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Yoo M, Wang JS, Park SJ, Cha JO, Jung Y, Chung YS, Han MG, Choi BS, Kim SS, Kee MK. Characteristics of recent HIV infection among individuals newly diagnosed as HIV-positive in South Korea (2008-2015). Sci Rep 2022; 12:10515. [PMID: 35732657 PMCID: PMC9217788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Most HIV-positive individuals diagnosed in Korea are infected through sexual contact, with the time of HIV infection therefore often being unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of diagnosed patients near the time of HIV seroconversion to establish useful HIV intervention strategies. Cross-sectional study. Newly diagnosed HIV cases based on the national HIV surveillance system in South Korea, 2008-2015. To distinguish recent from long-standing HIV infection among 5898 nationwide HIV-positive specimens, limiting antigen avidity assays (Sedia HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA, cut-off = 1.5) were performed. Data on CD4+ T cell count at HIV diagnosis and death from AIDS within one year after first HIV diagnosis were used to distinguish recent HIV infections. Acute HIV infection is characterized by detectable HIV RNA or HIV p24 antigen levels, along with a negative or indeterminate antibody western blot result, but with the subject subsequently testing positive after a predetermined period. We analyzed the characteristics of recent and acute HIV infections by sex, age, nationality, HIV testing site, region, and reason for HIV testing. Recent and acute HIV infections were described as the proportion of recent and acute HIV infections among newly-diagnosed cases in a given year. Recent and acute HIV infections over the 8-year study period were 20.5% (1210/5898) and 9.5% (562/5898), respectively. Both infections were generally higher in the following groups: males, younger age, Koreans, individuals who were tested due to disease, residents of smaller city or rural area, and individuals diagnosed in recent calendar years. Acute infections were significantly higher among individuals tested in hospitals and due to suspected HIV infection. The recent and acute HIV infection in younger age groups (< 30 years) has been increasing in a given year. There was an increase in the proportion of young individuals with recent HIV infection, and we identified risk groups more at risk of HIV infection recently in Korea. Therefore, our results could prove useful for the development and assessment of national HIV prevention strategies in Korea and provide valuable data for further HIV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Yoo
- Division of Clinical Research, Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Director General for Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Wang
- Division of Viral Disease, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Viral Disease, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ok Cha
- Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Control, Center for Disease Prevention, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Jung
- Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Control, Center for Disease Prevention, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chung
- Division of Viral Disease, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Honam Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Guk Han
- Division of Viral Disease, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Sun Choi
- Division of Viral Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chronic Viral Diseases, Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soon Kim
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Center for Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Kyung Kee
- Division of Viral Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Moon HW, Huh HJ, Oh GY, Lee SG, Lee A, Yun YM, Hur M. Evaluation of the Bio-Rad Geenius HIV 1/2 Confirmation Assay as an Alternative to Western Blot in the Korean Population: A Multi-Center Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139169. [PMID: 26422281 PMCID: PMC4589337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently updated recommendations for diagnosis of HIV infection suggest a new diagnostic algorithm including HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay instead of western blot (WB) as a confirmatory testing. We evaluated Bio-Rad Geenius HIV1/2 confirmation assay as a simple and reliable alternative to WB in the Korean population with low HIV prevalence. The Geenius HIV1/2 was performed in a total of 192 serum specimens (140 reactive and 52 nonreactive specimens by ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay) that were prospectively collected from five institutions. HIV-1 nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) was performed in negative or indeterminate specimens by Geenius HIV1/2 or WB. Among 140 reactive specimens by HIV Ag/Ab assay, 82 (58.6%) were positive for HIV-1 Ab by Geenius HIV1/2. Among 58 negative or indeterminate specimens by Geenius HIV1/2, four specimens (6.9%) were positive by HIV-1 NAT. The sensitivity and specificity of Geenius HIV1/2 were 95.3% and 100.0%, respectively. When we considered only WB, the sensitivity and specificity of Geenius HIV1/2 were 100.0% and 99.1%, respectively. Agreement between Geenius HIV1/2 and WB was excellent (weighted Kappa = 0.89). The Geenius HIV1/2 is simple and time-saving compared with WB. It has an excellent performance and can be a reliable alternative to WB. HIV-1 NAT should be performed in negative or indeterminate specimens by Geenius HIV1/2 to detect acute HIV infection as recommended in new HIV testing algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Won Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | | | | | - Anna Lee
- Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yeo-Min Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mina Hur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee S, Chung YS, Yoon CH, Shin Y, Kim S, Choi BS, Kim SS. Interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is associated with viremia of early HIV-1 infection in Korean patients. J Med Virol 2015; 87:782-9. [PMID: 25678246 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines/chemokines play key roles in modulating disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although it is known that early HIV-1 infection is associated with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, the relationship between cytokine levels and HIV-1 pathogenesis is not clear. The concentrations of 18 cytokines/chemokines in 30 HIV-1 negative and 208 HIV-1 positive plasma samples from Korean patients were measured by the Luminex system. Early HIV-1 infection was classified according to the Fiebig stage (FS) based on the characteristics of the patients infected with HIV-1. Concentrations of interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and regulated upon activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) were increased significantly during the early stage of HIV-1 infection (FS II-IV) compared with the HIV-1-negative group. Of these cytokines, an elevated level of IP-10 was the only factor to be correlated positively with a higher viral load during the early stages of HIV-1 infection (FS II-IV) in Koreans (R = 0.52, P < 0.0005). Therefore, these results suggest that IP-10 may be an indicator for HIV-1 viremia and associated closely with viral replication in patients with early HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoYong Lee
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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