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Taha NF, Dyab AK, Emara LH, Meligi NM. Microencapsulation of Diclofenac Sodium into natural Lycopodium clavatum spores: In vitro release and gastro-ulcerogenic evaluations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Son NT, Manh Ha N. Siamese, Indian, and Brazilian Rosewoods: A Review on Phytochemistry, Applications, and Pharmacology. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221096962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, the current review fully provides information on the phytochemicals, applications, and pharmacological aspects relating to 3 Dalbergia species, Siamese Rosewood ( Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness.), Indian Rosewood ( D sissoo Roxb.), and Brazilian Rosewood ( D nigra (Vell.) Benth.). Based on chromatographic separation, phytochemical studies on these plants have, to date, resulted in the isolation and structural elucidation of 136 secondary metabolites. Among them, flavonoids and simple phenols are major components, whereas terpenoids, quinones, benzofurans, benzophenols, phytosterols, stilbenes, phthalates, xanthones, and lignans have been also detected. Dalbergia rosewoods are heavy and strong, taking an outstanding polish, and are very suitable for furniture. They are also used as natural dyes, raw materials for removing contaminants from water, and might be a rich resource of essential oils, polysaccharides, and active glycosidase enzymes. Dalbergia crude extracts and their secondary metabolites have a wide range of pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-aging, anti-bacterial, anti-nociceptive, anti-diarrheal, anti-pyretic, gastrointestinal, biocontrol activities, but sexual and anti-osteoporosis activities are the most valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Manh Ha
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Metabonomics Analysis of Stem Extracts from Dalbergia sissoo. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061982. [PMID: 35335342 PMCID: PMC8953952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dalbergia sissoo is a woody plant with economic and medicinal value. As the pharmacological qualities and properties of the wood from this plant primarily depend on its extractives, in this study, the metabolomic analysis of extractives from its stems was carried out using UPLC-MS/MS. A total of 735 metabolites were detected from two groups of samples, heartwood and sapwood, with the largest number of terpenoids in type and the largest number of flavonoids in quantity. The PCA and cluster analysis showed significant differences in the metabolite composition between the two groups. The differential metabolites were mainly organic oxygen compounds, flavonoids, and isoflavones. Among the 105 differential metabolites, 26 metabolites were significantly higher in relative content in sapwood than in heartwood, while the other 79 metabolites were significantly higher in relative content in heartwood than in sapwood. KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that these differential metabolites were mainly enriched in three metabolic pathways: Flavonoid biosynthesis, isoflavonoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis. This study provides a reference for metabolomics studies in Dalbergia and other woody plants.
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Raheja S, Girdhar A, Kamboj A, Lather V, Pandita D. Protective Effect of Dalbergia sissoo Extract Against Amyloid-β (1-42)-induced Memory Impairment, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in Rats. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:104-110. [PMID: 33634685 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The ayurvedic literature reports that Dalbergia sissoo, a common medicinal plant for gastric and skin problems, has brain-revitalizing effects. However, the neuroprotective effect of this herb on an amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42 model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is yet unknown. The current study describes the protective effect of ethanolic extracts of D. sissoo leaves (EEDS) against Aβ (1-42)-induced cognitive deficit, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in rats. Materials and Methods EEDS (300 and 500 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats for 2 weeks prior to intracerebroventricular Aβ (1-42) treatment. The neuroprotective effect of EEDS was assessed by evaluating behavioral, biochemical, and neuroinflammatory parameters in the rat hippocampus. Memory function was assessed via the Morris water maze (MWM) task 2 weeks after Aβ (1-42) administration. After 3 weeks, surgery was performed, all biochemical parameters were evaluated, and histopathological examination of the tissues was carried out. Results EEDS improved the cognitive ability of Aβ (1-42)-administered rats in the MWM task. It reduced oxidative stress by significantly decreasing nitrite and malondialdehyde levels and increasing catalase activity and glutathione levels in the rat brain. Moreover, EEDS mitigated neuroinflammation in rats by decreasing the concentration of neuroinflammatory markers in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion D. sissoo leaf extract has a beneficial role in alleviating cognitive deficits in AD by modulating cholinergic function, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Raheja
- IKG Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India.,Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Girdhar
- IKG Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India.,Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Haryana, India
| | | | | | - Deepti Pandita
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Noida, India.,Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Govt. of NCT Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Junren C, Xiaofang X, Mengting L, Qiuyun X, Gangmin L, Huiqiong Z, Guanru C, Xin X, Yanpeng Y, Fu P, Cheng P. Pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of Pogostemon cablin Benth: a review. Chin Med 2021; 16:5. [PMID: 33413544 PMCID: PMC7791836 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patchouli ("Guanghuoxiang") or scientifically known as Pogostemon cablin Benth, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, has been used in traditional Chinse medicine (TCM) since the time of the Eastern Han dynasty. In TCM theory, patchouli can treat colds, nausea, fever, headache, and diarrhea. Various bioactive compounds have been identified in patchouli, including terpenoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, organic acids, lignins, glycosides, alcohols, pyrone, and aldehydes. Among the numerous compounds, patchouli alcohol, β-patchoulene, patchoulene epoxide, pogostone, and pachypodol are of great importance. The pharmacological impacts of these compounds include anti-peptic ulcer effect, antimicrobial effect, anti-oxidative effect, anti-inflammatory effect, effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury, analgesic effect, antitumor effect, antidiabetic effect, anti-hypertensive effect, immunoregulatory effect, and others.For this review, we examined publications from the previous five years collected from PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. This review summarizes the recent progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology, and mechanisms of action and provides a reference for future studies focused on clinical applications of this important plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Junren
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xie Xiaofang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Li Mengting
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xiong Qiuyun
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Li Gangmin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Zhang Huiqiong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Chen Guanru
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xu Xin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yin Yanpeng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 17 South Renmin Rd, 610065, Chengdu, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Riane K, Sifour M, Ouled-Haddar H, Espinosa C, Esteban MA, Lahouel M. Effect of probiotic supplementation on oxidative stress markers in rats with diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1615-1622. [PMID: 32458261 PMCID: PMC7688739 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the effect of an antioxidant probiotic pretreatment toward an overdose of diclofenac in rats (100 mg/kg bw). Rats were treated daily with the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius St.sa (109 CFU) during seven successive days and then received a single treatment with diclofenac overdose in distilled water. Liver transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), histology, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were investigated. In addition, both antioxidant enzyme activity and its mRNA gene expression were studied to evaluate diclofenac hepatotoxicity. The results indicated that probiotic pretreatment reduced diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity through enhancement of the studied hepatic markers and regulation of antioxidant enzyme expression and activity. These findings indicate that the probiotic pretreatment protects rat liver against the oxidative stress induced by diclofenac overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Riane
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Mohamed Seddik Benyahia of Jijel, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Sifour
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Mohamed Seddik Benyahia of Jijel, Jijel, Algeria.
| | - Houria Ouled-Haddar
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Mohamed Seddik Benyahia of Jijel, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Cristobal Espinosa
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mesbah Lahouel
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Mohamed Seddik Benyahia of Jijel, Jijel, Algeria
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Protective effect of royal jelly against diclofenac-induced hepato-renal damage and gastrointestinal ulcerations in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03330. [PMID: 32025584 PMCID: PMC6997571 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evaluation of traditionally used royal jelly (RJ) for the management of hepato-renal damage and gastrointestinal ulcerations caused by diclofenac. Methods Forty adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups. Rats of the 1st group received only saline and served as normal group. The remaining 3 groups received diclofenac (50 mg/kg/day, I.P.) for 7 days. Group 2 served as diclofenac-control group. Groups 3 and 4 received RJ (150 and 300 mg/kg/day, P.O.) respectively for 30 days. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, blood samples were collected, rats were sacrificed, and livers, kidneys, stomachs & intestines were harvested. Stomachs and intestines were tested for ulcer counts. Serum levels of AST, ALT, creatinine and urea were investigated. Hepatic, renal, gastric and intestinal tissue contents of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) were measured. Histopathological examinations were also performed followed by immunohistochemical determination of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Results Diclofenac administration caused significant deterioration of all the above mentioned parameters. RJ improved hepatic and renal functions. Gastric and intestinal ulcer counts were significantly ameliorated. Hepatic, renal, gastric and intestinal tissue PGE-2 contents and COX-2 expression were significantly elevated. RJ also significantly reduced MPO content and iNOS expression as compared to diclofenac-control group. Improvements of the histopathological pictures of hepatic, renal, gastric and intestinal tissues were also apparent. Conclusion The study demonstrates promising protective effects of RJ against diclofenac-induced hepato-renal damage and gastrointestinal ulceration in rats.
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Simon JP, Parthasarathy M, Nithyanandham S, Katturaja R, Namachivayam A, Prince SE. Protective effect of the ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts of Madhuca longifolia against diclofenac-induced toxicity in female Wistar albino rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:983-993. [PMID: 31546157 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diclofenac is commonly prescribed Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAIDs) as it has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Long term usage and over-dosage of diclofenac is associated with adverse effects like drug-induced liver injury, gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. The therapeutic uses of medicinal plants have gained a prominent role in recent years. Madhuca longifolia is a tree found throughout India, which is known to have several pharmacological activities. The aim of our study is to investigate the potential effect of the ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts of M. longifolia against diclofenac-induced toxicity. METHODS The rats used for the experiment were divided into seven groups. Group-1 was the normal control. Group-2 was administered with diclofenac (50 mg/kg b.w./day/ip) on the 4th and the 5th day. Group-3 was treated with diclofenac and ELEML (500 mg/kg b.w./day/po) on all 5 days. Group-4 was treated with diclofenac and MLEML (500 mg/kg b.w./day/po) on all 5 days. Standard drug silymarin (25 mg/kg b.w./day/po) was given to the rats of group-5 along with diclofenac. Group-6 and group-7 were treated with ethanolic leaf extract and methanolic leaf extract of M. longifolia respectively. After the study period, the rats were evaluated for parameters like liver and renal markers, antioxidants and histopathological changes. RESULTS This study has proved the beneficial effect of ethanolic and methanolic leaf extract of M. longifolia against diclofenac-induced toxicity wherein ethanolic leaf extract showed a better result than methanolic leaf extract. CONCLUSION Our study has concluded the beneficial effect of ethanolic and methonolic leaf extract of Madhuca longifolia against DFC-induced toxicity. This study proves that it has potential effect on hepato, renal and gastro toxicity in female Wistar albino rats. It can further be studied to understand its mechanism in treating toxicity.
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Curcumin, a component of turmeric, efficiently prevents diclofenac sodium-induced gastroenteropathic damage in rats: A step towards translational medicine. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Protective Effects of Liquiritin on the Brain of Rats with Alzheimer's Disease. W INDIAN MED J 2016; 64:468-472. [PMID: 27399208 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2016.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a sort of nerve degenerative disease with clinical manifestation of memory damage and cognitive dysfunction. Its typical pathological change is the abnormal deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Method In this study, a rat AD model with liquiritin (LQ) interference was established to observe the effects of LQ on the AD rats' behavioural memory and primary hippocampus cells. Results Liquiritin had the effect of improving the rats' learning and memory ability, enhancing the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in rats' brain tissues, increasing the antioxidant ability, protecting the primary cultured hippocampal neurons and inhibiting the apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35. Conclusion The protective effects of LQ can be related to the enhancement of antioxidase activity and clearance of oxygen radicals.
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Assessment of Indian Rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo) Standardized Leaf Extract on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 15:250-60. [PMID: 25420456 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaf extract (DSE) on isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial injury in rats. Evaluation of three doses (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg of body weight) of DSE was done in ISP-treated rats. ISP was used at 85 mg/kg body weight by subcutaneous route for two subsequent days to induce myocardial injury in rats. Assessment of myocardial injury was done by estimation of different cardiac injury markers like LDH, CK-MB. Serum cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides in serum, myocardial infarcted area, oxidative stress and histopathology in heart tissue were also assessed in rats. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded in all the groups. Rats pretreated with DSE (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg of body weight) showed significant (p < 0.05-0.001) improvement in the heart weight/body weight ratio, myocardial infarcted areas, heart rate and mean arterial pressure in ISP-induced myocardial injury. DSE showed significant (p < 0.05-0.001) improvement in serum LDH, CK-MB, cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels at all the dose levels. However, DSE pretreatment had no significant effect on serum HDL level. Pretreatment with DSE (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight) showed significant (p < 0.001) reduction in MDA level in comparison with myocardial injured rats. Further, antioxidant potential was also improved in terms of improved activities of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase with the DSE pretreatment. Histopathology also showed significant improvement in heart tissue. The study suggests that DSE showed beneficial effect in ISP-induced myocardial injury in rats.
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Chang X, Luo F, Jiang W, Zhu L, Gao J, He H, Wei T, Gong S, Yan T. Protective activity of salidroside against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer via the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:604-15. [PMID: 26241782 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside (Sal) is a traditional Chinese medicine with various pharmacological effects. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Sal on ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer and H2O2-induced gastric epithelial cell damage. 0.2 ml ethanol and 400 μM H2O2 were applied to establish a gastric ulcer model in vivo and in vitro respectively. The production of interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was analyzed, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. In addition, MAPK/NF-κB signal pathway-related proteins p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, p-IκBα and p-NF-κBp65 were analyzed to determine the underlying protective mechanism. Downstream genes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and leukotrienes B4 (LTB4) were also measured. Obtained data indicated that Sal inhibited the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced antioxidant activity. Collectively, it is assumed that Sal could alleviate ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer and H2O2-induced gastric epithelial cell damage through the MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fen Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenjiao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingpeng Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - He He
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shilin Gong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianhua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Halabi MF, Shakir RM, Bardi DA, Al-Wajeeh NS, Ablat A, Hassandarvish P, Hajrezaie M, Norazit A, Abdulla MA. Gastroprotective activity of ethyl-4-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino]benzoate against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal ulcer in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95908. [PMID: 24800807 PMCID: PMC4011731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was carried out to determine the cytotoxic, antioxidant and gastro-protective effect of ethyl-4-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylid ene)amino] benzoate (ETHAB) in rats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The cytotoxic effect of ETHAB was assessed using a MTT cleavage assay on a WRL68 cell line, while its antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro. In the anti-ulcer study, rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 and group 2 received 10% Tween 20 (vehicle). Group 3 received 20 mg/kg Omeprazole. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received ETHAB at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, respectively. After an hour, group 1 received the vehicle. Groups 2-6 received absolute ethanol to induce gastric mucosal lesions. In the WRL68 cell line, an IC50 of more than 100 µg/mL was observed. ETHAB results showed antioxidant activity in the DPPH, FRAP, nitric oxide and metal chelating assays. There was no acute toxicity even at the highest dosage (1000 mg/kg). Microscopy showed that rats pretreated with ETHAB revealed protection of gastric mucosa as ascertained by significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), pH level, mucus secretion, reduced gastric lesions, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and remarkable flattened gastric mucosa. Histologically, pretreatment with ETHAB resulted in comparatively better gastric protection, due to reduction of submucosal edema with leucocyte infiltration. PAS staining showed increased intensity in uptake of Alcian blue. In terms of immunohistochemistry, ETHAB showed down-expression of Bax proteins and over-expression of Hsp70 proteins. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The gastroprotective effect of ETHAB may be attributed to antioxidant activity, increased gastric wall mucus, pH level of gastric contents, SOD activity, decrease in MDA level, ulcer area, flattening of gastric mucosa, reduction of edema and leucocyte infiltration of the submucosal layer, increased PAS staining, up-regulation of Hsp70 protein and suppressed expression of Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Farouq Halabi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Al-Moalim Mohamed Awad Center for Scientific Miracles of Prophetic Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raied Mustafa Shakir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department. of Chemistry, Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad. Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Daleya Abdulaziz Bardi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nahla Saeed Al-Wajeeh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdulwali Ablat
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Hajrezaie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Norazit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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