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Deng Q, Huang Y, Zeng J, Li X, Zheng X, Guo L, Shi J, Bai L. Recent advancements in the small-molecule drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Structure-activity relationships, pharmacological activities, and the clinical trials. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117343. [PMID: 39180795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world and the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and it is urgent to find safe and effective drugs for treatment. As an important therapeutic method, small-molecule drugs are continually being updated to achieve improved therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural effects of various FDA-listed small-molecule drugs sorafenib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib, and regorafenib on the corresponding HCC targets and possible structural optimization methods, and to explore the mechanism for identifying potential therapeutic drugs that offer better efficacy and fewer side effects. METHODS The structure-activity relationship, pharmacological actions, and clinical applications of small-molecule drugs were reviewed by referencing MEDLINE, Web of Science, CNKI, and other databases, summarizing and integrating the relevant content. RESULTS The results showed that small-molecule drugs can inhibit HCC primarily by forming hydrogen bonds with Glu885, Asp1046, and Cys919 on the HCC target. HCC can be targeted by inhibiting the activation of multiple pathways, blocking the conduction of downstream signaling, and reducing the formation of tumor blood vessels. In general, small-molecule drugs primarily target four key receptors in HCC: VEGFR, PDGFR, EGFR, and FGFR, to achieve effective treatment. CONCLUSIONS By revealing their structure-activity relationships, pharmacological actions, and clinical trials, small-molecule drugs can offer broad prospects for the development of new medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianyi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Bademler S, Kılıç B, Üçüncü M, Zirtiloglu A, İlhan B. The Role of Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer: A Study on CCR5, CCL5, PDGF, and EphA7. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:10651-10661. [PMID: 39329983 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46090632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of screening programs, gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis may only be possible at an advanced stage. In this study, we examined the serum levels of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and EphrinA7 (EphA7) in patients with gastric carcinoma and healthy controls to investigate the significance and usability of these potential biomarkers in the early diagnosis of GC. The study enrolled 69 GC patients and 40 healthy individuals. CCR5, CCL5, PDGF-BB, and EphA7 levels, which have been identified in the carcinogenesis of many cancers, were measured in the blood samples using the ELISA method. CCR5, CCL5, PDGF-BB, and EphA7 were all correlated with GC diagnosis (CCR5, p < 0.001, r = -0.449; CCL5, p = 0.014, r = -0.234; PDGF-BB, p < 0.001, r = -0.700; EPHA7, p < 0.001, r = -0.617). The serum CCR5, EphA7, and especially the PDGF-BB levels of the patients diagnosed with GC were discovered to be significantly higher compared to the healthy controls. PDGF-BB had the highest positive and negative predictive values when evaluated in ROC analysis to determine its diagnostic significance (cut-off value: 59.8 ng/L; AUC: 0.92 (0.87-0.97)). As far as we know, this is the first study to investigate the potential connection between GC and these four biomarkers. The fact that serum CCR5, CCL5, EphA7, and especially PDGF-BB levels in the patient group were significantly higher compared to healthy controls indicates that they can be used with high accuracy in the early diagnosis of GC. In addition, the levels of CCR5, PDGF-BB, and EphA7 can be used as important indicators to predict the biological behavior and prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Bademler
- Department of Surgery, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berkay Kılıç
- Department of Surgery, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Üçüncü
- Department of Health Science Institute, Istanbul Gelisim University, 34310 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alisan Zirtiloglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 34147 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak İlhan
- Department of Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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Foutadakis S, Kordias D, Vatsellas G, Magklara A. Identification of New Chemoresistance-Associated Genes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6853. [PMID: 38999963 PMCID: PMC11241600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive mammary neoplasia with a high fatality rate, mainly because of the development of resistance to administered chemotherapy, the standard treatment for this disease. In this study, we employ both bulk RNA-sequencing and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the transcriptional landscape of TNBC cells cultured in two-dimensional monolayers or three-dimensional spheroids, before and after developing resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents paclitaxel and doxorubicin. Our findings reveal significant transcriptional heterogeneity within the TNBC cell populations, with the scRNA-seq identifying rare subsets of cells that express resistance-associated genes not detected by the bulk RNA-seq. Furthermore, we observe a partial shift towards a highly mesenchymal phenotype in chemoresistant cells, suggesting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a prevalent mechanism of resistance in subgroups of these cells. These insights highlight potential therapeutic targets, such as the PDGF signaling pathway mediating EMT, which could be exploited in this setting. Our study underscores the importance of single-cell approaches in understanding tumor heterogeneity and developing more effective, personalized treatment strategies to overcome chemoresistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Foutadakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Kordias
- Biomedical Research Institute-Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Angeliki Magklara
- Biomedical Research Institute-Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Hussain S, Mursal M, Verma G, Hasan SM, Khan MF. Targeting oncogenic kinases: Insights on FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176484. [PMID: 38467235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases play pivotal roles in various biological functions, influencing cell differentiation, promoting survival, and regulating the cell cycle. The disruption of protein kinase activity is intricately linked to pathways in tumor development. This manuscript explores the transformative impact of protein kinase inhibitors on cancer therapy, particularly their efficacy in cases driven by targeted mutations. Focusing on key tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like Bcr-Abl, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR), it targets critical kinase families in cancer progression. Clinical trial details of these TKIs offer insights into their therapeutic potentials. Learning from FDA-approved kinase inhibitors, the review dissects trends in kinase drug development since imatinib's paradigm-shifting approval in 2001. TKIs have evolved into pivotal drugs, extending beyond oncology. Ongoing clinical trials explore novel kinase targets, revealing the vast potential within the human kinome. The manuscript provides a detailed analysis of advancements until 2022, discussing the roles of specific oncogenic protein kinases in cancer development and carcinogenesis. Our exploration on PubMed for relevant and significant TKIs undergoing pre-FDA approval phase III clinical trials enriches the discussion with valuable findings. While kinase inhibitors exhibit lower toxicity than traditional chemotherapy in cancer treatment, challenges like resistance and side effects emphasize the necessity of understanding resistance mechanisms, prompting the development of novel inhibitors like osimertinib targeting specific mutant proteins. The review advocates thorough research on effective combination therapies, highlighting the future development of more selective RTKIs to optimize patient-specific cancer treatment and reduce adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohd Mursal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Garima Verma
- RWE Specialist, HealthPlix Technologies, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103, India
| | - Syed Misbahul Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
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Roskoski R. Combination immune checkpoint and targeted protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of renal cell carcinomas. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107181. [PMID: 38614375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Kidney cancers comprise about 3% of all new malignancies in the United States. Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are the most common type of renal malignancy making up about 85% of kidney cancer cases. Signs and symptoms of renal cell carcinomas can result from local tumor growth, paraneoplastic syndromes, or distant metastases. The classic triad of presentation with flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable abdominal mass occurs in fewer than 10% of patients. Most diagnoses result from incidental imaging findings (ultrasonography or abdominal CT imaging) performed for another reason. Localized disease is treated by partial nephrectomy, total nephrectomy, or ablation (tumor destruction with heat or cold). When the tumors have metastasized, systemic therapy with protein-tyrosine kinase antagonists including sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, and tivozanib that target vascular endothelial, platelet-derived, fibroblast, hepatocyte, and stem cell factor growth factor receptors (VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, MET, and Kit) were prescribed after 2005. The monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab (targeting programed cell death protein 1, PD1) was approved for the treatment of RCCs in 2015. It is usually used now in combination with ipilimumab (targeting CTLA-4) or cabozantinib (a multikinase blocker). Other combination therapies include pembrolizumab (targeting PD1) and axitinib (a VEGFR and PDGFR blocker) or lenvatinib (a multikinase inhibitor). Since the KEYNOTE-426 clinical trial, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors is now the standard of care for most patients with metastatic renal cell carcinomas and monotherapies are used only in those individuals who cannot receive or tolerate immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 221 Haywood Knolls Drive, Hendersonville, NC 28791, United States.
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Huang W, Zheng N, Niu N, Tan Y, Li Y, Tian H. Potent anti-angiogenic component in Kaempferia galanga L. and its mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117811. [PMID: 38286156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally, the roots of Kaempferia galanga has been used to treat high blood pressure, chest pain, headache, toothache, rheumatism, indigestion, cough, inflammation and cancer in Asia. Nevertheless, most of its pharmacological studies were focused on ethanolic extracts and volatile oils. The exact active chemical constituents and their underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood, especially towards its anti-cancer treatment. Inhibition of angiogenesis is an important atrategy to inhibit tumor growth. It has been reported that the low polar component of the plant possessed anti-angiogenic activity. Yet, the potent compound which is responsible for the effect and its molecular mechanism has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the potent anti-angiogenic component in K.galanga and its mechanism of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS The low polar components of the plant were concentrated using the methods of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), subcritical extraction (SCE) and steam distillation (SD). The anti-angiogenic activity of the three extracts was evaluated using a zebrafish model. The content of the active compound in those extracts was determined with HPLC analysis. The in-vitro and in-vivo activity of the isolated compound was evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) model, the aortic ring assay and the matrigel plug assay, respectively. Its molecular mechanism was further studied by the western blotting assay and computer-docking experiments. Besides, its cytotoxicity on cancer and normal cell lines was evaluated using the cell-counting kit. RESULTS HPLC results showed that trans-ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (TEM) was the major component of the extracts. The extract of SFE showed the best effect as it has the highest content of TEM. TEM could inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced viability, migration, invasion and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Moreover, it inhibited VEGF-induced sprout formation ex vivo and vessel formation in vivo. Mechanistic study showed that it could suppress tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor of VEGF (VEGFR2) and alter its downstream signaling pathways. In addition, the molecular docking showed that the binding of TEM and VEGFR2 is stable, which mainly attributed to the non-covalent binding interaction. Beside, TEM possessed little toxicity to both cancer and normal cells. CONCLUSION TEM is the major anti-angiogenic component present in K. galanga and its anti-angiogenic property rather than toxicity provides scientific basis for the traditional use of K. galanga in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nianjue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naxin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaolan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hausmann M, Seuwen K, de Vallière C, Busch M, Ruiz PA, Rogler G. Role of pH-sensing receptors in colitis. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:611-622. [PMID: 38514581 PMCID: PMC11006753 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Low pH in the gut is associated with severe inflammation, fibrosis, and colorectal cancer (CRC) and is a hallmark of active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Subsequently, pH-sensing mechanisms are of interest for the understanding of IBD pathophysiology. Tissue hypoxia and acidosis-two contributing factors to disease pathophysiology-are linked to IBD, and understanding their interplay is highly relevant for the development of new therapeutic options. One member of the proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, GPR65 (T-cell death-associated gene 8, TDAG8), was identified as a susceptibility gene for IBD in a large genome-wide association study. In response to acidic extracellular pH, GPR65 induces an anti-inflammatory response, whereas the two other proton-sensing receptors, GPR4 and GPR68 (ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1, OGR1), mediate pro-inflammatory responses. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of these proton-sensing receptors in IBD and IBD-associated fibrosis and cancer, as well as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We also describe emerging small molecule modulators of these receptors as therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Moana Busch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
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Fares J, Wan Y, Mair R, Price SJ. Molecular diversity in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type glioblastoma. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae108. [PMID: 38646145 PMCID: PMC11032202 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the dynamic landscape of glioblastoma, the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System tumours endeavoured to establish biological homogeneity, yet isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type (IDH-wt) glioblastoma persists as a tapestry of clinical and molecular diversity. Intertumoural heterogeneity in IDH-wt glioblastoma presents a formidable challenge in treatment strategies. Recent strides in genetics and molecular biology have enhanced diagnostic precision, revealing distinct subtypes and invasive patterns that influence survival in patients with IDH-wt glioblastoma. Genetic and molecular biomarkers, such as the overexpression of neurofibromin 1, phosphatase and tensin homolog and/or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, along with specific immune cell abundance and neurotransmitters, correlate with favourable outcomes. Conversely, increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and/or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, coupled with the prevalence of glioma stem cells, tumour-associated myeloid cells, regulatory T cells and exhausted effector cells, signifies an unfavourable prognosis. The methylation status of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and the influence of microenvironmental factors and neurotransmitters further shape treatment responses. Understanding intertumoural heterogeneity is complemented by insights into intratumoural dynamics and cellular interactions within the tumour microenvironment. Glioma stem cells and immune cell composition significantly impact progression and outcomes, emphasizing the need for personalized therapies targeting pro-tumoural signalling pathways and resistance mechanisms. A successful glioblastoma management demands biomarker identification, combination therapies and a nuanced approach considering intratumoural variability. These advancements herald a transformative era in glioblastoma comprehension and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Academic Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yizhou Wan
- Academic Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard Mair
- Academic Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen J Price
- Academic Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Wu J, Liu Y, Fu Q, Cao Z, Ma X, Li X. Characterization of tumor-associated endothelial cells and the development of a prognostic model in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130545. [PMID: 38141886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment. Angiogenesis is of paramount importance in the proliferation and metastasis of PDAC. However, currently, there are no well-defined biomarkers available to guide the prognosis and treatment of PDAC. In this study, we investigated the interactions between tumor-associated endothelial cells (TAECs) and tumor cells in PDAC, and identified a specific subset of TAECs characterized by high expression of COL4A1. COL4A1+ endothelial cells interact with tumor cells through the COLLAGEN signaling pathway to promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. We also observed activation of HOXD9 in COL4A1+ endothelial cells. Based on these findings, we developed a prognostic model called TaEMS, which accurately predicts patient prognosis. TaEMS identified high-risk patients enriched in cell cycle-related pathways and low-risk patients enriched in focal adhesions, smooth muscle regulation, and immune pathways. Moreover, high-risk patients displayed a reduced level of immune cell infiltration, indicating the presence of a "cold tumor" phenotype. Overall, our study uncovered an intricate crosstalk between TAECs and tumor cells in PDAC, emphasizing the role of HOXD9 and highlighting the potential of TaEMS as a prognostic biomarker for precise therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443003, China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Xun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443003, China.
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Guo X, Zhang H, He C, Qin K, Lai Q, Fang Y, Chen Q, Li W, Wang Y, Wang X, Li A, Liu S, Li Q. RUNX1 promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer by regulating the crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor associated macrophages. Biomark Res 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38419056 PMCID: PMC10903076 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide. Angiogenesis and metastasis are the critical hallmarks of malignant tumor. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), an efficient transcription factor, facilitates CRC proliferation, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. We aimed to investigate the RUNX1 mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and M2 polarized tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in CRC, as well as its relationship with neoplastic angiogenesis. We found that RUNX1 recruited macrophages and induced M2 polarized TAMs in CRC by promoting the production of chemokine 2 (CCL2) and the activation of Hedgehog pathway. In addition, we found that the M2 macrophage-specific generated cytokine, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, promoted vessel formation both in vitro and vivo. PDGF-BB was also found to enhance the expression of RUNX1 in CRC cell lines, and promote its migration and invasion in vitro. A positive feedback loop of RUNX1 and PDGF-BB was thus formed. In conclusion, our data suggest that RUNX1 promotes CRC angiogenesis by regulating M2 macrophages during the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and TAMs. This observation provides a potential combined therapy strategy targeting RUNX1 and TAMs-related PDGF-BB in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxue Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengcheng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiwen Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuhua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weize Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Roskoski R. Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors: A 2024 update. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107059. [PMID: 38216005 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the dysregulation of protein kinase activity in many diseases including cancer, this enzyme family has become one of the most important drug targets in the 21st century. There are 80 FDA-approved therapeutic agents that target about two dozen different protein kinases and seven of these drugs were approved in 2023. Of the approved drugs, thirteen target protein-serine/threonine protein kinases, four are directed against dual specificity protein kinases (MEK1/2), twenty block nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, and 43 inhibit receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. The data indicate that 69 of these drugs are prescribed for the treatment of neoplasms. Six drugs (abrocitinib, baricitinib, deucravacitinib, ritlecitinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib) are used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and ulcerative colitis). Of the 80 approved drugs, nearly two dozen are used in the treatment of multiple diseases. The following seven drugs received FDA approval in 2023: capivasertib (HER2-positive breast cancer), fruquintinib (metastatic colorectal cancer), momelotinib (myelofibrosis), pirtobrutinib (mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma), quizartinib (Flt3-mutant acute myelogenous leukemia), repotrectinib (ROS1-positive lung cancer), and ritlecitinib (alopecia areata). All of the FDA-approved drugs are orally effective with the exception of netarsudil, temsirolimus, and trilaciclib. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties of all 80 FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors including the molecular weight, number of hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, polar surface area, potency, solubility, lipophilic efficiency, and ligand efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 221 Haywood Knolls Drive, Hendersonville, NC 28791, United States.
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13
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Roskoski R. Cost in the United States of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors used in the treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107036. [PMID: 38096958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Because genetic alterations including mutations, overexpression, translocations, and dysregulation of protein kinases are involved in the pathogenesis of many illnesses, this enzyme family is the target of many drug discovery programs worldwide. The FDA has approved 80 small molecule protein kinase inhibitors with 77 drugs orally bioavailable. The data indicate that 69 of these medicinals are approved for the management of neoplasms including solid tumors such as breast and lung cancer as well as non-solid tumors such as leukemia. Moreover, the remaining 11 drugs target non-neoplastic diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. The cost of drugs was obtained from www.pharmacychecker.com using the FDA label to determine the dosage and number of tablets required per day. This methodology excludes any private or governmental insurance coverage, which would cover the entire cost or more likely a fraction of the stated price. The average monthly cost for the treatment of neoplastic diseases was $17,900 with a price of $44,000 for futibatinib (used to treat cholangiocarcinomas with FGFR2 fusions) and minimum of $5100 for binimetinib (melanoma). The average monthly cost for the treatment of non-neoplastic diseases was $6800 with a maximum of $17,000 for belumosudil (graft vs. host disease) and a minimum of $200 for netarsudil eye drops (glaucoma). There is a negative correlation of the cost of the drugs and the incidence of the targeted disease. Many of these agents are or were designated as orphan drugs meaning that there are fewer than 200,000 potential patients in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 221 Haywood Knolls Drive, Hendersonville, NC 28791, United States.
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14
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Jiao T, Wang Y, Lin X, Song W, Wang L, Rahman TMS, Xu L, Nie L, Zhang Q, Li J. Axitinib targets cardiac fibrosis in pressure overload-induced heart failure through VEGFA-KDR pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1256156. [PMID: 38020087 PMCID: PMC10667428 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1256156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are no specific clinical medications that target cardiac fibrosis in heart failure (HF). Recent studies have shown that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may benefit fibrosis in various organs. However, there is limited research on their application in cardiac fibrosis. Axitinib, an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was used to evaluate its effects on cardiac fibrosis and function in pressure overload-induced heart failure. Methods To build a pharmacological network, the pharmacological targets of axitinib were first retrieved from databases and coupled with key heart failure gene molecules for analysis and prediction. To validate the results outlined above, 8-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were orally administrated of axitinib (30 mg/kg) daily for 8 weeks after Transverse Aortic Constriction (TAC) surgery. Mouse cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts were used as cell lines to test the function and mechanism of axitinib. Results We found that the pharmacological targets of axitinib could form a pharmacological network with key genes involved in heart failure. The VEGFA-KDR pathway was found to be closely related to the differential gene expression of human heart-derived primary cardiomyocyte cell lines treated with axitinib, based on analysis of the publicly available dataset. The outcomes of animal experiments demonstrated that axitinib therapy greatly reduced cardiac fibrosis and improved TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction. Further research has shown that the expression of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) and other fibrosis genes was significantly reduced in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Our study provides evidence for the repurposing of axitinib to combat cardiac fibrosis, and offers new insights into the treatment of patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqi Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Practice, Jinyang Community Health Service Center in Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tapu Md Sakibur Rahman
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lindong Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Dewdney B, Jenkins MR, Best SA, Freytag S, Prasad K, Holst J, Endersby R, Johns TG. From signalling pathways to targeted therapies: unravelling glioblastoma's secrets and harnessing two decades of progress. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:400. [PMID: 37857607 PMCID: PMC10587102 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a rare, and highly lethal form of brain cancer, poses significant challenges in terms of therapeutic resistance, and poor survival rates for both adult and paediatric patients alike. Despite advancements in brain cancer research driven by a technological revolution, translating our understanding of glioblastoma pathogenesis into improved clinical outcomes remains a critical unmet need. This review emphasises the intricate role of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms, and metabolic functions in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and therapeutic resistance. We also discuss the extensive efforts over the past two decades that have explored targeted therapies against these pathways. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as antibody-toxin conjugates or CAR T cell therapies, offer potential by specifically targeting proteins on the glioblastoma cell surface. Combination strategies incorporating protein-targeted therapy and immune-based therapies demonstrate great promise for future clinical research. Moreover, gaining insights into the role of cell-of-origin in glioblastoma treatment response holds the potential to advance precision medicine approaches. Addressing these challenges is crucial to improving outcomes for glioblastoma patients and moving towards more effective precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Dewdney
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Misty R Jenkins
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah A Best
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Krishneel Prasad
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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16
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Beirne DF, Farkaš B, Donati C, Gandin V, Rozas I, Velasco-Torrijos T, Montagner D. Novel design of dual-action Pt(IV) anticancer pro-drugs based on cisplatin and derivatives of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and nilotinib. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14110-14122. [PMID: 37747105 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02030d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases (TKs) are emerging as important targets in cancer therapy and some of their inhibitors, TKIs (e.g. imatinib and nilotinib), are FDA-approved drugs that are used as selective anti-cancer therapeutics against cell lines that overexpress TKs. Many examples of metal-based complexes functionalised with TKIs are reported in the literature but very few have been functionalised with platinum. Here we report the design, a detailed computational analysis/simulation, the complete chemical characterisation and the preliminary biological evaluation of two novel Pt(IV) anticancer pro-drugs based on cisplatin tethered with a derivative of either imatinib or nilotinib in the axial position. Pt(IV) complexes are a strategic scaffold in combination therapy due to their axial ligands that can be functionalised to form dual action drugs. The activation by reduction releases the Pt(II) core and the axial ligands upon cellular internalisation. The antiproliferative activity and the TK inhibition properties of the novel adducts are analysed with a theoretical approach and confirmed in vitro with preliminary biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Ireland.
- Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Ireland
| | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Ireland.
- Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Ireland
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17
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Wang W(J, Snider N. Discovery and Potential Utility of a Novel Non-Invasive Ocular Delivery Platform. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2344. [PMID: 37765311 PMCID: PMC10535219 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To this day, the use of oily eye drops and non-invasive retinal delivery remain a major challenge. Oily eye drops usually cause ocular irritation and interfere with the normal functioning of the eye, while ocular injections for retinal drug delivery cause significant adverse effects and a high burden on the healthcare system. Here, the authors report a novel topical non-invasive ocular delivery platform (NIODP) through the periorbital skin for high-efficiency anterior and posterior ocular delivery in a non-human primate model (NHP). A single dose of about 7 mg JV-MD2 (omega 3 DHA) was delivered via the NIODP and reached the retina at a Cmax of 111 µg/g and the cornea at a Cmax of 66 µg/g. The NIODP also delivered JV-DE1, an anti-inflammatory agent in development for dry eye diseases, as efficiently as eye drops did to the anterior segments of the NHP. The topical NIODP seems to transport drug candidates through the corneal pathway to the anterior and via the conjunctiva/sclera pathway to the posterior segments of the eye. The novel NIODP method has the potential to reshape the landscape of ocular drug delivery. This is especially the case for oily eye drops and retinal delivery, where the success of the treatment lies in the ocular tolerability and bioavailability of drugs in the target tissue.
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18
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Ge Z, Zhang Q, Lin W, Jiang X, Zhang Y. The role of angiogenic growth factors in the immune microenvironment of glioma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1254694. [PMID: 37790751 PMCID: PMC10542410 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1254694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) are a class of secreted cytokines related to angiogenesis that mainly include vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and angiopoietins (ANGs). Accumulating evidence indicates that the role of AGFs is not only limited to tumor angiogenesis but also participating in tumor progression by other mechanisms that go beyond their angiogenic role. AGFs were shown to be upregulated in the glioma microenvironment characterized by extensive angiogenesis and high immunosuppression. AGFs produced by tumor and stromal cells can exert an immunomodulatory role in the glioma microenvironment by interacting with immune cells. This review aims to sum up the interactions among AGFs, immune cells and cancer cells with a particular emphasis on glioma and tries to provide new perspectives for understanding the glioma immune microenvironment and in-depth explorations for anti-glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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19
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Gao Y, Ding Y, Tai XR, Zhang C, Wang D. Ponatinib: An update on its drug targets, therapeutic potential and safety. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188949. [PMID: 37399979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is a malignancy of the hematopoietic system, and as its pathogenesis has become better understood, three generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed. Ponatinib is the third-generation breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and Abelson (ABL) TKI, which has been influential in the leukemia therapy for a decade. Moreover, ponatinib is a potent multi-target kinase inhibitor that acts on various kinases, such as KIT, RET, and Src, making it a promising treatment option for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), lung cancer, myeloproliferative syndrome, and other diseases. The drug's significant cardiovascular toxicity poses a significant challenge to its clinical use, requiring the development of strategies to minimize its toxicity and side effects. In this article, the pharmacokinetics, targets, therapeutic potential, toxicity and production mechanism of ponatinib will be reviewed. Furthermore, we will discuss methods to reduce the drug's toxicity, providing new avenues for research to improve its safety in clinical use.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/pharmacology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/chemically induced
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yue Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xin-Ran Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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20
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Knoedler S, Broichhausen S, Guo R, Dai R, Knoedler L, Kauke-Navarro M, Diatta F, Pomahac B, Machens HG, Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Fibroblasts - the cellular choreographers of wound healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233800. [PMID: 37646029 PMCID: PMC10461395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries to our skin trigger a cascade of spatially- and temporally-synchronized healing processes. During such endogenous wound repair, the role of fibroblasts is multifaceted, ranging from the activation and recruitment of innate immune cells through the synthesis and deposition of scar tissue to the conveyor belt-like transport of fascial connective tissue into wounds. A comprehensive understanding of fibroblast diversity and versatility in the healing machinery may help to decipher wound pathologies whilst laying the foundation for novel treatment modalities. In this review, we portray the diversity of fibroblasts and delineate their unique wound healing functions. In addition, we discuss future directions through a clinical-translational lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knoedler
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Broichhausen
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ruiji Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruoxuan Dai
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fortunay Diatta
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hans-Guenther Machens
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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21
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Xie J, Li F, Cai Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhai Z, Su Z, Chen X, Lei M, Liu R, Li W, Kang D, Chen X, Hong A. SAIF plays anti-angiogenesis via blocking VEGF-VEGFR2-ERK signal in tumor treatment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18240. [PMID: 37539189 PMCID: PMC10395482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shark cartilage was created as a cancer-fighting diet because it was believed to have an element that may suppress tumor growth. Due to overfishing, sharks have become endangered recently, making it impossible to harvest natural components from shark cartilage for therapeutic development research. Previously, we identified a peptide SAIF from shark cartilage with an-tiangiogenic and anti-tumor effects, successfully expressed it in Escherichia coli by using genetic engineering techniques. However, we did not elucidate the specific target of SAIF and its antiangiogenic molecular mechanism, which hindered its further drug development. Therefore, in this work, the exact mechanism of action was studied using various techniques, including cellular and in vivo animal models, computer-aided simulation, molecular target capture, and transcriptome sequencing analysis. With VEGF-VEGFR2 interaction and preventing the activation of VEGFR2/ERK signaling pathways, SAIF was discovered to decrease angiogenesis and hence significantly limit tumor development. The findings further demonstrated SAIF's strong safety and pharmaceutically potential. The evidence showed that SAIF, which is expressed by, is a potent and safe angiogenesis inhibitor and might be developed as a candidate peptide drug for the treatment of solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma and other conditions linked with angiogenic overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Xie
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fu Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuling Cai
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jinting Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhaodong Zhai
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zijian Su
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Minghua Lei
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rongzhan Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Weicai Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dianlong Kang
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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22
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Huang DX, Yang MX, Jiang ZM, Chen M, Chang K, Zhan YX, Gong X. Nerve trunk healing and neuroma formation after nerve transection injury. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1184246. [PMID: 37377855 PMCID: PMC10291201 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1184246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nerve trunk healing process of a transected peripheral nerve trunk is composed of angiogenesis, nerve fiber regeneration, and scarring. Nerve trunk healing and neuroma formation probably share identical molecular mediators and similar regulations. At the nerve transection site, angiogenesis is sufficient and necessary for nerve fiber regeneration. Angiogenesis and nerve fiber regeneration reveal a positive correlation in the early time. Scarring and nerve fiber regeneration show a negative correlation in the late phase. We hypothesize that anti-angiogenesis suppresses neuromas. Subsequently, we provide potential protocols to test our hypothesis. Finally, we recommend employing anti-angiogenic small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors to investigate nerve transection injuries.
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Mozzicafreddo M, Benfaremo D, Paolini C, Agarbati S, Svegliati Baroni S, Moroncini G. Screening and Analysis of Possible Drugs Binding to PDGFRα: A Molecular Modeling Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119623. [PMID: 37298573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) is a membrane tyrosine kinase receptor involved in several metabolic pathways, not only physiological but also pathological, as in tumor progression, immune-mediated diseases, and viral diseases. Considering this macromolecule as a druggable target for modulation/inhibition of these conditions, the aim of this work was to find new ligands or new information to design novel effective drugs. We performed an initial interaction screening with the human intracellular PDGFRα of about 7200 drugs and natural compounds contained in 5 independent databases/libraries implemented in the MTiOpenScreen web server. After the selection of 27 compounds, a structural analysis of the obtained complexes was performed. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analyses were also performed to understand the physicochemical properties of identified compounds to increase affinity and selectivity for PDGFRα. Among these 27 compounds, the drugs Bafetinib, Radotinib, Flumatinib, and Imatinib showed higher affinity for this tyrosine kinase receptor, lying in the nanomolar order, while the natural products included in this group, such as curcumin, luteolin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), showed sub-micromolar affinities. Although experimental studies are mandatory to fully understand the mechanisms behind PDGFRα inhibitors, the structural information obtained through this study could provide useful insight into the future development of more effective and targeted treatments for PDGFRα-related diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mozzicafreddo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Devis Benfaremo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Paolini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Agarbati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Svegliati Baroni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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24
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Yurttas AG, Okat Z, Elgun T, Cifci KU, Sevim AM, Gul A. Genetic deviation associated with photodynamic therapy in HeLa cell. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103346. [PMID: 36809810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method that is used in cancer treatment. The main therapeutic effect is the production of singlet oxygen (1O2). Phthalocyanines for PDT produce high singlet oxygen with absorbers of about 600-700 nm. AIM It is aimed to analyze cancer cell pathways by flow cytometry analysis and cancer-related genes with q-PCR device by applying phthalocyanine L1ZnPC, which we use as photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy, in HELA cell line. In this study, we investigate the molecular basis of L1ZnPC's anti-cancer activity. MATERIAL METHOD The cytotoxic effects of L1ZnPC, a phthalocyanine obtained from our previous study, in HELA cells were evaluated and it was determined that it led to a high rate of death as a result. The result of photodynamic therapy was analyzed using q-PCR. From the data received at the conclusion of this investigation, gene expression values were calculated, and expression levels were assessed using the 2-∆∆Ct method to examine the relative changes in these values. Cell death pathways were interpreted with the FLOW cytometer device. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison Test with Post-hoc Test were used for the statistical analysis. CONCLUSION In our study, it was observed that HELA cancer cells underwent apoptosis at a rate of 80% with drug application plus photodynamic therapy by flow cytometry method. According to q-PCR results, CT values of eight out of eighty-four genes were found to be significant and their association with cancer was evaluated. L1ZnPC is a new phthalocyanine used in this study and our findings should be supported by further studies. For this reason, different analyses are needed to be performed with this drug in different cancer cell lines. In conclusion, according to our results, this drug looks promising but still needs to be analyzed through new studies. It is necessary to examine in detail which signaling pathways they use and their mechanism of action. For this, additional experiments are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Gok Yurttas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zehra Okat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Elgun
- Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ucar Cifci
- Division of Basic Sciences and Health, Hemp Research Institute, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Turkey
| | - Altug Mert Sevim
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Martin-García D, Téllez T, Redondo M, García-Aranda M. Calcium Homeostasis in the Development of Resistant Breast Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2872. [PMID: 37296835 PMCID: PMC10251880 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main health problems worldwide. Only in 2020, this disease caused more than 19 million new cases and almost 10 million deaths, with breast cancer being the most diagnosed worldwide. Today, despite recent advances in breast cancer treatment, a significant percentage of patients will either not respond to therapy or will eventually experience lethal progressive disease. Recent studies highlighted the involvement of calcium in the proliferation or evasion of apoptosis in breast carcinoma cells. In this review, we provide an overview of intracellular calcium signaling and breast cancer biology. We also discuss the existing knowledge on how altered calcium homeostasis is implicated in breast cancer development, highlighting the potential utility of Ca2+ as a predictive and prognostic biomarker, as well as its potential for the development of new pharmacological treatments to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Martin-García
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (T.T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Teresa Téllez
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (T.T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC) and Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (T.T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC) and Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, Autovia A-7 km 187, 29602 Marbella, Spain
| | - Marilina García-Aranda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC) and Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, Autovia A-7 km 187, 29602 Marbella, Spain
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Hu J, Zhang D, Tian K, Ren C, Li H, Lin C, Huang X, Liu J, Mao W, Zhang J. Small-molecule LRRK2 inhibitors for PD therapy: Current achievements and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115475. [PMID: 37201428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multifunctional protein that orchestrates a diverse array of cellular processes, including vesicle transport, autophagy, lysosome degradation, neurotransmission, and mitochondrial activity. Hyperactivation of LRRK2 triggers vesicle transport dysfunction, neuroinflammation, accumulation of α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the loss of cilia, ultimately leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, targeting LRRK2 protein is a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. The clinical translation of LRRK2 inhibitors was historically impeded by issues surrounding tissue specificity. Recent studies have identified LRRK2 inhibitors that have no effect on peripheral tissues. Currently, there are four small-molecule LRRK2 inhibitors undergoing clinical trials. This review provides a summary of the structure and biological functions of LRRK2, along with an overview of the binding modes and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of small-molecule inhibitors targeting LRRK2. It offers valuable references for developing novel drugs targeting LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Keyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Wuyu Mao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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27
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Bao H, Li B, You Q, Dun X, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Li Y, Jiang Q, Zhang R, Chen R, Chen W, Zheng Y, Li D, Cui L. Exposure to real-ambient particulate matter induced vascular hypertrophy through activation of PDGFRβ. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:130985. [PMID: 36801716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular toxicity induced by particulate matter (PM) exposure exacerbates the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases; however, its detailed mechanism remains unclear. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) acts as a mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and is therefore essential for normal vasoformation. However, the potential effects of PDGFRβ on VSMCs in PM-induced vascular toxicity have not yet been elucidated. METHODS To reveal the potential roles of PDGFRβ signalling in vascular toxicity, individually ventilated cage (IVC)-based real-ambient PM exposure system mouse models and PDGFRβ overexpression mouse models were established in vivo, along with in vitro VSMCs models. RESULTS Vascular hypertrophy was observed following PM-induced PDGFRβ activation in C57/B6 mice, and the regulation of hypertrophy-related genes led to vascular wall thickening. Enhanced PDGFRβ expression in VSMCs aggravated PM-induced smooth muscle hypertrophy, which was attenuated by inhibiting the PDGFRβ and janus kinase 2 /signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathways. CONCLUSION Our study identified the PDGFRβ gene as a potential biomarker of PM-induced vascular toxicity. PDGFRβ induced hypertrophic effects through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which may be a biological target for the vascular toxic effects caused by PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Bao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Benying Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing You
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Dun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Pei T, Dai Y, Tan X, Geng A, Li S, Gui Y, Hu C, An J, Yu X, Bao X, Wang D. Yupingfeng San exhibits anticancer effect in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the MAPK pathway revealed by HTS 2 technology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116134. [PMID: 36627003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yupingfeng San (YPFS) is a classic rousing prescription in Chinese medicine, with widly clinical application and remarkably curative effect. It consists of three herbs named Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Huangqi), Atractylodes rubra Dekker (Baizhu) and Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. (Fangfeng), and has a variety of pharmacological activities including immune regulation, antioxidant, anti-tumor, regulation of cytokines, etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: It has been proved that YPFS exerts its anti-tumor effect through enhancing the systemic and local immune responses in tumor patients, moreover, it has the direct tumor-suppressing effect and can reduce the adverse reactions caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, in this study, we explored the potential anti-HCC mechanism of YPFS based on HTS2 technology and systems pharmacology, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of YPFS and a new strategy for Chinese medicine research. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, systems pharmacology plus high throughput sequencing-based high throughput screening (HTS2) technology, and experimental validation were used to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms and the chemical basis of YPFS in HCC treatment. Firstly, the potential therapeutic targets and signaling pathways of YPFS in the treatment of HCC were obtained through systems pharmacology. Subsequently, HTS2 technology combined with PPI network analysis were used to reveal potential therapeutic targets. Finally, the anti-HCC effects and underlying mechanisms of YPFS were further verified in vitro in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, the possible chemical basis was explored by drug target verification and molecular docking technology. RESULTS In total, 183 active ingredients were predicted by YPFS screening and 49 anti-HCC targets were further identified. Most of these targets were enriched into the "MAPK pathway", and the expression of 37 genes was significantly changed after herb treatment. Among them, 5 key targets, including VEGFA, GRB2, JUN, PDGFRB and CDC42, were predicted by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. According to our results, YPFS inhibited the proliferation, induced the apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest of HCC cells. In addition, YPFS significantly reduced P38 gene expression. Fangfeng, one of the three herbs in YPFS, significantly down-regulated the expression of more target genes than that of the other two herbs. Lastly, as revealed by molecular docking analysis, 4'-O-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, an active ingredient identified in Fangfeng, showed a high affinity for P38. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study shows that YPFS possesses the activities of anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis in treating HCC, which are achieved by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. P38 is one of the critical targets of YPFS in treating HCC, which may be directly bound and inhibited by 4'-O-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, a compound derived from YPFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yifei Dai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Aiai Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shengrong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yu Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jun An
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiankuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xilinqiqige Bao
- Medical Innovation Center for Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010110, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Tsuzuki S, Yamaguchi T, Okumura T, Kasai T, Ueno Y, Taniguchi H. PDGF Receptors and Signaling Are Required for 3D-Structure Formation and Differentiation of Human iPSC-Derived Hepatic Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087075. [PMID: 37108241 PMCID: PMC10138705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human iPSC-derived liver organoids (LO) or hepatic spheroids (HS) have attracted widespread interest, and the numerous studies on them have recently provided various production protocols. However, the mechanism by which the 3D structures of LO and HS are formed from the 2D-cultured cells and the mechanism of the LO and HS maturation remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that PDGFRA is specifically induced in the cells that are suitable for HS formation and that PDGF receptors and signaling are required for HS formation and maturation. Additionally, in vivo, we show that the localization of PDGFRα is in complete agreement with mouse E9.5 hepatoblasts, which begin to form the 3D-structural liver bud from the single layer. Our results present that PDGFRA play important roles for 3D structure formation and maturation of hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo and provide a clue to elucidate the hepatocyte differentiation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syusaku Tsuzuki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takashi Okumura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Kasai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ueno
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
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Roskoski R. Deucravacitinib is an allosteric TYK2 protein kinase inhibitor FDA-approved for the treatment of psoriasis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106642. [PMID: 36754102 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a heterogeneous, inflammatory, autoimmune skin disease that affects up to 2% of the world's population. There are many treatment modalities including topical medicines, ultraviolet light therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and several oral medications. Cytokines play a central role in the pathogenesis of this disorder including TNF-α, (tumor necrosis factor-α) IL-17A (interleukin-17A), IL-17F, IL-22, and IL-23. Cytokine signaling involves transduction mediated by the JAK-STAT pathway. There are four JAKS (JAK1/2/3 and TYK2) and six STATS (signal transducer and activators of transcription). Janus kinases contain an inactive JH2 domain that is aminoterminal to the active JH1 domain. Under basal conditions, the JH2 domain inhibits the activity of the JH1 domain. Deucravacitinib is an orally effective N-trideuteromethyl-pyridazine derivative that targets and stabilizes the TYK2 JH2 domain and thereby blocks TYK2 JH1 activity. Seven other JAK inhibitors, which target the JAK family JH1 domain, are prescribed for the treatment of neoplastic and other inflammatory diseases. The use of deuterium in the trimethylamide decreases the rate of demethylation and slows the production of a metabolite that is active against a variety of targets in addition to TYK2. A second unique aspect in the development of deucravacitinib is the targeting of a pseudokinase domain. Deucravacitinib is rather specific for TYK2 and its toxic effects are much less than those of the other FDA-approved JAK inhibitors. The successful development of deucravacitinib may stimulate the development of additional pseudokinase ligands for the JAK family and for other kinase families as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 3754 Brevard Road, Suite 106, Box 19, Horse Shoe, NC 28742-8814, United States.
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Li X, Li Z, Huang M, Wang R, Li M, Yang H, Lu X, Cai H, Tian R. Gallium-68-Labeled Z PDGFRβ Affibody: A Potential PET Probe for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor β-Expressing Carcinomas. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1357-1364. [PMID: 36692381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) has been demonstrated to be an effective biomarker for a variety of malignant cancers, and affibody-based PDGFRβ molecules have potential as positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for the diagnosis of cancers. Based on previous pharmacokinetics studies, short-lived positron emission radionuclides, such as fluorine-18 and gallium-68, would be more suitable for affibody-based PET imaging. Thus, in the present study, we prepared a gallium-68-labeled PDGFRβ-targeting dimeric affibody conjugate and evaluated its capability for visualizing malignant tumors by micro-PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging. The PDGFRβ-targeting ZPDGFRβ affibody was conjugated with the p-NCS-Bn-DOTA macrocyclic ligand and radiolabeled with gallium-68 to generate the 68Ga-DOTA-ZPDGFRβ PET probe . Then, several types of malignant carcinoma cells (U-87 MG, LS 174T, A549, H1688, and H446) were used to evaluate the targeted cellular binding capability of the PET probe through in vitro/in vivo cellular assays and whole-body imaging by micro-PET/CT. The 68Ga-DOTA-ZPDGFRβ was successfully prepared with a radiochemical yield of 93% and exhibited ideal stability for up to 4 h at room temperature in vitro. This radioactive conjugate demonstrated specific binding ability with PDGFRβ-expressing U-87 MG cells, which was suppressed by PDGFRβ ligands. The biodistribution of 68Ga-DOTA-ZPDGFRβ indicated fast liver clearance and a kidney-bladder excretion route. The U-87 MG xenografted tumor was clearly visualized with 68Ga-DOTA-ZPDGFRβ at 1 h postinjection using micro-PET/CT imaging. 68Ga-DOTA-ZPDGFRβ is a potential radiopharmaceutical for the diagnosis of PDGFRβ-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingxing Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mufeng Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huawei Cai
- Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wang H, Wang X, Xu L, Zhang J. Co-amplified with PDGFRA, IGFBP7 is a prognostic biomarker correlated with the immune infiltrations of glioma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4951-4967. [PMID: 36043552 PMCID: PMC9972101 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subgroup of glioma carry genetic 4q12 amplification including platelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) and insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7). However, the prognosis of PDGFRA and IGFBP7 in glioma is unclear. METHODS The prognosis of PDGFRA and IGFBP7 was determined using cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Pathways associated with IGFBP7 were analyzed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Immune profiling of glioma was determined using "ESTIMATE" and "TIMER" database. RESULTS PDGFRA amplification or expression was not correlated with the outcomes of glioblastoma (GBM). IGFBP7 but not PDGFRA was over-expressed in GBM. IGFBP7 over-expression was correlated with the unfavorable outcomes of GBM. In lower grade glioma (LGG), PDGFRA over-expression was not correlated with the unfavorable prognosis of LGG, while, IGFBP7 was a prognostic biomarker of LGG. LGG patients with IGFBP7 lower expressions had prolonged clinical overall survival. Combination of IDH mutation, LGG grade and IGFBP7 achieved even better prognostic effects in LGG. Moreover, IGFBP7 was over-expressed in glioma patients with wild type IDH or with high grades. IGFBP7 over-expression was correlated with the unfavorable outcomes of glioma. Furthermore, IGFBP7 was hypo-methylated in GBM or LGG patients without IDH mutations. IGFBP7 hyper-methylation was correlated with the lower overall survival of GBM or LGG. LGG patients with wild type IDH and with IGFBP7 hypo-methylation demonstrated even worse prognosis. IGFBP7 was associated with multiple immune-related signaling pathways in GBM or LGG. The stromal score, immune score and the infiltrations of immune cells were also correlated with IGFBP7 and the prognosis of LGG. CONCLUSIONS IGFBP7 but not PDGFRA served an ideal prognostic marker and therapeutic target of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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A novel molecular classification method for osteosarcoma based on tumor cell differentiation trajectories. Bone Res 2023; 11:1. [PMID: 36588108 PMCID: PMC9806110 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclassification of tumors based on molecular features may facilitate therapeutic choice and increase the response rate of cancer patients. However, the highly complex cell origin involved in osteosarcoma (OS) limits the utility of traditional bulk RNA sequencing for OS subclassification. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) holds great promise for identifying cell heterogeneity. However, this technique has rarely been used in the study of tumor subclassification. By analyzing scRNA-seq data for six conventional OS and nine cancellous bone (CB) samples, we identified 29 clusters in OS and CB samples and discovered three differentiation trajectories from the cancer stem cell (CSC)-like subset, which allowed us to classify OS samples into three groups. The classification model was further examined using the TARGET dataset. Each subgroup of OS had different prognoses and possible drug sensitivities, and OS cells in the three differentiation branches showed distinct interactions with other clusters in the OS microenvironment. In addition, we verified the classification model through IHC staining in 138 OS samples, revealing a worse prognosis for Group B patients. Furthermore, we describe the novel transcriptional program of CSCs and highlight the activation of EZH2 in CSCs of OS. These findings provide a novel subclassification method based on scRNA-seq and shed new light on the molecular features of CSCs in OS and may serve as valuable references for precision treatment for and therapeutic development in OS.
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Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors: A 2023 update. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106552. [PMID: 36403719 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the dysregulation of protein kinase activity in many diseases including cancer, this enzyme family has become one of the most important drug targets in the 21st century. There are 72 FDA-approved therapeutic agents that target about two dozen different protein kinases and three of these drugs were approved in 2022. Of the approved drugs, twelve target protein-serine/threonine protein kinases, four are directed against dual specificity protein kinases (MEK1/2), sixteen block nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, and 40 target receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. The data indicate that 62 of these drugs are prescribed for the treatment of neoplasms (57 against solid tumors including breast, lung, and colon, ten against nonsolid tumors such as leukemia, and four against both solid and nonsolid tumors: acalabrutinib, ibrutinib, imatinib, and midostaurin). Four drugs (abrocitinib, baricitinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib) are used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (atopic dermatitis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, and ulcerative colitis). Of the 72 approved drugs, eighteen are used in the treatment of multiple diseases. The following three drugs received FDA approval in 2022 for the treatment of these specified diseases: abrocitinib (atopic dermatitis), futibatinib (cholangiocarcinomas), pacritinib (myelofibrosis). All of the FDA-approved drugs are orally effective with the exception of netarsudil, temsirolimus, and trilaciclib. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties of all 72 FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors including lipophilic efficiency and ligand efficiency.
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Gamble MC, Williams BR, Singh N, Posa L, Freyberg Z, Logan RW, Puig S. Mu-opioid receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase crosstalk: Implications in mechanisms of opioid tolerance, reduced analgesia to neuropathic pain, dependence, and reward. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:1059089. [PMID: 36532632 PMCID: PMC9751598 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.1059089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of opioid misuse, opioids remain the frontline treatment regimen for severe pain. However, opioid safety is hampered by side-effects such as analgesic tolerance, reduced analgesia to neuropathic pain, physical dependence, or reward. These side effects promote development of opioid use disorders and ultimately cause overdose deaths due to opioid-induced respiratory depression. The intertwined nature of signaling via μ-opioid receptors (MOR), the primary target of prescription opioids, with signaling pathways responsible for opioid side-effects presents important challenges. Therefore, a critical objective is to uncouple cellular and molecular mechanisms that selectively modulate analgesia from those that mediate side-effects. One such mechanism could be the transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) via MOR. Notably, MOR-mediated side-effects can be uncoupled from analgesia signaling via targeting RTK family receptors, highlighting physiological relevance of MOR-RTKs crosstalk. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge surrounding the basic pharmacology of RTKs and bidirectional regulation of MOR signaling, as well as how MOR-RTK signaling may modulate undesirable effects of chronic opioid use, including opioid analgesic tolerance, reduced analgesia to neuropathic pain, physical dependence, and reward. Further research is needed to better understand RTK-MOR transactivation signaling pathways, and to determine if RTKs are a plausible therapeutic target for mitigating opioid side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie C. Gamble
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Navsharan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luca Posa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie Puig
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Development and Validation of a Combined Ferroptosis and Immune Prognostic Model for Melanoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1840361. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1840361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background. Melanoma development and progression are significantly influenced by ferroptosis and the immune microenvironment. However, there are no reliable biomarkers for melanoma prognosis prediction based on ferroptosis and immunological response. Methods. Ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) were retrieved from the FerrDb website. Immune-related genes (IRGs) were collected in the ImmPort dataset. The TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GSE65904 datasets both contained prognostic FRGs and IRGs. The model was created using multivariate Cox regression, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, and the analysis and comparison between the expression patterns of ferroptosis and immune cell infiltration were done. Last but not least, research was conducted to assess the expression and involvement of the genes in the comprehensive index of ferroptosis and immune (CIFI). Results. Two prognostic ferroptosis- and immune-related markers (PDGFRB and FOXM1) were utilized to develop a CIFI. In various datasets and patient subgroups, CIFI exhibits consistent predictive performance. The fact that CIFI is an independent prognostic factor for melanoma patients was revealed. Patients in the CIFI-high group further exhibited immune-suppressive characteristics and had elevated ferroptosis gene expression levels. The results of in vitro research point to the possibility that the PDGFRB and FOXM1 genes function as oncogenes in melanoma. Conclusion. In this study, a novel prognostic classifier for melanoma patients was developed and validated using ferroptosis and immune expression profiles.
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Chen L, Hu B, Wang H, Li W, Wang S, Luan J, Liu H, Wang J, Cheng M. Selectivity mechanism of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonism through in silico investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26269-26287. [PMID: 36281693 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Structures of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors illustrate the strikingly high degree of homology of the residues among isoforms, thus leading to difficulty in achieving subtype selectivity when targeting these receptors and causing undesired side effects when treating the corresponding diseases. Considering the urgent need for more selective and potency therapies, this study is aimed at revealing the selectivity mechanism against M4/5 via in silico strategies, revealing crucial molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds and pi-cation interaction formed between the key residues TYR416, ASN417, and TRP435 of M4, respectively, hydrophobic pocket formed by the key residues, especially CYS484 of M5. Besides, the water around TYR416M4 and ASN459M5, which can be replaced by substituent groups which can form the hydrogen bond interaction network by simulated bridging water and the water around ASP112M4, whose replacement maybe not contribute to the increase in binding affinity of the compound, may affect the inhibitory selectivity among M4/5 in the aspect of the solvent. Moreover, from the point of inhibitors, compounds with a positively ionizable group could selectively bind to M4 receptors, while hydrophobic molecules may bind preferably to M5. We believe that the current study would provide a basis for the design of subsequent M4/5 selective antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Baichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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Beirne DF, Dalla Via M, Velasco-Torrijos T, Montagner D. Metal-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Targeted metal-drug conjugates. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factors Affect Clinical Features and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2108368. [PMID: 36035313 PMCID: PMC9410949 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the association of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs), clinicopathological features, and prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Methods. Tumor specimens of 180 individuals with gastric cancer treated between 2016 and 2020 were collected. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot (WB) were used to detect the expression of PDGF-B and PDGF-D. The relationship between the expression of PDGF-B and PDGF-D and relapse-free subsistence (RFS) time was assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between the expression of PDGF-B and PDGF-D and the prognosis and clinicopathological features in gastric cancer patients. Results. High expression of PDGF-B and PDGF-D was detected in 108 (60%) and 137 (76%) tumor specimens, respectively. The expressions of PDGF-B and PDGF-D were independent predictive indicators in multivariate analysis when compared to tumor depth, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and RFS (
). Conclusion. The high expression of PDGF-B and PDGF-D in gastric cancer tissues is associated with poor prognosis and poor survival rate of the patients. The expression of PDGF-B and PDGF-D can be used as important indicators to evaluate the biological behavior and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Roskoski R. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in the treatment of neoplastic and inflammatory disorders. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106362. [PMID: 35878738 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) family of nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases consists of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 (Tyrosine Kinase 2). Each of these proteins contains a JAK homology pseudokinase (JH2) domain that interacts with and regulates the activity of the adjacent protein kinase domain (JH1). The Janus kinase family is regulated by numerous cytokines including interferons, interleukins, and hormones such as erythropoietin and thrombopoietin. Ligand binding to cytokine receptors leads to the activation of associated Janus kinases, which then catalyze the phosphorylation of the receptors. The SH2 domain of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) binds to the cytokine receptor phosphotyrosines thereby promoting STAT phosphorylation and activation by the Janus kinases. STAT dimers are then translocated into the nucleus where they participate in the regulation and expression of dozens of proteins. JAK1/3 signaling participates in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders while JAK1/2 signaling contributes to the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms as well as several malignancies including leukemias and lymphomas. An activating JAK2 V617F mutation occurs in 95% of people with polycythemia vera and about 50% of cases of myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia. Abrocitinib, ruxolitinib, and upadacitinib are JAK inhibitors that are FDA-approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Baricitinib is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and covid 19. Tofacitinib and upadacitinib are JAK antagonists that are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. Additionally, ruxolitinib is approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera while fedratinib, pacritinib, and ruxolitinib are approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 3754 Brevard Road, Suite 106, Box 19, Horse Shoe, NC 28742, United States.
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Perkins ME, Girard BM, Campbell SE, Vizzard MA. Imatinib Mesylate Reduces Voiding Frequency in Female Mice With Acute Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:867875. [PMID: 35645740 PMCID: PMC9135974 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.867875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamina propria interstitial cells that express the tyrosine kinase receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) may play a role in urinary sensory signaling. Imatinib mesylate, also referred to as imatinib, is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can inhibit PDGFRα and has been widely used in urological research. We evaluated the functional effects of imatinib administration (via oral gavage or intravesical infusion) with two different experimental designs (prevention and treatment), in a cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis (acute, intermediate, and chronic), male and female rodent model using conscious cystometry and somatic sensitivity testing. Imatinib significantly (0.0001 ≤ p ≤ 0.05) decreased voiding frequency and increased bladder capacity in acute CYP-induced cystitis, by the prevention (females) and treatment (females and males) designs. Imatinib was not effective in preventing or treating intermediate or chronic CYP-induced cystitis in either sex. Interestingly, in the prevention experiments, imatinib administration increased (0.0001 ≤ p ≤ 0.01) voiding frequency and decreased bladder capacity in control mice. However, in the treatment experiments, imatinib administration decreased (0.01 ≤ p ≤ 0.05) voiding frequency and increased bladder capacity in control mice. Bladder function improvements observed with imatinib treatment in acute CYP-induced cystitis mice remained and additionally improved with a second dose of imatinib 24 hours after CYP treatment. Imatinib administration did not affect pelvic somatic sensitivity in female mice with acute CYP-induced cystitis. Our studies suggest that (1) imatinib improves bladder function in mice with acute CYP-induced cystitis with a prevention and treatment design and (2) interstitial cells may be a useful target to improve bladder function in cystitis.
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Yu X, Zhu X, Zhang L, Qin JJ, Feng C, Li Q. In Silico Screening and Validation of PDGFRA Inhibitors Enhancing Radioiodine Sensitivity in Thyroid Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883581. [PMID: 35645805 PMCID: PMC9133930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) has been implicated in tumorigenesis and radioiodine resistance of thyroid cancer, indicating its therapeutic potential. In the present study, we confirmed the association between PDGFRA and radioiodine resistance in thyroid cancer using bioinformatics analysis and constructed a prediction model of PDGFRA inhibitors using machine learning and molecular docking approaches. We then performed a virtual screening of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) derived compound library and successfully identified 4’,5,7-trimethoxyflavone as a potential PDGFRA inhibitor. Further characterization revealed a significant inhibitory effect of 4’,5,7-trimethoxyflavone on PDGFRA-MAPK pathway activation, and that it could upregulate expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as well as improve radioiodine uptake capacity of radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer (RAIR-TC), suggesting it a potential drug lead for the development of new RAIR-TC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Yu
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuhang Zhu
- Thyroid surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhuo Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglin Li, ; Chunlai Feng, ; Jiang-Jiang Qin,
| | - Chunlai Feng
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglin Li, ; Chunlai Feng, ; Jiang-Jiang Qin,
| | - Qinglin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglin Li, ; Chunlai Feng, ; Jiang-Jiang Qin,
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Shan D, Qu P, Zhong C, He L, Zhang Q, Zhong G, Hu W, Feng Y, Yang S, Yang XF, Yu J. Anemoside B4 Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Neointimal Hyperplasia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:907490. [PMID: 35620517 PMCID: PMC9127303 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.907490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration play a pivotal role in developing neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury, including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and other cardiovascular interventions. Anemoside B4 (B4) is a unique saponin identified from the Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel, which has known anti-inflammatory activities. However, its role in modulating VSMC functions and neointima formation has not been evaluated. Herein, we demonstrate that B4 administration had a potent therapeutic effect in reducing neointima formation in a preclinical mouse femoral artery endothelium denudation model. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation study showed that B4 attenuated neointimal VSMC proliferation in vivo. Consistent with the in vivo findings, B4 attenuated PDGF-BB-induced mouse VSMC proliferation and migration in vitro. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that B4 suppressed PDGF-BB-induced reduction of SM22α, SMA, and Calponin, suggesting that B4 inhibited the transformation of VSMCs from contractile to the synthetic phenotype. Mechanistically, our data showed B4 dose-dependently inhibited the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK signaling pathways. Subsequently, we determined that B4 attenuated VSMC proliferation and migration in a p38 MAPK and AKT dependent manner using pharmacological inhibitors. Taken together, this study identified, for the first time, Anemoside B4 as a potential therapeutic agent in regulating VSMC plasticity and combating restenosis after the vascular intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chao Zhong
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luling He
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingshan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Guoyue Zhong
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yulin Feng
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-feng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Jun Yu
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Olbryt M. Potential Biomarkers of Skin Melanoma Resistance to Targeted Therapy—Present State and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092315. [PMID: 35565444 PMCID: PMC9102921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Around 5–10% of advanced melanoma patients progress early on anti-BRAF targeted therapy and 20–30% respond only with the stabilization of the disease. Presumably, these patients could benefit more from first-line immunotherapy. Resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors is generated by genetic and non-genetic factors inherent to a tumor or acquired during therapy. Some of them are well documented as a cause of treatment failure. They are potential predictive markers that could improve patients’ selection for both standard and also alternative therapy as some of them have therapeutic potential. Here, a summary of the most promising predictive and therapeutic targets is presented. This up-to-date knowledge may be useful for further study on implementing more accurate genetic/molecular tests in melanoma treatment. Abstract Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, the number of which is increasing worldwide every year. It is completely curable in its early stage and fatal when spread to distant organs. In addition to new therapeutic strategies, biomarkers are an important element in the successful fight against this cancer. At present, biomarkers are mainly used in diagnostics. Some biological indicators also allow the estimation of the patient’s prognosis. Still, predictive markers are underrepresented in clinics. Currently, the only such indicator is the presence of the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene in cancer cells, which qualifies the patient for therapy with inhibitors of the MAPK pathway. The identification of response markers is particularly important given primary and acquired resistance to targeted therapies. Reliable predictive tests would enable the selection of patients who would have the best chance of benefiting from treatment. Here, up-to-date knowledge about the most promising genetic and non-genetic resistance-related factors is described. These are alterations in MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and RB signaling pathways, e.g., due to mutations in NRAS, RAC1, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, and NF1, but also other changes activating these pathways, such as the overexpression of HGF or EGFR. Most of them are also potential therapeutic targets and this issue is also addressed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Olbryt
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
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Cheng L, Wang H, Maboh R, Mao G, Wu X, Chen H. LncRNA LINC00281/Annexin A2 Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching via the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:971-984. [PMID: 35478454 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal phenotype switch in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of vascular proliferative diseases. Annexin A2 (ANXA2), related to the pro-inflammatory response, contributes to the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. This study explored the mechanisms involved in the regulation of VSMC phenotype modulation via ANXA2. The results revealed that ANXA2 promotes the phosphorylation of p65 and co-translocates with p65 into the nucleus, resulting in VSMC proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation. Based on bioinformatics predictions and RNA immunoprecipitation assays, LINC00281 was confirmed to be an upstream regulator of ANXA2. Taken together, ANXA2, which is negatively regulated by the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00281, has significant importance in the regulation of VSMC proliferation, migration, and phenotype switching via the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) p65 signaling pathway. This indicates that the lncRNA LINC00281/ANXA2/NF-кB p65 signaling pathway might be a new therapeutic target for vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- The Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Hypertension Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - ReneNfornah Maboh
- The Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Gaowei Mao
- The Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Hypertension Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- The Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China. .,Hypertension Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Diverse roles of tumor-stromal PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 154:93-140. [PMID: 35459473 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, it has become increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates every step of cancer progression and solid tumors are only able to metastasize with a permissive TME. This intricate interaction of cancer cells with their surrounding TME, or stroma, is becoming more understood with an ever greater knowledge of tumor-stromal signaling pairs such as platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and their cognate receptors. We and others have focused our research efforts on understanding how tumor-derived PDGFB activates platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) signaling specifically in the breast cancer TME. In this chapter, we broadly discuss PDGF and PDGFR expression patterns and signaling in normal physiology and breast cancer. We then detail the expansive roles played by the PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling pathway in modulating breast tumor growth and metastasis with a focus on specific cellular populations within the TME, which are responsive to tumor-derived PDGFB. Given the increasingly appreciated importance of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer progression, specifically in promoting metastasis, we end by discussing how therapeutic targeting of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling holds great promise for improving current breast cancer treatment strategies.
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Perkins M, Girard BM, Campbell SE, Hennig GW, Vizzard MA. Imatinib Mesylate Reduces Neurotrophic Factors and pERK and pAKT Expression in Urinary Bladder of Female Mice With Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:884260. [PMID: 35528149 PMCID: PMC9072830 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.884260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α, -β, stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT), and BCR-ABL. PDGFRα is expressed in a subset of interstitial cells in the lamina propria (LP) and detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder. PDGFRα + interstitial cells may contribute to bladder dysfunction conditions such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) or overactive bladder (OAB). We have previously demonstrated that imatinib prevention via oral gavage or treatment via intravesical infusion improves urinary bladder function in mice with acute (4 hour, h) cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. Here, we investigate potential underlying mechanisms mediating the bladder functional improvement by imatinib using a prevention or treatment experimental design. Using qRT-PCR and ELISAs, we examined inflammatory mediators (NGF, VEGF, BDNF, CCL2, IL-6) previously shown to affect bladder function in CYP-induced cystitis. We also examined the distribution of phosphorylated (p) ERK and pAKT expression in the LP with immunohistochemistry. Imatinib prevention significantly (0.0001 ≤ p ≤ 0.05) reduced expression for all mediators examined except NGF, whereas imatinib treatment was without effect. Imatinib prevention and treatment significantly (0.0001 ≤ p ≤ 0.05) reduced pERK and pAKT expression in the upper LP (U. LP) and deeper LP (D. LP) in female mice with 4 h CYP-induced cystitis. Although we have previously demonstrated that imatinib prevention or treatment improves bladder function in mice with cystitis, the current studies suggest that reductions in inflammatory mediators contribute to prevention benefits of imatinib but not the treatment benefits of imatinib. Differential effects of imatinib prevention or treatment on inflammatory mediators may be influenced by the route and frequency of imatinib administration and may also suggest other mechanisms (e.g., changes in transepithelial resistance of the urothelium) through which imatinib may affect urinary bladder function following CYP-induced cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Perkins
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Beatrice M. Girard
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Susan E. Campbell
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Grant W. Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology, The Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Margaret A. Vizzard
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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Shih YH, Peng CL, Chiang PF, Shieh MJ. Dual-Functional Polymeric Micelles Co-Loaded with Antineoplastic Drugs and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for Combination Therapy in Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040768. [PMID: 35456602 PMCID: PMC9030189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib combined with SN-38 in polymeric micelles for antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer. First, SN-38 and Sunitinib co-loaded micelles were developed and characterized. We studied cell viability and cellular uptake in HCT-116 cells. Then, subcutaneous HCT-116 xenograft tumors were used for ex vivo biodistribution, antitumor efficacy, and histochemical analysis studies. Results of cellular uptake and ex vivo biodistribution of SN-38/Sunitinib micelles showed the highest accumulation in tumors compared with other normal organs. In the antitumor effect studies, mice bearing HCT-116 tumors were smallest at day 28 after injection of SN-38/Sunitinib micelles, compared with other experiment groups (p < 0.01). As demonstrated by the results of inhibition on multi-receptors by Sunitinib, we confirmed that SN-38/Sunitinib co-loaded micelles to be a treatment modality that could inhibit VEGF and PDGF receptors and enhance the antitumor effect of SN-38 (p < 0.05). In summary, we consider that this micelle is a potential formulation for the combination of SN-38 and Sunitinib in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsia Shih
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (Y.-H.S.); (P.-F.C.)
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (Y.-H.S.); (P.-F.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-L.P.); (M.-J.S.)
| | - Ping-Fang Chiang
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (Y.-H.S.); (P.-F.C.)
| | - Ming-Jium Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-L.P.); (M.-J.S.)
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Targeting BCR-Abl in the treatment of Philadelphia-chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Nowaczyk A, Szwedowski D, Dallo I, Nowaczyk J. Overview of First-Line and Second-Line Pharmacotherapies for Osteoarthritis with Special Focus on Intra-Articular Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1566. [PMID: 35163488 PMCID: PMC8835883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) can be defined as the result of pathological processes of various etiologies leading to damage to the articular structures. Although the mechanism of degenerative changes has become better understood due to the plethora of biochemical and genetic studies, the drug that could stop the degenerative cascade is still unknown. All available forms of OA therapy are based on symptomatic treatment. According to actual guidelines, comprehensive treatment of OA should always include a combination of various therapeutic options aimed at common goals, which are pain relief in the first place, and then the improvement of function. Local treatment has become more common practice, which takes place between rehabilitation and pharmacological treatment in the hierarchy of procedures. Only in the case of no improvement and the presence of advanced lesions visible in imaging tests, should surgery be considered. Currently, an increasing number of studies are being published suggesting that intra-articular injections may be as effective or even more effective than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and result in fewer systemic adverse events. The most commonly used preparations are hyaluronic acid (HA), glucocorticosteroids (GS), and also platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in recent years. This review aims to present the mechanism of action and clinical effectiveness of different pharmacological options in relieving pain and improving functions in OA as well as the emerging approach in intra-articular treatment with PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, LudwikRydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dawid Szwedowski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Provincial Polyclinical Hospital, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Orthopedic Arthroscopic Surgery International (O.A.S.I.) Bioresearch Foundation, Gobbi N.P.O., 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ignacio Dallo
- Unit of Biological Therapies, SportMe Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Jacek Nowaczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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