrations associated with sepsis underly an acute and organism-wide hyperinflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction; however, crosstalk between systemic metabolomic alterations and metabolic reprogramming at organ levels remains unknown. We analyzed substrate utilization by the respiratory exchange ratio, energy expenditure, metabolomic screening, and transcriptional profiling in a cecal ligation and puncture model to show that sepsis increases circulating free fatty acids and acylcarnitines but decreases levels of amino acids and carbohydrates, leading to a drastic shift in systemic fuel preference. Comparative analysis of previously published metabolomics from septic liver indicated a positive correlation with hepatic and plasma metabolites during sepsis. In particular, glycine deficiency was a common abnormality of the plasma and liver during sepsis. Interrogation of the hepatic transcriptome in septic mice suggested that the septic liver may contribute to systemic glycine deficiency by downregulating genes involved in glycine synthesis. Interestingly, intraperitoneal injection of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor dichloroacetate reversed sepsis-induced anorexia, energy imbalance, inflammation, dyslipidemia, hypoglycemia, and glycine deficiency. Collectively, our data indicated that PDK inhibition rescued systemic energy imbalance and metabolic dysfunction in sepsis partly through restoration of hepatic fuel metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Seok Oh
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Long
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter W. Stacpoole
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles E. McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew A. Quinn
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, and,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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30
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Gonçalves SM, Ferreira AV, Cunha C, Carvalho A. Targeting immunometabolism in host-directed therapies to fungal disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:158-166. [PMID: 35641161 PMCID: PMC9188340 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections affect over a billion people and are responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths each year. Despite progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the management of severe fungal infections remains a challenge. Recently, the reprogramming of cellular metabolism has emerged as a central mechanism through which the effector functions of immune cells are supported to promote antifungal activity. An improved understanding of the immunometabolic signatures that orchestrate antifungal immunity, together with the dissection of the mechanisms that underlie heterogeneity in individual immune responses, may therefore unveil new targets amenable to adjunctive host-directed therapies. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the metabolic regulation of host-fungus interactions and antifungal immune responses, and outline targetable pathways and mechanisms with promising therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Anaísa V Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
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31
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Thabet NM, Abdel-Rafei MK, El-Sayyad GS, Elkodous MA, Shaaban A, Du YC, Rashed LA, Askar MA. Multifunctional nanocomposites DDMplusAF inhibit the proliferation and enhance the radiotherapy of breast cancer cells via modulating tumor-promoting factors and metabolic reprogramming. Cancer Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tumor-promoting factors (TPF) and metabolic reprogramming are hallmarks of cancer cell growth. This study is designed to combine the newly synthesized two nanocomposites DDM (HA-FA-2DG@DCA@MgO) and AF (HA-FA-Amygdaline@Fe2O3) with fractionated doses of radiotherapy (6 Gy-FDR; fractionated dose radiotherapy) to improve the efficiency of chemo-radiotherapy against breast cancer cell lines (BCCs; MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The physicochemical properties of each nanocomposite were confirmed using energy dispersive XRD, FTIR, HR-TEM, and SEM. The stability of DDMPlusAF was also examined, as well as its release and selective cellular uptake in response to acidic pH. A multiple-MTT assay was performed to evaluate the radiosensitivity of BCCs to DDMPlusAF at 3 Gy (single dose radiotherapy; SDR) and 6 Gy-FDR after 24, 48, and 72 h. Finally, the anti-cancer activity of DDMPlusAF with 6 Gy-FDR was investigated via assessing the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, the biochemical mediators (HIF-1α, TNF-α, IL-10, P53, PPAR-α, and PRMT-1), along with glycolytic pathway (glucose, HK, PDH, lactate, and ATP) as well as the signaling effectors (protein expression of AKT, AMPK, SIRT-1, TGF-β, PGC-1α, and gene expression of ERR-α) were determined in this study.
Results
The stability of DDMPlusAF was verified over 6 days without nanoparticle aggregation. DDMPlusAF release and selectivity data revealed that their release was amenable to the acidic pH of the cancer environment, and their selectivity was enhanced towards BCCs owing to CD44 and FR-α receptors-mediated uptake. After 24 h, DDMPlusAF boosted the BCC radiosensitivity to 6 Gy-FDR. Cell cycle arrest (G2/M and pre-G1), apoptosis induction, modulation of TPF mediators and signaling effectors, and suppression of aerobic glycolysis, all confirmed DDMPlusAF + 6 Gy’s anti-cancer activity.
Conclusions
It could be concluded that DDMPlusAF exerted a selective cancer radiosensitizing efficacy with targeted properties for TPF and metabolic reprogramming in BCCs therapy.
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32
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Muk T, Brunse A, Henriksen NL, Aasmul-Olsen K, Nguyen DN. Glucose supply and glycolysis inhibition shape the clinical fate of Staphylococcus epidermidis-infected preterm newborns. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157234. [PMID: 35503431 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are susceptible to bloodstream infection by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) that can lead to sepsis. High parenteral glucose supplement is commonly used to support their growth and energy expenditure, but may exceed endogenous regulation during infection, causing dysregulated immune response and clinical deterioration. Using a preterm piglet model of neonatal CONS sepsis induced by Staphylococcus epidermidis infection, we demonstrate the delicate interplay between immunity and glucose metabolism to regulate the host infection response. Circulating glucose levels, glycolysis and inflammatory response to infection are closely connected across the states of tolerance, resistance and immunoparalysis. Further, high parenteral glucose provision during infection induces hyperglycemia, elevated glycolysis and inflammation, leading to metabolic acidosis and sepsis, whereas glucose restricted individuals are clinically unaffected with increased gluconeogenesis to maintain moderate hypoglycemia. Finally, standard glucose supply maintaining normoglycemia or pharmacological glycolysis inhibition enhances bacterial clearance and dampens inflammation but fails to prevent sepsis. Our results uncover how blood glucose and glycolysis controls circulating immune responses, in turn determining the clinical fate of CONS infected preterm individuals. This questions the current practice of parenteral glucose supply for preterm infants during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tik Muk
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anders Brunse
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nicole L Henriksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Karoline Aasmul-Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Duc Ninh Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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33
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Navarro CDC, Francisco A, Figueira TR, Ronchi JA, Oliveira HCF, Vercesi AE, Castilho RF. Dichloroacetate reactivates pyruvate-supported peroxide removal by liver mitochondria and prevents NAFLD aggravation in NAD(P) + transhydrogenase-null mice consuming a high-fat diet. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174750. [PMID: 35032488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) appear to involve liver mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance. The functional loss of the enzyme NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase, a main source of mitochondrial NADPH, results in impaired mitochondrial peroxide removal, pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibition by phosphorylation, and progression of NAFLD in HFD-fed mice. The present study aimed to investigate whether pharmacological reactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by dichloroacetate attenuates the mitochondrial redox dysfunction and the development of NAFLD in NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase-null (Nnt-/-) mice fed an HFD (60% of total calories from fat). For this purpose, Nnt-/- mice and their congenic controls (Nnt+/+) were fed chow or an HFD for 20 weeks and received sodium dichloroacetate or NaCl in the final 12 weeks via drinking water. The results showed that HFD reduced the ability of isolated liver mitochondria from Nnt-/- mice to remove peroxide, which was prevented by the dichloroacetate treatment. HFD-fed mice of both Nnt genotypes exhibited increased body and liver mass, as well as a higher content of hepatic triglycerides, but dichloroacetate treatment attenuated these abnormalities only in Nnt-/- mice. Notably, dichloroacetate treatment decreased liver pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation levels and prevented the aggravation of NAFLD in HFD-fed Nnt-/- mice. Conversely, dichloroacetate treatment elicited moderate hepatocyte ballooning in chow-fed mice, suggesting potentially toxic effects. We conclude that the protection against HFD-induced NAFLD by dichloroacetate is associated with its role in reactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase and reestablishing the pyruvate-supported liver mitochondrial capacity to handle peroxide in Nnt-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D C Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil.
| | - Annelise Francisco
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil
| | - Tiago R Figueira
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-907, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Ronchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil
| | - Helena C F Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Anibal E Vercesi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil
| | - Roger F Castilho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil.
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Restricting tumor lactic acid metabolism using dichloroacetate improves T cell functions. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:39. [PMID: 34991504 PMCID: PMC8734242 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactic acid produced by tumors has been shown to overcome immune surveillance, by suppressing the activation and function of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The strategies employed to impair tumor cell glycolysis could improve immunosurveillance and tumor growth regulation. Dichloroacetate (DCA) limits the tumor-derived lactic acid by altering the cancer cell metabolism. In this study, the effects of lactic acid on the activation and function of T cells, were analyzed by assessing T cell proliferation, cytokine production and the cellular redox state of T cells. We examined the redox system in T cells by analyzing the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide and glutathione and gene expression of some proteins that have a role in the redox system. Then we co-cultured DCA-treated tumor cells with T cells to examine the effect of reduced tumor-derived lactic acid on proliferative response, cytokine secretion and viability of T cells. Result We found that lactic acid could dampen T cell function through suppression of T cell proliferation and cytokine production as well as restrain the redox system of T cells by decreasing the production of oxidant and antioxidant molecules. DCA decreased the concentration of tumor lactic acid by manipulating glucose metabolism in tumor cells. This led to increases in T cell proliferation and cytokine production and also rescued the T cells from apoptosis. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest accumulation of lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment restricts T cell responses and could prevent the success of T cell therapy. DCA supports anti-tumor responses of T cells by metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09151-2.
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Joseph S, Li M, Zhang S, Horne L, Stacpoole PW, Wohlgemuth SE, Edison AS, Wood C, Keller-Wood M. Sodium dichloroacetate stimulates cardiac mitochondrial metabolism and improves cardiac conduction in the ovine fetus during labor. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R83-R98. [PMID: 34851727 PMCID: PMC8791792 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00185.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory have suggested that the increase in stillbirth in pregnancies complicated by chronic maternal stress or hypercortisolemia is associated with cardiac dysfunction in late stages of labor and delivery. Transcriptomics analysis of the overly represented differentially expressed genes in the fetal heart of hypercortisolemic ewes indicated involvement of mitochondrial function. Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) has been used to improve mitochondrial function in several disease states. We hypothesized that administration of DCA to laboring ewes would improve both cardiac mitochondrial activity and cardiac function in their fetuses. Four groups of ewes and their fetuses were studied: control, cortisol-infused (1 g/kg/day from 115 to term; CORT), DCA-treated (over 24 h), and DCA + CORT-treated; oxytocin was delivered starting 48 h before the DCA treatment. DCA significantly decreased cardiac lactate, alanine, and glucose/glucose-6-phosphate and increased acetylcarnitine/isobutyryl-carnitine. DCA increased mitochondrial activity, increasing oxidative phosphorylation (PCI, PCI + II) per tissue weight or per unit of citrate synthase. DCA also decreased the duration of the QRS, attenuating the prolongation of the QRS observed in CORT fetuses. The effect to reduce QRS duration with DCA treatment correlated with increased glycerophosphocholine and serine and decreased phosphorylcholine after DCA treatment. There were negative correlations of acetylcarnitine/isobutyryl-carnitine to both heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). These results suggest that improvements in mitochondrial respiration with DCA produced changes in the cardiac lipid metabolism that favor improved conduction in the heart. DCA may therefore be an effective treatment of fetal cardiac metabolic disturbances in labor that can contribute to impairments of fetal cardiac conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene Joseph
- 1Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mengchen Li
- 2Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sicong Zhang
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Lloyd Horne
- 4Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter. W. Stacpoole
- 4Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth
- 5Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Arthur S. Edison
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Charles Wood
- 2Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maureen Keller-Wood
- 1Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida
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Arnould H, Baudouin V, Baudry A, Ribeiro LW, Ardila-Osorio H, Pietri M, Caradeuc C, Soultawi C, Williams D, Alvarez M, Crozet C, Djouadi F, Laforge M, Bertho G, Kellermann O, Launay JM, Schmitt-Ulms G, Schneider B. Loss of prion protein control of glucose metabolism promotes neurodegeneration in model of prion diseases. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009991. [PMID: 34610054 PMCID: PMC8519435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corruption of cellular prion protein (PrPC) function(s) at the plasma membrane of neurons is at the root of prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and its variant in humans, and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathies, better known as mad cow disease, in cattle. The roles exerted by PrPC, however, remain poorly elucidated. With the perspective to grasp the molecular pathways of neurodegeneration occurring in prion diseases, and to identify therapeutic targets, achieving a better understanding of PrPC roles is a priority. Based on global approaches that compare the proteome and metabolome of the PrPC expressing 1C11 neuronal stem cell line to those of PrPnull-1C11 cells stably repressed for PrPC expression, we here unravel that PrPC contributes to the regulation of the energetic metabolism by orienting cells towards mitochondrial oxidative degradation of glucose. Through its coupling to cAMP/protein kinase A signaling, PrPC tones down the expression of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4). Such an event favors the transfer of pyruvate into mitochondria and its conversion into acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and, thereby, limits fatty acids β-oxidation and subsequent onset of oxidative stress conditions. The corruption of PrPC metabolic role by pathogenic prions PrPSc causes in the mouse hippocampus an imbalance between glucose oxidative degradation and fatty acids β-oxidation in a PDK4-dependent manner. The inhibition of PDK4 extends the survival of prion-infected mice, supporting that PrPSc-induced deregulation of PDK4 activity and subsequent metabolic derangements contribute to prion diseases. Our study posits PDK4 as a potential therapeutic target to fight against prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Arnould
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Baudouin
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Anne Baudry
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Luiz W. Ribeiro
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | | | - Mathéa Pietri
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Caradeuc
- CNRS, UMR 8601, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR 8601, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Soultawi
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Declan Williams
- University of Toronto, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Canada
| | - Marjorie Alvarez
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Carole Crozet
- IRMB, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fatima Djouadi
- INSERM, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Laforge
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Gildas Bertho
- CNRS, UMR 8601, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR 8601, Paris, France
| | - Odile Kellermann
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR942, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
- Pharma Research Department, Hoffmann La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- University of Toronto, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Canada
| | - Benoit Schneider
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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37
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van Doorn CLR, Schouten GK, van Veen S, Walburg KV, Esselink JJ, Heemskerk MT, Vrieling F, Ottenhoff THM. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Inhibitor Dichloroacetate Improves Host Control of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:739938. [PMID: 34552598 PMCID: PMC8450447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Global increases in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance highlight the urgent need for novel strategies to combat infectious diseases. Recent studies suggest that host metabolic pathways play a key role in host control of intracellular bacterial pathogens. In this study we explored the potential of targeting host metabolic pathways for innovative host-directed therapy (HDT) against intracellular bacterial infections. Through gene expression profiling in human macrophages, pyruvate metabolism was identified as potential key pathway involved in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Stm) infections. Next, the effect of targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) - which are regulators of the metabolic checkpoint pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) - on macrophage function and bacterial control was studied. Chemical inhibition of PDKs by dichloroacetate (DCA) induced PDC activation and was accompanied with metabolic rewiring in classically activated macrophages (M1) but not in alternatively activated macrophages (M2), suggesting cell-type specific effects of dichloroacetate on host metabolism. Furthermore, DCA treatment had minor impact on cytokine and chemokine secretion on top of infection, but induced significant ROS production by M1 and M2. DCA markedly and rapidly reduced intracellular survival of Stm, but interestingly not Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in human macrophages in a host-directed manner. In conclusion, DCA represents a promising novel HDT compound targeting pyruvate metabolism for the treatment of Stm infections.
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Targeting Glucose Metabolism of Cancer Cells with Dichloroacetate to Radiosensitize High-Grade Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7265. [PMID: 34298883 PMCID: PMC8305417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147265;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As the cornerstone of high-grade glioma (HGG) treatment, radiotherapy temporarily controls tumor cells via inducing oxidative stress and subsequent DNA breaks. However, almost all HGGs recur within months. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance, so that novel strategies can be developed to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy. While currently poorly understood, radioresistance appears to be predominantly driven by altered metabolism and hypoxia. Glucose is a central macronutrient, and its metabolism is rewired in HGG cells, increasing glycolytic flux to produce energy and essential metabolic intermediates, known as the Warburg effect. This altered metabolism in HGG cells not only supports cell proliferation and invasiveness, but it also contributes significantly to radioresistance. Several metabolic drugs have been used as a novel approach to improve the radiosensitivity of HGGs, including dichloroacetate (DCA), a small molecule used to treat children with congenital mitochondrial disorders. DCA reverses the Warburg effect by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases, which subsequently activates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation at the expense of glycolysis. This effect is thought to block the growth advantage of HGGs and improve the radiosensitivity of HGG cells. This review highlights the main features of altered glucose metabolism in HGG cells as a contributor to radioresistance and describes the mechanism of action of DCA. Furthermore, we will summarize recent advances in DCA's pre-clinical and clinical studies as a radiosensitizer and address how these scientific findings can be translated into clinical practice to improve the management of HGG patients.
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39
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Cook KM, Shen H, McKelvey KJ, Gee HE, Hau E. Targeting Glucose Metabolism of Cancer Cells with Dichloroacetate to Radiosensitize High-Grade Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147265. [PMID: 34298883 PMCID: PMC8305417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the cornerstone of high-grade glioma (HGG) treatment, radiotherapy temporarily controls tumor cells via inducing oxidative stress and subsequent DNA breaks. However, almost all HGGs recur within months. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance, so that novel strategies can be developed to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy. While currently poorly understood, radioresistance appears to be predominantly driven by altered metabolism and hypoxia. Glucose is a central macronutrient, and its metabolism is rewired in HGG cells, increasing glycolytic flux to produce energy and essential metabolic intermediates, known as the Warburg effect. This altered metabolism in HGG cells not only supports cell proliferation and invasiveness, but it also contributes significantly to radioresistance. Several metabolic drugs have been used as a novel approach to improve the radiosensitivity of HGGs, including dichloroacetate (DCA), a small molecule used to treat children with congenital mitochondrial disorders. DCA reverses the Warburg effect by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases, which subsequently activates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation at the expense of glycolysis. This effect is thought to block the growth advantage of HGGs and improve the radiosensitivity of HGG cells. This review highlights the main features of altered glucose metabolism in HGG cells as a contributor to radioresistance and describes the mechanism of action of DCA. Furthermore, we will summarize recent advances in DCA’s pre-clinical and clinical studies as a radiosensitizer and address how these scientific findings can be translated into clinical practice to improve the management of HGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Cook
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.S.); (K.J.M.); (H.E.G.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-286274858
| | - Han Shen
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.S.); (K.J.M.); (H.E.G.); (E.H.)
- Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Kelly J. McKelvey
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.S.); (K.J.M.); (H.E.G.); (E.H.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St. Leonards 2065, Australia
| | - Harriet E. Gee
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.S.); (K.J.M.); (H.E.G.); (E.H.)
- Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, Australia
- Sydney West Radiation Oncology Network, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Eric Hau
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.S.); (K.J.M.); (H.E.G.); (E.H.)
- Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, Australia
- Sydney West Radiation Oncology Network, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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PDK2: An Underappreciated Regulator of Liver Metabolism. LIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/livers1020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate metabolism is critical for all mammalian cells. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex couples the pyruvate formed as the primary product of glycolysis to the formation of acetyl-CoA required as the primary substrate of the citric acid cycle. Dysregulation of this coupling contributes to alterations in metabolic flexibility in obesity, diabetes, cancer, and more. The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase family of isozymes phosphorylate and inactive the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the mitochondria. This function makes them critical mediators of mitochondrial metabolism and drug targets in a number of disease states. The liver expresses multiple PDKs, predominantly PDK1 and PDK2 in the fed state and PDK1, PDK2, and PDK4 in the starved and diabetic states. PDK4 undergoes substantial transcriptional regulation in response to a diverse array of stimuli in most tissues. PDK2 has received less attention than PDK4 potentially due to the dramatic changes in transcriptional gene regulation. However, PDK2 is more responsive than the other PDKs to feedforward and feedback regulation by substrates and products of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Although underappreciated, this makes PDK2 particularly important for the minute-to-minute fine control of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and a major contributor to metabolic flexibility. The purpose of this review is to characterize the underappreciated role of PDK2 in liver metabolism. We will focus on known biological actions and physiological roles as well as what roles PDK2 may play in disease states. We will also define current inhibitors and address their potential as therapeutic agents in the future.
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41
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Cha JW, Jin X, Jo S, An YJ, Park S. Metabolic mechanisms of a drug revealed by distortion-free 13C tracer analysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4958-4962. [PMID: 34168765 PMCID: PMC8179602 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06480g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic isotopic tracing can provide flux information useful for understanding drug mechanisms. For that, NMR has the unique advantage of giving positional isotope enrichment information, but the current 13C 1D NMR approach suffers from low sensitivity and high overlaps. We developed a new 2D heteronuclear NMR experiment incorporating J-scaling and distortion-free elements that allows for quantitative analysis of multiplets with high sensitivity and resolution. When applied to an old chemotherapeutic drug, the approach provided a quantitative estimation of TCA-cycle turns, confirming the conventional mechanism of its mitochondrial metabolic enhancement. Additionally, the approach identified a new mechanism of the higher contribution of the pentose phosphate pathway to serine synthesis in the cytosolic compartment, possibly explaining the broad pharmacological activities of the drug. Our approach may prove beneficial in helping to find new usages or metabolic mechanisms of other drugs. Our approach provides high-resolution and distortion-free NMR for metabolic tracer analysis. It confirmed the conventional mechanism of dichloroacetate and suggested a new one involving an enhanced contribution of PPP to cytosolic serine synthesis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products Gangneung 25451 Korea
| | - Xing Jin
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Sihyang Jo
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Yong Jin An
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
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Rajagopal K, Bryant AJ, Sahay S, Wareing N, Zhou Y, Pandit LM, Karmouty-Quintana H. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: Heracles meets the Hydra. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:172-186. [PMID: 32128790 PMCID: PMC7910027 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease where the additional presence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) reduces survival. In particular, the presence of coexistent pulmonary vascular disease in patients with advanced lung parenchymal disease results in worse outcomes than either diagnosis alone. This is true with respect to the natural histories of these diseases, outcomes with medical therapies, and even outcomes following lung transplantation. Consequently, there is a striking need for improved treatments for PH in the setting of IPF. In this review, we summarize existing therapies from the perspective of molecular mechanisms underlying lung fibrosis and vasoconstriction/vascular remodelling and discuss potential future targets for pharmacotherapy. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava Rajagopal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew J. Bryant
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sandeep Sahay
- Houston Methodist Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Nancy Wareing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Zhou
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lavannya M. Pandit
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine–Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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43
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Abstract
The development of vaccines is one of the greatest medical interventions in the history of global infectious diseases and has contributed to the annual saving of at least 2 to 3 million lives worldwide. However, many diseases are not preventable through currently available vaccines, and the potential of modulating the immune response during vaccination has not been fully exploited. The first golden age of vaccines was based on the germ theory and the use of live, attenuated, inactivated pathogens or toxins. New strategies and formulations (e.g., adjuvants) with an immunomodulatory capacity to enhance the protective qualities and duration of vaccines have been incompletely exploited. These strategies can prevent disease and improve protection against infectious diseases, modulate the course of some noncommunicable diseases, and increase the immune responses of patients at a high risk of infection, such as the elderly or immunocompromised patients. In this minireview, we focus on how metabolic and epigenetic modulators can amplify and enhance the function of immunity in a given vaccine. We propose the term “amplifier” for such additives, and we pose that future vaccines will have three components: antigen, adjuvant, and amplifier.
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Sodium dichloroacetate attenuates the growth of B16-F10 melanoma in vitro and in vivo: an opportunity for drug repurposing. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 32:111-116. [PMID: 33395068 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) is a metabolic regulator used to treat diabetes. Since DCA inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, decreasing lactic acid formation, it can reverse the Warburg effect in cancer cells, promoting apoptosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential of DCA as a drug repurposing candidate for the treatment of melanoma. For the in-vitro assay, murine B16-F10 melanoma cells were treated with 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 or 50 mM DCA for 3 days, analyzed with the crystal violet method. The in-vivo effect of DCA was evaluated in B16-F10 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice treated with different doses of DCA (0, 25, 75 or 150 mg/kg) by gavage for 10 days, followed by measurement of tumor volume. Upon necropsy, representative slices of lung, liver, kidney, spleen and intestine were collected, processed and submitted for histopathological examination. The DCA concentrations of 10, 20 and 50 mM reduced B16-F10 cell viability after 48 and 72 h of treatment, whereas 20 and 50 mM were effective after 24 h of treatment. A significant reduction in tumor growth was observed in B16-F10 melanoma bearing mice at all doses, with no change in body weight or histology. DCA attenuates the growth of B16-F10 melanoma in vitro and in vivo, without systemic toxic effects. Therefore, DCA is a candidate for drug repurposing against melanomas.
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Dichloroacetate Radiosensitizes Hypoxic Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249367. [PMID: 33316932 PMCID: PMC7763818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Reprogramming metabolic pathways can potentially sensitize tumors with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a specific inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which leads to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS are the primary effector molecules of radiation and an increase hereof will enhance the radioresponse. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DCA and radiotherapy on two TNBC cell lines, namely EMT6 and 4T1, under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. As expected, DCA treatment decreased phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and lowered both extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and lactate production. Remarkably, DCA treatment led to a significant increase in ROS production (up to 15-fold) in hypoxic cancer cells but not in aerobic cells. Consistently, DCA radiosensitized hypoxic tumor cells and 3D spheroids while leaving the intrinsic radiosensitivity of the tumor cells unchanged. Our results suggest that although described as an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-promoting drug, DCA can also increase hypoxic radioresponses. This study therefore paves the way for the targeting of mitochondrial metabolism of hypoxic cancer cells, in particular to combat radioresistance.
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Al-Harbi SA, Al-Saidi HM, Debbabi KF, Allehyani ES, Alqorashi AA, Emara AA. Design and anti-tumor evaluation of new platinum(II) and copper(II) complexes of nitrogen compounds containing selenium moieties. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Changes in gene expression of lactate carriers (MCT1 and CD147) in cardiac muscle of diabetic male rats: the effect of dichloroacetate and endurance training. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abulizi A, Cardone RL, Stark R, Lewandowski SL, Zhao X, Hillion J, Ma L, Sehgal R, Alves TC, Thomas C, Kung C, Wang B, Siebel S, Andrews ZB, Mason GF, Rinehart J, Merrins MJ, Kibbey RG. Multi-Tissue Acceleration of the Mitochondrial Phosphoenolpyruvate Cycle Improves Whole-Body Metabolic Health. Cell Metab 2020; 32:751-766.e11. [PMID: 33147485 PMCID: PMC7679013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial GTP (mtGTP)-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) cycle couples mitochondrial PEPCK (PCK2) to pyruvate kinase (PK) in the liver and pancreatic islets to regulate glucose homeostasis. Here, small molecule PK activators accelerated the PEP cycle to improve islet function, as well as metabolic homeostasis, in preclinical rodent models of diabetes. In contrast, treatment with a PK activator did not improve insulin secretion in pck2-/- mice. Unlike other clinical secretagogues, PK activation enhanced insulin secretion but also had higher insulin content and markers of differentiation. In addition to improving insulin secretion, acute PK activation short-circuited gluconeogenesis to reduce endogenous glucose production while accelerating red blood cell glucose turnover. Four-week delivery of a PK activator in vivo remodeled PK phosphorylation, reduced liver fat, and improved hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed rats. These data provide a preclinical rationale for PK activation to accelerate the PEP cycle to improve metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca L Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Romana Stark
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sophie L Lewandowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joelle Hillion
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lingjun Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Raghav Sehgal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tiago C Alves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Craig Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, and Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Bei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stephan Siebel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Graeme F Mason
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jesse Rinehart
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Squirewell EJ, Mareus R, Horne LP, Stacpoole PW, James MO. Exposure of Rats to Multiple Oral Doses of Dichloroacetate Results in Upregulation of Hepatic Glutathione Transferases and NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase [Quinone] 1. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1224-1230. [PMID: 32873592 PMCID: PMC7589945 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational drug that is used in the treatment of various congenital and acquired disorders of energy metabolism. Although DCA is generally well tolerated, some patients experience peripheral neuropathy, a side effect more common in adults than children. Repetitive DCA dosing causes downregulation of its metabolizing enzyme, glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), which is also critical in the detoxification of maleylacetoacetate and maleylacetone. GSTZ1 (-/-) knockout mice show upregulation of glutathione transferases (GSTs) and antioxidant enzymes as well as an increase in the ratio of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting GSTZ1 deficiency causes oxidative stress. We hypothesized that DCA-mediated depletion of GSTZ1 causes oxidative stress and used the rat to examine induction of GSTs and antioxidant enzymes after repeated DCA exposure. We determined the expression of alpha, mu, pi, and omega class GSTs, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1), gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase complex (GCLC), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). GSH and GSSG levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Enzyme activity was measured in hepatic cytosol using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, and 2,6-dichloroindophenol as substrates. In comparison with acetate-treated controls, DCA dosing increased the relative expression of GSTA1/A2 irrespective of rodent age, whereas only adults displayed higher levels of GSTM1 and GSTO1. NQO1 expression and activity were higher in juveniles after DCA dosing. GSH concentrations were increased by DCA in adults, but the GSH:GSSG ratio was not changed. Levels of GCLC and GSS were higher and lower, respectively, in adults treated with DCA. We conclude that DCA-mediated depletion of GSTZ1 causes oxidative stress and promotes the induction of antioxidant enzymes that may vary between age groups. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Treatment with the investigational drug, dichloroacetate (DCA), results in loss of glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) and subsequent increases in body burden of the electrophilic tyrosine metabolites, maleylacetoacetate and maleylacetone. Loss of GSTZ1 in genetically modified mice is associated with induction of glutathione transferases and alteration of the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione. Therefore, we determined whether pharmacological depletion of GSTZ1 through repeat administration of DCA produced similar changes in the liver, which could affect responses to other drugs and toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Squirewell
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., R.M., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ricky Mareus
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., R.M., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lloyd P Horne
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., R.M., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., R.M., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Margaret O James
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., R.M., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Squirewell EJ, Smeltz MG, Rowland-Faux L, Horne LP, Stacpoole PW, James MO. Effects of Multiple Doses of Dichloroacetate on GSTZ1 Expression and Activity in Liver and Extrahepatic Tissues of Young and Adult Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1217-1223. [PMID: 32873593 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), expressed in liver and several extrahepatic tissues, catalyzes dechlorination of dichloroacetate (DCA) to glyoxylate. DCA inactivates GSTZ1, leading to autoinhibition of its metabolism. DCA is an investigational drug for treating several congenital and acquired disorders of mitochondrial energy metabolism, including cancer. The main adverse effect of DCA, reversible peripheral neuropathy, is more common in adults treated long-term than in children, who metabolize DCA more quickly after multiple doses. One dose of DCA to Sprague Dawley rats reduced GSTZ1 expression and activity more in liver than in extrahepatic tissues; however, the effects of multiple doses of DCA that mimic its therapeutic use have not been studied. Here, we examined the expression and activity of GSTZ1 in cytosol and mitochondria of liver, kidney, heart, and brain 24 hours after completion of 8-day oral dosing of 100 mg/kg per day sodium DCA to juvenile and adult Sprague Dawley rats. Activity was measured with DCA and with 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane (EPNPP), reported to be a GSTZ1-selective substrate. In DCA-treated rats, liver retained higher expression and activity of GSTZ1 with DCA than other tissues, irrespective of rodent age. DCA-treated juvenile rats retained more GSTZ1 activity with DCA than adults. Consistent with this finding, there was less measurable DCA in tissues of juvenile than adult rats. DCA-treated rats retained activity with EPNPP, despite losing over 98% of GSTZ1 protein. These data provide insight into the differences between children and adults in DCA elimination under a therapeutic regimen and confirm that the liver contributes more to DCA metabolism than other tissues. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Dichloroacetate (DCA) is one of few drugs exhibiting higher clearance from children than adults, after repeated doses, for reasons that are unclear. We hypothesized that juveniles retain more glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) than adults in tissues after multiple DCA doses and found this was the case for liver and kidney, with rat as a model to assess GSTZ1 protein expression and activity with DCA. Although 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane was reported to be a selective GSTZ1 substrate, its activity was not reduced in concert with GSTZ1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Squirewell
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., M.G.S., L.R.-F., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marci G Smeltz
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., M.G.S., L.R.-F., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Laura Rowland-Faux
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., M.G.S., L.R.-F., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lloyd P Horne
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., M.G.S., L.R.-F., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., M.G.S., L.R.-F., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Margaret O James
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (E.J.S., M.G.S., L.R.-F., M.O.J.), Medicine (L.P.H., P.W.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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