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Zhang Z, Ying Z, He M, Zhang Y, Nie W, Tang Z, Liu W, Chen J, Ye J, Li W. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with machine learning methods for screening quality indicators of Hypericum perforatum L. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116313. [PMID: 38878453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. (HPL), also known as St. John's wort, is one of the extensively researched domestically and internationally as a medicinal plant. In this study, non-targeted metabolomics combined with machine learning methods were used to identify reasonable quality indicators for the holistic quality control of HPL. First, the high-resolution MS data from different samples of HPL were collected, and visualized the chemical compounds through the MS molecular network. A total of 122 compounds were identified. Then, the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was established for comparing the differences in metabolite expression between flower, leaf, and branches. A total of 46 differential metabolites were screened out. Subsequently, analyzing the pharmacological activities of these differential metabolites based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. A total of 25 compounds associated with 473 gene targets were retrieved. Among them, 13 highly active compounds were selected as potential quality markers, and five compounds were ultimately selected as quality control markers for HPL. Finally, three different classifiers (support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN)) were used to validate whether the selected quality control markers are qualified. When the feature count is set to 122 and 46, the RF model demonstrates optimal performance. As the number of variables decreases, the performance of the RF model degrades. The KNN model and the SVM model also exhibit a decrease in performance but still manage to satisfy the intended requirements. The strategy can be applied to the quality control of HPL and can provide a reference for the quality control of other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Zehua Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Mulan He
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Wennan Nie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Zhenhao Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Wengang Liu
- Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610036, PR China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610036, PR China
| | - Jianming Ye
- Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610036, PR China
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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2
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Suryawanshi MV, Gujarathi PP, Mulla T, Bagban I. Hypericum perforatum: a comprehensive review on pharmacognosy, preclinical studies, putative molecular mechanism, and clinical studies in neurodegenerative diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3803-3818. [PMID: 38175276 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The herb Hypericum perforatum, also referred to as St. John's wort, has drawn a lot of interest because of its potential therapeutic benefits in treating neurodegenerative illnesses. Due to the absence of effective therapies, illnesses like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease pose an increasing worldwide health concern. Because of its wide variety of phytochemicals, especially hyperforin, and hypericin, Hypericum perforatum is well known for its neuroprotective properties. These substances have proven to be able to affect different cellular processes linked to neurodegeneration. They can act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neurotransmitter system regulators, which may help halt neurodegenerative illnesses' progression. The use of Hypericum perforatum extracts and its contents has shown encouraging results in research on animal models of neurodegenerative disorders. These advantages include higher nerve cell survival, lowered oxidative stress, and higher cognitive performance. Underscoring its versatile potential to combat neurodegeneration, Hypericum perforatum has neuroprotective mechanisms that modulate neuroinflammation and prevent apoptotic pathways. In conclusion, Hypericum perforatum shows tremendous promise as a potential treatment for neurological illnesses due to its wide variety of phytochemicals. To completely comprehend its specific mechanisms of action and turn these discoveries into efficient clinical therapies, additional research is needed. Investigating Hypericum perforatum's function in neurodegenerative disorders may present new opportunities for the advancement of ground-breaking therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghraj Vivekanand Suryawanshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Krishna School of Pharmacy and Research, Drs. Kiran and Pallavi Patel Global University, Varnama, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391240, India
- AllWell Neuritech LLP, Dharngaon, Maharashtra, 425105, India
| | - Pranjal P Gujarathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vidhyadeep Institute of Pharmacy, Vidhyadeep University, Anita, Kim, Surat, Gujarat, 394110, India.
- Centre for Advance Research, Bhagwan Mahavir College of Pharmacy, Bhagwan Mahavir University, Vesu, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India.
| | - Taufik Mulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Krishna School of Pharmacy and Research, Drs. Kiran and Pallavi Patel Global University, Varnama, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391240, India
| | - Imtiyaz Bagban
- Department of Pharmacology, Krishna School of Pharmacy and Research, Drs. Kiran and Pallavi Patel Global University, Varnama, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391240, India
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3
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Peng S, Zhou Y, Lu M, Wang Q. Review of Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Depression. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221139082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, a mental illness that is receiving increasing attention, is caused by multiple factors and genes and adversely affects social life and health. Several hypotheses have been proposed to clarify the pathogenesis of depression, and various synthetic antidepressants have been introduced to treat patients with depression. However, these drugs are effective only in a proportion of patients and fail to achieve complete remission. Recently, herbal medicines have received much attention as alternative treatments for depression because of their fewer side effects and lower costs. In this review, we have mainly focused on the herbal medicines that have been proven in clinical studies (especially randomized controlled trials and preclinical studies) to have antidepressant effects; we also describe the potential mechanisms of the antidepressant effects of those herbal medicines; the cellular and animal model of depression; and the development of novel drug delivery systems for herbal antidepressants. Finally, we objectively elaborate on the challenges of using herbal medicines as antidepressants and describe the benefits, adverse effects, and toxicity of these medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Peng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Khalil HMA, Mahmoud DB, El-Shiekh RA, Bakr AF, Boseila AA, Mehanna S, Naggar RA, Eliwa HA. Antidepressant and Cardioprotective Effects of Self-Nanoemulsifying Self-Nanosuspension Loaded with Hypericum perforatum on Post-Myocardial Infarction Depression in Rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:243. [PMID: 36028598 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum (HP) is characterized by potent medicinal activity. However, the poor water solubility of many HP constituents limits their therapeutic effectiveness. Self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension loaded with HP (HP.SNESNS) was formulated to improve the bioefficacy of HP. It was prepared using 10% triacetin, 57% Tween 20, and 33% PEG 400 and then incorporated with HP extract (100 mg/mL). HP.SNESNS demonstrated a bimodal size distribution (258.65 ± 29.35 and 9.08 ± 0.01 nm) corresponding to nanosuspension and nanoemulsion, respectively, a zeta potential of -8.03 mV, and an enhanced dissolution profile. Compared to the unformulated HP (100 mg/kg), HP.SNESNS significantly improved cardiac functions by decreasing the serum myocardial enzymes, nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) as well as restoring the heart tissue's normal architecture. Furthermore, it ameliorates anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and cognitive dysfunction by decreasing brain TNF-α, elevating neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and serotonin), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, HP.SNESNS augmented the immunohistochemical expression of cortical and hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels while downregulating the cortical Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression levels. Surprisingly, these protective activities were comparable to the HP (300 mg/kg). In conclusion, HP.SNESNS (100 mg/kg) exerted antidepressant and cardioprotective activities in the post-MI depression rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Dina B Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority Formerly Known As National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Alaa F Bakr
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Amira A Boseila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority Formerly Known As National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara branch, Sinai, 41636, Egypt
| | - Sally Mehanna
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Reham A Naggar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Eliwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October, Giza, 12566, Egypt
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Kholghi G, Arjmandi-Rad S, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and depression: what happens to the neurotransmitter systems? NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:629-642. [PMID: 35294606 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a herbaceous plant containing many bioactive molecules including naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinol derivatives, flavonoids, bioflavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and chlorogenic acid. Evidence has shown the therapeutic effects of St. John's wort and especially its two major active components, hyperforin and hypericin, on different psychiatric and mood disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety disorders. St. John's wort also induces antidepressant effects. In this review study, we aimed to discuss the role of St. John's wort in modulating depression, with respect to the role of different neurotransmitter systems in the brain. We discussed changes in the neurotransmitter levels in depression, and following use of St. John's wort. It was concluded that changes in the function and level of neurotransmitters in depression are complex. Also, St. John's wort can induce inconsistent effects on neurotransmitter levels. We also found that glutamate and acetylcholine may be the most important neurotransmitters to study in future works, because the function of both neurotransmitters in depression is unclear. In addition, St. John's wort induces a dualistic modulation on the activity of cholinergic signaling, which can be an interesting topic for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Shirin Arjmandi-Rad
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1419815477, Karaj, Iran.
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Al-Shuhaib MBS, Hashim HO, Al-Shuhaib JMB. Epicatechin is a promising novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry by disrupting interactions between angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 and the viral receptor binding domain: A computational/simulation study. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105155. [PMID: 34942397 PMCID: PMC8679518 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the first target of SARS-CoV-2 and a key functional host receptor through which this virus hooks into and infects human cells. The necessity to block this receptor is one of the essential means to prevent the outbreak of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the most eligible natural compound to suppress ACE2 to counterfeit its interaction with the viral infection. To do this, the most known compounds of sixty-six Iraqi medicinal plants were generated and retrieved from PubChem database. After preparing a library for Iraqi medicinal plants, 3663 unique ligands’ conformers were docked to ACE2 using the GLIDE tool. Results found that twenty-three compounds exhibited the highest binding affinity with ACE2. The druglikeness and toxicity potentials of these compounds were evaluated using SwissADME and Protox servers respectively. Out of these virtually screened twenty-three compounds, epicatechin and kempferol were predicted to exert the highest druglikeness and lowest toxicity potentials. Extended Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that ACE2-epicatechin complex exhibited a slightly higher binding stability than ACE2-kempferol complex. In addition to the well-known ACE2 inhibitors that were identified in previous studies, this study revealed for the first time that epicatechin from Hypericum perforatum provided a better static and dynamic inhibition for ACE2 with highly favourable pharmacokinetic properties than the other known ACE2 inhibiting compounds. This study entailed the ability of epicatechin to be used as a potent natural inhibitor that can be used to block or at least weaken the SARS-CoV-2 entry and its subsequent invasion. In vitro experiments are required to validate epicatechin effectiveness against the activity of the human ACE2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Baqur S Al-Shuhaib
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, 51013, Babil, Iraq.
| | - Hayder O Hashim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babil, 51001, Iraq.
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7
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Fisk J, Khalid S, Reynolds SA, Williams CM. Effect of 4 weeks daily wild blueberry supplementation on symptoms of depression in adolescents. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:181-188. [PMID: 32151287 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is an important period for cognitive maturation and emotional regulation, and this age group is particularly vulnerable to developing depression. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been associated with decreased risk of developing depressive disorders across the lifespan, maybe due to the high flavonoid content of these foods. Previously, we have shown increases in transient positive affect (PA) in both children and young adults 2 h after administration of a wild blueberry (WBB) intervention. Here, using a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated the effects of 4 weeks, daily WBB supplementation (containing about 253 mg anthocyanins) on transient and chronic mood in adolescents. Healthy 12-17-year old (n 64, thirty-five females) participants were randomly assigned to receive either a WBB or matched placebo supplementation. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention period using the Mood and Feeling Questionnaire and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Transient affect was assessed before, 2 weeks and at 4 weeks using PA and negative affect. Following the intervention period, there were significantly fewer self-reported depression symptoms in participants who were supplemented with WBB compared with placebo (P = 0·02, 95 % CI -6·71, -5·35). There was no between-group effect on anxiety symptoms or on transient affect. Further investigation is required to identify specific mechanisms that link flavonoids consumption and mood. If replicated, the observed effects of WBB supplementation may be a potential prevention strategy for adolescent depression and may have benefits for public mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeni Fisk
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, BerkshireRG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Sundus Khalid
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, BerkshireRG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Shirley A Reynolds
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, BerkshireRG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Claire M Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, BerkshireRG6 6BZ, UK
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Zirak N, Shafiee M, Soltani G, Mirzaei M, Sahebkar A. Hypericum perforatum in the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders: Current evidence and potential mechanisms of action. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8496-8508. [PMID: 30461013 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders are substantially associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Depression and anxiety are two of the most common psychiatric disorders that often co-occur with each other as well as with other mental health conditions. Because of the limitations of currently available antidepressant therapies, there is a need for agents with improved efficacy and less adverse effects. Hypericum perforatum, widely known as St. John's wort, is a perennial herbaceous plant most well known for its antidepressant properties. METHODS We reviewed the available in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence on the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of St. John's wort and its active constituents in the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. RESULTS Several interesting data have been reported about the antidepressant properties of H. perforatum in clinical trials with different designs. In particular, a number of antidepressant-controlled trials demonstrated that H. perforatum and its active ingredients, hypericin and hyperforin, possess antidepressant properties similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors but with fewer and milder side effects. CONCLUSION St. John's wort may exert potent antidepressant effects and represents an efficacious and safe treatment. However, the current clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of H. perforatum in other psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders is not sufficient to draw a robust conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Zirak
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghasem Soltani
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mirzaei
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Khan H, Perviz S, Sureda A, Nabavi SM, Tejada S. Current standing of plant derived flavonoids as an antidepressant. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:176-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Sanna MD, Ghelardini C, Galeotti N. St. John's Wort Potentiates anti-Nociceptive Effects of Morphine in Mice Models of Neuropathic Pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2018; 18:1334-1343. [PMID: 27688309 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective In this study, we compared the efficacy of a combination of PKC-blocker St. John's Wort (SJW) and morphine in mice with painful antiretroviral (2,3-dideoxycitidine [ddC]) and chemotherapic (oxaliplatin) neuropathy. Methods Morphine (1 and 5 mg/Kg i.p.), SJW (1 and 5 mg/Kg o.s.), or their combination was administered by systemic injection, and antinociception was determined by using the hot and cold plate tests. Results Here we demonstrate the ability of SJW to relieve neuropathic pain in mice neuropathic models and a potentiation of morphine antinociception in thermal pain. The potentiating effect shown by SJW was not secondary to its antinociceptive activity as the increase of the morphine antinociceptive effect was produced at a dose (1mg/kg o.s.) devoid of any capability to modulate the pain threshold in neuropathic pain mice. Further examinations of the SJW main components revealed that hypericin was responsible for the potentiating properties whereas flavonoids were ineffective. Conclusions These results show that SJW has notable antinociceptive activity for both neuropathic pain models and could be used in neuropathic pain relief alone or in combination with morphine. These data support the utility of combination SJW/opioid therapy in pain management for antinociceptive efficacy by enhancing opioid analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Domenica Sanna
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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11
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Hypericum perforatum: Synthesis of Active Principles during Flowering and Fruitification-Novel Aspects of Biological Potential. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2865610. [PMID: 29362586 PMCID: PMC5736901 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2865610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
St. John's wort is a widely used medicinal plant. The quality of herbal drug, which is in most of the cases collected from nature, varies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was detailed chemical characterization of Hypericum perforatum subsp. perforatum samples collected in close time intervals during flowering and fruitification with the purpose to state the phenological stage characterized by maximum levels of active principles. The antioxidant potential and potential to inhibit biologically important enzymes, as well as the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the sample collected during the full flowering period, were evaluated. Data showed that the optimal period for the achieving of maximum level of active principles is the phenophase between floral budding and flowering stage. Significant antioxidant potential and the ability to inhibit biologically important enzymes (especially α-glucosidase) were recorded. The extract exhibited no genotoxicity in subcytotoxic concentrations, while increased cytotoxicity recorded in cotreatment with bleomycin on malignant cell lines was especially significant.
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12
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Owen JD, Evans SJ, Guirguis A, Kellett K, Stair JL. Method development for the determination of elements in Hypericum perforatum L. (St John's wort) herb and preparations using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy and microwave digestion. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 71:38-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
A method was developed to analyze St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) herb and preparations using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to determine the quantity of 11 elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn).
Methods
This study includes the evaluation of digestion acids and calibration methods, as well as instrumental parameters such as choice of nebulizer and emission wavelength.
Key findings
Two nebulizers (Conikal and SeaSpray) performed similarly for most elements, and two optimum wavelengths were determined for each element. Five acids were evaluated for the digestion of the Polish Certified Reference Material Tea Leaves (INCT-TL-1), while three were taken forward to use for the different St John's wort formulations (i.e. herb, capsule and tablet). A simple protocol using 5 ml HNO3 was sufficient in most cases; however, variability was observed for elements often bound in silicates (e.g. Al, Fe and Zn). An external weighted calibration was also found to be preferential over unweighted, and the use of standard addition affected some concentration values up to 20%.
Conclusions
Therefore, this paper presents the development and optimized method parameters to be used with ICP-OES that will allow the analysis of 11 key elements present in St John's wort herb and preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade D Owen
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Sara J Evans
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Amira Guirguis
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Kathryn Kellett
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Jacqueline L Stair
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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Campos LV, Vieira VA, Silva LR, Jasmin J, Guerra MO, Peters VM, Sá RDCDSE. Rats treated with Hypericum perforatum during pregnancy generate offspring with behavioral changes in adulthood. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ravindran AV, Balneaves LG, Faulkner G, Ortiz A, McIntosh D, Morehouse RL, Ravindran L, Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, Lam RW, MacQueen GM, Milev RV, Parikh SV. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Section 5. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:576-87. [PMID: 27486153 PMCID: PMC4994794 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716660290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and recommendations. The scope of the 2016 guidelines remains the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with a target audience of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. METHODS Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical expert consensus. "Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments" is the fifth of six sections of the 2016 guidelines. RESULTS Evidence-informed responses were developed for 12 questions for 2 broad categories of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions: 1) physical and meditative treatments (light therapy, sleep deprivation, exercise, yoga, and acupuncture) and 2) natural health products (St. John's wort, omega-3 fatty acids; S-adenosyl-L-methionine [SAM-e], dehydroepiandrosterone, folate, Crocus sativus, and others). Recommendations were based on available data on efficacy, tolerability, and safety. CONCLUSIONS For MDD of mild to moderate severity, exercise, light therapy, St. John's wort, omega-3 fatty acids, SAM-e, and yoga are recommended as first- or second-line treatments. Adjunctive exercise and adjunctive St. John's wort are second-line recommendations for moderate to severe MDD. Other physical treatments and natural health products have less evidence but may be considered as third-line treatments. CAM treatments are generally well tolerated. Caveats include methodological limitations of studies and paucity of data on long-term outcomes and drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Ravindran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Abigail Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Diane McIntosh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | | | | | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | | | - Roumen V Milev
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario
| | - Sagar V Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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15
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Owen JD, Kirton SB, Evans SJ, Stair JL. Elemental fingerprinting of Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort) herb and preparations using ICP-OES and chemometrics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:15-21. [PMID: 26994552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
St. John's wort (SJW) (Hypericum perforatum) is a herbal remedy commonly used to treat mild depression. The elemental profiles of 54 samples (i.e., dry herbs, tablets and capsules) were evaluated by monitoring 25 elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The major elemental constituents in the SJW samples were Ca (300-199,000μg/g), Mg (410-3,530μg/g), Al (4.4-900μg/g), Fe (1.154-760μg/g), Mn (2.4-261μg/g), Sr (0.88-83.6μg/g), and Zn (7-64μg/g). For the sixteen elements that could be reliably quantified, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate underlying patterns in the data. PCA models identified 7 key elements (i.e., Ba, Ca, Cd, Mg, Mo, Ni and Y), which described 85% of the variance in the dataset in the first three principal components. The PCA approach resulted in a general delineation between the three different formulations and provides a basis for monitoring product quality in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade D Owen
- University of Hertfordshire, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Medical Sciences, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, United Kingdom,.
| | - Stewart B Kirton
- University of Hertfordshire, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Medical Sciences, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, United Kingdom,.
| | - Sara J Evans
- University of Hertfordshire, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Medical Sciences, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, United Kingdom,.
| | - Jacqueline L Stair
- University of Hertfordshire, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Medical Sciences, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, United Kingdom,.
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16
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Ghiasvand A, Shadabi S, Hajipour S, Nasirian A, Borzouei M, Hassani-Moghadam E, Hashemi P. Comparison of Ultrasound-Assisted Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Hydrodistillation for the Identification of Major Constituents in Two Species ofHypericum. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:264-70. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Straub M, Russ D, Horn T, Gschwend JE, Abrahamsberg C. A Phase IIA Dose-Finding Study of PVP-Hypericin Fluorescence Cystoscopy for Detection of Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. J Endourol 2015; 29:216-22. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2014.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Straub
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Detlef Russ
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Horn
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juergen E. Gschwend
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
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18
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Pahnke J, Fröhlich C, Paarmann K, Krohn M, Bogdanovic N, Årsland D, Winblad B. Cerebral ABC Transporter-common Mechanisms May Modulate Neurodegenerative Diseases and Depression in Elderly Subjects. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:738-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Bouron A, Lorrain E. Effets cellulaires et moléculaires de l’hyperforine, un antidépresseur végétal : revue de la littérature. L'ENCEPHALE 2014; 40:108-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Fitzgerald PJ. Forbearance for fluoxetine: Do monoaminergic antidepressants require a number of years to reach maximum therapeutic effect in humans? Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:467-73. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.856010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Vieira VA, Campos LV, Silva LR, Guerra MO, Peters VM, Sá RDCS. Evaluation of postpartum behaviour in rats treated with Hypericum perforatum during gestation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013000500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Economic evaluation of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) for the treatment of mild to moderate depression. J Affect Disord 2013; 148:228-34. [PMID: 23291009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of rising health care expenditures has created a demand for information regarding the clinical and economic outcomes associated with Complementary and Alternative Medicines. Clinical controlled trials have found St. John's wort to be as effective as antidepressants in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. The objective of this study was to develop a model to assess the cost-effectiveness of St. John's wort based on this evidence. METHODS A Markov model was constructed to estimate health and economic impacts of St. John's wort versus antidepressants. Outcomes were treatment costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and Net Monetary Benefits (NMB). Probabilistic analyses were conducted on key model parameters. RESULTS The average NMB across 5000 simulations identified St. John's wort as the strategy with the highest net benefit. The total cost savings for SJW were $359.66 and $202.56 per individual for venlafaxine and sertraline respectively, with a gain of 0.08 to 0.12 QALYs over the 72 weeks of the model. LIMITATIONS A lack of direct comparative clinical trial data comparing SJW to venlafaxine and limited data with sertraline as a comparator was a major limitation. CONCLUSIONS In this model, St. John's wort was shown to be a cost-effective alternative to generic antidepressants. Patients are more likely to receive treatment for a duration consistent with professional guidelines for treatment of major depression due to reduced incidence of adverse effects, improving outcomes. This represents an important option in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder.
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Bergonzi M, Isacchi B, Bilia A. Octanoyl-6-O-ascorbic acid: an efficient antioxidant with potent solubilising properties The case of active constituents from Saint John’s wort. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Wang X, Zeng C, Lin J, Chen T, Zhao T, Jia Z, Xie X, Qiu Y, Su M, Jiang T, Zhou M, Zhao A, Jia W. Metabonomics Approach to Assessing the Modulatory Effects of St John’s Wort, Ginsenosides, and Clomipramine in Experimental Depression. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:6223-30. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300891v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Ministry of Education
Key Laboratory
of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chuiyu Zeng
- Shanghai New Asiatic Pharmaceuticals Minhang Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jingchao Lin
- Ministry of Education
Key Laboratory
of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Ministry of Education
Key Laboratory
of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tie Zhao
- Ministry of Education
Key Laboratory
of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Jia
- Ministry of Education
Key Laboratory
of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xie Xie
- Ministry of Education
Key Laboratory
of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina
Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Mingming Su
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina
Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Tao Jiang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.
R. China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.
R. China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Ministry of Education
Key Laboratory
of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jia
- Ministry of Education
Key Laboratory
of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina
Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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Abstract
Androgens, the levels of which decrease with ageing, play many physiological roles in various organs. Testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) has received widespread attention in the last several years. First-line treatment for TDS should be testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), which is reported to improve several TDS symptoms. Recently, a clinical practice manual for TDS was written and published by a collaborative team from the Japanese Urological Association and the Japanese Society for the Study of the Aging Male to recommend standard procedures for the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and monitoring of adverse reactions to TRT and for post-treatment assessment. In this manual, intramuscular injection of testosterone enanthate or human chorionic gonadotropin and the testosterone gel 'Glowmin' were recommended as TRT. Currently, two topics related to TDS are being focused on in Japan: the relationship between TDS and metabolic syndrome and treatment options for eugonadal patients with TDS symptoms. In this review, the possibility of TRT for metabolic syndrome as well as the relationship between testosterone and adiponectin, which is a key molecule in metabolic syndrome, is discussed. Finally, the possibility of herbal medicines as a treatment option for patients with TDS is addressed, especially for eugonadal patients, because eugonadal men with TDS symptoms account for approximately 30% of the general population. The increase in the levels of several cytokines, such as IL-8, IL-13, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, after herbal medicine treatment may be the reason for this efficacy.
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Klemow K, Bartlow A, Crawford J, Kocher N, Shah J, Ritsick M. Medical Attributes of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum). OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DISEASE 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b10787-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Solomon D, Ford E, Adams J, Graves N. Potential of St John's Wort for the treatment of depression: the economic perspective. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2011; 45:123-30. [PMID: 20977305 DOI: 10.3109/00048674.2010.526094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The burden of rising health care expenditures has created a demand for information regarding the clinical and economic outcomes associated with complementary and alternative medicines. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have found Hypericum perforatum preparations to be superior to placebo and similarly effective as standard antidepressants in the acute treatment of mild to moderate depression. A clear advantage over antidepressants has been demonstrated in terms of the reduced frequency of adverse effects and lower treatment withdrawal rates, low rates of side effects and good compliance, key variables affecting the cost-effectiveness of a given form of therapy. The most important risk associated with use is potential interactions with other drugs, but this may be mitigated by using extracts with low hyperforin content. As the indirect costs of depression are greater than five times direct treatment costs, given the rising cost of pharmaceutical antidepressants, the comparatively low cost of Hypericum perforatum extract makes it worthy of consideration in the economic evaluation of mild to moderate depression treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Solomon
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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28
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Antinociceptive activity of Hypericum grandifolium Choisy in mice. J Nat Med 2010; 65:122-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Gao S, Jiang W, Yin T, Hu M. Highly variable contents of phenolics in St. John's Wort products affect their transport in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell model: pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical rationale for product standardization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6650-6659. [PMID: 20450158 PMCID: PMC2919490 DOI: 10.1021/jf904459u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine content uniformity of phenolics in the St. John's wort (SJW) supplements and to demonstrate how variations in the product matrices affect their absorption and efflux. LC and LC-MS/MS methods were used to determine the phenolic contents of 12 different products purchased locally or from the Internet. Three representative extracts were further submitted to Caco-2 cell transport experiment, and transport of rutin, hyperoside, and isoquercitrin was evaluated. The results indicated that the 12 different products displayed 12 different HPLC fingerprints, but all products contained the following major compounds: rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin, and amentoflavone. The content uniformity of these major compounds was poor across products, with the smallest difference in the amounts of amentoflavone (3.6-fold) and largest difference in that of isoquercitrin (28.8-fold). The Caco-2 experiments indicated transport of rutin in products was vectorial, with the permeabilities varied about 3.6-fold in both directions of transport. The vectorial permeabilities of hyperoside and isoquercitrin were similarly different. Use of efflux transporter inhibitor studies suggested that MRP2 was involved in isoquercitrin's efflux and the product matrix affected the extent of its efflux. In conclusion, different SJW supplements had highly variable contents of phenolics, and the variability in product matrix and phytochemical compositions affected the permeabilities of key phenolics across the Caco-2 monolayers, which may further affect their bioavailabilities. Therefore, standardization will be necessary to ensure safe and efficacious using of supplements such as SJW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Hu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed [Tel: (713) 795-8320; Fax: (713) 795-8305. ]
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