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Hedayati S, Tarahi M, Iraji A, Hashempur MH. Recent developments in the encapsulation of lavender essential oil. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103229. [PMID: 38878587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The unregulated and extensive application of synthetic compounds, such as preservatives, pesticides, and drugs, poses serious concerns to the environment, food security, and global health. Essential oils (EOs) are valid alternatives to these synthetic chemicals due to their therapeutic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Lavender essential oil (LEO) can be potentially applied in food, cosmetic, textile, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. However, its bioactivity can be compromised by its poor stability and solubility, which severely restrict its industrial applications. Encapsulation techniques can improve the functionality of LEO and preserve its bioactivity during storage. This review reports recent advances in the encapsulation of LEO by different methods, such as liposomes, emulsification, spray drying, complex coacervation, inclusion complexation, and electrospinning. It also outlines the effects of different processing conditions and carriers on the stability, physicochemical properties, and release behavior of encapsulated LEO. Moreover, this review focuses on the applications of encapsulated LEO in different food and non-food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hedayati
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tarahi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mazraeh A, Tavallali H, Tavallali V. Variations in the biochemical characteristics of Lavandula sublepidota Rech.f. in response to the foliar enrichment of green-synthesized copper nano complexes from extract of neem and jujube. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108885. [PMID: 38971088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient in plant physiology and biochemistry. This article synthesized copper nano complexes (Cu-NCs) based on aqueous extracts of jujube and neem leaves. The effects of foliar application of Cu-jujube and Cu-neem Cu-NCs at concentrations of 0, 10, 25, and 50 mg L-1 on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and essential oil of the Iranian native medicinal herb Lavandula sublepidota Rech. f. was investigated. The highest levels of flavonoids and polyphenols were observed in the plants treated with Cu-NCs at 25 mg L-1. However, no superiority was observed between the two types of Cu-NCs. Furthermore, 25 mg L-1 nCu-Z and nCu-N foliar application boosted essential oil yield (48 and 52%, respectively) over control. This suggests an ideal threshold beyond which toxicity was found. Similarly, the amount of commercially significant secondary metabolites increased at 25 mg L-1 CuNCs compared to 10 and 50 mg L-1 concentrations. The maximum antioxidant activity was found in extracts of lavender that had been treated with 25 mg L-1 CuNCs. When CuNCs were applied exogenously, the extracts' antibacterial activity (MIC μg mL-1) was substantially increased against the three pathogen strains. The results suggest that CuNCs demonstrate notably greater effectiveness, particularly at an ideal concentration of 25 mg L-1, in enhancing the production of essential oil and bioactive compounds in Lavandula sublepidota Rech. f. Therefore, these findings indicate the importance of the biosynthesis of NCs using plants and measuring the phytochemical changes of lavender plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mazraeh
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University PNU, P. O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Tavallali
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University PNU, P. O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Tavallali
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University PNU, P.O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran.
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Esmaeelian M, Esmaeelian E. Effect of neroli-flavored chewing gum on anxiety. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:103028. [PMID: 39033585 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of neroli-flavored chewing gum in reducing anxiety. A single-blind, two-group study was conducted on 72 university students. Participants were randomly assigned to either the commercial neroli-flavored chewing gum (CNC) group or the natural hydro-distilled neroli-flavored chewing gum (NNC) group. The research instrument used was Spielberger's State-Anxiety questionnaire. While there was no significant difference in anxiety scores between the CNC and NNC groups before the intervention, a significant difference was observed in anxiety scores 20 min after the intervention. Within-group comparisons indicated statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test values of anxiety in the NNC group. The results of this study suggest that natural hydro-distilled neroli-flavored chewing gum can reduce anxiety in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Esmaeelian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Elahe Esmaeelian
- Department of Educational Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Shafiee A, Jafarabady K, Seighali N, Mohammadi I, Rajai Firouz Abadi S, Abhari FS, Bakhtiyari M. Effect of Saffron Versus Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Treatment of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae076. [PMID: 38913392 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Saffron, a natural remedy with potential antidepressant and anxiolytic properties, has gained attention as a potential therapeutic option. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of saffron versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating depression and anxiety. DATA SOURCE Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database, were searched from inception to April 31, 2023. DATA EXTRACTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing saffron intervention with SSRIs in adults with depression or anxiety were included. DATA ANALYSIS Random-effects meta-analysis using standardized mean differences (SMDs) and risk ratio (RRs) with their 95% CIs calculated continuous and binary outcomes, respectively. Meta-analysis of 8 studies assessing depression outcomes revealed a nonsignificant difference between saffron and SSRIs in reducing depressive symptoms (SMD = 0.10l 95% CI: -0.09 to 0.29). Four studies reporting anxiety outcomes showed a nonsignificant difference between saffron and SSRIs in reducing anxiety symptoms (SMD = 0.04; 95% CI: -0.22 to 0.29). With regard to safety, participants receiving saffron had fewer adverse events than the SSRI group (risk difference: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.04; I2: 0%). CONCLUSION Saffron could be a potential SSRI alternative to reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms with fewer adverse events. Further research with larger sample sizes and in diverse populations is warranted to validate these findings and explore potential moderators of treatment response. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023443236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Shafiee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kyana Jafarabady
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | - Niloofar Seighali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ida Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahryar Rajai Firouz Abadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faeze Soltani Abhari
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, 3149779453, Iran
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Behrouzifar S, Esmaily H. The biological efficacy of Apelin against focal transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Brain Res 2024; 1833:148887. [PMID: 38552935 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin has been extensively studied, and emerging experimental evidence suggests that Apelin may have effects on stroke by reducing infarct volume and neurological deficits, inhibiting the apoptosis process and reducing brain water content. However, the credibility of the evidence is uncertain. Thus, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate preclinical studies that used Apelin for the treatment of transient focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS Electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for finding relevant studies from January 2000 to July 2023. The methodological quality and risk of bias scores for animal studies were calculated based on the CAMARADES and the SYRCLE's RoB tools, respectively. The effect sizes were assessed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS A total of twelve eligible studies were used for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The median scores of study quality and risk of bias were 7.5 out of 10, and 5 out of 10, respectively. Apelin treatment effectively decreased infarct volume (primary outcome) [Hedges' g = 2.72, 95 % CI (1.93, 3.51), p < 0.001], neurological deficit [Hedges' g = 1.76, 95 % CI (0.96, 2.55), p < 0.001], cleaved caspase 3 [Hedges' g = 2.16, 95 % CI (0.87, 3.44), p = 0.001], and apoptotic cell number [Hedges' g = 4.07, 95 % CI (1.25,6.89), p = 0.005] compared with the control group. According to subgroup analysis, more notable neuroprotective effects were observed with intravenous administration than with intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration. Moreover, we determined that effect size of infarct volume was markedly related to the species. The combined measurement of two studies demonstrated that Apelin could reduce BCL2 and TNF-α levels as well as brain water content compared with the control group. However, pooled measurement of two studies showed that no relevancy was discovered between CHOP and altering infarct volume. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis was conducted to assess preclinical studies related to Apelin treatment in rodent ischemic stroke. Apelin can exert promising neuroprotective effects by reducing infarct volume, neurological deficit, caspase 3, apoptotic cell number, TNF- α and brain water content and increasing BCL2. The current evidence supports the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of Apelin, but its effectiveness in decreasing CHOP level in animal models of ischemic stroke needs further elucidation. This study was registered within the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as number CRD42023460926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Behrouzifar
- Medical Physiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Biostatistics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Nakajima D, Yamachi M, Misaka S, Shimomura K, Maejima Y. Sex differences in the effects of aromatherapy on anxiety and salivary oxytocin levels. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1380779. [PMID: 38919481 PMCID: PMC11196605 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1380779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Aromatherapy is a holistic healing method to promote health and well-being by using natural plant extracts. However, its precise mechanism of action and influence on the endocrine system remains unclear. Since recent studies reported that a neuropeptide, oxytocin, can attenuate anxiety, we hypothesized that if oxytocin secretion is promoted through aromatherapy, it may improve mood and anxiety. The present study is aimed to investigate the relationship between oxytocin and the effects of aromatherapy with lavender oil on anxiety level, by measuring salivary oxytocin levels in healthy men and women. Methods We conducted a randomized open crossover trial in 15 men and 10 women. Each participant received a placebo intervention (control group) and aromatherapy with lavender oil (aromatherapy group). For the aromatherapy group, each participant spent a 30-min session in a room with diffused lavender essential oil, followed by a 10-min hand massage using a carrier oil containing lavender oil. Anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before the intervention, 30-min after the start of intervention, and after hand massage, in both groups. Saliva samples were collected at the same time points of the STAI. Results In women, either aromatherapy or hand massage was associated with a reduction in anxiety levels, independently. Moreover, salivary oxytocin levels were increased after aromatherapy. On the other hand, in men, anxiety levels were decreased after aromatherapy, as well as after hand massage, regardless of the use of lavender oil. However, there were no significant differences in changes of salivary oxytocin levels between the control and aromatherapy groups during the intervention period. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between anxiety levels and salivary oxytocin levels before the intervention, but a negative correlation was observed after hand massage with lavender oil. Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that in women, aromatherapy with lavender oil attenuated anxiety with increase in oxytocin level in women, whereas in men, there was no clear relationship of aromatherapy with anxiety or oxytocin levels but, there was a change in correlation between anxiety and oxytocin. The results of the present study suggest that the effect of aromatherapy can vary depending on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakajima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
- Medical Division, Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd., Koriyama Fukushima, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamachi
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Misaka
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
- Departments of Obesity and Inflammation Research, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
- Departments of Obesity and Inflammation Research, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
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Chen LX, Yang FQ. Applications of magnetic solid-phase extraction in the sample preparation of natural product analysis (2020-2023). J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400082. [PMID: 38819785 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Sample preparation, including extraction, separation, and purification, is a vital process for natural product analysis. As an attractive sample pretreatment method, magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) has gained plenty of attention, mainly due to its simpler operation, less consumption of organic solvents, and shorter processing time than traditional SPE. This updated review is devoted to summarizing the applications of MSPE based on different magnetic nanomaterials in the analysis of various natural products in complex matrixes, such as biological samples, plants, and Chinese herbal preparations in the past four years (2020-2023). The preparation and fabrication of different materials are briefly introduced. Furthermore, the extraction mechanism and interaction forces between adsorbent and analytes are elaborated, and the advantages and disadvantages of different adsorbents coupled with various analytical methods for MSPE of different natural products are summarized. Moreover, the future trends and opportunities for MSPE in the natural product analysis are discussed. It is expected that this work can provide updated information for future research on the applications of MSPE in such fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Haramshahi M, Babaie S, Shahnazi M, Kafil B, Farshbaf-Khalili A, Naghdi M. The efficacy of oral Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oil on menopausal symptoms, serum lipid profile, and cortisol concentration in postmenopausal women: A triple-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2024; 82:103050. [PMID: 38754638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of oral Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oil (LEO) on menopausal symptoms, serum cortisol level, and lipid profile in postmenopausal women. METHODS This was a triple-blind parallel-armed randomized trial. Seventy-two postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years referring to healthcare centers in Tabriz, Iran with a score of 15-42 on the Green scale were included from May 10, 2022 to May 22, 2023. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups with a 1:1 ratio and using four and six blocks. One group received LEO soft gel 80 mg per day, and another group received a similar placebo for 60 days. A demographic questionnaire and a Greene menopause symptom scale were used for data collection. The lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL) and the serum levels of cortisol were measured using biochemical methods. Chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, Independent samples t-test, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Repeated measure ANOVA, and Paired sample t-test were utilized for analyses. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The demographic and personal characteristics of the participants were similar. After two months of intervention, all symptoms in psychological, physical, vasomotor, anxiety, depression, and sexual dysfunction domains were significantly relieved (decreased) among both groups (p < 0.003), except for sexual dysfunction, the reduction of which was not significant in the placebo group (p = 0.317). The mean (SD) total score of menopausal symptoms reduced from 27.4 (6.3) at baseline to 17.7 (4.9) at the end of the study in the LEO group (p < 0.001). It also decreased from 27.4 (7.1) to 17.6 (5.1) in the placebo group (p < 0.001). However, between-group analyses revealed that this reduction was significantly greater in the LEO group compared to the placebo group only in the sexual dysfunction (Mean (SD): 1.3 (0.6) vs. 1.0 (0.5); adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval); p: - 0.35 (-0.67 to -0.02); 0.039). No significant within-group changes or between-group differences were observed (p > 0.05) in terms of studied serum markers. CONCLUSION The oral LEO exhibited a significant enhancement in sexual dysfunction among postmenopausal women. Therefore, it can be used alongside other therapies to improve sexual dysfunction during menopause. LEO did not affect lipid profile and serum cortisol level in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Haramshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Shahnazi
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnam Kafil
- Nutrition Research Center, Stem Cell Innovation and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mina Naghdi
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Prosche S, Stappen I. Flower Power: An Overview on Chemistry and Biological Impact of Selected Essential Oils from Blossoms. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:595-626. [PMID: 38843799 DOI: 10.1055/a-2215-2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Natural raw materials such as essential oils have received more and more attention in recent decades, whether in the food industry, as flavorings and preservatives, or as insecticides and insect repellents. They are, furthermore, very popular as fragrances in perfumes, cosmetics, and household products. In addition, aromatherapy is widely used to complement conventional medicine. This review summarizes investigations on the chemical composition and the most important biological impacts of essential oils and volatile compounds extracted from selected aromatic blossoms, including Lavandula angustifolia, Matricaria recutita, Rosa x damascena, Jasminum grandiflorum, Citrus x aurantium, Cananga odorata, and Michelia alba. The literature was collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Blossom essential oils discussed in this work are used in a wide variety of clinical issues. The application is consistently described as safe in studies and meta-analyses, although there are notes that using essential oils can also have side effects, especially dermatologically. However, it can be considered as confirmed that essential oils have positive influences on humans and can improve quality of life in patients with psychiatric disorders, critically ill patients, and patients in other exceptional situations. Although the positive effect of essential oils from blossoms has repeatedly been reported, evidence-based clinical investigations are still underrepresented, and the need for research is demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinah Prosche
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Stappen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
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Kim RW, Kim M. Effects of Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Blood Pressure in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024. [PMID: 38757732 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) often experience high levels of anxiety, which can significantly impact their prognosis. However, evidence regarding anxiety reduction by aromatherapy in patients with ACS is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aromatherapy on anxiety in patients with ACS. Methods: The literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO from their inception until February 21, 2024. Based on inclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on aromatherapy in patients with ACS aged ≥ 18 years were included. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the final analysis. Aromatherapy significantly reduced anxiety among patients with ACS, with a large effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.47 to -0.85). The effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) was -0.65 (95% CI: -1.15 to -0.15), indicating a moderate effect size, whereas there was no significant effect on diastolic blood pressure. Inhalation therapy demonstrated a large effect size (SMD = -1.70, 95% CI: -2.33 to -1.08), whereas massage therapy did not show a significant effect on reducing anxiety. Discussion/Conclusions: The findings show that aromatherapy can effectively reduce anxiety and SBP in patients with ACS. In particular, inhalation therapy showed a significant effect on reducing anxiety levels. Applying aromatherapy in clinical settings to reduce anxiety among patients with ACS should be considered. However, the limited number of studies analyzed hinders a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of massage therapy. Hence, further research is necessary to elucidate its potential role in reducing anxiety among patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Whaol Kim
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungsuk Kim
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Kulakaç N, Sayılan AA. Effect of Lavender Oil on Preoperative Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Perianesth Nurs 2024; 39:218-225. [PMID: 37966400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical interventions are known to induce anxiety in patients due to the associated risks and potential complications. Various methods are employed to alleviate preoperative anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the impact of lavender oil application on the anxiety levels of patients scheduled for surgical procedures. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Studies were accessed using the keywords "preoperative and lavender oil and stress" in Turkish and English between July 1 and 30, 2022, through PubMed (including MEDLINE), Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, YÖK National Thesis Center, and Google Scholar. The standardized mean difference was calculated using random-effects models, and the Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias in each study. The study was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis checklist. FINDINGS Twenty studies were included in the analysis. The anxiety level of the experimental group to which lavender oil was applied before the surgical intervention was significantly lower than that of the control group (standardized mean difference:-5.40; 95% CI: -8.76 to -2.04). CONCLUSION Preoperative lavender oil application was found to be an effective method for relieving patients' anxiety. Lavender oil is thought to be a potential standalone treatment for preoperative anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurşen Kulakaç
- Department of Surgical Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey.
| | - Aylin Aydın Sayılan
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Turkey
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Mendes FDCDO, dos Santos KVG, Dantas JKDS, de Araújo SCM, Teixeira FDC, Leal KCDS, Dantas DV, Dantas RAN. Non-pharmacological strategies to reduce stress and anxiety in endovascular procedures: A scoping review. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2105. [PMID: 38520118 PMCID: PMC10960161 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to identify and map the production of knowledge on non-pharmacological strategies to reduce stress and anxiety in patients undergoing endovascular procedures. DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS The review was performed using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, BVS/BIREME, Lilacs, Gale Academic OneFile, SciELO, Cochrane Library, CAPES Catalog of Dissertations and Theses, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Portal of Theses and Dissertations, and Theses and Dissertations from Latin America. RESULTS Twenty-two articles were selected. The articles were published from 2001 to 2022, mostly in Iran, and there was a predominance of randomized clinical trials. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was the most used instrument. The findings indicated that music therapy, educational guidelines or videos on the procedure, massage, psychological preparation and aromatherapy were the main non-pharmacological therapies used to reduce anxiety and stress in patients undergoing vascular procedures.
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Abdalhai R, Kouchaji C, Alkhatib R. The effect of aromatherapy with Lavender-Neroli oil and music in management of pediatric dental anxiety: a randomized control trial. BDJ Open 2024; 10:5. [PMID: 38286818 PMCID: PMC10825141 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of aromatherapy with Lavender-Neroli essential oil combined with background music in reducing dental anxiety and pain during anesthesia in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 56 children aged 6-10 years old who needed dental treatment with inferior alveolar nerve injection (IANB) were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (Experimental, n = 28) aromatherapy with music group, and Group 2 (Control, n = 28) the placebo group. Children in the group 1 were asked to inhale the aromatic blend of Lavender-Neroli essential oil using a nasal mask similar to one that is used for nitrous oxide after modifying it by adding a 3D printed box on its circle hole and listening to their favorite music as a background before 5 min and during anesthesia, meanwhile in the placebo group children were asked to wear an empty nasal mask. Anxiety and pain were been assessed before and after anesthesia using the self-report anxiety scale Facial image scale (FIS), Observational pain assessment scale Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability (FLACC), heart rate, SPO2 saturation, diastolic and systolic blood pressure. RESULTS Dental anxiety and vital signs except SPO2 saturation were significantly lower in the aromatherapy with music group when compared to the control group (p < 0.05), with no differences in pain perception between groups (p = 0.176). CONCLUSIONS Aromatherapy with Lavender-Neroli oil combined with music seems to be a useful and safe non-pharmacologic technique for managing dental anxiety in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Abdalhai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Chaza Kouchaji
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Rasha Alkhatib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacology, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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14
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Yoo O, Park SA. Anxiety-Reducing Effects of Lavender Essential Oil Inhalation: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2978. [PMID: 37998470 PMCID: PMC10671255 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders, causing health-related burdens. With the increasing demand for and interest in safe and acceptable anxiolytics, several studies report the anxiolytic effects of lavender aromatherapy, providing evidence of its physiological and psychological effects. However, existing reviews comprehensively cover the effects of different modes of delivering aromatherapy. Therefore, this review assesses the efficacy of lavender essential oil inhalation in reducing anxiety. The titles and abstracts of relevant articles published over the last five years were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. This review only included clinical trials that utilized lavender inhalation for anxiety treatment. Eleven studies comprising 972 participants were included. Of these, 10 reported significantly decreased anxiety levels after lavender oil inhalation. The physiological measures of vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse, and saturation, were conducted in three trials, showing that lavender oil inhalation could physiologically affect anxiety levels. Lavender oil inhalation is a safe and feasible anxiolytic intervention for treating people with diverse types of anxiety. Data from further studies with a high-quality design and accurate information are necessary to confirm the validity of these findings and elucidate the anxiety-reducing mechanisms of lavender inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyoo Yoo
- Department of Bio and Healing Convergence, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sin-Ae Park
- Department of Bio and Healing Convergence, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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15
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Amitani H, Nishi R, Sagiyama K, Fukumoto T, Funakoshi K, Takayanagi N, Watanabe H, Hirose M, Tagawa K, Ota K, Ito YM, Asakawa A. The effect of lavender aroma for anxiety disorder: a study protocol for a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:397. [PMID: 37932761 PMCID: PMC10626714 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorder is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder. Benzodiazepines, which are often used for anxiety in patients with anxiety disorder, have various side effects. Lavender, one of the most commonly used essential oils in aromatherapy, has the potential to reduce benzodiazepine use for anxiety disorders. METHODS This study is a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study will recruit patients aged 20-59 years old with generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder among anxiety disorders. The bottle containing the test solution (lavender aroma essential oil or distilled water) will be given to the patients. Patients will carry the bottles with them in their daily life and use the drops on tissue paper when anxious. The primary endpoint is the number of times anxiolytics used in 28 days. DISCUSSION If the use of benzodiazepines could be reduced by sniffing lavender aroma, which is inexpensive and safe, it would contribute not only to the risks associated with benzodiazepine use but also to the health care economy and could even be added as a standard treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), ID: UMIN000034422 Registered 17 January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryusei Nishi
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sagiyama
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takamasa Fukumoto
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kouta Funakoshi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naomi Takayanagi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Watanabe
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirose
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tagawa
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Ota
- Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Data Science Center, Promotion Unit, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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16
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Dold M, Bartova L, Volz HP, Seifritz E, Möller HJ, Schläfke S, Kasper S. Efficacy of Silexan in patients with anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1615-1628. [PMID: 36717399 PMCID: PMC10465640 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report on a meta-analysis of Silexan, a proprietary active substance produced from Lavandula angustifolia, in subthreshold anxiety, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (MADD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS The present analyses are based on all currently completed 5 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials investigating Silexan in adult out-patients who received Silexan 1 × 80 mg/day or placebo for ten weeks according to random assignment (n = 1213). Efficacy was assessed based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), several anxiety self-rating scales, the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health status questionnaire. RESULTS After ten weeks' treatment, Silexan was significantly superior to placebo in reducing the HAMA total score (including the psychic and somatic anxiety sub-scores) and self-rated anxiety. Based on a ≥ 50% HAMA total score reduction, the responder rate ratio was 1.34 favoring Silexan, and the rate ratio of subjects much or very much improved according to the CGI was 1.51. Silexan was also significantly superior in improving the physical and mental health summary scores of the SF-36. There were no significant between-group differences concerning the occurrence of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and premature withdrawal due to AEs. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that Silexan exerts significant anxiolytic effects in subthreshold anxiety, GAD and MADD that were consistently reflected in investigator ratings and patient-reported outcomes, including improvement of health-related life-quality, while showing favorable tolerability and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Dold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucie Bartova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Volz
- Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine Schloss Werneck, Balthasar-Neumann-Platz 1, 97440, Werneck, Germany
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Schläfke
- Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Willmar-Schwabe-Straße 4, 76227, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Center of Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Bavarsad NH, Bagheri S, Kourosh-Arami M, Komaki A. Aromatherapy for the brain: Lavender's healing effect on epilepsy, depression, anxiety, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease: A review article. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18492. [PMID: 37554839 PMCID: PMC10404968 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases affect the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles. Herbal medicine has long been used to cure these diseases. One of these plants is lavender, which is composed of various compounds, including terpenes, such as linalool, limonene, triterpenes, linalyl acetate, alcohols, ketones, polyphenols, coumarins, cineole, and flavonoids. In this review, the literature was searched using scientific search engines and databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed) for papers published between 1982 and 2020 via keywords, including review, lavender, and neurological disorders. This plant exerts its healing effect on many diseases, such as anxiety and depression through an inhibitory effect on GABA. The anti-inflammatory effects of this plant have also been documented. It improves depression by regulating glutamate receptors and inhibiting calcium channels and serotonergic factors, such as SERT. Its antiepileptic mechanism is due to an increase in the inhibitory effect of GABA and potassium current and a decrease in sodium current. Therefore, many vegetable oils are also used in herbal medicine. In this review, the healing effect of lavender on several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, depression, anxiety, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease was investigated. All findings strongly support the traditional uses of lavender. More clinical studies are needed to investigate the effect of the plants' pharmacological active constituents on the treatment of life-threatening diseases in humans. The limitations of this study are the low quality and the limited number of clinical studies. Different administration methods of lavender are one of the limitations of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Hatami Bavarsad
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shokufeh Bagheri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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18
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Hedigan F, Sheridan H, Sasse A. Benefit of inhalation aromatherapy as a complementary treatment for stress and anxiety in a clinical setting – A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 52:101750. [PMID: 37031643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review is to ascertain the impact of inhalation aromatherapy on stress and anxiety in clinical settings. METHODS A search strategy was developed using various databases. Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) as well as single and double-blind pilot clinical studies (non-RCT) using inhalation aromatherapy with an essential oil blend or a single essential oil were examined. All studies included a control intervention and use of a validated measurement tool. The time period under review was years 2000-2021. Due to the high level of heterogeneity and element of bias, a narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS The search strategy initially retrieved 628 studies and through application of the selection criteria and the removal of duplicates, 76 studies were selected for review with a total of 6539 patients. In 42% of the RCTs, physiological measures including vital signs and/or salivary cortisol were used in addition to questionnaires. Over 70% of the studies reported a positive effect on anxiety levels in the aromatherapy intervention groups compared with the control. However, in many cases this is limited by the absence of safety data, imprecise reporting of plant species and dosage of essential oil. CONCLUSION Inhalation aromatherapy has the potential to reduce stress and anxiety with data emerging to further support this result across a wide modality of clinical treatments. However, there is a clear need for the development of standard protocols for research in this area, generating measurable results which will create the opportunity for more rigorous evidence-based outcomes.
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19
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Georgantopoulos A, Vougioukas A, Kalousi FD, Tsialtas I, Psarra AMG. Comparative Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory and Apoptotic Activities of Four Greek Essential Oils: Involvement in the Regulation of NF-κΒ and Steroid Receptor Signaling. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1534. [PMID: 37511910 PMCID: PMC10381560 DOI: 10.3390/life13071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are well-known for their anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and relaxing activities. Steroid hormones, especially glucocorticoids, are also well-known for their anti-inflammatory activities and control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and glucose homeostasis. The biological activities of glucocorticoids render them the most widely prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs, despite their adverse side effects. In this study, comparative studies of the anti-inflammatory activities and interference with glucocorticoids receptor (GR) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling of EOs from Greek Oregano, Melissa officinalis, Lavender and from the Chios Mastic, produced from the Greek endemic mastic tree, were performed in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells. Chios Mastic (Mastiha) and oregano EOs exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activities. The former showed a reduction in both NF-κB activity and protein levels. Mastic essential oil also caused a reduction in GR protein levels that may compensate for its boosting effect on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced GR transcriptional activation, ending up in no induction of the gluconeogenic phoshoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) protein levels that constitute the GR target. Oregano, Melissa officinalis and lavender EOs caused the suppression of the transcriptional activation of GR. Furthermore, the most active EO, that taken from Melissa officinalis, showed a reduction in both GR and PEPCK protein levels. Thus, the anti-inflammatory and anti-gluconeogenic activities of the EOs were uncovered, possibly via the regulation of GR signaling. Moreover, cytotoxic actions of Melissa officinalis and lavender EOs via the induction of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis were revealed. Our results highlight these essentials oils' anti-inflammatory and apoptotic actions in relation to their implication on the regulation of steroid hormones' actions, uncovering their potential use in steroid therapy, with many applications in pharmaceutical and health industries as anti-cancer, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Georgantopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios Vougioukas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Foteini D Kalousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsialtas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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20
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Winker M, Chauveau A, Smieško M, Potterat O, Areesanan A, Zimmermann-Klemd A, Gründemann C. Immunological evaluation of herbal extracts commonly used for treatment of mental diseases during pregnancy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9630. [PMID: 37316493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonpsychotic mental diseases (NMDs) affect approximately 15% of pregnant women in the US. Herbal preparations are perceived a safe alternative to placenta-crossing antidepressants or benzodiazepines in the treatment of nonpsychotic mental diseases. But are these drugs really safe for mother and foetus? This question is of great relevance to physicians and patients. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of St. John's wort, valerian, hops, lavender, and California poppy and their compounds hyperforin and hypericin, protopine, valerenic acid, and valtrate, as well as linalool, on immune modulating effects in vitro. For this purpose a variety of methods was applied to assess the effects on viability and function of human primary lymphocytes. Viability was assessed via spectrometric assessment, flow cytometric detection of cell death markers and comet assay for possible genotoxicity. Functional assessment was conducted via flow cytometric assessment of proliferation, cell cycle and immunophenotyping. For California poppy, lavender, hops, and the compounds protopine and linalool, and valerenic acid, no effect was found on the viability, proliferation, and function of primary human lymphocytes. However, St. John's wort and valerian inhibited the proliferation of primary human lymphocytes. Hyperforin, hypericin, and valtrate inhibited viability, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell division. Calculated maximum concentration of compounds in the body fluid, as well as calculated concentrations based on pharmacokinetic data from the literature, were low and supported that the observed effects in vitro would probably have no relevance on patients. In-silico analyses comparing the structure of studied substances with the structure of relevant control substances and known immunosuppressants revealed structural similarities of hyperforin and valerenic acid to the glucocorticoids. Valtrate showed structural similarities to the T cells signaling modulating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Winker
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Chauveau
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Smieško
- Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Areesanan
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amy Zimmermann-Klemd
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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21
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Tan L, Liao FF, Long LZ, Ma XC, Peng YX, Lu JM, Qu H, Fu CG. Essential oils for treating anxiety: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and network meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1144404. [PMID: 37325306 PMCID: PMC10267315 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The findings of clinical studies exploring essential oils (EOs) for anxiety remain disputed, and no studies have yet clarified the differences in the efficacy of EOs. The purpose of the study was to directly or indirectly compare the efficacy of different types of EOs on anxiety by pooling the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from inception to November 2022. Only full texts of RCTs that investigated the effects of EOs on anxiety were included. The trial data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed by two reviewers independently. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed by Stata 15.1 or R 4.1.2 software. Results Forty-four RCTs (fifty study arms) involving 10 kinds of EOs and 3419 anxiety patients (1815 patients in EOs group and 1604 patients in control group) were included. Pairwise meta-analyses showed that EOs were effective in reducing State Anxiety Inventory scores (SAIS) [WMD = -6.63, 95% CI-8.17, -5.08] and Trait Anxiety Inventory scores (TAIS) [WMD = -4.97, 95% CI-6.73, -3.20]. Additionally, EOs could decrease systolic blood pressure (SBP) [WMD = -6.83, (95% CI -10.53, -3.12), P < 0.001] and heart rate (HR) [WMD = -3.43, (95% CI -5.51, -1.36), P < 0.001]. Network meta-analyses demonstrated that regarding the outcome of SAIS, Jasminum sambac (L.)Ait. (jasmine) was the most effective with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of-13.61 (95% CrI-24.79, -2.48). Followed by Citrus (citrus aurantium L.), which had a WMD of-9.62 (95% CrI-13.32, -5.93). Moderate effect sizes were observed for Rosa rugosa Thunb. (damask rose) (WMD = -6.78, 95% CrI-10.14, -3.49) and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) (WMD = -5.41, 95% CrI-7.86, -2.98). Regarding the results of TAIS, citrus aurantium L. was the best ranked intervention with a WMD of-9.62 (95% CrI-15.62, -3.7). Moderate-to-large effect sizes were observed for Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. (lemon) (WMD:-8.48; 95% CrI-16.67, -0.33) and lavender (WMD:-5.5; 95% CrI-8.7, -2.46). Conclusion According to the comprehensive analysis, EOs are effective in reducing both state anxiety and trait anxiety, and citrus aurantium L. essential oil seems to be the most recommended type of EO for treating anxiety because of its significant effects in reducing SAIS and TAIS. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022331319.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-fei Liao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-zi Long
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-chang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Research Center of TCM, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-xuan Peng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-ming Lu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Research Center of TCM, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-geng Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Research Center of TCM, Beijing, China
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22
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Magden ER, Neal Webb S, Lambeth SP, Buchl SJ, Schapiro SJ. The Effects of Oral Lavender Therapy on Wounding in Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081382. [PMID: 37106945 PMCID: PMC10135126 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lavender administration in humans has been shown to promote calmness without the side effects often observed with benzodiazepines. Studies in both humans and rodents have found that ingestion of oral lavender capsules resulted in significantly decreased anxiety. Additionally, mice developed an anti-conflict effect and humans increased socially inclusive behaviors. Given the safety of oral lavender oil and the observed benefits, we administered daily lavender capsules to six chimpanzees who exhibited conflict-instigating behaviors in an effort to further decrease our already low levels of wounding. We compared the total number of wounds in 25 chimpanzees housed with the six lavender-treated chimpanzees in five different social groups (1) prior to administration of daily oral lavender capsules to (2) total wounds during daily oral lavender capsule treatment. We hypothesized that lavender therapy treatment would reduce overall wounding in the social groups. Surprisingly, overall wounding was higher during the lavender treatment period (p = 0.01), yet the percentage of wounds requiring treatment significantly decreased during the lavender therapy period (36% vs. 21%, p = 0.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Magden
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 650 Cool Water Dr., Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Sarah Neal Webb
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 650 Cool Water Dr., Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Susan P Lambeth
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 650 Cool Water Dr., Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Stephanie J Buchl
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 650 Cool Water Dr., Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Steven J Schapiro
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 650 Cool Water Dr., Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
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23
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Shamabadi A, Akhondzadeh S. Efficacy and tolerability of Lavandula angustifolia in treating patients with the diagnosis of depression: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:81-91. [PMID: 34420270 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy is the conventional treatment for depression, with only half of the patients responding to the first trial of monotherapy with first-line medicines. One way to overcome this resistance is to use complementary and alternative medicine. The antidepressant effects of Lavandula angustifolia, which is commonly called lavender, have been investigated in previous studies. This study aims to provide the first systematic review of lavender in treating patients with depression diagnosis. ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and three trial registries were searched until May 2020 to find randomized controlled trials on lavender for depressed patients. The primary outcome was difference between the intervention and control groups in changing depression scores from baseline to endpoint. The included studies were assessed for effect size and methodological quality. Seven clinical trials were identified, in which 852 patients were studied. In six trials, the effectiveness of lavender in treating depression was reported, as being more pronounced adjunct to a typical antidepressant in one study. Significant reported side effects include headaches and eructation. Lavender is beneficial, tolerable, and safe in treating depression. Despite obtaining promising results, they are not enough to recommend prescribing lavender to depressed patients. Further high-quality, large-scale studies for rectifying the shortcomings of existing studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shamabadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Donelli D, Meneguzzo F, Antonelli M, Ardissino D, Niccoli G, Gronchi G, Baraldi R, Neri L, Zabini F. Effects of Plant-Emitted Monoterpenes on Anxiety Symptoms: A Propensity-Matched Observational Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2773. [PMID: 36833470 PMCID: PMC9957398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Immersive experiences in green areas, particularly in forests, have long been known to produce beneficial effects for human health. However, the exact determinants and mechanisms leading to healthy outcomes remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this observational cohort study was to investigate whether inhaling plant-emitted biogenic volatile compounds, namely monoterpenes (MTs), can produce specific effects on anxiety symptoms. Data from 505 subjects participating in 39 structured forest therapy sessions at different Italian sites were collected. The air concentration of monoterpenes was measured at each site. STAI state questionnaires were administered before and after the sessions as a measure of anxiety. A propensity score matching analysis was then performed, considering an above-average exposure to inhalable air MTs as the treatment. The estimated effect was -1.28 STAI-S points (95% C.I. -2.51 to -0.06, p = 0.04), indicating that the average effect of exposure to high MT air concentrations during forest therapy sessions was to decrease anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Donelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, I-43121 Parma, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, I-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Central Scientific Committee, Italian Alpine Club, 19 Via E. Petrella, I-20124 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Antonelli
- Department of Public Health, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, I-43121 Parma, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, I-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Niccoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, I-43121 Parma, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, I-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gronchi
- Section of Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, I-50135 Firenze, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Federica Zabini
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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LEJEUNE VBP, LOPES RV, BAGGIO DF, KOREN LDO, ZANOVELI JM, CHICHORRO JG. Antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like effects of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on rat models of orofacial pain. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 30:e20220304. [PMID: 36629536 PMCID: PMC9828878 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2002-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nociceptive and inflammatory orofacial pain is highly prevalent in the population, which justifies the search for safer analgesics. There is increasing evidence of the analgesic and anxiolytic potential of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (LAV EO), which may represent, when administered through inhalation, may represent a safer alternative for pain treatment. OBJECTIVE to evaluate whether LAV EO has antinociceptive effect in the formalin test, and anti-hyperalgesic and anxiolytic-like effects in rats subjected to a model of orofacial postoperative pain. METHODOLOGY Female Wistar rats were exposed to LAV EO (5%) by inhalation for 30 minutes. After exposure, animals were injected with formalin (2.5%, 50 μL) or saline into the hind paw or upper lip and the number of flinches or facial grooming time, respectively, were evaluated. Likewise, on day 3 after intraoral mucosa incision, the animals were exposed to LAV EO and facial mechanical, and heat hyperalgesia were assessed. The influence of LAV EO inhalation on anxiety-like behavior was assessed in operated rats by testing them on the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM). RESULTS LAV EO reduced the phase II of the paw formalin test and both phases of the orofacial formalin test. On day three post-incision, LAV EO reduced heat and mechanical hyperalgesia, from 30 minutes up to three hours, and reduced the anxiety-like behavior in operated rats without causing locomotor deficit. CONCLUSION LAV EO inhalation results in antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like effects in orofacial pain models, which encourages further studies on LAV EO indications and effectiveness on orofacial pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bordenowsky Pereira LEJEUNE
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
| | - Raphael Vieira LOPES
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
| | - Darciane Favero BAGGIO
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
| | - Laura de Oliveira KOREN
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
| | - Janaina Menezes ZANOVELI
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
| | - Juliana Geremias CHICHORRO
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
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Chemical Profiles, In Vitro Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Four Different Lavandula angustifolia L. EOs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010392. [PMID: 36615586 PMCID: PMC9822278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lavandula angustifolia L., known as lavender, is an economically important Lamiaceae due to the production of essential oils (EOs) for the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and medical industries. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition of EOs isolated from four inflorescences of L. angustifolia L. collected in different geographical areas: central-southern Italy (LaCC, LaPE, LaPS) and southern France (LaPRV). The essential oils, obtained by steam distillation from plants at the full flowering stage, were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). More than 70 components identified in each sample showed significant variability among the main constituents. The four EOs analyzed contained the following as main component: linalool (from 30.02% to 39.73%), borneol (13.65% in LaPE and 16.83% in La PS), linalyl acetate (24.34% in LaCC and 31.07% in LaPRV). The EOs were also evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against two white rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes cingulata) as potential natural biodeteriogens in the artworks field, and against Sclerotium rolfsii, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium verticilloides responsible for significant crop yield losses in tropical and subtropical areas. The results confirm a concentration-dependent toxicity pattern, where the fungal species show different sensitivity to the four EOs. The in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH assay showed better scavenging activity on LaCC (IC50 26.26 mg/mL) and LaPRV (IC50 33.53 mg/mL), followed by LaPE (IC50 48.00 mg/mL) and LaPS (IC50 49.63 mg/mL). The potential application of EOs as a green method to control biodeterioration phenomena on a work of art on wood timber dated 1876 was evaluated.
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Beneficial effects of Silexan on co-occurring depressive symptoms in patients with subthreshold anxiety and anxiety disorders: randomized, placebo-controlled trials revisited. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:51-63. [PMID: 35262795 PMCID: PMC9958187 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Silexan is a proprietary active substance produced from Lavandula angustifolia, with proven anxiolytic efficacy in subthreshold and generalized anxiety disorder as well as in mixed anxiety and depressive disorder with beneficial impact on anxiety-related sleep disturbances. The pharmacological profile and clinical observations suggest that Silexan may also have an antidepressant effect. To investigate the effect of Silexan on co-occurring depressive symptoms, we present a meta-analysis of the five placebo-controlled clinical trials hitherto performed with Silexan in subthreshold anxiety (n = 3) and anxiety disorders (n = 2). Patients of all trials received Silexan 1 × 80 mg/day or placebo for 10 weeks according to random assignment. Assessment of the antidepressant effect was based on item 'depressed mood' from the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) administered in all trials and on the total scores of the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) or the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) used in three trials. After 10-week treatment, patients receiving Silexan showed significantly more pronounced score reduction for HAMA item 'depressed mood' than those in the placebo group (p = 0.01). Significant superiority of Silexan over placebo could also be shown for mean MADRS or HAMD total score reduction (three studies; p < 0.01). Silexan-treated patients with more severe depressive symptoms at baseline showed more pronounced improvements than those with milder symptoms. Our meta-analysis clearly shows that Silexan has a beneficial effect on co-occurring depressive symptoms in patients with subthreshold anxiety and anxiety disorders and may, hence, lead to important therapeutic implications for depressive disorders.
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The Use of Therapeutic Inhaled Essential Oils (TIEO) as a Holistic Approach to Decrease Preoperative Anxiety in ERAS Gynecological Surgery. J Perianesth Nurs 2022; 37:787-794. [PMID: 35637078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preoperative anxiety is a negative symptom frequently experienced by surgical patients. This evidence-based-practice (EBP) project evaluated the effectiveness of therapeutic inhaled essential oils (TIEO) on anxiety levels during the preoperative phase of surgery in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) gynecological patients ages 18 to 65 years old. METHODS A prospective, preposttest, quasiexperimental design was used to evaluate preoperative anxiety scores. Patients (N = 53) scheduled for gynecological surgeries were enrolled at a level II trauma center. Upon arrival to the preoperative area on the day of surgery, patients were asked to score their anxiety level using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A). Patients were provided the TIEO intervention during their preoperative phase of surgery ranging from 15 to 60 minutes. Patients were encouraged to take mindful deep breaths and inhale the essential oil vapor. Before being transported into the operating room, patients were asked to re-evaluate their anxiety level using the VAS-A. RESULTS A matched paired t-test revealed the post-VAS-A measurements were significantly lower (n = 52, M = 31.37, SD = 24.334) than the pre-VAS-A measurements (n = 52, M = 53.50, SD = 26.863), t51 = 8.756, P = .000). On average, postanxiety scores were 22.135 mm lower than pre-anxiety scores (95% CI [17.060, 27.209]). CONCLUSIONS The use of TIEO demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in preoperative anxiety scores within the ERAS gynecological population. TIEO can be used as an adjunct intervention to manage preoperative anxiety. TIEO can be successfully administered in the preoperative area. Decreasing anxiety in the preoperative period may lead to many perioperative benefits such as improving surgical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and quality of care.
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Castro-Castaneda CR, Altamirano-Lamarque F, Ortega-Macías AG, Santa Cruz-Pavlovich FJ, Gonzalez-De la Rosa A, Armendariz-Borunda J, Santos A, Navarro-Partida J. Nutraceuticals: A Promising Therapeutic Approach in Ophthalmology. Nutrients 2022; 14:5014. [PMID: 36501043 PMCID: PMC9740859 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress represents one of the main factors driving the pathophysiology of multiple ophthalmic conditions including presbyopia, cataracts, dry eye disease (DED), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Currently, different studies have demonstrated the role of orally administered nutraceuticals in these diseases. For instance, they have demonstrated to improve lens accommodation in presbyopia, reduce protein aggregation in cataracts, ameliorate tear film stability, break up time, and tear production in dry eye, and participate in the avoidance of retinal neuronal damage and a decrease in intraocular pressure in glaucoma, contribute to the delayed progression of AMD, or in the prevention or treatment of neuronal death in diabetic retinopathy. In this review, we summarized the nutraceuticals which have presented a positive impact in ocular disorders, emphasizing the clinical assays. The characteristics of the different types of nutraceuticals are specified along with the nutraceutical concentration used to achieve a therapeutic outcome in ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan Gabriel Ortega-Macías
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45138, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Gonzalez-De la Rosa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45138, Mexico
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirurgica, S.C., Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Mexico
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45138, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45138, Mexico
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirurgica, S.C., Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Mexico
| | - Jose Navarro-Partida
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45138, Mexico
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirurgica, S.C., Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Mexico
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Peng S, Zhou Y, Lu M, Wang Q. Review of Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Depression. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221139082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, a mental illness that is receiving increasing attention, is caused by multiple factors and genes and adversely affects social life and health. Several hypotheses have been proposed to clarify the pathogenesis of depression, and various synthetic antidepressants have been introduced to treat patients with depression. However, these drugs are effective only in a proportion of patients and fail to achieve complete remission. Recently, herbal medicines have received much attention as alternative treatments for depression because of their fewer side effects and lower costs. In this review, we have mainly focused on the herbal medicines that have been proven in clinical studies (especially randomized controlled trials and preclinical studies) to have antidepressant effects; we also describe the potential mechanisms of the antidepressant effects of those herbal medicines; the cellular and animal model of depression; and the development of novel drug delivery systems for herbal antidepressants. Finally, we objectively elaborate on the challenges of using herbal medicines as antidepressants and describe the benefits, adverse effects, and toxicity of these medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Peng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yamada BFA, Seixas PHC, Fedel IL, Turrini RNT, Gnatta JR. Aromatherapy on Psycho-Emotional Symptoms and Fatigue in Nursing Professionals in the COVID-19 Setting. AQUICHAN 2022. [DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2022.22.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil (EO) versus an EO synergy on psycho-emotional symptoms and fatigue of nursing professionals in the COVID-19 setting. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental pilot study conducted in 2020. The professionals were randomized in Group 1 — lavender, and in Group 2 — lavender and other EOs synergy. The instruments were validated in Brazil, namely the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Fatigue Pictogram, which were applied at three moments: before the intervention, after 21 days of intervention, and three weeks after the end of the intervention follow-up. The data were evaluated using Pearson’s x2 test or Fisher’s exact test (dichotomous variables) and Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney test (continuous variables). Results: A total of 18 professionals participated, and both groups presented improved SRQ-20 scores (p < 0.010), which was maintained in the follow-up for Group 1 compared to the pre-intervention moment (p = 0.033). There was a significant decrease in fatigue in professionals in both groups (p = 0.010), but no difference was observed in the improvement of the impact of fatigue on daily life. Conclusions: There was a reduction in psycho-emotional symptoms and fatigue in nursing professionals who used aromatherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic in both groups.
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Spiess D, Winker M, Chauveau A, Abegg VF, Potterat O, Hamburger M, Gründemann C, Simões-Wüst AP. Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Mental Diseases in Pregnancy: An In Vitro Safety Assessment. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1036-1046. [PMID: 34624906 PMCID: PMC9519192 DOI: 10.1055/a-1628-8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical period for medical care, during which the well-being of woman and fetus must be considered. This is particularly relevant in managing non-psychotic mental disorders since treatment with central nervous system-active drugs and untreated NMDs may have negative effects. Some well-known herbal preparations (phytopharmaceuticals), including St. John's wort, California poppy, valerian, lavender, and hops, possess antidepressant, sedative, anxiolytic, or antidepressant properties and could be used to treat mental diseases such as depression, restlessness, and anxiety in pregnancy. Our goal was to assess their safety in vitro, focusing on cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, genotoxicity, and effects on metabolic properties and differentiation in cells widely used as a placental cell model (BeWo b30 placenta choriocarcinoma cells). The lavender essential oil was inconspicuous in all experiments and showed no detrimental effects. At low-to-high concentrations, no extract markedly affected the chosen safety parameters. At an artificially high concentration of 100 µg/mL, extracts from St. John's wort, California poppy, valerian, and hops had minimal cytotoxic effects. None of the extracts resulted in genotoxic effects or altered glucose consumption or lactate production, nor did they induce or inhibit BeWo b30 cell differentiation. This study suggests that all tested preparations from St. John's wort, California poppy, valerian, lavender, and hops, in concentrations up to 30 µg/mL, do not possess any cytotoxic or genotoxic potential and do not compromise placental cell viability, metabolic activity, and differentiation. Empirical and clinical studies during pregnancy are needed to support these in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Spiess
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Winker
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Chauveau
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Fabienne Abegg
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Paula Simões-Wüst
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ünal Aslan KS, Altın S. Aromatherapy and foot massage on happiness, sleep quality, and fatigue levels in patients with stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Usage patterns of aromatherapy essential oil among Chinese consumers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272031. [PMID: 35969520 PMCID: PMC9377617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the concern over contact allergy risk associated with aromatherapy, information regarding the use of essential oils (EOs) is crucial for consumer dermal exposure assessment. In this study we mainly aim to describe the usage patterns of EOs among Chinese consumers to provide important data for exposure assessment to fragrance allergens in EOs. A web survey was conducted in April 2020 among 1,518 potential Chinese EO consumers to assess consumer usage patterns. The usage patterns of 11 types of EOs were collected among female consumers (N = 457; ages 0–70). For females aged 0–14, they used Lavanda (42.9%) and Tea tree (57.1%) oils only. Among the senior age groups (15–70), Lavanda oil was the most used EO with 46.7%, 51%, 68.1%, and 50% for females aged 15–24, 25–39, 40–59 and 60–70, respectively. The majority of females aged 25–59 used Rose, Lavanda, Sandalwood, Frankincense and Jasmine oil on their whole face more than three times a week at diverse dilution rates. Usage patterns are described for all age groups. In consideration of usage pattern of females aged 25–59, co-exposure to fragrance allergens contained in EOs and cosmetics could make them vulnerable to contact allergy. This study provides valuable information for dermal exposure assessment.
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Mardani A, Maleki M, Hanifi N, Borghei Y, Vaismoradi M. A systematic review of the effect of lavender on cancer complications. Complement Ther Med 2022; 67:102836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Medicinal Plants and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102111. [PMID: 35631252 PMCID: PMC9144835 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various neurocognitive and mental health-related conditions have been associated with the gut microbiome, implicating a microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA). The aim of this systematic review was to identify, categorize, and review clinical evidence supporting medicinal plants for the treatment of mental disorders and studies on their interactions with the gut microbiota. Methods: This review included medicinal plants for which clinical studies on depression, sleeping disorders, anxiety, or cognitive dysfunction as well as scientific evidence of interaction with the gut microbiome were available. The studies were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Eighty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and covered thirty mental health-related medicinal plants with data on interaction with the gut microbiome. Conclusion: Only a few studies have been specifically designed to assess how herbal preparations affect MGBA-related targets or pathways. However, many studies provide hints of a possible interaction with the MGBA, such as an increased abundance of health-beneficial microorganisms, anti-inflammatory effects, or MGBA-related pathway effects by gut microbial metabolites. Data for Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, and Salvia rosmarinus indicate that the interaction of their constituents with the gut microbiota could mediate mental health benefits. Studies specifically assessing the effects on MGBA-related pathways are still required for most medicinal plants.
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Cui J, Li M, Wei Y, Li H, He X, Yang Q, Li Z, Duan J, Wu Z, Chen Q, Chen B, Li G, Ming X, Xiong L, Qin D. Inhalation Aromatherapy via Brain-Targeted Nasal Delivery: Natural Volatiles or Essential Oils on Mood Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:860043. [PMID: 35496310 PMCID: PMC9041268 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.860043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders, also often referred to as affective disorders, are a group of psychiatric illnesses that severely impact mood and its related functions. The high medical expenditures have placed a significant financial burden on patients and their families. Aromatherapy is an alternative and complementary treatment that utilizes essential oils (EOs) or volatile oils (VOs) to achieve major therapeutic goals. In general, EOs are volatile chemicals that enter the body primarily through skin absorption and/or nasal inhalation. In addition, they can work through oral administration. Inhalation aromatherapy has shown unique advantages for treating mood disorders, especially depression, anxiety and mental disorders such as sleep disorder, which have been validated over the last decade through clinical and animal studies. Accumulating evidence has shown that EOs or VOs can bypass the blood-brain barrier to target brain tissue through the nasal-brain pathway. Subsequently, they act on the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and limbic system in the brain to improve symptoms of anxiety, depression and improve sleep quality. Here, we review the natural aromatic plants’ volatiles or essential oils used commonly as adjuncts to manage mood disorders and illustrate the mechanisms of inhalation aromatherapy, and mainly summarized the application of transnasal inhalation aromatherapy in depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. We conclude that aromatherapy does not cause side-effects, which is vastly different from commonly used psychotropic drugs. Inhalation aromatherapy via brain-targeted nasal delivery offers potentially efficacious treatment for mental disorders and merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Huayan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiying He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengkun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jinfeng Duan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Bojun Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Ming
- Department of TCM Pediatrics, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Luo J, Jiang W. A critical review on clinical evidence of the efficacy of lavender in sleep disorders. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2342-2351. [PMID: 35412693 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are one of the most prevalent psychiatric diseases. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder amongst the general population. It is also one of the most frequent complaints in primary healthcare centers. Lavender is called "the broom of the brain" in different oriental traditional medicines. It is one of the most used plants for patients with sleep disorders. This study reviews what is currently known about the use of lavender for sleep disorders in patients with different diseases, from cancers and end-stage renal disease to neurological-psychiatric diseases (e.g., depression, dementia, and autism), respiratory, cardiac, and metabolic diseases. Additionally, its most used administration route is the inhalation of its essential oil (i.e., aromatherapy) alone or in combination by massage. Some limitations of the reviewed literature were discussed briefly. Overall, this critical review provides promising evidence of the lavender efficacy for sleep disorders in a wide variety of populations and diseases. However, further clinical studies with robust design and longer durations of intervention are necessary for more evidence-based judgment on its effect on sleep problems and to investigate its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Medical Examination Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wubian Jiang
- Department of Outpatient Management Service, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hartley N, McLachlan CS. Aromas Influencing the GABAergic System. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082414. [PMID: 35458615 PMCID: PMC9026314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromas have a powerful influence in our everyday life and are known to exhibit an array of pharmacological properties, including anxiolytic, anti-stress, relaxing, and sedative effects. Numerous animal and human studies support the use of aromas and their constituents to reduce anxiety-related symptoms and/or behaviours. Although the exact mechanism of how these aromas exert their anxiolytic effects is not fully understood, the GABAergic system is thought to be primarily involved. The fragrance emitted from a number of plant essential oils has shown promise in recent studies in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission, with GABAA receptors being the primary therapeutic target. This review will explore the anxiolytic and sedative properties of aromas found in common beverages, such as coffee, tea, and whisky as well aromas found in food, spices, volatile organic compounds, and popular botanicals and their constituents. In doing so, this review will focus on these aromas and their influence on the GABAergic system and provide greater insight into viable anxiety treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville Hartley
- Department of Naturopathy and Western Herbal Medicine, Health Faculty, Fortitude Valley Campus, Torrens University Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Craig S. McLachlan
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Health Faculty, Surry Hills Campus, Torrens University Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
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Amin A, Rahmani Gavanrudi M, Karami K, Raziani Y, Baharvand P. The role of aromatherapy with lavender in reducing the anxiety of patients with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review of clinical trials. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies have shown the positive effects of lavender inhalation in decreasing anxiety in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to systematically review the role of aromatherapy with lavender in these patients. By PRISMA standards, we explored the studies on the role of aromatherapy with lavender in reducing the anxiety of patients with cardiovascular diseases in English databases through the words and terms "aromatherapy", "lavender", "lavandula", "anxiety", "cardiovascular diseases". Out of 16 647 papers, 12 papers up to January 2022 encountered the inclusion criteria for involving in this systematic review. The majority of studies (7 studies, 70%) were used Spielberger Standard Questionnaire as a measurement scale for their studies. Lavender aromatherapy was mostly used for myocardial infarction (3 studies, 30%) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (3 studies, 30%) patients. We concluded that aromatherapy with lavender essential oil significantly ameliorated the anxiety signs in some cardiovascular diseases, e.g., CABG surgery, myocardial infarction, and cardiac ischemia; however, more studies are required in this field to obtain more specific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Amin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Karami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Yosra Raziani
- Department of Nursing, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Parastoo Baharvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Zhang W, Yan Y, Wu Y, Yang H, Zhu P, Yan F, Zhao R, Tian P, Wang T, Fan Q, Su Z. Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Healthy Dwelling: Design of Biophilic Interior Environments Fostering Self-Care Practices for People Living with Migraines, Chronic Pain, and Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042248. [PMID: 35206441 PMCID: PMC8871637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of biophilic interior design have been recognized by healthcare facilities, but residential environments receive relatively less attention with respect to improving the health of people living with chronic diseases. Recent “stay-at-home” restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic further emphasized the importance of creating interior spaces that directly and indirectly support physical and mental health. In this viewpoint article, we discuss opportunities for combining biophilic interventions with interior design, fostering disease-specific self-care. We provide examples of designing residential spaces integrating biophilic interventions, light therapy, relaxation opportunities, mindfulness meditation, listening to music, physical activities, aromatherapy, and quality sleep. These modalities can provide the clinical benefits of reducing migraine headaches and chronic pain, as well as improving depressive symptoms. The disease-specific interior environment can be incorporated into residential homes, workplaces, assisted-living residences, hospitals and hospital at home programs. This work aims to promote a cross-disciplinary dialogue towards combining biophilic design and advances in lifestyle medicine to create therapeutic interior environments and to improve healthcare outcomes.
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Kim YM, Lim HH. Association of Early Pubertal Onset in Female Rats With Inhalation of Lavender Oil. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e9. [PMID: 35014224 PMCID: PMC8748666 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central precocious puberty (CPP) is caused by early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis but its major cause remains unclear. Studies have indicated an association between chronic environmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pubertal onset. Essential oil is widely used in homes worldwide for relief of respiratory symptoms, stress, and/or sleep disturbance. METHODS To evaluate this association, we compared the hormone levels and timing of vaginal opening (VO) in female rats exposed to lavender oil (LO) through different routes (study groups: control, LO nasal spray [LS], and indoor exposure to LO [LE]) during the prepubertal period. The body weights of the animals were also compared every 3 days until the day of VO, at which time gonadotropin levels and internal organ weights were assessed. RESULTS The LS group showed early VO at 33.8 ± 1.8 days compared with the control (38.4 ± 2.9 days) and LE (36.6 ± 1.5 days) groups. Additionally, luteinizing hormone levels were significantly higher in the LE and LS groups than those in the control group. Body weights did not differ significantly among the groups. CONCLUSION Inhalation exposure to an exogenic simulant during the prepubertal period might trigger early pubertal onset in female rats. Further evaluation of exposure to other endocrine-disrupting chemicals capable of inducing CPP through the skin, orally, and/or nasally is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Korea.
| | - Han Hyuk Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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Impact of Lavender on Pain and Anxiety Levels Associated With Spine Procedures. Ochsner J 2022; 21:358-363. [PMID: 34984050 PMCID: PMC8675619 DOI: 10.31486/toj.21.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To reduce pain and anxiety associated with interventional pain procedures, sedation is often used, with benzodiazepines, opioids, and propofol the most commonly used classes of drugs for sedation. However, patient coherence and ability to communicate procedural pain and abnormal sensations help prevent adverse outcomes. Therefore, discovering alternative therapies to mitigate the anxiety and pain associated with these procedures and to minimize risk is important. The aim of our study was to investigate whether lavender has an effect on pain and anxiety associated with lumbar epidural steroid injections and lumbar medial branch blocks. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 54 subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 intervention groups, and 46 patients were included in the final analysis: experimental lavender group (n=17), control almond oil group (n=15), and placebo sterile water group (n=14). Patients wore a mask infused with either lavender, almond oil, or water for 5 minutes prior to and during their procedure. Patients rated their anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory prior to and after the procedure based on how they felt during the procedure. Patients rated their pain according to the numerical rating scale. Outcome measures were a comparison of pain among the 3 groups and a comparison of the change in anxiety before and after the procedure among the 3 groups. Results: The lavender group demonstrated the highest mean change in anxiety scores (9.9) compared to almond oil (5.3) and water (3.6) preprocedurally vs postprocedurally. The lavender group also reported the lowest mean pain level (3.8) compared to almond oil (5.6) and water (5.6). However, none of the differences between groups showed statistical significance at the P<0.05 level. Conclusion: Lavender may have a clinically beneficial effect on anxiety levels and pain reduction.
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Effectiveness of aromatherapy with inhaled lavender essential oil and breathing exercises on ECT-related anxiety in depressed patients. Explore (NY) 2021; 18:683-687. [PMID: 35027302 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered a safe, effective, and significant treatment in patients suffering from a major depressive disorder. Anxiety caused by this invasive treatment may impose several side effects on patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy with inhaled lavender essential oil and breathing exercises on ECT-related anxiety in depressed patients. Methods In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 90 depressed patients were selected and divided into three groups: aromatherapy, breathing exercise, and routine care using a random allocation method. Before undergoing ECT, the aromatherapy group was exposed to the inhaled lavender essential oil (n = 30), the breathing exercise group performed the breathing exercises (n = 30), and the routine care group received routine care (n = 30). Before (20 min) and after the intervention (30 min later), patients' anxiety was assessed using Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results After the intervention, the results revealed that anxiety score changes were statistically significant among the three groups (p < 0.001). In addition, it was found that the patients' mean anxiety scores significantly decreased in the aromatherapy and breathing exercise groups compared to with the pre-intervention scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion Aromatherapy with inhaled lavender essential oil and breathing exercises can be considered by clinical nurses as simple, applicable, and effective interventions to reduce ECT-related anxiety in depressed patients.
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Kim M, Nam ES, Lee Y, Kang HJ. Effects of Lavender on Anxiety, Depression, and Physiological Parameters: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2021; 15:279-290. [PMID: 34775136 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The recent evidence suggested substantial anxiolytic efficacy of lavender. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of lavender for anxiety, depression, and physiological parameters and to elucidate the differential effects of lavender on anxiety and depression by study characteristics. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases for randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of lavender on anxiety, depression, or physiological parameters in humans. We assessed the risk of bias within studies with the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. We used random effect model to estimate the average effect and computed bias-corrected standardized mean difference as effect size metric, Hedges' ĝ for all outcomes. RESULTS Lavender was superior to placebo or no treatment in reducing anxiety (Hedges' ĝ = -0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.90 to -0.55, p value <.001), depression (Hedges' ĝ = -0.43, 95% CI, -0.59 to -0.27, p value <.001), and systolic blood pressure (Hedges' ĝ = -0.23, 95% CI, -0.41to -0.05, p value = .01). The moderator analysis by meta-regression indicated that route of administration accounted 6.5% (p value = .187) for the heterogeneity in anxiolytic effects, sessions of treatment accounted 13.2% (p value = .055), and participants' health state accounted 8.9% (p value = .131) for the variance in anxiolytic effects. CONCLUSION Lavender aromatherapy showed substantial effect in reducing anxiety and depression, and sessions of administration increased the anxiolytic effects. The effects on physiological parameters showed small with inconsistent significances and randomized controlled trials on the effect of lavender on depression were scarce. Future trials on depression and physiological parameters are recommended, and increasing the sessions of administration is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungsuk Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Sook Nam
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongmi Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ju Kang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Turan Kavradim S, Yangöz ŞT, Ozer Z. Effectiveness of aromatherapy inhalation on anxiety and haemodynamic variables for patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14593. [PMID: 34309971 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety can negatively affect patients' prognosis in cardiovascular disease. Aromatherapy helps reduce anxiety level in chronic diseases. However, the effectiveness of aromatherapy on anxiety and haemodynamic variables remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of aromatherapy on anxiety and haemodynamic variables in patients with cardiovascular disease. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEW METHODS The CINAHL COMPLETE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid and ProQuest databases were searched. The study was conducted in line with the Cochrane and PRISMA guideline. Examination for bias in the included studies was conducted with the Cochrane bias guideline. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. RESULTS Twelve studies published from 2012 to 2020 were included in the meta-analysis. Lavender aromatherapy inhalation was used the most for anxiety in patients. Aromatherapy had a highly significant effect on anxiety, systolic blood pressure and heart rate, a moderate effect on breathing rate and a non-significant effect on diastolic blood pressure. The Cochrane GRADE approach was used to assess the rating of the certainty of evidence. A high level of evidence was found for the effect of aromatherapy on heart rate, a moderate level for the effect of aromatherapy on anxiety and breathing rate and a low level for the effects of aromatherapy on blood pressure and lavender on anxiety. CONCLUSION It was found that aromatherapy reduced anxiety, systolic blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate in patients with cardiovascular disease. This study provides information to researchers and health professionals about the effectiveness of aromatherapy on decreasing anxiety and haemodynamic variables in patients with cardiovascular disease. Also, the study can contribute to planning studies which are better designed, conducted and reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Turan Kavradim
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Şefika Tuğba Yangöz
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ozer
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Avram S, Stan MS, Udrea AM, Buiu C, Boboc AA, Mernea M. 3D-ALMOND-QSAR Models to Predict the Antidepressant Effect of Some Natural Compounds. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091449. [PMID: 34575524 PMCID: PMC8470101 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatment of depression involves antidepressant synthetic drugs that have a variety of side effects. In searching for alternatives, natural compounds could represent a solution, as many studies reported that such compounds modulate the nervous system and exhibit antidepressant effects. We used bioinformatics methods to predict the antidepressant effect of ten natural compounds with neuroleptic activity, reported in the literature. For all compounds we computed their drug-likeness, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME), and toxicity profiles. Their antidepressant and neuroleptic activities were predicted by 3D-ALMOND-QSAR models built by considering three important targets, namely serotonin transporter (SERT), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (5-HT1A), and dopamine D2 receptor. For our QSAR models we have used the following molecular descriptors: hydrophobicity, electrostatic, and hydrogen bond donor/acceptor. Our results showed that all compounds present drug-likeness features as well as promising ADME features and no toxicity. Most compounds appear to modulate SERT, and fewer appear as ligands for 5-HT1A and D2 receptors. From our prediction, linalyl acetate appears as the only ligand for all three targets, neryl acetate appears as a ligand for SERT and D2 receptors, while 1,8-cineole appears as a ligand for 5-HT1A and D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranta Avram
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, SplaiulIndependentei, No 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (M.S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Miruna Silvia Stan
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, SplaiulIndependentei, No 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (M.S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest–ICUB, University of Bucharest, 91–95, SplaiulIndependentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Udrea
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest–ICUB, University of Bucharest, 91–95, SplaiulIndependentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Cătălin Buiu
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 SplaiulIndependenţei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-021-402-9167
| | - Anca Andreea Boboc
- “Maria Sklodowska Curie” Emergency Children’s Hospital, 20, Constantin Brancoveanu Bd., 077120 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pediatrics 8, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EroiiSanitari Bd., 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Mernea
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, SplaiulIndependentei, No 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (M.S.S.); (M.M.)
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Chemical Profile, In Vitro Biological Activity and Comparison of Essential Oils from Fresh and Dried Flowers of Lavandula angustifolia L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175317. [PMID: 34500747 PMCID: PMC8434377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from dried and fresh flowers of Lavandula angustifolia L. (lavender), named LA 2019 and LA 2020, respectively, grown in central Italy was analyzed and compared by GC and GC-MS. For both samples, 61 compounds were identified, corresponding to 97.9% and 98.1% of the total essential oils. Explorative data analysis, performed to compare the statistical composition of the samples, resulted in a high level of global similarity (around 93%). The compositions of both samples were characterized by 10 major compounds, with a predominance of Linalool (35.3-36.0%), Borneol (15.6-19.4%) and 1,8-Cineole (11.0-9.0%). The in vitro antibacterial activity assay by disk diffusion tests against Bacillus subtilis PY79 and Escherichia coli DH5α showed inhibition of growth in both indicator strains. In addition, plate counts revealed a bactericidal effect on E. coli, which was particularly noticeable when using oil from the fresh lavender flowers at the highest concentrations. An in vitro antifungal assay showed that the EOs inhibited the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii, a phytopathogenic fungus that causes post-harvest diseases in many fruits and vegetables. The antioxidant activity was also assessed using the ABTS free radical scavenging assay, which showed a different antioxidant activity in both EOs. In addition, the potential application of EOs as a green method to control biodeterioration phenomena on an artistic wood painting (XIX century) was evaluated.
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Manor R, Kumarnsit E, Samerphob N, Rujiralai T, Puangpairote T, Cheaha D. Characterization of pharmaco-EEG fingerprint and sleep-wake profiles of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oil inhalation and diazepam administration in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114193. [PMID: 33971301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Essential oil (Lavender EO) has a long history of medicinal use and is particularly claimed to possess anxiolytic and sedative properties. Lavender EO aromatherapy has been used to reduce distress and improve insomnia naturally. Increasing evidence appeared to show similarities between the effects of lavender EO and the anxiolytic drugs, benzodiazepines. However, its effects on sleep-wake and electrical brain patterns in comparison to that of the standard anxiolytic, diazepam, remained to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work was to investigate electroencephalography (EEG) profiles and sleep-pattern elicited by lavender EO inhalation compared to that of diazepam, a standard anxiolytic drug in in vivo rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized for electrode implantation on the frontal and parietal skulls. EEG signals were recorded for 180 min following intraperitoneal injection of diazepam (10 mg/kg) or during continuous inhalation of lavender EO (200 μL) or distilled water (control). Fast Fourier transform was used for the analyses of EEG power spectra and sleep-wake parameters. RESULTS During a 30-60 min period, diazepam and lavender EO significantly increased frontal powers of 0.78-45.31 and 7.03-18.36 Hz, respectively. Both treatments also increased parietal powers with lower magnitudes of significant change. Significant increases in some frequency ranges remained until a 60-90 min period. Sleep-wake analyses also revealed that diazepam significantly reduced time spent in wake, increased time spent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM), increased episode duration of NREM, decreased numbers of wake episode and decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency. On the other hand, lavender EO only significantly decreased wake episodes and latency to REM sleep. Lavender EO inhalation reduced numbers of wake episode but maintain normal time spent in wake, NREM and REM sleeps. CONCLUSIONS These findings might suggest beneficial and distinct anxiolytic-like effects of lavender EO for sleep enhancing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodiya Manor
- Division of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Thailand, Pattani, 94000, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Ekkasit Kumarnsit
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Nifareeda Samerphob
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Thitima Rujiralai
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of SongklaUniversity, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Tidarat Puangpairote
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Dania Cheaha
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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