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Ou G, Xie R, Huang J, Huang J, Wen Z, Li Y, Jiang X, Ma Q, Chen G. Effects of Dietary Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Liver Antioxidant Capacity and Transcriptome of Juvenile Hybrid Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus polyphekadion♂). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050887. [PMID: 36899744 PMCID: PMC10000056 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) on the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, liver morphology, antioxidant capacity, and transcriptome of juvenile hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus polyphekadion♂). Four experimental diets supplemented with 0 (SL0), 0.4 (L1), 0.6 (L2), and 1.2 (L3) g/kg α-LA were formulated and fed to three replicates of juvenile hybrid grouper (24.06 ± 0.15 g) for 56 d. The results indicated that dietary 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg α-LA significantly decreased the weight gain rate in juvenile hybrid groupers. Compared with SL0, the content of total protein in the serum of L1, L2, and L3 increased significantly, and alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly. The content of albumin in the serum of L3 increased significantly, and triglyceride, total cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly. In addition, the hepatocyte morphology in L1, L2, and L3 all showed varying degrees of improvement, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the liver of L2 and L3 were significantly increased. A total of 42 differentially expressed genes were screened in the transcriptome data. KEGG showed that a total of 12 pathways were significantly enriched, including the pathway related to immune function and glucose homeostasis. The expression of genes (ifnk, prl4a1, prl3b1, and ctsl) related to immune were significantly up-regulated, and the expressions of gapdh and eno1 genes related to glucose homeostasis were significantly down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively. In summary, dietary supplementation of 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg α-LA inhibited the growth performance of juvenile hybrid groupers. A total of 1.2 g/kg α-LA could reduce the blood lipid level, improve hepatocyte damage, and increase the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity. Dietary α-LA significantly affected the pathway related to immune function and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghai Ou
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ruitao Xie
- Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jianpeng Huang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhenwei Wen
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yu Li
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xintao Jiang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence:
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Lamberigts C, Wang Y, Dierckx T, Buys N, Everaert N, Buyse J. The influence of thyroid state on hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase pathways in broilers. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 311:113838. [PMID: 34181935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether there are important interactions in play in broilers between thyroid hormones and the central regulation of energy homeostasis through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), we induced a functional hyperthyroid and hypothyroid state in broiler chicks, and quantified systemic and hypothalamic AMPK related gene expression and related protein. Thyroid state was manipulated through dietary supplementation of triiodothyronine (T3) or methimazole (MMI) for 7 days. A hypothalamic AMPK suppressor, 0.1% α-lipoic acid (α-LA) was used to assess the effects of the T3 and MMI feed formulations on the AMPK pathways. Feed intake and body weight were reduced in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid conditions. In hyperthyroid conditions (T3 supplementation) expression of the AMPKα1 subunit increased, while in hypothyroid conditions (MMI supplementation) active phosphorylated AMPK levels in the hypothalamus dropped, but gene expression of the AMPKα1 and α2 subunit increased. For FAS and ACC (involved in fatty acid metabolism), and CRH, TRH and CNR1 (anorexigenic neuropeptides stimulating energy expenditure) there were indications that their regulation in response to thyroid state might be modulated through AMPK pathways. Our results indicate that the expression of hypothalamic AMPK as well as that of several other genes from AMPK pathways are involved in thyroid-hormone-induced changes in appetite, albeit differently according to thyroid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lamberigts
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y Wang
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Dierckx
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1030, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Buys
- Laboratory of Livestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux AgroBioTech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Craig PM, Moyes CD, LeMoine CM. Sensing and responding to energetic stress: Evolution of the AMPK network. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 224:156-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Banerjee S, Chaturvedi CM. Neuroendocrine mechanism of food intake and energy regulation in Japanese quail under differential simulated photoperiodic conditions: Involvement of hypothalamic neuropeptides, AMPK, insulin and adiponectin receptors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 185:10-23. [PMID: 29857310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine coordination between the reproductive and energy regulatory hypothalamic circuitries not only tightly regulates food intake and energy expenditure but also maintains the body weight and reproduction. The effect of different simulated photoperiodic conditions on food intake and neuroendocrine mechanism of energy homeostasis in Japanese quail is not investigated till date. Hence, our present study is designed to elucidate the effect of different simulated photoperiodic conditions on food consumption and neuroendocrine mechanism(s) of energy regulation in this poultry species. The alterations in hypothalamic energy balancing neuropeptides (NPY/AgRP/CART), polypeptide hormone precursor (POMC), protein kinase (AMPK-p-AMPK) as well as receptors of insulin and adiponectin [Insulin Receptor (IR), Adiponectin Receptor 1 & 2] have been investigated in photosensitive (PS), scotorefractory (SR),photorefractory (PR) and scotosensitive (SS) quail. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to quantify the expression of these peptides and proteins. Results showed increased food consumption and body weight gain, along with increased expression of NPY, AgRP, IR, adiponectin receptors and p-AMPK, decreased CART and POMC in the hypothalamus of photosensitive and scotorefractory quail. While, opposite findings were observed in photorefractory and scotosensitive quail. Hence, this study may suggest the hypothalamic energy channelization towards reproductive axis in photosensitive and scotorefractory quail to support the full breeding conditions, while hypothalamic energy deprivation in photorefractory and scotosensitive quail leads to reproductive quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanshu Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Alpha-lipoic acid impairs body weight gain of young broiler chicks via modulating peripheral AMPK. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 211:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Boswell T, Dunn IC. Regulation of Agouti-Related Protein and Pro-Opiomelanocortin Gene Expression in the Avian Arcuate Nucleus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:75. [PMID: 28450851 PMCID: PMC5389969 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus is generally conserved across vertebrate taxa in its neuroanatomy and neuropeptide expression. Gene expression of agouti-related protein (AGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) has been established in the arcuate nucleus of several bird species and co-localization demonstrated for AGRP and NPY. The proteins encoded by these genes exert comparable effects on food intake in birds after central administration to those seen in other vertebrates, with AGRP and NPY being orexigenic and CART and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone anorexigenic. We have focused on the measurement of arcuate nucleus AGRP and POMC expression in several avian models in relation to the regulation of energy balance, incubation, stress, and growth. AGRP mRNA and POMC mRNA are, respectively, up- and downregulated after energy deprivation and restriction. This suggests that coordinated changes in the activity of AGRP and POMC neurons help to drive the homeostatic response to replace depleted energy stores in birds as in other vertebrates. While AGRP and POMC expression are generally positively and negatively correlated with food intake, respectively, we review here situations in some avian models in which AGRP gene expression is dissociated from the level of food intake and may have an influence on growth independent of changes in appetite. This suggests the possibility that the central melanocortin system exerts more pleiotropic functions in birds. While the neuroanatomical arrangement of AGRP and POMC neurons and the sensitivity of their activity to nutritional state appear generally conserved with other vertebrates, detailed knowledge is lacking of the key nutritional feedback signals acting on the avian arcuate nucleus and there appear to be significant differences between birds and mammals. In particular, recently identified avian leptin genes show differences between bird species in their tissue expression patterns and appear less closely linked in their expression to nutritional state. It is presently uncertain how the regulation of the central melanocortin system in birds is brought about in the situation of the apparently reduced importance of leptin and ghrelin compared to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Boswell
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- *Correspondence: Timothy Boswell,
| | - Ian C. Dunn
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
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Wang Y, Buyse J, Song Z, Decuypere E, Everaert N. AMPK is involved in the differential neonatal performance of chicks hatching at different time. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 228:53-59. [PMID: 26873631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported that the hatching time may be in relation to the distinct neonatal performance of female chicks. The present study was aimed to investigate the potential involvement of AMPK, an energy sensor which plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis, in the distinct performance of the spread of hatching time model. As a result, hypothalamic AMPKα1 isoform gene expression was significantly higher in the late hatcher as compared to that of their early counterparts, whereas the total and phosphorylated levels of AMPKα subunit did not differ between the three hatchers. The hypothalamic orexigenic NPY and AgRP mRNA levels were higher in the late hatchers as compared to the early, and that of the middle hatchers was at an intermediate level. However, the anorexigenic POMC and CRH was also higher expressed in the late hatchers as compared to the early hatchers. In the liver, AMPKα2 mRNA level and the phosphorylation ratio of AMPKα was significantly lower in the late hatchers, as compared to their early counterparts. The hepatic phosphorylated GS levels of the late and middle hatchers were lower than that of their early counterparts. The expression of hepatic FTO gene of the late hatchers was significantly higher than that of their early and middle counterparts. Taken together, AMPK may play a significant role in the different neonatal performance of the spread of hatching time model. The central and peripheral AMPK in late hatchers exhibited a pattern of higher energy intake and lower energy expenditure, which resulted in a faster post-hatch growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven. Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven. Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Eddy Decuypere
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven. Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven. Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Animal Science Unit, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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