1
|
Su QH, Chen LY, Cai QC, Ge HA, Li J, Liu CT, Xue C, Huang JB, Huang CL, Feng XF, Cheng B. Course-based intra-articular injection of medical chitosan mitigates excessive deposition of triacylglycerides in the synovial tissue of the knee osteoarthritis. J Chin Med Assoc 2024; 87:870-877. [PMID: 38984546 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of intra-articular injections of medical chitosan for treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and measure the lipid metabolism profiles of the synovial tissue. METHODS Sixty patients with KOA undergoing conservative treatment were recruited and randomized into two groups: one without pharmacological intervention (OA group) and the other receiving course-based intra-articular medical chitosan injections (CSI group). Quantitative lipidomic profile of synovial tissue was analyzed. Functional scores, including Kellgren-Lawrence rating (K-L), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scoring, and American Knee Society (AKS) scoring were conducted. RESULTS Survival from the initial conservative treatment to final knee arthroplasty was significantly longer in the CSI group compared to the OA group. Except for the presurgery VAS score, no statistically significant differences were observed in the other scores, including K-L, initial VAS, WOMAC, and AKS. However, the CSI group experienced more reductions in AKS-Knee subscores compared to the OA group. Compared to the CSI group, the OA group exhibited a significant upregulation in most differential lipids, particularly triacylglycerides (TAGs, 77%). The OA group had notably higher levels of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSION Intra-articular injection of medical chitosan significantly prolongs the survival period before knee arthroplasty and reduces the deposition of TAGs metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hang Su
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Yang Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-An Ge
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen-Tao Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Biao Huang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Long Huang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou M, Huang J, Zhou J, Zhi C, Bai Y, Che Q, Cao H, Guo J, Su Z. Anti-Obesity Effect and Mechanism of Chitooligosaccharides Were Revealed Based on Lipidomics in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:5595. [PMID: 37513467 PMCID: PMC10384603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a natural product from the ocean, and while many studies have reported its important role in metabolic diseases, no study has systematically elaborated the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of COS. Herein, COSM (MW ≤ 3000 Da) was administered to diet-induced obese mice by oral gavage once daily for eight weeks. The results show that COSM administration reduced body weight; slowed weight gain; reduced serum Glu, insulin, NEFA, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels; increased serum HSL and HDL-C levels; improved inflammation; and reduced lipid droplet size in adipose tissue. Further lipidomic analysis of adipose tissue revealed that 31 lipid species are considered to be underlying lipid biomarkers in COS therapy. These lipids are mainly enriched in pathways involving insulin resistance, thermogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, glyceride metabolism and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which sheds light on the weight loss mechanism of COS. The Western blot assay demonstrated that COSM intervention can improve insulin resistance, inhibit de novo synthesis, and promote thermogenesis and β-oxidation in mitochondria by the AMPK pathway, thereby alleviating high-fat diet-induced obesity. In short, our study can provide a more comprehensive direction for the application of COS in obesity based on molecular markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minchuan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingqing Huang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiting Zhi
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thakur D, Bairwa A, Dipta B, Jhilta P, Chauhan A. An overview of fungal chitinases and their potential applications. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1031-1046. [PMID: 36752884 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, the world's second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, is composed of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. It is the key structural component of many organisms, including crustaceans, mollusks, marine invertebrates, algae, fungi, insects, and nematodes. There has been a significant increase in the generation of chitinous waste from seafood businesses, resulting in a big amount of scrap. Although several organisms, such as plants, crustaceans, insects, nematodes, and animals, produce chitinases, microorganisms are promising candidates and a sustainable option that mediates chitin degradation. Fungi are the dominant group of chitinase producers among microorganisms. In fungi, chitinases are involved in morphogenesis, cell division, autolysis, chitin acquisition for nutritional purposes, and mycoparasitism. Many efficient chitinolytic fungi with potential applications have been identified in a variety of environments, including soil, water, marine wastes, and plants. The current review highlights the key sources of chitinolytic fungi and the characterization of fungal chitinases. It also discusses the applications of fungal chitinases and the cloning of fungal chitinase genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Thakur
- Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aarti Bairwa
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bhawna Dipta
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Prakriti Jhilta
- Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liao T, Mei W, Zhang L, Ding L, Yang N, Wang P, Zhang L. L-carnitine alleviates synovitis in knee osteoarthritis by regulating lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function through the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:386. [PMID: 37237380 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a disability-associated condition that is rapidly growing with the increase in obesity rates worldwide. There is a pressing need for precise management and timely intervention in the development of KOA. L-carnitine has been frequently recommended as a supplement to increase physical activity in obese individuals due to its role in fatty acid metabolism, immune disorders, and in maintaining the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of L-carnitine on KOA and delineate a potential molecular mechanism. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated primary rat fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were treated with an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor or siRNA and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) siRNA to examine the synovial protective effects of L-carnitine. An anterior cruciate ligament transection model of rats was treated with an AMPK agonist (metformin) and CPT1 inhibitor (etomoxir) to define the therapeutic effects of L-carnitine. RESULTS L-carnitine displayed a protective effect against synovitis of KOA in vitro and in vivo experiments. Specifically, L-carnitine treatment can reduce synovitis by inhibiting AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway activation and showed an increase in fatty acid β-oxidation, a lower lipid accumulation, and a noticeable improvement in mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that L-carnitine can mitigate synovitis in FLS and synovial tissue, and the underlying mechanism may be related to improving mitochondrial function and reducing lipid accumulation via the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 signaling pathway. Therefore, L-carnitine may be a potential treatment strategy for KOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiyang Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peimin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yao Q, Wu X, Tao C, Gong W, Chen M, Qu M, Zhong Y, He T, Chen S, Xiao G. Osteoarthritis: pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:56. [PMID: 36737426 PMCID: PMC9898571 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 220.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing and tearing of articular cartilage, but it is now more commonly referred to as a chronic whole-joint disorder that is initiated with biochemical and cellular alterations in the synovial joint tissues, which leads to the histological and structural changes of the joint and ends up with the whole tissue dysfunction. Currently, there is no cure for OA, partly due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanism of the initiation and progression of the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of pathological signaling pathways and key molecules involved in OA pathogenesis is crucial for therapeutic target design and drug development. In this review, we first summarize the epidemiology of OA, including its prevalence, incidence and burdens, and OA risk factors. We then focus on the roles and regulation of the pathological signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, focal adhesion, HIFs, TGFβ/ΒΜP and FGF signaling pathways, and key regulators AMPK, mTOR, and RUNX2 in the onset and development of OA. In addition, the roles of factors associated with OA, including MMPs, ADAMTS/ADAMs, and PRG4, are discussed in detail. Finally, we provide updates on the current clinical therapies and clinical trials of biological treatments and drugs for OA. Research advances in basic knowledge of articular cartilage biology and OA pathogenesis will have a significant impact and translational value in developing OA therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chu Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiyuan Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingjue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tailin He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee S, Hao LT, Park J, Oh DX, Hwang DS. Nanochitin and Nanochitosan: Chitin Nanostructure Engineering with Multiscale Properties for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203325. [PMID: 35639091 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanochitin and nanochitosan (with random-copolymer-based multiscale architectures of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine units) have recently attracted immense attention for the development of green, sustainable, and advanced functional materials. Nanochitin and nanochitosan are multiscale materials from small oligomers, rod-shaped nanocrystals, longer nanofibers, to hierarchical assemblies of nanofibers. Various physical properties of chitin and chitosan depend on their molecular- and nanostructures; translational research has utilized them for a wide range of applications (biomedical, industrial, environmental, and so on). Instead of reviewing the entire extensive literature on chitin and chitosan, here, recent developments in multiscale-dependent material properties and their applications are highlighted; immune, medical, reinforcing, adhesive, green electrochemical materials, biological scaffolds, and sustainable food packaging are discussed considering the size, shape, and assembly of chitin nanostructures. In summary, new perspectives for the development of sustainable advanced functional materials based on nanochitin and nanochitosan by understanding and engineering their multiscale properties are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Lam Tan Hao
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Potential Medical Applications of Chitooligosaccharides. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173558. [PMID: 36080631 PMCID: PMC9460531 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides, also known as chitosan oligomers or chitooligomers, are made up of chitosan with a degree of polymerization (DP) that is less than 20 and an average molecular weight (MW) that is lower than 3.9 kDa. COS can be produced through enzymatic conversions using chitinases, physical and chemical applications, or a combination of these strategies. COS is of significant interest for pharmacological and medical applications due to its increased water solubility and non-toxicity, with a wide range of bioactivities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. This review aims to outline the recent advances and potential applications of COS in various diseases and conditions based on the available literature, mainly from preclinical research. The prospects of further in vivo studies and translational research on COS in the medical field are highlighted.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu Q, Huang Y, Chen X, Chen Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Liu J. A neutrophil cell membrane-biomimetic nanoplatform based on L-arginine nanoparticles for early osteoarthritis diagnosis and nitric oxide therapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11619-11634. [PMID: 35894521 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02601e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common debilitating disease affecting articular joints for which no effective disease-modifying early diagnosis or medical therapy tools are currently available. The inefficient delivery of drugs into inflamed chondrocytes has restricted the development of anti-OA medication. Evidence has shown that inflammatory neutrophils possess the property of targeting inflammation via inflammatory tissue recruiting. Herein, we report neutrophil-cell-membrane-based biomimetic nanoparticles (NM-LANPs@Ru) as an OA theranostic nanoplatform; they act as a NO delivery system, coating neutrophil cell membrane onto the surface of self-assembled PEGylated L-arginine nanoparticles (LANPs) to act as a NO donor and loading a Ru complex to act as a ROS inducer. NM-LANPs@Ru demonstrated the specific targeting of inflamed OA with low toxicity, good NO release, and excellent fluorescence/photoacoustic (FL/PA) imaging properties. We showed that NM-LANPs@Ru exhibited enhanced cellular association in inflamed chondrocyte cells (C28/I2), much higher than NO release from ROS oxidized LA, and it improved the inhibition of the apoptosis of inflamed C28/I2 cells compared with control treatments. In vivo studies demonstrated that NM-LANPs@Ru effectively targeted inflamed OA, based on real-time dual-modal FL/PA imaging, eventually exhibiting its excellent anti-inflammatory activity. Our study may provide a new approach for the early diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis using a neutrophil-cell-membrane-based biomimetic nanoplatform for NO or drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yutong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xufeng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Duan H, Liu Y, Wang L, Zhou X. Biomaterial-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Obesity and Its Comorbidities. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1445. [PMID: 35890340 PMCID: PMC9320151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health issue that results in many health complications or comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and fatty liver. Pharmacotherapy alone or combined with either lifestyle alteration or surgery represents the main modality to combat obesity and its complications. However, most anti-obesity drugs are limited by their bioavailability, target specificity, and potential toxic effects. Only a handful of drugs, including orlistat, liraglutide, and semaglutide, are currently approved for clinical obesity treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative treatment strategies. Based on the new revelation of the pathogenesis of obesity and the efforts toward the multi-disciplinary integration of materials, chemistry, biotechnology, and pharmacy, some emerging obesity treatment strategies are gradually entering the field of preclinical and clinical research. Herein, by analyzing the current situation and challenges of various new obesity treatment strategies such as small-molecule drugs, natural drugs, and biotechnology drugs, the advanced functions and prospects of biomaterials in obesity-targeted delivery, as well as their biological activities and applications in obesity treatment, are systematically summarized. Finally, based on the systematic analysis of biomaterial-based obesity therapeutic strategies, the future prospects and challenges in this field are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (J.L.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongli Duan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (J.L.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (J.L.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (J.L.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (J.L.); (H.D.); (Y.L.)
- Institute of Materia Medica and Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee S, Byun S, Lee C, Park SH, Rudra D, Iwakura Y, Lee YJ, Im S, Hwang DS. Resolving the Mutually Exclusive Immune Responses of Chitosan with Nanomechanics and Immunological Assays. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102667. [PMID: 35397156 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifaceted functions displayed by both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of chitosan hinder its effective development as an immunomodulatory agent. Herein, the contributions of the bending stiffness of chitosan with regard to its immune regulatory properties toward inflammation are investigated. The anti-inflammatory properties of chitosan molecular weight (MW) with a shorter (≈1 kDa) or longer (≈15 kDa) than the persistent length (LP ) are compared using immunological assays and nanomechanics-based experiments on the surface forces apparatus (SFA). Interestingly, 1 kDa chitosan significantly enhances the generation of anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) through the Dectin-1-dependent pattern recognition receptor (PRR) on antigen-presenting cells. SFA analyses also show a similar trend of interaction forces between chitosan and diverse PRRs depending on their MW. The results obtained in the immunological and nanomechanical experiments are consistent and imply that the binding features of PRRs vary depending on the MW of chitosan, which may alter immune activity. In accordance, in vivo administration of only 1 kDa represses inflammatory responses and suppresses the progression of experimental colitis. This study elucidates a previously unexplored bending stiffness-dependent immune regulatory property of chitosan and suggests the applicability of low MW (rod-like) chitosan as a pharmaceutical ingredient to treat diverse inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyoung Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology Department of Life Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Byun
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology Department of Life Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Changhon Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology Department of Life Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- ImmmunoBiome Inc. 77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- ImmmunoBiome Inc. 77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences and Technology ShanghaiTech University 393 Huaxia Middle Rd Pudong Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models Research Institute for Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2669 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278‐0022 Japan
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology Institute of Medical Science the University of Tokyo Minato‐ku Tokyo 108‐0071 Japan
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology Department of Life Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy Seoul National University Gwanak‐ro 38‐gil Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sin‐Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology Department of Life Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- ImmmunoBiome Inc. 77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology Department of Life Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chitosan for biomedical applications, promising antidiabetic drug delivery system, and new diabetes mellitus treatment based on stem cell. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:417-432. [PMID: 34450151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since chitosan's excellent pharmacokinetic and chemical properties, it is an attractive and promising carbohydrate biopolymer in biomedical applications. Chitosan's beneficial function in the defense and propagation of pancreatic β cells, reducing hyperglycemia, and avoiding diabetes mellitus associated with impaired lipid metabolism has been demonstrated in several studies. Additionally, chitosan has also been used in various nanocarriers to deliver various antidiabetic drugs to reduce glucose levels. Herein, the first to provide the currently available potential benefits of chitosan in diabetes mellitus treatment focuses on chitosan-based nanocarriers for oral administration of various antidiabetic drugs nasal and subcutaneous passages. Moreover, chitosan is used to activate and deliver stem cells and differentiate them into cells similar to pancreatic beta cells as a new type of treatment for type one diabetes mellitus. The results of this review will be helpful in the development of promising treatments and better control of diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
12
|
Noda K, Dufner B, Ito H, Yoshida K, Balboni G, Straub RH. Differential inflammation-mediated function of prokineticin 2 in the synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18399. [PMID: 34526577 PMCID: PMC8443611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a secreted protein involved in several pathological and physiological processes, including the regulation of inflammation, sickness behaviors, and circadian rhythms. Recently, it was reported that PK2 is associated with the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. However, the role of PK2 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA) remains unknown. In this study, we collected synovial tissue, plasma, synovial fluid, and synovial fibroblasts (SF) from RA and OA patients to analyze the function of PK2 using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and tissue superfusion studies. PK2 and its receptors prokineticin receptor (PKR) 1 and 2 were expressed in RA and OA synovial tissues. PKR1 expression was downregulated in RA synovial tissue compared with OA synovial tissue. The PK2 concentration was higher in RA synovial fluid than in OA synovial fluid but similar between RA and OA plasma. PK2 suppressed the production of IL-6 from TNFα-prestimulated OA-SF, and this effect was attenuated in TNFα-prestimulated RA-SF. This phenomenon was accompanied by the upregulation of PKR1 in OA-SF. This study provides a new model to explain some aspects underlying the chronicity of inflammation in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Noda
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Biopark I, Am Biopark 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany ,grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bianca Dufner
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Biopark I, Am Biopark 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Haruyasu Ito
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yoshida
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rainer H. Straub
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Biopark I, Am Biopark 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Preparation and characterization of chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives containing cinnamyl moieties with enhanced antibacterial activities. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
14
|
Naree S, Ponkit R, Chotiaroonrat E, Mayack CL, Suwannapong G. Propolis Extract and Chitosan Improve Health of Nosema ceranae Infected Giant Honey Bees, Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793. Pathogens 2021; 10:785. [PMID: 34206455 PMCID: PMC8308750 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosema ceranae is a large contributing factor to the most recent decline in honey bee health worldwide. Developing new alternative treatments against N. ceranae is particularly pressing because there are few treatment options available and therefore the risk of increased antibiotic resistance is quite high. Recently, natural products have demonstrated to be a promising avenue for finding new effective treatments against N. ceranae. We evaluated the effects of propolis extract of stingless bee, Tetrigona apicalis and chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on giant honey bees, Apis dorsata, experimentally infected with N. ceranae to determine if these treatments could improve the health of the infected individuals. Newly emerged Nosema-free bees were individually inoculated with 106N. ceranae spores per bee. We fed infected and control bees the following treatments consisting of 0%, 50%, propolis extracts, 0 ppm and 0.5 ppm COS in honey solution (w/v). Propolis extracts and COS caused a significant increase in trehalose levels in hemolymph, protein contents, survival rates and acini diameters of the hypopharyngeal glands in infected bees. Our results suggest that propolis and COS could improve the health of infected bees. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for the improved health of the infected bees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchai Naree
- Biological Science Program, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand; (S.N.); (R.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Rujira Ponkit
- Biological Science Program, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand; (S.N.); (R.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Evada Chotiaroonrat
- Biological Science Program, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand; (S.N.); (R.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Christopher L. Mayack
- Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Guntima Suwannapong
- Biological Science Program, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand; (S.N.); (R.P.); (E.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Q, Wang T, Ye Y, Guan S, Cai B, Zhang S, Rong S. A temperature-induced chitosanase bacterial cell-surface display system for the efficient production of chitooligosaccharides. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1625-1635. [PMID: 33993368 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a temperature-induced chitosanase bacterial cell-surface display system to produce chitooligosaccharides (COSs) efficiently for industrial applications. RESULTS Temperature-inducible chitosanase CSN46A bacterial surface display systems containing one or two copies of ice nucleation protein (InaQ-N) as anchoring motifs were successfully constructed on the basis of Escherichia coli and named as InaQ-N-CSN46A (1 copy) and 2InaQ-N-CSN46A (2 copies). The specific enzyme activity of 2InaQ-N-CSN46A reached 761.34 ± 0.78 U/g cell dry weight, which was 45.6% higher than that of InaQ-N-CSN46A. However, few proteins were detected in the 2InaQ-N-CSN46A hydrolysis system. Therefore, 2InaQ-N-CSN46A had higher hydrolysis efficiency and stability than InaQ-N-CSN46A. Gel permeation chromatography revealed that under the optimum enzymatic hydrolysis temperature, the final products were mainly chitobiose and chitotriose. Chitopentaose accumulated (77.62%) when the hydrolysis temperature reached 60 °C. FTIR and NMR analysis demonstrated that the structures of the two hydrolysis products were consistent with those of COSs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, chitosanase was expressed on the surfaces of E. coli by increasing the induction temperature, and chitosan was hydrolysed directly without enzyme purification steps. This study provides a novel strategy for industrial COS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuantuan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzhi Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimin Guan
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Cai
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Rong
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng Q, Meng X, Cheng M, Li Y, Liu Y, Chen X. Cloning and Characterization of a New Chitosanase From a Deep-Sea Bacterium Serratia sp. QD07. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:619731. [PMID: 33717008 PMCID: PMC7943732 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.619731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosanase is a significant chitosan-degrading enzyme involved in industrial applications, which forms chitooligosaccharides (COS) as reaction products that are known to have various biological activities. In this study, the gene csnS was cloned from a deep-sea bacterium Serratia sp. QD07, as well as over-expressed in Escherichia coli, which is a new chitosanase encoding gene. The recombinant strain was cultured in a 5 L fermenter, which yielded 324 U/mL chitosanases. After purification, CsnS is a cold-adapted enzyme with the highest activity at 60°C, showing 37.5% of the maximal activity at 0°C and 42.6% of the maximal activity at 10°C. It exhibited optimum activity at pH 5.8 and was stable at a pH range of 3.4–8.8. Additionally, CsnS exhibited an endo-type cleavage pattern and hydrolyzed chitosan polymers to yield disaccharides and trisaccharides as the primary reaction products. These results make CsnS a potential candidate for the industrial manufacture of COS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Mingyang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanpeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Benchamas G, Huang G, Huang S, Huang H. Preparation and biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
18
|
Satitsri S, Muanprasat C. Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterial Resources for Biological and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245961. [PMID: 33339290 PMCID: PMC7766609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine, which is regularly found in the exoskeleton of arthropods including insects, shellfish and the cell wall of fungi. It has been known that chitin can be used for biological and biomedical applications, especially as a biomaterial for tissue repairing, encapsulating drug for drug delivery. However, chitin has been postulated as an inducer of proinflammatory cytokines and certain diseases including asthma. Likewise, chitosan, a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine and d-glucosamine derived from chitin deacetylation, and chitosan oligosaccharide, a short chain polymer, have been known for their potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, and anti-Alzheimer effects. This review summarizes potential utilization and limitation of chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide in a variety of diseases. Furthermore, future direction of research and development of chitin, chitosan, and chitosan oligosaccharide for biomedical applications is discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Intestinal Population in Host with Metabolic Syndrome during Administration of Chitosan and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245857. [PMID: 33322383 PMCID: PMC7764266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and its derivatives can alleviate metabolic syndrome by different regulation mechanisms, phosphorylation of AMPK (AMP-activated kinase) and Akt (also known as protein kinase B), suppression of PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element–binding proteins), and translocation of GLUT4 (glucose transporter-4), and also the downregulation of fatty-acid-transport proteins, fatty-acid-binding proteins, fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase), and HMG-CoA reductase (hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase). The improved microbial profiles in the gastrointestinal tract were positively correlated with the improved glucose and lipid profiles in hosts with metabolic syndrome. Hence, this review will summarize the current literature illustrating positive correlations between the alleviated conditions in metabolic syndrome hosts and the normalized gut microbiota in hosts with metabolic syndrome after treatment with chitosan and its derivatives, implying that the possibility of chitosan and its derivatives to serve as therapeutic application will be consolidated. Chitosan has been shown to modulate cardiometabolic symptoms (e.g., lipid and glycemic levels, blood pressure) as well as gut microbiota. However, the literature that summarizes the relationship between such metabolic modulation of chitosan and prebiotic-like effects is limited. This review will discuss the connection among their structures, biological properties, and prebiotic effects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Our hope is that future researchers will consider the prebiotic effects as significant contributors to the mitigation of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
20
|
Novel Potential Application of Chitosan Oligosaccharide for Attenuation of Renal Cyst Growth in the Treatment of Polycystic Kidney Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235589. [PMID: 33261193 PMCID: PMC7730275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a natural polymer derived from chitosan, exerts several biological activities including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-metabolic syndrome, and drug delivery enhancer. Since COS is vastly distributed to kidney and eliminated in urine, it may have a potential advantage as the therapeutics of kidney diseases. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common genetic disorder characterized by multiple fluid-filled cysts, replacing normal renal parenchyma and leading to impaired renal function and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The effective treatment for PKD still needs to be further elucidated. Interestingly, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been proposed as a drug target for PKD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of COS on renal cyst enlargement and its underlying mechanisms. We found that COS at the concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL decreased renal cyst growth without cytotoxicity, as measured by MTT assay. Immunoblotting analysis showed that COS at 100 µg/mL activated AMPK, and this effect was abolished by STO-609, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CaMKKβ) inhibitor. Moreover, COS elevated the level of intracellular calcium. These results suggest that COS inhibits cyst progression by activation of AMPK via CaMKKβ. Therefore, COS may hold the potential for pharmaceutical application in PKD.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yi Z, Luo X, Zhao L. Research Advances in Chitosan Oligosaccharides: From Multiple Biological Activities to Clinical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5037-5055. [PMID: 31309881 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190712180147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), hydrolysed products of chitosan, are low-molecular weight polymers with a positive charge and good biocompatibility. COS have recently been reported to possess various biological activities, including hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antioxidantantioxidant, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, antibacterial, and tissue engineering activities, exhibiting extensive application prospects. Currently, the biological processes and mechanisms of COS are attractive topics of study, ranging from the genetic, molecular and protein levels. This article reviews the recent discoveries about COS, especially in metabolic regulation, immune function and tissue repair, providing important insights into their multiple biological activities, medical benefits, and therapeutic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chitosan protects liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating Bcl-2/Bax, TNF-α and TGF-β expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1565-1574. [PMID: 32735924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the potential attenuation effect of chitosan in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), and its relevant protective mechanisms. Chitosan (200 mg/kg) has been administered orally for 30 days, later animals underwent liver 45 min ischemia and reperfusion for 60 min. Following treatment with chitosan, the levels of serum aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced. Similarly, hepatic (GSH, SOD, CAT, GST and GPx) were enhanced, and the level of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased. In addition, inflammatory cytokinesis (TNF-α and TGF-β) have recorded a significant decrease in their mRNA expression and protein levels using qPCR and ELISA respectively. Marked reduction of apoptosis has been indicated by the elevation in BCL2, and decreasing in BAX, Caspace-3 and Cytochrome-c expression levels, which furthermore confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay. The enhancement of the previous parameters resulted in a marked improvement in the liver architectures after chitosan administration. In conclusion, chitosan has proved its efficiency as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent through its inhibitory effect of cytokines and reducing ROS respectively. In addition, chitosan could modulate the changes in histological structure and alleviate apoptosis induced by liver I/R, which recommend it as an efficient agent for protection against liver I/R injury.
Collapse
|
23
|
Han D, Fang Y, Tan X, Jiang H, Gong X, Wang X, Hong W, Tu J, Wei W. The emerging role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes-mediated synovitis in osteoarthritis: An update. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9518-9532. [PMID: 32686306 PMCID: PMC7520283 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most ubiquitous degenerative disease affecting the entire joint, is characterized by cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. Although the pathogenesis of OA remains poorly understood, synovial inflammation is known to play an important role in OA development. However, studies on OA pathophysiology have focused more on cartilage degeneration and osteophytes, rather than on the inflamed and thickened synovium. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) produce a series of pro-inflammatory regulators, such as inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ). These regulators are positively associated with the clinical symptoms of OA, such as inflammatory pain, joint swelling and disease development. A better understanding of the inflammatory immune response in OA-FLS could provide a novel approach to comprehensive treatment strategies for OA. Here, we have summarized recently published literatures referring to epigenetic modifications, activated signalling pathways and inflammation-associated factors that are involved in OA-FLS-mediated inflammation. In addition, the current related clinical trials and future perspectives were also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Han
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuewen Tan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haifei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajie Tu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Amirani E, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. Effects of chitosan and oligochitosans on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT pathway in cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:456-467. [PMID: 32693135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway is one of the most important kinase signaling networks in the context of cancer development and treatment. Aberrant activation of AKT, the central mediator of this pathway, has been implicated in numerous malignancies including endometrial, hepatocellular, breast, colorectal, prostate, and, cervical cancer. Thus regulation and blockage of this kinase and its key target nodes is an attractive approach in cancer therapy and diverse efforts have been done to achieve this aim. Chitosan is a carbohydrate with multiple interesting applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies. This bioactive polymer and its derivative oligomers commonly used in drug/DNA delivery methods due to their functional properties which improve efficiency of delivery systems. Further, these compounds exert anti-tumor roles through the stimulation of apoptosis, immune enhancing potency, anti-oxidative features and anti-angiogenic roles. Due to the importance of PI3K-AKT signaling in cancer targeting and treatment resistance, this review discusses the involvement of chitosan, oligochitosaccharides and carriers based on these chemicals in the regulation of this pathway in different tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nasrabadi M, Beyramabadi SA, Morsali A. Surface functionalization of chitosan with 5-nitroisatin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:534-546. [PMID: 31935406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several possible configurations (CS/NI1-10) for the surface adsorption of 5-nitroisatin (NI) on the chitosan polymer (CS) were investigated using quantum mechanical methods in the gas and solution phases. The values of the binding energies indicate the energetic stability of these configurations. The solvation energies demonstrate that the solubility of NI and CS increases in the presence of each other. The role of hydrogen bonds in noncovalent surface functionalization was determined by AIM analysis. The mechanism of covalent surface functionalization and the explicit solvent effects (methanol) in this mechanism were investigated and it was determined that the covalent functionalization through Schiff base formation is possible. These findings, in addition to the biological applications of the chitosan Schiff bases and their complexes, led us to synthesize a new Schiff base from condensation reaction of CS and NI (CSB) together with its Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The synthesized compounds were characterized by the elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Also, optimized geometries, assignment of the IR vibrational bands as well as exploring of the frontier orbitals of the synthesized compounds have been calculated using density functional levels of theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nasrabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Ali Beyramabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ivanova DG, Yaneva ZL. Antioxidant Properties and Redox-Modulating Activity of Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Biomaterials with Application in Cancer Therapy. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:64-72. [PMID: 32219012 PMCID: PMC7097683 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2019.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that mitochondrial metabolism has a fundamental role in induction of carcinogenesis due to the influence of increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in all steps of oncogene transformation and cancer progression. It is widely accepted that the anticancer effect of conventional anticancer drugs is due to induction of oxidative stress and elevated intracellular levels of ROS, which alter the redox homeostasis of cancer cells. On the other hand, the harmful side effects of conventional anticancer chemotherapeutics are also due to increased production of ROS and disruption of redox homeostasis of normal cells and tissues. Therefore, there is a growing interest toward the development of natural antioxidant compounds from various sources, which could impact the redox state of cancer and normal cells by different pathways and could prevent damage from oxidant-mediated reactions. It is known that chitosan exhibits versatile biological properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and a less toxic nature. Because of its antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory activities, the biopolymer has been used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical, biomedical, food industry, health, and agricultural applications and has been classified as a new physiologically bioactive material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donika G. Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiology Chemistry, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Zvezdelina L. Yaneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiology Chemistry, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Quantum chemical studies of chitosan nanoparticles as effective drug delivery systems for 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Recent Updates in Pharmacological Properties of Chitooligosaccharides. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4568039. [PMID: 31781615 PMCID: PMC6875261 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4568039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical structures derived from marine foods are highly diverse and pharmacologically promising. In particular, chitooligosaccharides (COS) present a safe pharmacokinetic profile and a great source of new bioactive polymers. This review describes the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of COS from recent publications. Thus, COS constitute an effective agent against oxidative stress, cellular damage, and inflammatory pathogenesis. The mechanisms of action and targeted therapeutic pathways of COS are summarized and discussed. COS may act as antioxidants via their radical scavenging activity and by decreasing oxidative stress markers. The mechanism of COS antidiabetic effect is characterized by an acceleration of pancreatic islets proliferation, an increase in insulin secretion and sensitivity, a reduction of postprandial glucose, and an improvement of glucose uptake. COS upregulate the GLUT2 and inhibit digestive enzyme and glucose transporters. Furthermore, they resulted in reduction of gluconeogenesis and promotion of glucose conversion. On the other hand, the COS decrease inflammatory mediators, suppress the activation of NF-κB, increase the phosphorylation of kinase, and stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes. Overall, this review brings evidence from experimental data about protective effect of COS.
Collapse
|
29
|
Jing B, Cheng G, Li J, Wang ZA, Du Y. Inhibition of Liver Tumor Cell Metastasis by Partially Acetylated Chitosan Oligosaccharide on A Tumor-Vessel Microsystem. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E415. [PMID: 31337016 PMCID: PMC6669685 DOI: 10.3390/md17070415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS), the only cationic oligosaccharide in nature, have been demonstrated to have anti-tumor activity. However, the inhibitory effects of COS on different stages of tumor metastasis are still unknown, and it is not clear what stage(s) of tumor metastasis COS targeted. To study the inhibitory effects of a new partially acetylated chitooligosaccharide (paCOS) with fraction of acetylation (FA) 0.46 on each phase of liver cancer cell metastasis, a dynamic tumor-vessel microsystem undergoing physiological flow was leveraged. paCOS (FA = 0.46) significantly inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells through vascular absorption on the chip, and inhibited migration of HepG2 cells by inhibiting the formation of pseudopod in liver tumor cells. It was also found that paCOS at 10 μg/mL had a stronger inhibitory effect on liver tumor cells invading blood vessels than that of paCOS at 100 μg/mL, and paCOS at 100 μg/mL, which had a significant destructive effect on tumor vascular growth and barrier function. Moreover, paCOS reduced the number of liver tumor cells adhering onto the surface of HUVECs layer after 3 h of treatment. Therefore, the results revealed that paCOS had considerable potential as drugs for anti-tumor metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhuo A Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guan G, Azad MAK, Lin Y, Kim SW, Tian Y, Liu G, Wang H. Biological Effects and Applications of Chitosan and Chito-Oligosaccharides. Front Physiol 2019; 10:516. [PMID: 31133871 PMCID: PMC6514239 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The numerous functional properties and biological effects of chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides (COS) have led to a significant level of interest, particularly with regard to their potential use in the agricultural, environmental, nutritional, and pharmaceutical fields. This review covers recent studies on the biological functions of COS and the impacts of dietary chitosan and COS on metabolism. The majority of results suggest that the use of chitosan as a feed additive has favorable biological effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, cholesterol reducing, and immunomodulatory effects. The biological impacts reviewed herein may provide a new appreciation for the future use of COS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Guan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanshan Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS): An overview. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:827-843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
32
|
Chen P, Zhao M, Chen Q, Fan L, Gao F, Zhao L. Absorption Characteristics of Chitobiose and Chitopentaose in the Human Intestinal Cell Line Caco-2 and Everted Gut Sacs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4513-4523. [PMID: 30929431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The everted gut sacs and Caco-2 cell models were used to investigate the intestinal absorptive characteristics and subcellular localization of chitobiose and chitopentaose in this study. In everted gut sacs, the absorptive pattern showed no concentration-dependent manner when the concentration was lower than 10 mM. In the presence of phlorizin (100 μM) and phloretin (100 μM), the chitobiose absorption rates decreased by (4.97 ± 0.89)% and (19.2 ± 2.77)%, and they were (10.4 ± 2.43)% and (27.5 ± 1.68)% for chitopentaose. In Caco-2 cells, the concentration showed influences similar to those with the everted gut sacs results. After adding phlorizin and phloretin in the apical side, the PappAP-BL of chitobiose and chitopentaose significantly decreased. Considering the translocation, they were enriched in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrion. This study indicated that concentration and active transporter were capable of mediating the absorption of chitobiose and chitopentaose, and the subcellular localization of them could help to study the mechanisms of their effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liming Zhao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT) , Shanghai 200237 , China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guo X, Sun T, Zhong R, Ma L, You C, Tian M, Li H, Wang C. Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Human Blood Components. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1412. [PMID: 30559672 PMCID: PMC6286974 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is known for its unique biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial activity, biological recognition, and immune enhancing effects, and thus continuous attracting many research interests in drug, food, cosmetics, biomaterials and tissue engineering fields. In comparison to its corresponding polymer, COS has much higher absorption profiles at the intestinal level, which results in permitting its quick access to the blood flow and potential contacting with blood components. However, the effects of COS on blood components remain unclear to date. Herein, two COS with different molecular weight (MW) were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR, and then their effects on human blood components, including red blood cells (RBCs) (hemolysis, deformability, and aggregation), coagulation system [activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), and the concentration of fibrinogen (Fib)], complement (C3a and C5a activation), and platelet (activation and aggregation), were comprehensively studied. In the case of RBCs, COS exhibited a low risk of hemolysis in a dose and molecular weight dependent manner and the irreversible aggregation was observed in their high concentration. For coagulation system, COS has a mild anticoagulation activity through blocking the intrinsic coagulation pathway. In addition, COS showed no effect on complement activation in C3a and C5a and on platelet activation while inhibition of platelet aggregation was evident. Finally, the mechanism that effects of COS on blood components was discussed and proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chitosan Oligosaccharides Improve Glucolipid Metabolism Disorder in Liver by Suppression of Obesity-Related Inflammation and Restoration of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ). Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110455. [PMID: 30463189 PMCID: PMC6265870 DOI: 10.3390/md16110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) display various biological activities. In this study, we aimed to explore the preventive effects of COS on glucolipid metabolism disorder using palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice as experimental models in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The results showed that COS pretreatment for 12 h significantly ameliorated lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells exposed to PA for 24 h, accompanied by a reversing of the upregulated mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α) and glucolipid metabolism-related regulators (SCD-1, ACC1, PCK1-α). In addition, COS treatment alleviated glucolipid metabolism disorder in mice fed with HFD for five months, including reduction in body weight and fasting glucose, restoration of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, and suppression of overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and glucolipid metabolism-related regulators. Furthermore, our study found that COS pretreatment significantly reversed the downregulation of PPARγ at transcriptional and translational levels in both PA-induced HepG2 cells and liver tissues of HFD-fed mice. In summary, the study suggests that COS can improve glucolipid metabolism disorder by suppressing inflammation and upregulating PPARγ expression. This indicates a novel application of COS in preventing and treating glucolipid metabolism-related diseases.
Collapse
|
35
|
Phil L, Naveed M, Mohammad IS, Bo L, Bin D. Chitooligosaccharide: An evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties with the proposition for determination of thermal degradation products. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:438-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
36
|
Kong SZ, Li JC, Li SD, Liao MN, Li CP, Zheng PJ, Guo MH, Tan WX, Zheng ZH, Hu Z. Anti-Aging Effect of Chitosan Oligosaccharide on d-Galactose-Induced Subacute Aging in Mice. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16060181. [PMID: 29794973 PMCID: PMC6025514 DOI: 10.3390/md16060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a natural polysaccharide with good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is the depolymerized product of chitosan possessing various biological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the possible anti-aging effect of COS on the aging model mouse induced by d-galactose (d-gal) and explore the underlying mechanism. In the experiment, 48 male Kunming mice (KM mice) were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, positive group, and low-medium-high dose polysaccharide groups (300, 600, 1200 mg/kg/day). The results showed that COS, by intragastric gavage after subcutaneous injection of d-gal (250 mg/kg/day) into the neck of mice consecutively for eight weeks, gradually recovered the body weight, the activity of daily living, and organ indices of mice, as well as effectively ameliorated the histological deterioration of the liver and kidney in mice triggered by d-gal. To be specific, COS obviously improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney of KM mice, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels when compared with those in model group mice. Furthermore, COS not only elevated the diminished levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM induced by d-gal, but also significantly inhibited the d-gal-caused upregulation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid (UA) and creatinine (CREA) levels as compared with those of mice in the model group. These results demonstrate that COS has an obvious anti-aging activity in d-gal-induced subacute aging mice, the mechanism of which, to some extent, is associated with enhancing the antioxidant defenses, reducing oxidative stress, and improving the immune function of aging model mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Zhi Kong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Si-Dong Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Ming-Neng Liao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Cheng-Peng Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Pin-Jin Zheng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Min-Hui Guo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Wei-Xiang Tan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Zheng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Zhang Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chitooligosaccharides and their biological activities: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:243-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
38
|
Chitosan oligosaccharide ameliorates acute lung injury induced by blast injury through the DDAH1/ADMA pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192135. [PMID: 29415054 PMCID: PMC5802901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by blast injury, and explore possible molecular mechanisms. Methods A mouse model of blast injury-induced ALI was established using a self-made explosive device. Thirty mice were randomly assigned to control, ALI and ALI + COS groups. An eight-channel physiological monitor was used to determine the mouse physiological index. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum inflammatory factors. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, immunofluorescence staining, real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to detect inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Results Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after successful model induction. Compared with the ALI group, the heart rate, respiration and PCO2 were significantly lower, but the PO2, TCO2 and HCO3- were significantly higher in the ALI + COS group. Compared to ALI alone, COS treatment of ALI caused a significant decrease in the wet/dry lung weight ratio, indicating a reduction in lung edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and nuclear factor kappa B mRNA and protein expression were reduced and IL-10 mRNA and protein expression was increased (P < 0.05). COS significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species, MDA5 and IREα mRNA and protein expressions, cell apoptosis and Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expressions, and significantly increased superoxide dismutase-1 mRNA expression, and Bcl-2 and Caspase-8 mRNA and protein expression (all P<0.05). COS significantly increased dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) protein expression, and reduced ADMA and p38 protein expression (P< 0.05). Conclusion Blast injury causes inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the lung tissues of mice. COS has protective effects on blast injury-induced ALI, possibly by promoting DDAH1 expression and inhibiting ADMA and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Collapse
|
39
|
Hydrogen Sulphide Treatment Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Improves Oxidant Metabolism through the CaMKKbeta-AMPK Pathway in PA-Induced IR C2C12 Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13248. [PMID: 29038536 PMCID: PMC5643337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported attenuation of insulin resistance (IR) by improving phosphorylation of the insulin signalling pathway. However, the upstream molecular signalling pathway is still elusive. In this study, Western blot was used to evaluate the phosphorylation level of the insulin signalling pathway and the AMPK pathway. 2-NBDG was used to evaluate glucose uptake. Ca2+ imaging was used to assess change of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. We found that NaHS enhanced the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and glucose uptake and activated the insulin signalling cascade in a palmitic acid (PA)-induced IR model in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, activation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT pathway and glucose uptake were decreased when AMPK or CaMKKβ was inhibited. Our study also showed that the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ATP production, and intramitochondrial cAMP declined in the IR model but that this effect was reversed by NaHS, an effect that may be mediated by the Ca2+/CaMKK2/AMPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Our data indicate that H2S improves activation of the insulin signalling cascade and glucose uptake via activation of the Ca2+/CaMKK2/AMPK pathway and mitochondrial metabolism in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, NaHS protects mitochondrial function and maintains normal ATP production by activating the cAMP system and the Ca2+/CaMKK2/AMPK and PI3K/ATK pathways.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cupino TL, Watson BA, Cupino AC, Oda K, Ghamsary MG, Soriano S, Kirsch WM. Stability and bioactivity of chitosan as a transfection agent in primary human cell cultures: A case for chitosan-only controls. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 180:376-384. [PMID: 29103517 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan polymers (Cs), from which microparticles (CsM) may be precipitated to deliver various intracellular payloads, are generally considered biologically inert. We examined the impact of cell culture conditions on CsM size and the effect of chitosan on CD59 expression in primary human smooth muscle cells. We found that particle concentration and incubation time in biological buffers augmented particle size. Between pH 7.0 and pH 7.5, CsM size increased abruptly. We utilized CsM containing a plasmid with a gene for CD59 (pCsM) to transfect cells. Both CD59 mRNA and the number of CD59-positive cells were increased after pCsM treatment. Unexpectedly, CsM also augmented the number of CD59-positive cells. Cs alone enhanced CD59 expression more potently than either pCSM or CsM. This observation strongly suggests that chitosan is in fact bioactive and that chitosan-only controls should be included to avoid misattributing the activity of the delivery agent with that of the payload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L Cupino
- Neurosurgery Center for Research, Training and Education, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States; Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
| | - Billy A Watson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States; Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Alan C Cupino
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Keiji Oda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Mark G Ghamsary
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States (Retired)
| | - Salvador Soriano
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Wolff M Kirsch
- Neurosurgery Center for Research, Training and Education, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu Q, Liu M, Liu Q, Wang W, Du Y, Yin H. The inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages via the PI3K/Akt pathway by highly N-acetylated chitooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:1138-1143. [PMID: 28821038 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) has been shown to regulate many biological functions, such as antimicrobial effect and antitumor activity. In the present study, highly N-acetylated chitooligosaccharide (NACOS) was prepared by N-acetylation of COS, and the anti-inflammatory activity of NACOS in macrophages were evaluated. The results indicated NACOS significantly suppressed the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. Furthermore, the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were repressed by NACOS in a dose dependent manner. However, NACOS itself had no significant effect on the cell viability and cellular morphology. Signal transduction studies demonstrated that NACOS remarkably inhibited LPS-enhanced phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt. These findings provide a possible molecular mechanism by which NACOS inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages, and a basis for utilizing NACOS in pharmaceutical therapy against inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meisi Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qishun Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuguang Du
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang H, Wang Q, Yang M, Yang L, Wang W, Ding H, Zhang D, Xu J, Tang X, Ding H, Wang Q. Histomorphology and innate immunity during the progression of osteoarthritis: Does synovitis affect cartilage degradation? J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1342-1358. [PMID: 28513840 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative disease that affects all joints. At present, the pathological processes and mechanisms of OA are still unclear. Innate immunity, a key player in damage to the structure of the joint and the mechanism by which the host attempts to repair OA, affects all pathological stages of the disease. In the present study, our aim was to assess changes in innate immunity during the pathological processes of OA in articular cartilage (AC) and the synovial membrane (SM), which are the major structures in joints, and to systematically examine the histological changes in AC and SM in mild, moderate and severe cases of OA, in order to further speculate about the manner in which the interactions of AC and SM are facilitated by innate immunity. Histological methods (including HE and Safranin O-fast green staining), immunofluorescent double staining, TUNEL stain, and Western blots were used to assess the morphological changes within AC and SM tissues in healthy and mild, moderate, or severe OA rats. Our results showed that the damage to AC and SM within the joints progressively worsened in different degrees during the course of the disease, and that the innate immune system was closely involved in the AC and SM during each stage of OA. These findings also confirmed that SM may affect the pathological changes in AC through the innate immune system, and therefore affect the progress of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haobin Ding
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Haitao Ding
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfu Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
刘 海, 姜 曼, 陈 朝, 李 彦, 侯 中, 李 温, 战 淑. 壳寡糖改善TNBS/乙醇法诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:1352-1359. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i15.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
目的 观察壳寡糖(chitosan oligosaccharide, COS)对2,4,6一三硝基苯磺酸(2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, TNBS)/乙醇法诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)的改善作用, 探讨其治疗UC的作用机制.
方法 采用TNBS/乙醇法制备UC小鼠模型, 小鼠随机分3组: 正常组、模型组、COS组. 造模成功后给予干预治疗, 分别在12、24 h处死全部小鼠, 进行一般状态、形态及组织学观察(肉眼观察、显微镜观察); 应用Western blot检测COS组小鼠于COS处理0、12、24 h后对核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB, NF-κB)表达的影响.
结果 COS组小鼠一般状态较模型组好转. 模型组小鼠结肠黏膜组织损伤肉眼观积分较正常组明显增高(12 h组: 4.5±0.5 vs 0; 24 h组: 4.67±0.47 vs 0), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). COS组肉眼积分较模型组明显下降(12 h组: 2.67±0.47 vs 4.5±0.5; 24 h组: 1.83±0.69 vs 4.67±0.47), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). COS 12 h组肉眼积分较24 h组差异不显著(2.67±0.47 vs 1.83±0.69), 无统计学意义(P>0.05). 模型组小鼠结肠黏膜组织病理积分较正常组明显升高(12 h组: 8.00±0.63 vs 0; 24 h组: 8.17±0.75 vs 0), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). COS组小鼠结肠组织病理积分较模型组明显下降(12 h组: 3.67±0.52 vs 8.00±0.63; 24 h组: 3.83±0.41 vs 8.17±0.75), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). COS 12 h组小鼠结肠组织病理积分与COS 24 h组比较差异不显著(3.67±0.52 vs 3.83±0.41), 无统计学意义(P>0.05). COS组小鼠于COS处理12、24 h后NF-κB表达下调, 表明COS抑制NF-κB表达.
结论 COS通过抑制NF-κB的表达对TNBS/乙醇法诱导的UC小鼠有改善作用.
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu Q, Xiao XH, Hu LB, Jie HY, Wang Y, Ye WC, Li MM, Liu Z. Anhuienoside C Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis through Inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:299. [PMID: 28603496 PMCID: PMC5445104 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemone flaccida Fr. Schmidt (Ranunculaceae) (Di Wu in Chinese) is used to treat punch injuries and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our previous report has shown that crude triterpenoid saponins from Anemone flaccida exhibited anti-arthritic effects on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Furthermore, anhuienoside C (AC), a saponin compound isolated from A. flaccida, was observed to suppress the nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, we examined the effects of AC on the prevention and treatment of collagen-induced arthritis in a mouse model and evaluated the potential mechanisms involved. We observed that oral administration of AC significantly suppressed the paw swelling and arthritic score, decreased the body weight loss, and decreased the spleen index. Improvement in the disease severity was accompanied by the reduction of cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68)-positive cells in the ankle joint and inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the synovium of the joint. Mechanistic studies indicated that AC exerted its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and by suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. AC also blocked the LPS-induced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Additionally, the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was significantly suppressed by AC treatment, as indicated by down-regulation of TLR4 and inhibition of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and by activation and degradation of the inhibitor of kappa B. These findings indicated that AC has a great potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for human RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Xiangnan UniversityChenzhou, China
| | - Xu-Hui Xiao
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Liu-Bing Hu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yang Jie
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Man-Mei Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mineral-balanced deep sea water enhances the inhibitory effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory response. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
46
|
Wan J, Jiang F, Xu Q, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Mao X, Yu J, He J. New insights into the role of chitosan oligosaccharide in enhancing growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal development of weaned pigs. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), an oligomer ofd-glucosamine, is a vital growth stimulant in the pig industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science
- Dalian Ocean University
- Dalian 116023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Muanprasat C, Chatsudthipong V. Chitosan oligosaccharide: Biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:80-97. [PMID: 27773783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an oligomer of β-(1➔4)-linked d-glucosamine. COS can be prepared from the deacetylation and hydrolysis of chitin, which is commonly found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and insects and the cell walls of fungi. COS is water soluble, non-cytotoxic, readily absorbed through the intestine and mainly excreted in the urine. Of particular importance, COS and its derivatives have been demonstrated to possess several biological activities including anti-inflammation, immunostimulation, anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-hypertension, anti-Alzheimer's disease, tissue regeneration promotion, drug and DNA delivery enhancement, anti-microbial, anti-oxidation and calcium-absorption enhancement. The mechanisms of actions of COS have been found to involve the modulation of several important pathways including the suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This review summarizes the current knowledge of the preparation methods, pharmacokinetic profiles, biological activities, potential therapeutic applications and safety profiles of COS and its derivatives. In addition, future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Muanprasat
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|