1
|
He Z, Li P, Liu P, Xu P. Exploring stachydrine: from natural occurrence to biological activities and metabolic pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1442879. [PMID: 39170783 PMCID: PMC11337228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1442879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Stachydrine, also known as proline betaine, is a prominent constituent of traditional Chinese herb Leonurus japonicus, renowned for its significant pharmacological effects. Widely distributed in plants like Leonurus and Citrus aurantium, as well as various bacteria, stachydrine serves pivotal physiological functions across animal, plant, and bacterial kingdoms. This review aims to summarizes diverse roles and mechanisms of stachydrine in addressing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neuroprotection, anticancer activity, uterine regulation, anti-inflammatory response, obesity management, and respiratory ailments. Notably, stachydrine exhibits cardioprotective effects via multiple pathways encompassing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and modulation of calcium handling functions. Furthermore, its anti-cancer properties inhibit proliferation and migration of numerous cancer cell types. With a bi-directional regulatory effect on uterine function, stachydrine holds promise for obstetrics and gynecology-related disorders. In plants, stachydrine serves as a secondary metabolite, contributing to osmotic pressure regulation, nitrogen fixation, pest resistance, and stress response. Similarly, in bacteria, it plays a crucial osmoprotective role, facilitating adaptation to high osmotic pressure environments. This review also addresses ongoing research on the anabolic metabolism of stachydrine. While the biosynthetic pathway remains incompletely understood, the metabolic pathway is well-established. A deeper understanding of stachydrine biosynthesis holds significance for elucidating its mechanism of action, advancing the study of plant secondary metabolism, enhancing drug quality control, and fostering new drug development endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zekun He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kubyshkin V, Rubini M. Proline Analogues. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8130-8232. [PMID: 38941181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side-chain. Chemical structures that mimic proline but introduce changes into its specific molecular features are defined as proline analogues. This review article summarizes the existing chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical knowledge about this peculiar family of structures. We group proline analogues from the following compounds: substituted prolines, unsaturated and fused structures, ring size homologues, heterocyclic, e.g., pseudoproline, and bridged proline-resembling structures. We overview (1) the occurrence of proline analogues in nature and their chemical synthesis, (2) physicochemical properties including ring conformation and cis/trans amide isomerization, (3) use in commercial drugs such as nirmatrelvir recently approved against COVID-19, (4) peptide and protein synthesis involving proline analogues, (5) specific opportunities created in peptide engineering, and (6) cases of protein engineering with the analogues. The review aims to provide a summary to anyone interested in using proline analogues in systems ranging from specific biochemical setups to complex biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Rubini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fahim MFM, Zarnigar P. Effect of prepared herbal mouthwash in maintaining the oral health of school children: A single-blind randomised control trial. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:535-543. [PMID: 38594113 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Oral health is a vital indicator of overall well-being, quality of life, and general health, with historical roots in Unani medicine (i.e. preventive measures, oral hygiene, and treatment). This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of prepared herbal mouthwash in maintaining oral health among school children. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 110 schoolchildren were randomly assigned to the test group (treated with herbal mouthwash -Anacyclus pyrenthrum DC, Punica granutum (pericarp), Capparis spinosa (root bark), and Quercus infectoria Oliv (galls)) and the control group (treated with 0.2 % Chlorhexidine Mouthwash) for 30-days. The response was assessed by DMFT, Salivary pH, Oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), Plaque index (Loe & Silness) (PI), Plaque index simplified (O'Leary et al., 1972) (PI-S), Gingival Index (Löe-Silness) (GI), and Bleeding on probing (BOP) on baseline and 30th day GI and PI were further assessed on 60th, 90th and 120th days to determine the sustainable effect of the intervention. RESULTS After treatment, Mean OHI-S, PI, PI-S, GI and BOP significantly reduced on the 30th day from baseline (p ≤ 0.001) in both groups. After discontinuing intervention, both groups showed significantly lower PI and GI scores on the 120th day from baseline. (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study revealed that prepared mouthwash is safe and significantly effective in maintaining oral health, and it could be used as an adjunct to mechanical oral hygiene measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F M Fahim
- Department of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tibb (Preventive and Social Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Kottigepalaya, Magadi Main Road, Bengaluru, 560091, India.
| | - Prof Zarnigar
- Department of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tibb (Preventive and Social Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Kottigepalaya, Magadi Main Road, Bengaluru, 560091, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamaya R, Sun Q, Li J, Yun H, Wang F, Curhan GC, Huang T, Manson JE, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Clish C, Liang L, Hu FB, Ma Y. 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretions, plasma metabolomic profiles, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in the United States adults: a cross-sectional study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:153-161. [PMID: 38762185 PMCID: PMC11251214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-sodium and low-potassium intakes are associated with a higher risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, but there are limited data on the circulating metabolomics profiles of 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretions in free-living individuals. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize the metabolomics signatures of a high-sodium and low-potassium diet in a cross-sectional study. METHODS In 1028 healthy older adults from the Women's and Men's Lifestyle Validation Studies, we investigated the association of habitual sodium and potassium intakes measured by 2 to 4 24-h urine samples with plasma metabolites (quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) and metabolomic pathways. Our primary exposures were energy-adjusted 24-h urinary sodium excretion, potassium excretion, and sodium-to-potassium ratio, calculated based on energy expenditure derived from the doubly labeled water method. We then assessed the partial correlations of their metabolomics scores, derived from elastic net regressions, with cardiometabolic biomarkers. RESULTS Higher sodium excretion was associated with 38 metabolites including higher piperine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and C5:1 carnitine. In pathway analysis, higher sodium excretion was associated with enhanced biotin and propanoate metabolism and enhanced degradation of lysine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Metabolites associated with higher potassium and lower sodium-to-potassium ratio included quinic acid and proline-betaine. After adjusting for confounding factors, the metabolomics score for sodium-to-potassium ratio positively correlated with fasting insulin (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.27), C-peptide (ρ = 0.30), and triglyceride (ρ = 0.46), and negatively with adiponectin (ρ = -0.40), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ρ = -0.42). CONCLUSIONS We discovered metabolites and metabolomics pathways associated with a high-sodium diet, including metabolites related to biotin, propanoate, lysine, and BCAA pathways. The metabolomics signature for a higher sodium low-potassium diet is associated with multiple components of elevated cardiometabolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikuta Hamaya
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Huan Yun
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fenglei Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gary C Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Clary Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng M, Chen Y, Chen J, Guo W, Zhao P, Zhang C, Shan X, Chen H, Xu M, Lu R. Stachydrine hydrochloride protects the ischemic heart by ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress through a SERCA2a dependent way and maintaining intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176585. [PMID: 38636799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanism of action of stachydrine hydrochloride (Sta) against myocardial infarction (MI) through sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum stress-related injury. The targets of Sta against MI were screened using network pharmacology. C57BL/6 J mice after MI were treated with saline, Sta (6 or 12 mg kg-1) for 2 weeks, and adult mouse and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (AMCMs and NRCMs) were incubated with Sta (10-4-10-6 M) under normoxia or hypoxia for 2 or 12 h, respectively. Echocardiography, Evans blue, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were used for morphological and functional analyses. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), unfolded protein reaction (UPR), apoptosis signals, cardiomyocyte contraction, and Ca2+ flux were detected using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, immunofluorescence, and sarcomere and Fluo-4 tracing. The ingredient-disease-pathway-target network revealed targets of Sta against MI were related to apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis and ERS. Both dosages of Sta improved heart function, decreased infarction size, and potentially increased the survival rate. Sta directly alleviated ERS and UPR and elicited less apoptosis in the border myocardium and hypoxic NRCMs. Furthermore, Sta upregulated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) in both ischaemic hearts and hypoxic NRCMs, accompanied by restored sarcomere shortening, resting intracellular Ca2+, and Ca2+ reuptake time constants (Tau) in Sta-treated hypoxic ARCMs. However, 2,5-di-t-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ) (25 μM), a specific SERCA inhibitor, totally abolished the beneficial effect of Sta in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Sta protects the heart from MI by upregulating SERCA2a to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, thus alleviating ERS-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Feng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhi Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Shan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihua Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aly R, Darwish S, Bala N, Ebrahim A, Shoemaker LR, McCray J, Garrett TJ, Alli AA. Functional and metabolomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles from juvenile mice with renal compensatory hypertrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167096. [PMID: 38499276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Unilateral nephrectomy, a procedure reducing kidney mass, triggers a compensatory response in the remaining kidney, increasing its size and function to maintain a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Recent research has highlighted the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in renal physiology and disease, although their involvement in unilateral nephrectomy has been underexplored. In this study, unilateral nephrectomy was performed on young mice, and urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) characterization and cargo were analyzed. Kidney volume increased significantly post-nephrectomy, demonstrating compensatory hypertrophy. Serum creatinine, cystatin C, and urinary electrolytes concentrations were similar in both nephrectomized and control groups. Western blot analysis revealed upregulation of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC), and downregulation of sodium‑potassium-chloride co-transporter (NKCC2) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the nephrectomized group. Metabolomic analysis of uEVs showed an enrichment of certain metabolites, including citrate and stachydrine. Interestingly, uEVs from the nephrectomized group demonstrated a protective effect, downregulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in renal proximal cells, compared to uEVs from the control group. This study suggests that uEVs contain bioactive components capable of inducing protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrinolytic, and antioxidative effects in renal cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of uEVs' role in renal compensatory mechanisms after unilateral nephrectomy and may hold promise for future therapeutic interventions in renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Aly
- Departement of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Sara Darwish
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Niharika Bala
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Areej Ebrahim
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Lawrence R Shoemaker
- Departement of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Joel McCray
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Abdel A Alli
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 32610, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 32610, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rao RB. Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction in Perinatal Iron Deficiency. Nutrients 2024; 16:1092. [PMID: 38613125 PMCID: PMC11013337 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency in the fetal and neonatal period (perinatal iron deficiency) bodes poorly for neurodevelopment. Given its common occurrence and the negative impact on brain development, a screening and treatment strategy that is focused on optimizing brain development in perinatal iron deficiency is necessary. Pediatric societies currently recommend a universal iron supplementation strategy for full-term and preterm infants that does not consider individual variation in body iron status and thus could lead to undertreatment or overtreatment. Moreover, the focus is on hematological normalcy and not optimal brain development. Several serum iron indices and hematological parameters in the perinatal period are associated with a risk of abnormal neurodevelopment, suggesting their potential use as biomarkers for screening and monitoring treatment in infants at risk for perinatal iron deficiency. A biomarker-based screening and treatment strategy that is focused on optimizing brain development will likely improve outcomes in perinatal iron deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra B. Rao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Inoue N, Tsuge K, Yanagita T, Oikawa A, Nagao K. Time-Course Metabolomic Analysis: Production of Betaine Structural Analogs by Fungal Fermentation of Seaweed. Metabolites 2024; 14:201. [PMID: 38668329 PMCID: PMC11051755 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Betaine structural analogs are compounds characterized by the presence of positive and negative charges in a single molecule and have been reported to have physiological properties, such as anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we performed a metabolomic analysis of metabolite composition changes during the fermentation of Neopyropia yezoensis, an edible red alga, with Aspergillus oryzae for 72 h. The results indicated that three specific betaine structural analogs (betaine, stachydrine, and carnitine) exhibited significant changes in production by the end of the 72 h fermentation period. Time-course analysis suggested that betaine was generated from the precursor choline at 12-24 h during the late stage of fungal growth, while stachydrine was generated from the precursor-related compound glutamic acid at 48-72 h during the sporulation stage. However, the contribution of the precursor lysine to the increased production of carnitine during the 12-72 h period was unclear. This study provides useful information on the efficient production of betaine structural analogs by the fungal fermentation of seaweed as well as various other food materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Inoue
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (N.I.); (T.Y.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tsuge
- Saga Regional Industry Support Center, Saga 849-0932, Japan;
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (N.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
| | - Koji Nagao
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (N.I.); (T.Y.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sandri BJ, Kim J, Lubach GR, Lock EF, Ennis-Czerniak K, Kling PJ, Georgieff MK, Coe CL, Rao RB. Prognostic Performance of Hematological and Serum Iron and Metabolite Indices for Detection of Early Iron Deficiency Induced Metabolic Brain Dysfunction in Infant Rhesus Monkeys. J Nutr 2024; 154:875-885. [PMID: 38072152 PMCID: PMC10942850 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current pediatric practice of monitoring for infantile iron deficiency (ID) via hemoglobin (Hgb) screening at one y of age does not identify preanemic ID nor protect against later neurocognitive deficits. OBJECTIVES To identify biomarkers of iron-related metabolic alterations in the serum and brain and determine the sensitivity of conventional iron and heme indices for predicting risk of brain metabolic dysfunction using a nonhuman primate model of infantile ID. METHODS Simultaneous serum iron and RBC indices, and serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolomic profiles were determined in 20 rhesus infants, comparing iron sufficient (IS; N = 10) and ID (N = 10) infants at 2 and 4 mo of age. RESULTS Reticulocyte hemoglobin (RET-He) was lower at 2 wk in the ID group. Significant IS compared with ID differences in serum iron indices were present at 2 mo, but Hgb and RBC indices differed only at 4 mo (P < 0.05). Serum and CSF metabolomic profiles of the ID and IS groups differed at 2 and 4 mo (P < 0.05). Key metabolites, including homostachydrine and stachydrine (4-5-fold lower at 4 mo in ID group, P < 0.05), were altered in both serum and CSF. Iron indices and RET-He at 2 mo, but not Hgb or other RBC indices, were correlated with altered CSF metabolic profile at 4 mo and had comparable predictive accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve scores, 0.75-0.80). CONCLUSIONS Preanemic ID at 2 mo was associated with metabolic alterations in serum and CSF in infant monkeys. Among the RBC indices, only RET-He predicted the future risk of abnormal CSF metabolic profile with a predictive accuracy comparable to serum iron indices. The concordance of homostachydrine and stachydrine changes in serum and CSF indicates their potential use as early biomarkers of brain metabolic dysfunction in infantile ID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sandri
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gabriele R Lubach
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eric F Lock
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kathleen Ennis-Czerniak
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Pamela J Kling
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Raghavendra B Rao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Zhang L, Yao G, Wang X, Yi S, Meng T, Meng D, Chen W, Guo L. De novo chromosome-level genome assembly of Chinese motherwort (Leonurus japonicus). Sci Data 2024; 11:55. [PMID: 38195564 PMCID: PMC10776605 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese motherwort (Leonurus japonicus), a member of Lamiaceae family, is a commonly used medicinal herb for treating obstetrical and gynecological diseases, producing over 280 officinal natural products. Due to limited genomic resources, little progress has been made in deciphering the biosynthetic pathway of valuable natural products in L. japonicus. Here, we de novo assembled the L. japonicus genome using high-coverage ONT long reads and Hi-C reads. The chromosome-level genome assembly contained ten chromosomes representing 99.29% of 489.34 Mb genomic sequence with a contig and scaffold N50 of 7.27 Mb and 50.86 Mb, respectively. Genome validations revealed BUSCO and LAI score of 99.2% and 21.99, respectively, suggesting high quality of genome assembly. Using transcriptomic data from various tissues, 22,531 protein-coding genes were annotated. Phylogenomic analysis of 13 angiosperm plants suggested L. japonicus had 58 expanded gene families functionally enriched in specialized metabolism such as diterpenoid biosynthesis. The genome assembly, annotation, and sequencing data provide resources for the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways behind natural products of pharmaceutical applications in L. japonicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China
- Weifang Institute of Technology, School of Modern Agriculture and Environment, Weifang, Shandong, 261101, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China
| | - Shu Yi
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China
| | - Tan Meng
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China
| | - Dian Meng
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China
| | - Weikai Chen
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China.
| | - Li Guo
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Teng M, Yang H, Li S, Liu X, Zhang J, Qiu Y, Li L. Impact of macrophage differentiation on hematopoietic function enhancement by Shenzhu ErKang Syrup. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:169-190. [PMID: 38175693 PMCID: PMC10817372 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Shenzhu Erkang Syrup (SZEK) is a traditional Chinese medicine that improves spleen and stomach function, tonifying the Qi and activating the blood; however, its therapeutic effects in hematopoietic dysfunction and their underlying mechanism remain unexplored. In this study, mice were given cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injections for three days to produce hematopoietic dysfunction model. We investigated the hematopoietic effect and mechanism of SZEK in mice with hematopoietic dysfunction via histopathological examination, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting combined with intestinal flora and serum metabolomics analysis. In mice with hematopoietic dysfunction, SZEK (gavage, 0.3 mL/25 g) alleviated pathological damage to the bone marrow and spleen; increased the number of naïve cells (Lin-), hematopoietic stem cells (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+), long-term self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+CD48-CD150+), B lymphocytes (CD45+CD19+), and macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+) in the bone marrow; and reduced inflammation. Preliminary intestinal flora and serum metabolome analyses indicated that the pro-hematopoietic mechanism of SZEK was associated with macrophage differentiation. Further validation revealed that SZEK promoted hematopoiesis by decreasing the number of M2 macrophages and inhibiting the secretion of negative hematopoietic regulatory factors in mice with hematopoietic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Hongxin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Siyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zeng H, Xu D, Song Y, Tian S, Qiao J, Li Z, Zhao L, Shi H, Zhou Y, Li S, Luo Y, Li J, Miao M, Wu X. Synthesis, characterization and anti-breast cancer activities of stachydrine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115679. [PMID: 37517203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Stachydrine is a hydrophilic quaternary amine salt with good antitumor effect, but its application is limited due to its rapid metabolism and low bioavailability. We synthesized and evaluated nine prodrugs of stachydrine, which showed suitable hydrophobicity (CLogP: -2.58-4.78, vs SS-0: -3.32) and better in vitro anticancer activity (IC50: 0.34 μM-14.03 mM, vs SS-0: 38.97 mM-147.19 mM) in comparison with stachydrine. Among them, SS-12, SS-16 and SS-18 are the most effective compounds against 4T1 cells, and the IC50 is 2.15-24.14 μM. Especially, compared with stachydrine, SS-12 significantly blocked the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced the apoptosis of 4T1 cells through mitochondria pathway, which increased the expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein, decrease the expression of Bcl-2. The pharmacokinetics of SS-12 showed a rational bioavailability (79.6%), and a longer retention time (T1/2 = 7.62 h) than that of stachydrine (T1/2 ≈ 1.16 h) in rats. Compared with stachydrine, SS-12 significantly enhanced the anticancer efficacy (56.32% of tumor-inhibition rates, vs SS-0: 3.89%), meanwhile, ameliorated the tumor-induced organ damage in mice. Therefore, SS-12 may be a promising prodrug of stachydrine against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huahui Zeng
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Duanjie Xu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yagang Song
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jingyi Qiao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhanzhan Li
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Joint Institute of Management and Science University, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Joint Institute of Management and Science University, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jiashi Li
- Joint Institute of Management and Science University, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xiangxiang Wu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo M, Wang Z, Gao Z, Ma J, Huangfu W, Niu J, Liu B, Li D, Zhu X, Sun H, Ma S, Shi Y. Alfalfa leaf meal as a new protein feedstuff improves meat quality by modulating lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100815. [PMID: 37780297 PMCID: PMC10534147 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of alfalfa leaf meal (ALM) on the meat quality of finishing pigs are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of ALM diet on meat quality by replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of soybean meal in the diet of finishing pigs, respectively. The findings showed that 25% ALM diet increased the IMF, cooked meat rate, a* and antioxidant capacity of longissimus dorsi (LD), improved amino acid composition, increased MUFA content, and increased LD lipid synthesis and mRNA expression of antioxidation-related genes. At the same time, ALM diet altered serum lipid metabolism (TG, FFA). Correlation analysis showed that antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with meat quality. In addition, metabolomic analysis of LD showed that the main metabolites of 25% ALM diet altered stachydrine and l-carnitine were associated with meat quality and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, ALM replacing 25% soybean meal diet can improve the meat quality of pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Zimin Gao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Jixiang Ma
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Weikang Huangfu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Jiakuan Niu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Defeng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Sen Ma
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu X, Wu Y, Zhang X, Gu W, Ning Z. Stachydrine ameliorates hypoxia reoxygenation injury of cardiomyocyte via enhancing SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:265. [PMID: 37752609 PMCID: PMC10521545 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte cell apoptosis is critical in developing myocardial infarction. Stachydrine (STA), an active constituent of Leonurus heterophyllus sweet, could have a protective effect on myocardial H/R injury, which remains unexplored. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of STA on H/R injury of cardiomyocytes. METHODS Rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells underwent H/R (hypoxia for 4 h and reoxygenation for 12 h). Cells were pretreated with STA (50 µM) 2 h before H/R. Cardiomyocyte injury was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity. Oxidative stress was assessed by lipid oxidation product MDA and a ROS-scavenging enzyme SOD in culture media. Western blot was performed to measure the protein expressions of SIRT1, Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). RESULTS STA reversed the decrease in cell viability and increased LDH release in H9c2 cells with the H/R insult. STA significantly suppressed oxidative stress, reduced MDA content, and increased SOD activity in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R. STA reduced apoptosis in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R, as evidenced by the reduced TUNEL positive cells and caspase-3 activity. In addition, STA enhanced SIRT1, Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression in H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells. SIRT1 and Nrf2 involved the protective effect of STA in H/R-exposed H9c2 cells, as the changes in cell viability and caspase-3 activity by STA can be reversed by SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 or Nrf2 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our data speculated that STA protects H/R injury and inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by activation of the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yingbiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Krusinski L, Maciel ICF, van Vliet S, Ahsin M, Lu G, Rowntree JE, Fenton JI. Measuring the Phytochemical Richness of Meat: Effects of Grass/Grain Finishing Systems and Grapeseed Extract Supplementation on the Fatty Acid and Phytochemical Content of Beef. Foods 2023; 12:3547. [PMID: 37835200 PMCID: PMC10572853 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass-finished beef (GFB) can provide beneficial bioactive compounds to healthy diets, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and secondary bioactive compounds, such as phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to compare fatty acids (FAs), micronutrients, and phytochemicals of beef fed a biodiverse pasture (GRASS), a total mixed ration (GRAIN), or a total mixed ration with 5% grapeseed extract (GRAPE). This was a two-year study involving fifty-four Red Angus steers (n = 54). GFB contained higher levels of n-3 PUFAs, vitamin E, iron, zinc, stachydrine, hippuric acid, citric acid, and succinic acid than beef from GRAIN and GRAPE (p < 0.001 for all). No differences were observed in quantified phytochemicals between beef from GRAIN and GRAPE (p > 0.05). Random forest analysis indicated that phytochemical and FA composition of meat can predict cattle diets with a degree of certainty, especially for GFB (5.6% class error). In conclusion, these results indicate that GFB contains higher levels of potentially beneficial bioactive compounds, such as n-3 PUFAs, micronutrients, and phytochemicals, compared to grain-finished beef. Additionally, the n-6:n-3 ratio was the most crucial factor capable of separating beef based on finishing diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Krusinski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Isabella C. F. Maciel
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (I.C.F.M.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Stephan van Vliet
- Center for Human Nutrition Studies, Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (S.v.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Ahsin
- Center for Human Nutrition Studies, Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (S.v.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Guanqi Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jason E. Rowntree
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (I.C.F.M.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu F, Yu Z, Liu Y, Du T, Yu L, Tian F, Chen W, Zhai Q. A High-Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet Promotes Intestinal Inflammation by Exacerbating Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Bile Acid Disorders in Cholecystectomy. Nutrients 2023; 15:3829. [PMID: 37686860 PMCID: PMC10489946 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with post-cholecystectomy (PC) often experience adverse gastrointestinal conditions, such as PC syndrome, colorectal cancer (CRC), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), that accumulate over time. An epidemiological survey further revealed that the risk of cholecystectomy is associated with high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) dietary intake. Mounting evidence suggests that cholecystectomy is associated with disrupted gut microbial homeostasis and dysregulated bile acids (BAs) metabolism. However, the effect of an HFHC diet on gastrointestinal complications after cholecystectomy has not been elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of an HFHC diet after cholecystectomy on the gut microbiota-BA metabolic axis and elucidate the association between this alteration and the development of intestinal inflammation. In this study, a mice cholecystectomy model was established, and the levels of IL-Iβ, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the colon were increased in mice fed an HFHC diet for 6 weeks. Analysis of fecal BA metabolism showed that an HFHC diet after cholecystectomy altered the rhythm of the BA metabolism by upregulating liver CPY7A1, CYP8B1, and BSEP and ileal ASBT mRNA expression levels, resulting in increased fecal BA levels. In addition, feeding an HFHC diet after cholecystectomy caused a significant dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which was characterized by the enrichment of the metabolic microbiota involved in BAs; the abundance of pro-inflammatory gut microbiota and related pro-inflammatory metabolite levels was also significantly higher. In contrast, the abundance of major short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria significantly decreased. Overall, our study suggests that an HFHC diet after cholecystectomy promotes intestinal inflammation by exacerbating the gut microbiome and BA metabolism dysbiosis in cholecystectomy. Our study also provides useful insights into the maintenance of intestinal health after cholecystectomy through dietary or probiotic intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.L.); (T.D.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- Wuxi People’s Hospital Afliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China;
| | - Yaru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.L.); (T.D.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.L.); (T.D.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.L.); (T.D.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.L.); (T.D.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.L.); (T.D.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.L.); (T.D.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu J, Ke L, Zhou J, Ding C, Yang H, Yan D, Yu C. Stachydrine Relieved the Inflammation and Promoted the Autophagy in Diabetes Retinopathy Through Activating the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2593-2604. [PMID: 37649589 PMCID: PMC10464895 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s420253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially harmful retinal disease associated with persistent hyperglycemia. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway that widely exists in eukaryotic cells, which has recently been demonstrated to participate in the DR development. Stachydrine (STA) is a water-soluble alkaloid extracted from Leonurus heterophyllus. This study aimed to explore the effects of STA on the autophagy in DR progression in vivo and in vitro. Methods High glucose-treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and STA-treated rats were used to establish DR model. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory factor levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were determined using corresponding kits. Additionally, the cell growth was analyzed using CCK-8 and EdU assays. Besides, LC3BII, p62, p-AMPKα, AMPKα, and SIRT1 protein levels were measured using Western blot. The LC3BII and SIRT1 expressions were also determined using immunofluorescence. Results The results showed that STZ decreased the ROS and inflammatory factor levels in the HG-treated HRMECs. Besides, after STA treatment, the beclin-1, LC3BII, p-AMPKα, and SIRT1 levels were increased, and p62 was decreased in the HG-treated HRMECs and the retinal tissue of STZ-treated rats. Conclusion In conclusion, this study demonstrated that STA effectively relieved the inflammation and promoted the autophagy in DR progression in vivo and in vitro through activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Image Center, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbiao Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
French CD, Arnold CD, Taha AY, Engle-Stone R, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Slupsky CM. Assessing Repeated Urinary Proline Betaine Measures as a Biomarker of Usual Citrus Intake during Pregnancy: Sources of Within-Person Variation and Correlation with Reported Intake. Metabolites 2023; 13:904. [PMID: 37623848 PMCID: PMC10456298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline betaine (Pro-B) has been identified as a biomarker of dietary citrus intake, yet gaps remain in its validation as a quantitative predictor of intake during various physiological states. This study quantified sources of within-individual variation (WIV) in urinary Pro-B concentration during pregnancy and assessed its correlation with the reported usual intake of citrus fruit and juice. Pro-B concentrations were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy in spot and 24-h urine specimens (n = 255) collected throughout pregnancy from women participating in the MARBLES cohort study. Adjusted linear or log mixed effects models quantified WIV and tested potential temporal predictors of continuous or elevated Pro-B concentration. Pearson or Spearman correlations assessed the relationship between averaged repeated biomarker measures and usual citrus intake reported by food frequency questionnaires. The proportion of variance in urinary Pro-B attributable to WIV ranged from 0.69 to 0.74 in unadjusted and adjusted models. Citrus season was a significant predictor of Pro-B in most analyses (e.g., adjusted β [95% CI]: 0.52 [0.16, 0.88] for non-normalized Pro-B), while gestational age predicted only non-normalized Pro-B (adjusted β [95% CI]: -0.093 [-0.18, -0.0038]). Moderate correlations (rs of 0.40 to 0.42) were found between reported usual citrus intake and averaged repeated biomarker measurements, which were stronger compared to using a single measurement. Given the high degree of WIV observed in urinary Pro-B, multiple samples per participant are likely needed to assess associations between citrus consumption and health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D. French
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.D.F.); (C.D.A.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Charles D. Arnold
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.D.F.); (C.D.A.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Reina Engle-Stone
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.D.F.); (C.D.A.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.J.S.); (I.H.-P.)
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.J.S.); (I.H.-P.)
| | - Carolyn M. Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.D.F.); (C.D.A.); (R.E.-S.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun M, Ni L, Huang Y, Yang M, Cheng G, Zhang M, Wu M, Ma C. Effects of different drying treatments on the microstructure, free amino acids, volatile compounds and antioxidant activity of Flammulina velutipes root. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100656. [PMID: 37008719 PMCID: PMC10060591 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drying treatments are an effective method of preserving the beneficial properties of postharvest mushrooms. The effects of natural-air drying (ND), hot-air drying (HD), vacuum-freeze drying (FD), heat pump drying (HPD) and microwave-vacuum drying (MVD) on the microstructure, flavor- and health-related compounds of F. velutipes root were investigated. The results showed that FD had the least impact on the microstructure of F. velutipes root and its original porous fiber structure appeared complete. It also possessed the highest content of volatile compounds. MVD gave the highest contents of umami amino acids, total phenolics and total flavonoids, and its extract exhibited high antioxidant activity. In addition, different drying treatments had significant effect on the chemical components of F. velutipes root, with FD and MVD may be the potent drying strategies for preservation of flavor and nutraceuticals respectively. Therefore, our results provided essential data support for F. velutipes root processing and functional product development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Sun
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All-China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Liying Ni
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All-China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434022, China
| | - Meilian Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All-China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Maoyu Wu
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All-China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All-China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, Jinan 250014, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ye Y, Wang Y, Liu P, Chen J, Zhang C. Uncovering the Nutritive Profiles of Adult Male Chinese Mitten Crab ( E. sinensis) Harvested from the Pond and Natural Water Area of Qin Lake Based on Metabolomics. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112178. [PMID: 37297423 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
E. sinensis, normally harvested in October and November, is an economic aquatic product in China. Pond culture has been widely applied for the production of E. sinensis, wherein a stable food supply for crabs is provided. In order to improve the nutritional quality of E. sinensis products, this study evaluated the effect of the local pond culture on the nutritive profiles of E. sinensis and screened out the best harvest time for the nutrient-rich crabs, thereby guiding the local crab industry to improve its aquaculture mode and harvest strategy. The results indicated that pond culture enhanced the levels of protein, amino acids, and specific organic acid derivatives, and reduced the levels of peptides and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Compared with E. sinensis harvested in October, peptide levels were significantly increased, whereas sugar, phenolic acid, and nucleotide levels were decreased in those harvested in November. Overall, the study revealed that the nutritive profile of the pond-reared E. sinensis was significantly modulated by a high-protein diet, thus lacking the diversity of metabolites. Additionally, October could be more appropriate for harvesting E. sinensis than November.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Pengyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Y, Xia X, Yuan G, Zhang T, Deng B, Feng X, Wang Q. Stachydrine, a Bioactive Equilibrist for Synephrine, Identified from Four Citrus Chinese Herbs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093813. [PMID: 37175222 PMCID: PMC10180305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Four Chinese herbs from the Citrus genus, namely Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi), Aurantii Fructus (Zhiqiao), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), are widely used for treating various cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Many ingredients have already been identified from these herbs, and their various bioactivities provide some interpretations for the pharmacological functions of these herbs. However, the complex functions of these herbs imply undisclosed cholinergic activity. To discover some ingredients with cholinergic activity and further clarify possible reasons for the complex pharmacological functions presented by these herbs, depending on the extended structure-activity relationships of cholinergic and anti-cholinergic agents, a simple method was established here for quickly discovering possible choline analogs using a specific TLC method, and then stachydrine and choline were first identified from these Citrus herb decoctions based on their NMR and HRMS data. After this, two TLC scanning (TLCS) methods were first established for the quantitative analyses of stachydrine and choline, and the contents of the two ingredients and synephrine in 39 samples were determined using the valid TLCS and HPLC methods, respectively. The results showed that the contents of stachydrine (3.04‱) were 2.4 times greater than those of synephrine (1.25‱) in Zhiqiao and about one-third to two-thirds of those of Zhishi, Qingpi and Chenpi. Simultaneously, the contents of stachydrine, choline and synephrine in these herbs present similar decreasing trends with the delay of harvest time; e.g., those of stachydrine decrease from 5.16‱ (Zhishi) to 3.04‱ (Zhike) and from 1.98‱ (Qingpi) to 1.68‱ (Chenpi). Differently, the contents of synephrine decrease the fastest, while those of stachydrine decrease the slowest. Based on these results, compared with the pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics reported for stachydrine and synephrine, it is indicated that stachydrine can be considered as a bioactive equilibrist for synephrine, especially in the cardio-cerebrovascular protection from these citrus herbs. Additionally, the results confirmed that stachydrine plays an important role in the pharmacological functions of these citrus herbs, especially in dual-directionally regulating the uterus, and in various beneficial effects on the cardio-cerebrovascular system, kidneys and liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xuexue Xia
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ganjun Yuan
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tongke Zhang
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Beibei Deng
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dong L, Lee JH, Jo EH, Lee JS, Kim SH, Lee DS, Park MC. Effects of Varying Ratios of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Donkey Hide Gelatin Water Extracts on Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2094. [PMID: 37432237 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease that affects millions of people all over the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU) and Donkey Hide Gelatin (DHG) water extracts on DNCB-induced NC/Nga mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ treated keratinocytes or LPS-stimulated macrophages. The combined treatment using the water extracts of GU and DHG improved the skin symptom evaluation score and skin histology, with increased expression of the skin barrier proteins Claudin 1 and Sirt 1 in lesion areas. The IFN-γ activity was promoted in PBMCs, ALN, and dorsal skin tissue, while the absolute cell number was reduced for T cells so that the production and expression of serum IgE and cytokines were suppressed. In TNF-α/IFN-γ induced HaCaT cells, IL-6, IL-8, MDC, and RANTES were all inhibited by GU and DHG water extracts, while ICAM-1 and COX-2 levels were similarly downregulated. In addition, GU and DHG water extracts decreased LPS-mediated nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 in RAW 264.7 cells, and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 also decreased. Notably, the DHG:GU ratio of 4:1 was shown to have the best effects of all ratios. In conclusion, GU and DHG have anti-skin inflammatory potentials that can be used as alternative ingredients in the formula of functional foods for people with atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Heui Jo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Lee
- Director of R & D Institute, Haewon Biotech Inc., Yongin 59143, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Della Vedova L, Gado F, Vieira TA, Grandini NA, Palácio TLN, Siqueira JS, Carini M, Bombardelli E, Correa CR, Aldini G, Baron G. Chemical, Nutritional and Biological Evaluation of a Sustainable and Scalable Complex of Phytochemicals from Bergamot By-Products. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072964. [PMID: 37049725 PMCID: PMC10096399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper reports a sustainable raw material obtained from the by-products derived from the industrial production of bergamot (Citrus × Bergamia Risso & Poiteau) essential oils. The procedure to obtain the raw material is designed to maintain as much of the bioactive components as possible and to avoid expensive chemical purification. It consists of spray-drying the fruit juice obtained by squeezing the fruits, which is mixed with the aqueous extract of the pulp, i.e., the solid residue remained after fruit pressing. The resulting powder bergamot juice (PBJ) contains multiple bioactive components, in particular, among others, soluble fibers, polyphenols and amino-acid betaines, such as stachydrine and betonicine. LC-MS analysis identified 86 compounds, with hesperetin, naringenin, apigenin and eridictyol glucosides being the main components. In the second part of the paper, dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity of PBJ and of stachydrine was found, but neither of the compounds were effective in activating Nrf2. PBJ was then found to be effective in an in vivo model of a metabolic syndrome induced by a high-sugar, high-fat (HSF) diet and evidenced by a significant increase of the values related to a set of parameters: blood glucose, triglycerides, insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, visceral adipose tissue and adiposity index. PBJ, when given to control rats, did not significantly change these values; in contrast, they were found to be greatly affected in rats receiving an HSF diet. The in vivo effect of PBJ can be ascribed not only to bergamot polyphenols with well-known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and lipid-regulating effects, but also to the dietary fibers and to the non-phenolic constituents, such as stachydrine. Moreover, since PBJ was found to affect energy homeostasis and to regulate food intake, a mechanism on the regulation of energy homeostasis through leptin networking should also be considered and deserves further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Della Vedova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Taynara A. Vieira
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Núbia A. Grandini
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana S. Siqueira
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Camila R. Correa
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanna Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Metabolites Profiling and In Vitro Biological Characterization of Different Fractions of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge from the Red Sea Egypt. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041643. [PMID: 36838631 PMCID: PMC9966995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Red Sea marine sponges are an important source of biologically active natural products. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the components of n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions of Cliona sp. marine sponge collected from the Red Sea, Egypt using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS (Ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry) analysis. The analysis revealed the tentative identification of 23, 16, and 24 compounds from the n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions of Cliona sp., respectively. In addition, the examination of these fractions resulted in the isolation and identification of three sterols and one amino acid. The identification of the isolated compounds was confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), and MS (Mass spectrometry), and IR (Infrared) spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the total ethanolic extract and its sub-fractions were also evaluated. Interestingly, the ethyl acetate fraction showed potent cytotoxic activity against colon (HCT-116) and human larynx carcinoma (HEP-2) cell lines with IC50 (Half-maximal Inhibitory Concentration) 6.11 ± 0.2 and 12.6 ± 0.9 µg/mL, respectively. However, the dichloromethane fraction showed strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 75.53 ± 3.41 µg/mL. Notably, the total ethanolic extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) 62.5 ± 0.82 and 125 ± 0.62 µg/mL, respectively, compared to other fractions. In conclusion, this is the first report on the secondary metabolites content and biological activities of Cliona sp. from the Red Sea, Egypt. It also highlights the need for further research on the most active fractions against various cancer cell lines and resistant bacterial and fungal strains. Cliona sp. extract and its fractions could be a potential source of novel and safe natural drugs with a wide range of medicinal and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
|
25
|
Goswami MJ, Dutta U, Seema T, Bharali SJ, Yanka H, Tag H, Bharali P, Kakati D. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Extracts from Three Underutilized Food Plants of North East India. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200718. [PMID: 36562215 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three underutilized leafy vegetables Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (Roxb.) Gaudich (SP), Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. (IA) and Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC (ZR) were extracted with different solvents viz. 95 % ethyl alcohol, methanol and hot water. The extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant potential via DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay along with electroanalytical studies using cyclic voltammetry. The antidiabetic potential was determined by recording their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based phytochemical profiles of the extracts were also determined. All three extracts of SP exhibited significant antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic potential of the IA and ZR extracts was found to be higher than or at par with that of standard acarbose. LC/MS studies reveal the presence of hitherto reported antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds like gamma-aminobutyric acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, α-viniferin, piperlonguminine, niacin, kaempferol, etc., in the extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manab Jyoti Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Utpal Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Tage Seema
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Sourav Jyoti Bharali
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India.,Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (AEI), Sibasagar, Assam, 785697, India
| | - Hage Yanka
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Hui Tag
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Pankaj Bharali
- Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gjaziabad, India
| | - Dwipen Kakati
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu Y, Zhang W, Zhou L, Xiong Y, Liu Q, Shi X, Tian J. The moisturizing effect of Capparis spinosa fruit extract targeting filaggrin synthesis and degradation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:651-660. [PMID: 36221990 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small molecular natural products, such as betaine, have unique moisturizing advantages. Capparis spinosa L. fruit is rich in quaternary ammonium alkaloids such as betaine and stachydrine. However, few studies investigated its efficacy and mechanism on human skin. OBJECTIVE Polysaccharides-free C. spinosa fruit extract (CS) was obtained to study its moisturizing effect and mechanisms focusing on filaggrin (FLG) synthesis and degradation. METHODS The clinical moisturizing test was carried out on human arms, calves, and faces after CS treatment for 0.5-6 h. The change in the level of FLG, caspase 14, loricrin, and transglutaminase 5 (TGM 5) was measured by immunofluorescence after CS treatment for 4 and 24 h in a reconstructed epidermis model. Also, the content of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) in the stratum corneum was tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) both in the epidermis model and human calves. RESULTS Compared with glycerin (positive control), 5% CS showed a strong skin hydration effect on arms and calves when applied for 0.5-6 h. Also, the face hydration increased at 0.5 and 4 h. In addition, 3% CS applied to the recombinant epidermis model under low humidity promoted the immunodetected levels of caspase 14 and PCA content but reduced the levels of FLG at 4 h, however, the levels of FLG, loricrin, and TGM 5 were promoted at 24 h. Meanwhile, CS treatment for 4 h in human calves increased the PCA content in the stratum corneum by 29.9%. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of CS on human skin showed an instant and long-lasting increase in skin hydration by regulating the FLG network. It promoted FLG degradation to form PCA at 4 h both in vivo and in vitro, increasing FLG synthesis after 24 h, potentially reforming the FLG monomer reservoir to alleviate the skin's dry condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yina Lu
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai JAKA Biotech. Co. LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhuan Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai JAKA Biotech. Co. LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Lidan Zhou
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai JAKA Biotech. Co. LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai JAKA Biotech. Co. LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai JAKA Biotech. Co. LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Shi
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai JAKA Biotech. Co. LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai JAKA Biotech. Co. LTD, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu W, He J, Yan J, Tian Z, Li Q, Wang H, Li C, Wang Y, Yan H. Simultaneous salt recovery and zwitterionic stachydrine purification from saline eluent via two-stage electrodialysis system. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
28
|
Gu R, Zhang W, Xu D. Stachydrine is effective and selective against blast phase chronic myeloid leukaemia through inhibition of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:700-707. [PMID: 35348419 PMCID: PMC8967197 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2044862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Resistance to BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is the cause of treatment failure in blast phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (BP-CML). Agents that act synergistically with BCR-ABL TKI are required to improve response. OBJECTIVE This work investigated the effects of stachydrine in CML. MATERIALS AND METHODS CML cells were treated with control or stachydrine at 20, 40 and 80 µM. Proliferation and apoptosis were examined after 72 h treatment. Combination studies were performed in four groups: control, TKI, stachydrine and the combination of stachydrine and TKI. Immunoblotting analysis was performed in CML cells after 24 h treatment. RESULTS Stachydrine inhibited K562 (IC50 61 µM), KCL22 (IC50 141 µM), LAMA84 (IC50 86 µM), Ba/F3 T315I (IC50 26 µM), Ba/F3 WT (IC50 22 µM) and KU812 (IC50 35 µM) proliferation, and induced apoptosis in these CML cell lines. Stachydrine significantly induced apoptosis, inhibited colony formation and self-renewal in BP-CML CD34+ cells. The combination index of stachydrine and TKI combination was <1. Compared to TKI alone, the combination of stachydrine and TKI significantly induced more apoptosis and decreased colony formation in BP-CML CD34+ cells. Stachydrine decreased phosphorylation levels of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases in CML cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate (1) the anticancer activity of stachydrine on primary patient cancer cells; (2) the inhibitory effects of stachydrine on cancer stem cells; (3) the synergism between stachydrine and other anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Public Health Division, Hospital of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lin B, Xu P, Zheng J, Deng X, Ye Q, Huang Z, Wang N. Effects and mechanisms of natural alkaloids for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1014173. [PMID: 36210805 PMCID: PMC9539536 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1014173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural alkaloids are polycyclic, nitrogen-containing, and basic compounds obtained from plants. In this review, the advances in bioactive alkaloids with respect to their chemical structures, herbal sources, and effects for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are discussed. Anti-osteoporosis alkaloids are classified into six categories based on the chemical structure, namely, isoquinoline alkaloids, quinolizidine alkaloids, piperidine alkaloids, indole alkaloids, pyrrolizidine alkaloids and steroidal alkaloids. They promote mesenchymal stem cells differentiation, improve osteoblast proliferation, stimulate osteoblast autophagy and suppress osteoclast formation. These natural alkaloids can regulate multiple signaling pathways, including interrupting the tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6- receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B interaction, inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway in osteoclasts, activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway in osteoblasts, and triggering the wingless and int-1 pathway in mesenchymal stem cells. This review provides evidence and support for novel drug and clinical treatment of osteoporosis using natural alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingcui Xu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qitao Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongping Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Nani Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tan X, Zhu X, Xu D, Shi Y, Wang Z, Cao M, Hu K, Zhao L, Zhao J, Miao M, Zeng H, Wu X. A mitochondria-targeted nano-platform for pancreatic cancer therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:951434. [PMID: 36212077 PMCID: PMC9533775 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.951434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposome is a conventional drug delivery system which has been widely used in the pharmacy field. However, its applications are greatly restricted in clinical practice by the disadvantages of cholesterol and nonselective distribution. Herein, a novel platform for anti-tumor drug delivery was developed by incorporating an amphiphilic stachydrine-octadecane conjugate (SS) as the mitochondria-targeting molecule onto the triptolide-liposome surfaces (SS-TP LPs). The polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the suitable particle size (about 133 nm) of liposomes facilitated their stabilities, the long half-life in blood and the escape from the rapid elimination. The SS-TP LPs were internalized and accumulated into the mitochondria of cancer cells in a time-dependent manner, followed by triggering permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane by inhibiting Bcl-2, and then further caused greater cancer cell death via releasing cytochrome C and initiating a cascade of caspase 3 reactions. In the Pan02 tumor-bearing mice, the SS-TP LPs showed significant efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and reducing tumor size but synchronously exhibited specific mitochondria-targeting and much lower subacute toxicity compared with the free TP and TP LPs. Our study suggests that SS-TP LPs can be a promising anticancer drug delivery system for mitochondria-targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Tan
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Duanjie Xu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhuo Cao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangxiang Wu, ; Huahui Zeng, ; Mingsan Miao,
| | - Huahui Zeng
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangxiang Wu, ; Huahui Zeng, ; Mingsan Miao,
| | - Xiangxiang Wu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangxiang Wu, ; Huahui Zeng, ; Mingsan Miao,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun X, Zhou M, Pu J, Wang T. Stachydrine exhibits a novel antiplatelet property and ameliorates platelet-mediated thrombo-inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113184. [PMID: 35679717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are versatile anucleate cells involved in thrombosis as well as inflammation. Stachydrine (STA), a major bioactive compound extracted from Motherwort, has multiple pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, the significance of STA in platelet regulation and whether STA could ameliorate platelet-mediated thrombo-inflammation still remain elusive. METHODS Human platelets were used to assess the regulatory effects of STA on platelet activation and interactions with neutrophils in vitro. FeCl3 injury-induced carotid/mesenteric thrombosis and collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary thromboembolism model were used to explore whether STA could regulate thrombosis in vivo. Furthermore, a cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis model was employed to investigate the role of STA in thrombo-inflammatory diseases. RESULTS STA markedly suppressed platelet activation represented by aggregation, secretion, αIIbβ3-mediated signaling events and calcium mobilization, etc. by inhibiting agonists-induced activation signaling and potentiating cGMP-dependent inhibitory signaling. Mice receiving STA-treated platelets were less susceptible to thrombosis in vivo. In addition, decreased platelet-neutrophil interactions including platelet-neutrophil aggregates and neutrophil extracellular traps, and alleviative sepsis-induced multiorgan damage were observed due to STA-mediated platelet inhibition. CONCLUSION This study suggested the potential therapeutic role of STA in thrombotic and thrombo-inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianting Sun
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee JE, Yun JH, Lee E, Hong SP. Untargeted Metabolomics reveals Doenjang metabolites affected by manufacturing process and microorganisms. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111422. [PMID: 35761668 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Doenjang is a traditional Korean fermented soybean-based food that is now produced industrially as traditional Doenjang and modernized Doenjang, depending on the conditions of the manufacturing process. In this study, the effect of the production process on Doenjang metabolites was analyzed using untargeted capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF/MS). Of the 247 metabolites detected in 19 traditional and three modernized Doenjang samples, the level of 55 metabolites were significantly different between the two production groups. The S-plot of the orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that nine compounds (tryptamine, 2-phenylethylamine, citrulline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, putrescine, tyramine, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, stachydrine, and N5-ethylglutamine) were highly distributed in the traditional group, and six compounds (arginine, citric acid, choline, cytidine, hypoxanthine, and glucaric acid) were considered distinguishable metabolites of the modernized group. Microbial community analysis indicated that the levels of these metabolites were significantly altered by the presence of Bacillus spp., Enterococcus faecium, Tetragenococcus halophilus, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium spp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These findings will give better understanding of the influence of the manufacturing process on Doenjang production in terms of both microbial activity and metabolite profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Eun Lee
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yun
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Pil Hong
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Haikonen R, Kärkkäinen O, Koistinen V, Hanhineva K. Diet- and microbiota-related metabolite, 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB), in health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:463-480. [PMID: 35508517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB) is a trimethylated compound associated with the gut microbiota, potentially produced endogenously, and related to the dietary intake of certain foods such as whole grains. 5-AVAB accumulates within the metabolically active tissues and has been typically found in higher concentrations in the heart, muscle, and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, 5-AVAB has been associated with positive health effects such as fetal brain development, insulin secretion, and reduced cancer risk. However, it also has been linked with some negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. At the cellular level, 5-AVAB can influence cellular energy metabolism by reducing β-oxidation of fatty acids. This review will focus on the metabolic role of 5-AVAB with respect to both physiology and pathology. Moreover, the analytics and origin of 5-AVAB and related compounds will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Retu Haikonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals the Cellular and Genetic Heterogeneity of Skin Scar to Verify the Therapeutic Effects and Mechanism of Action of Dispel-Scar Ointment in Hypertrophic Scar Inhibition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7331164. [PMID: 35722137 PMCID: PMC9200508 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7331164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring (HS), caused by excessive fibrosis of injured skin, imposes a psychological burden and creates a source of distress that impairs the quality of life of affected individuals. However, the gold standard for HS treatment has not yet been determined due to the complicated and difficult nature of the routines and procedures involved. Previous studies have indicated that the topical application of certain active components found in traditional Chinese medicines shows potential as a therapeutic alternative for scars. Here, single-cell RNA-sequencing was performed to determine cellular heterogeneity and identify marker genes and mechanisms associated with HS. It was found that fibroblasts comprise the largest proportion of HS cell types. The marker genes that were highly expressed in fibroblasts were extracellular matrix (ECM)-related, whereas ECM-receptor interactions and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling pathway were also found to be active. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which was applied to identify the molecular compounds of Dispel-Scar Ointment (DSO), revealed 74 effective chemical components belonging to 14 types of constituents, such as flavonoids, tanshinones, salvianolic acids, glycosides, and phthalides. Furthermore, in vivo studies using rat scar models showed that the topical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ligusticum chuanxiong, peach kernel, safflower, and motherwort exerted beneficial effects on fibroblasts. DSO promoted scar maturation and reduced scar areas, its efficacy being similar to that of topically applied silicone. Functional studies using immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that DSO may target the TGF-β/Smad pathway to inhibit collagen synthesis and promote ECM remodelling. However, further in vitro mechanistic research and single-drug prescription studies may be required to identify the specific effective compound or active ingredient of DSO, which would provide more substantial evidence regarding the potential therapeutic value of traditional herbs in HS.
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu L, Cai F, Lu Y, Xie Y, Li H, Long C. Comparative Lipidomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Mystery of Lacquer Oil from Toxicodendron vernicifluum for the Treatment of “Yuezi” Disease in Nujiang, China: From Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Postpartum Depression Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:914951. [PMID: 35770099 PMCID: PMC9234167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.914951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In southwest China, especially in Nujiang, lacquer oil from the drupes of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F. A. Barkley, including black lacquer oil (BLO) and white lacquer oil (WLO), is one of the most important edible oils for the local people. Through the field investigation, the locals believe that lacquer oil has benefits for parturient women and for the treatment of “Yuezi” disease. However, studies on bioactivities and the chemical compositions of lacquer oil are limited.Purpose: This study was designed to reveal the mystery of lacquer oil for the treatment of “Yuezi” disease by testing its anti-inflammatory and anti-postpartum depressant activities and related bioactive compounds.Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects of lacquer oil were examined by establishing a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation model and detecting the level of pro-inflammatory factors such as NO, IL-6 and TNF-α. The antidepressant effects of lacquer oil were studied by building a mouse model of postpartum depression (PPD), and the animal behavior changes of PPD model mice were assessed by open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The chemical profiles of BLO and WLO were detected by lipidomic and the untargeted metabolomic research methods based on UPLC-MS/MS.Results: The results showed that BLO and WLO exerted anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors and BLO had better anti-inflammatory effects than WLO. While only BLO had anti-postpartum depressant activities, as evidenced by the significantly reduced the immobility time of the BLO-treated PPD mice in TST and FST compared to the PPD model mice. The comparative lipidomic analysis revealed that BLO contained high levels of Diacylglycerols (DAG) and Diacylglyceryl trimethylhomoserines (DGTS) but low level of ceramides (Cer), sphingomyelines (SM), phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) compared with WLO. Metabolomics analysis showed that there were 57 chemical markers between BLO and WLO, of which 17 potential biomarkers have been declared to possess anti-inflammatory and/or antidepressant activities.Conclusion: The findings of this study furnish a scientific support for the traditional uses of lacquer oil for the treatment of “Yuezi” disease from anti-inflammation and anti-postpartum depression perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Lu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlin Long, ,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huo M, Peng S, Li J, Cao Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Qiao Y. Comparison of the clinical effect features of Han-Ku-Gan and Wen-Xin-Gan based on the efficacy of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
37
|
Nagao K, Inoue N, Tsuge K, Oikawa A, Kayashima T, Yanagita T. Dried and Fermented Powders of Edible Algae ( Neopyropia yezoensis) Attenuate Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092640. [PMID: 35565990 PMCID: PMC9099931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Edible algae Neopyropia yezoensis is used as “Nori”, its dried sheet product, in Japanese cuisine. Its lipid components reportedly improve hepatic steatosis in obese db/db mice. In this study, we prepared “Nori powder (NP)” and “fermented Nori powder (FNP)” to utilize the functional lipids contained in “Nori” and examined their nutraceutical effects in vivo. Male db/db mice were fed a basal AIN-76 diet, a 10% NP-supplemented diet, or a 10% FNP-supplemented diet for 4 weeks. We detected eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) present in both NP and FNP in the serum and liver of db/db mice in a dose-dependent manner. The NP diet reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation (by 58%) in db/db mice by modulating gene expression, which resulted in the inhibition of lipogenic enzyme activity. Additionally, NP intake significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes in the liver and hepatic injury marker levels in the sera (by 26%) of db/db mice. The FNP diet also led to a marked reduction in hepatic triglyceride accumulation (by 50%) and hepatic injury (by 28%) in db/db mice, and the mechanism of these alleviative actions was similar to that of the NP diet. Although the EPA content of FNP was one-third that of NP, metabolomic analysis revealed that bioactive betaine analogs, such as stachydrine, betaine, and carnitine, were detected only in FNP. In conclusion, we suggest that (1) mechanical processing of “Nori” makes its lipid components readily absorbable by the body to exert their lipid-lowering effects, and (2) fermentation of “Nori” produces anti-inflammatory molecules and lipid-lowering molecules, which together with the lipid components, can exert hepatic steatosis-alleviating effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nagao
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (N.I.); (T.Y.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-952-28-8781
| | - Nao Inoue
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (N.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Keisuke Tsuge
- Saga Regional Industry Support Center, Saga 849-0932, Japan;
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan;
| | - Tomoko Kayashima
- Faculty of Education, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan;
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (N.I.); (T.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang J, Wei J, Zhou Y, Chen G, Ren L. Leonurine hydrochloride-a new drug for the treatment of menopausal syndrome: Synthesis, estrogen-like effects and pharmacokinetics. Fitoterapia 2022; 157:105108. [PMID: 34954263 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the estrogen-like effects of Leonurine hydrochloride (Leo). First, we developed a total synthesis of Leo from 3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoic acid and the structure was confirmed through 1H NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). Then the estrogenic activity of Leo in vitro and in vivo was studied. The proliferation and proliferation inhibitory effects of Leo on MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells indicate that Leo exerts estrogen-like effects through estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β((ERβ) in vitro. Uterotrophic assay in juvenile mice showed that Leo has an estrogen-like effect in vivo, as it can promote the development of the uterus of juvenile mice, increase its uterine coefficient and the size of the uterine cavity, as well as the increased number of uterine glands and the thickened uterine wall. For further research, cyclophosphamide (CTX) was used to establish a mouse model of ovarian function decline. Through this model, we found that Leo can restore the estrous cycle of mice, increase the number of primordial and primary follicles in the ovaries of mice, and regulate the disordered hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPOA) axis of mice. Finally, the pharmacokinetics of Leo was studied and oral bioavailability of Leo was calculated to be 2.21%. Leo was synthesized and the estrogen-like effect in vitro and in vivo was confirmed as well as its pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, 5th Mofan Road, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Jie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, 5th Mofan Road, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Yaxin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, 5th Mofan Road, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Guoguang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, 5th Mofan Road, Nanjing 21009, China.
| | - Lili Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, 5th Mofan Road, Nanjing 21009, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
He D, Wang P, Liao F, Yu L, Gan B. Cell membrane-coated biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles for the bio-specific extraction of components from Gualou Guizhi decoction exhibiting activities against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114528. [PMID: 34915324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gua-Lou-Gui-Zhi decoction (GLGZD) is a classical multiherb traditional Chinese medicine formula that has ameliorative effects on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury and has been applied for the treatment of stroke in clinical practice; however, its active ingredients remain unknown. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method for screening for components of GLGZD with potential therapeutic activity against OGD/R injury. Brain microvascular endothelial cell membrane-coated magnetic beads (CMs@rBMECs-MBs) were incubated with the GLGZD extract; the bound material was eluted and the constituents were identified using solid phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid MS). The biological activities of the identified GLGZD components were analyzed using OGD/R-exposed brain endothelial cells. Seven compounds bound to the CMs@rBMECs-MBs were identified as gallic acid, paeoniflorin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, and formononetin. Among them, six (except formononetin) protected brain endothelial cells against OGD/R injury in a concentration-dependent manner (20-120 μM; P < 0.01-0.05) and downregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (P < 0.01) involved in the pathogenic mechanisms triggered by stroke. Our findings suggest that the screening of bioactive compounds using cell membrane-coated magnetic beads combined with solid phase extraction and UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid MS is an effective method for the bio-specific extraction and identification of ingredients responsible for the therapeutic activity of traditional Chinese medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei He
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, 566 Congcheng Avenue, Conghua District, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, 566 Congcheng Avenue, Conghua District, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengyun Liao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, 566 Congcheng Avenue, Conghua District, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lingling Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, 566 Congcheng Avenue, Conghua District, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Gan
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, 566 Congcheng Avenue, Conghua District, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bi SJ, Yue SJ, Bai X, Feng LM, Xu DQ, Fu RJ, Zhang S, Tang YP. Danggui-Yimucao Herb Pair Can Protect Mice From the Immune Imbalance Caused by Medical Abortion and Stabilize the Level of Serum Metabolites. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:754125. [PMID: 34867365 PMCID: PMC8636897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintended pregnancy is a situation that every woman may encounter, and medical abortion is the first choice for women, but abortion often brings many sequelae. Angelica sinensis Radix (Danggui) and Leonuri Herba (Yimucao) are widely used in the treatment of gynecological diseases, which can regulate menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, but the mechanism for the treatment of abortion is not clear. We determined the ability of Danggui and Yimucao herb pair (DY) to regulate the Th1/Th2 paradigm by detecting the level of progesterone in the serum and the expression of T-bet and GATA-3 in the spleen and uterus. Then, we detected the level of metabolites in the serum and enriched multiple metabolic pathways. The arachidonic acid pathway can directly regulate the differentiation of Th1/Th2 cells. This may be one of the potential mechanisms of DY in the treatment of abortion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Bi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Mei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Genetic overlap and causality between blood metabolites and migraine. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:2086-2098. [PMID: 34644541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for human blood metabolome provides an excellent opportunity for studying metabolism in a heritable disease such as migraine. Utilizing GWAS summary statistics, we conduct comprehensive pairwise genetic analyses to estimate polygenic genetic overlap and causality between 316 unique blood metabolite levels and migraine risk. We find significant genome-wide genetic overlap between migraine and 44 metabolites, mostly lipid and organic acid metabolic traits (FDR < 0.05). We also identify 36 metabolites, mostly related to lipoproteins, that have shared genetic influences with migraine at eight independent genomic loci (posterior probability > 0.9) across chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 9, and 16. The observed relationships between genetic factors influencing blood metabolite levels and genetic risk for migraine suggest an alteration of metabolite levels in individuals with migraine. Our analyses suggest higher levels of fatty acids, except docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a very long-chain omega-3, in individuals with migraine. Consistently, we found a causally protective role for a longer length of fatty acids against migraine. We also identified a causal effect for a higher level of a lysophosphatidylethanolamine, LPE(20:4), on migraine, thus introducing LPE(20:4) as a potential therapeutic target for migraine.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ferulic acid: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and derivatives. Life Sci 2021; 284:119921. [PMID: 34481866 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid, a kind of phenolic substance widely existing in plants, is an important active component of many traditional Chinese medicines. So far, it has been proved that ferulic acid has a variety of biological activities, especially in oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular endothelial injury, fibrosis, apoptosis and platelet aggregation. Many studies have shown that ferulic acid can inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway, the production of ROS and the activity of aldose reductase. The anti-inflammatory effect of ferulic acid is mainly related to the levels of PPAR γ, CAM and NF-κ B and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Ferulic acid not only protects vascular endothelium by ERK1/2 and NO/ET-1 signal, but also plays an anti-fibrosis role by TGF-β/Smad and MMPs/TIMPs system. Moreover, ferulic acid has ant-apoptotic and anti-platelet effects. In addition to the pharmacological effects of ferulic acid, its pharmacokinetics and derivatives were also discussed in this paper. This review provides the latest summary of the latest research on ferulic acid.
Collapse
|
43
|
Li X, Li L, Lei W, Chua HZ, Li Z, Huang X, Wang Q, Li N, Zhang H. Traditional Chinese medicine as a therapeutic option for cardiac fibrosis: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111979. [PMID: 34358754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide and cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological process for cardiac remodeling in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis not only accelerates the deterioration progress of diseases but also becomes a pivotal contributor for futile treatment in clinical cardiovascular trials. Although cardiac fibrosis is common and prevalent, effective medicines to provide sufficient clinical intervention for cardiac fibrosis are still unavailable. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the natural essence experienced boiling, fry, and other processing methods, including active ingredients, extracts, and herbal formulas, which have been applied to treat human diseases for a long history. Recently, research has increasingly focused on the great potential of TCM for the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis. Here, we aim to clarify the identified pro-fibrotic mechanisms and intensively summarize the application of TCM in improving cardiac fibrosis by working on these mechanisms. Through comprehensively analyzing, TCM mainly regulates the following pathways during ameliorating cardiac fibrosis: attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibition of cardiac fibroblasts activation, reduction of extracellular matrix accumulation, modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulation of autophagy, regulation of metabolic-dependent mechanisms, and targeting microRNAs. We also discussed the deficiencies and the development direction of anti-fibrotic therapies on cardiac fibrosis. The data reviewed here demonstrates that TCM shows a robust effect on alleviating cardiac fibrosis, which provides us a rich source of new drugs or drug candidates. Besides, we also hope this review may give some enlightenment for treating cardiac fibrosis in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Hui Zi Chua
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zining Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xianglong Huang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Qilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fu H, Liu M, Yan J, Zhao N, Qu L. Stachydrine Inhibits PC12 Cell Apoptosis Induced by Aβ25-35 in an in vitro Cell Model of Neurocognitive Disorders. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201110115007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Abnormal deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) is considered the primary
cause of neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). Inhibiting cytotoxicity is an important aspect of the
treatment of NCDs. Stachydrine (STA) has been widely used for gynecological and cardiovascular
disorders. However, whether STA has protective functions in PC12 cells treated with Aβ25-35 remains
unclear.
Introduction:
Traditional Chinese Medicine, stachydrine (STA), is a water-soluble alkaloid of
Leonurus heterophyllus, which can inhibit cell apoptosis, suppress tumor growth, maintain homeostasis
of myocardial cells, and alleviate endothelial dysfunction. This study will investigate the effect
of STA on inhibiting PC12 cell apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 in an in vitro cell model of neurocognitive
disorders.
Methods:
The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cells treated with STA were analyzed according
to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE) 85871 data, and the STITCH database was used to
identify the target genes of STA. PC12 cells were treated with Aβ25-35 and/or STA, 3-(4,5-
dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed and lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined. The cell cycle distribution was detected by flow
cytometry, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western
blotting were used to detect the expression of genes or proteins.
Results:
GSE85871 data showed 37 upregulated and 48 downregulated genes among the DEGs
affected by STA. The results from the STITCH database showed that RPS8 and EED were target
genes of STA. GSE1297 analysis showed the 13 most significantly upregulated genes. STA might
affect the occurrence of NCDs through the interaction of TP53 with EED and RPS8. Finally, Aβ25-35
promoted apoptosis and LDH release of PC-12 cells, arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and
inhibited the expression of the RPS8, EED, Bcl-2 and P53 genes. STA could reverse the effect of
Aβ25-35.
Conclusion:
STA may play an important role in inhibiting apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 by targeting
the RPS8 and EED genes in the NCDs model in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jinxiu Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liangchao Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Morocho V, Valarezo LP, Tapia DA, Cartuche L, Cumbicus N, Gilardoni G. A Rare Dirhamnosyl Flavonoid and Other Radical-Scavenging Metabolites from Cynophalla mollis (Kunth) J. Presl and Colicodendron scabridum (Kunt) Seem. (Capparaceae) of Ecuador. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100260. [PMID: 34139055 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemistry of Cynophalla mollis (Kunth) J. Presl and Colicodendron scabridum (Kunth), both belonging to the family Capparaceae, were investigated in this study for the first time. Lupeol, betulin, lutein, stachydrine and quercetin-3,4'-di-O-rhamnoside were isolated from C. mollis, whereas C. scabridum afforded lupeol, lutein, stachydrine, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, betonicine and narcissoside. All these compounds were purified by preparative liquid chromatography, in both open column and instrumental (MPLC) separation systems. Preparative TLC was also applied. They were all identified by 1 H- and 13 C-NMR experiments. The complete structure of the very rare flavonoid quercetin-3,4'-di-O-rhamnoside was fully elucidated through DEPT-135, COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments, together with UV/VIS and FT-IR spectrophotometry. Complete NMR data for quercetin-3,4'-di-O-rhamnoside in deuterated methanol were presented here for the first time. All the extracts did not exert antioxidant activity at the maximum tested dose of 1 mg/mL. Three out of the nine isolated compounds exerted a good spectrum of antioxidant capacity, being narcissoside the most active against ABTS radicals, with SC50 =12.43 μM. It was followed by lutein and quercetin-3,4'-di-O-rhamnoside, with 40.92 μM and 46.10 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Morocho
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Leslye Paola Valarezo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| | - David Andrés Tapia
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Luis Cartuche
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Nixon Cumbicus
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuaria, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Gianluca Gilardoni
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
A Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6667791. [PMID: 34055995 PMCID: PMC8147530 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is the main pathological manifestation of end-stage renal disease. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis and development of RIF. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as an effective treatment for kidney diseases, can improve kidney damage by affecting the apoptotic signaling pathway mediated by ER stress. This article reviews the apoptotic pathways mediated by ER stress, including the three major signaling pathways of unfolded protein response, the main functions of the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein. We also present current research on TCM treatment of RIF, focusing on medicines that regulate ER stress. A new understanding of using TCM to treat kidney disease by regulating ER stress will promote clinical application of Chinese medicine and discovery of new drugs for the treatment of RIF.
Collapse
|
47
|
Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Kochia scoparia Using ITS2 Barcoding. Interdiscip Sci 2021; 13:128-139. [PMID: 33595803 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-021-00421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Kochia scoparia has high medicinal and economic value. However, with similar morphological features, adulterants and some closely related species of K. scoparia are increasingly sold in the medicinal markets, leading to potential safety risks. In this study, 128 internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences were collected to distinguish K. scoparia from its closely related species and adulterants. Then, sequence alignment, sequence characteristics analysis, and genetic distance calculations were performed using MEGA 6.06 software, and the phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using both MEGA 6.06 and IQ-Tree software. Finally, the secondary structure of ITS2 was modeled using the prediction tool in the ITS2 database. The results showed that ITS2 sequences of K. scoparia ranged in length from 226 to 227 bp, with a mean GC content of 55.3%. The maximum intraspecific distance was zero, while the minimum interspecific distance from closely related species and adulterants was 0.009 and 0.242, respectively. Kochia scoparia formed an independent clade in the phylogenetic trees, and its secondary structure exhibited enough variation to be separated from that of other species. In summary, ITS2 can be used as a mini-barcode for distinguishing K. scoparia from closely related species and adulterants. Its phylogenetic trees could illustrate the evolutionary process of K. scoparia in the Camphorosmeae. The phylogenetic results using ITS2 barcode further supported the internationally recognized revised classifications of Kochia and Bassia genera as a combined Bassia genus, together with the establishment of new genera Grubovia and Sedobassia, which we suggest is accepted by the Flora of China. Graphical abstract .
Collapse
|
48
|
Hamed ANE, Abdelaty NA, Attia EZ, Amin MN, Ali TFS, Afifi AH, Abdelmohsen UR, Desoukey SY. Antiproliferative potential of moluccella laevis L. aerial parts family lamiaceae (labiatae), supported by phytochemical investigation and molecular docking study. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1391-1395. [PMID: 33487065 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1876046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current biologically guided study aimed the in vitro investigation of cytotoxic activity, identification of the phytochemical content of Moluccella laevis L. aerial parts and supporting this activity by a molecular docking study. Aqueous fraction demonstrated the most potent cytotoxic effect against CACO-2 with IC50 = 0.067 ± 0.01 μg/mL. Furthermore, EtOAc fraction showed a remarkable cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 = 0.35 ± 0.02 μg/mL. Consequently, total ethanolic extract (TEE) and its fractions were subjected to LC-HR-ESI-MS metabolic profiling to discover the constituents that possibly underlie their cytotoxicity. Twenty compounds were tentatively identified from metabolic analysis. Furthermore, eight compounds were isolated. In silico docking study revealed that stachydrine is more likely to account for the antiproliferative activity of both EtOAc and aqueous fractions, probably via its moderate inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf N E Hamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nousiba A Abdelaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Eman Z Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Taha F S Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Afifi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Center, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Usama R Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt
| | - Samar Y Desoukey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mamadalieva NZ, Akramov DK, Wessjohann LA, Hussain H, Long C, Tojibaev KS, Alshammari E, Ashour ML, Wink M. The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae): A Review of Its Diversity, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:132. [PMID: 33440727 PMCID: PMC7826601 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. It comprises 44 species, which have been commonly used as herbal medicines for the treatments of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of species from the genus Lagochilus to unveil opportunities for future research. In addition, we provide some information about their traditional uses, botany, and diversity. More than 150 secondary metabolites have been reported from Lagochilus, including diterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, lignans, steroids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile, non-volatile and aromatic compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from Lagochilus species showed hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative, psychoactive, and other activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan;
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (L.A.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Davlat Kh. Akramov
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan;
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (L.A.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (L.A.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China;
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Komiljon Sh. Tojibaev
- Institute of Botany of the Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Durmon Yuli Str 32, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan;
| | - Elham Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Obłąk E, Futoma-Kołoch B, Wieczyńska A. Biological activity of quaternary ammonium salts and resistance of microorganisms to these compounds. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:22. [PMID: 33428020 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) are ubiquitous in nature, being found in organisms ranging from microorganisms to vertebrates (e.g., glycine betaine, carnitine) where they have important cellular functions. QASs are also obtained by chemical synthesis. These compounds, due to their diverse chemical structure (e.g. monomeric QAS or gemini) and their biological properties, are widely used in medicine (as disinfectants, drugs, and DNA carriers), industry, environmental protection and agriculture (as preservatives, biocides, herbicides and fungicides). Discussed chemical compounds reduce the adhesion of microorganisms to various biotic and abiotic surfaces and cause the eradication of biofilms produced by pathogenic microorganisms. The properties of these chemicals depend on their chemical structure (length of the alkyl chain, linker and counterion), which has a direct impact on the physicochemical and biological activity of these compounds. QASs by incorporation into the membranes, inhibit the activity of proteins (H+-ATPase) and disrupt the transport of substances to the cell. Moreover, in the presence of QASs, changes in lipid composition (qualitative and quantitative) of plasma membrane are observed. The widespread use of disinfectants in commercial products can induce resistance in microorganisms to these surfactants and even to antibiotics. In this article we discuss the biological activity of QASs as cationic surfactants against microorganisms and their resistance to these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Obłąk
- Department of Physico-Chemistry of Microorganisms, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Futoma-Kołoch
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Wieczyńska
- Department of Physico-Chemistry of Microorganisms, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|