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Aničić N, Matekalo D, Skorić M, Gašić U, Nestorović Živković J, Dmitrović S, Božunović J, Milutinović M, Petrović L, Dimitrijević M, Anđelković B, Mišić D. Functional iridoid synthases from iridoid producing and non-producing Nepeta species (subfam. Nepetoidae, fam. Lamiaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1211453. [PMID: 38235204 PMCID: PMC10792066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1211453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Iridoids, a class of atypical monoterpenes, exhibit exceptional diversity within the Nepeta genus (subfam. Nepetoidae, fam. Lamiaceae).The majority of these plants produce iridoids of the unique stereochemistry, with nepetalactones (NLs) predominating; however, a few Nepeta species lack these compounds. By comparatively analyzing metabolomics, transcriptomics, gene co-expression, and phylogenetic data of the iridoid-producing N. rtanjensis Diklić & Milojević and iridoid-lacking N. nervosa Royle & Bentham, we presumed that one of the factors responsible for the absence of these compounds in N. nervosa is iridoid synthase (ISY). Two orthologues of ISY were mined from leaves transcriptome of N. rtanjensis (NrPRISE1 and NrPRISE2), while in N. nervosa only one (NnPRISE) was identified, and it was phylogenetically closer to the representatives of the Family 1 isoforms, designated as P5βRs. Organ-specific and MeJA-elicited profiling of iridoid content and co-expression analysis of IBG candidates, highlighted NrPRISE2 and NnPRISE as promising candidates for ISY orthologues, and their function was confirmed using in vitro assays with recombinant proteins, after heterologous expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli and their His-tag affinity purification. NrPRISE2 demonstrated ISY activity both in vitro and likely in planta, which was supported by the 3D modeling and molecular docking analysis, thus reclassification of NrPRISE2 to NrISY is accordingly recommended. NnPRISE also displays in vitro ISY-like activity, while its role under in vivo conditions was not here unambiguously confirmed. Most probably under in vivo conditions the NnPRISE lacks substrates to act upon, as a result of the loss of function of some of the upstream enzymes of the iridoid pathway. Our ongoing work is conducted towards re-establishing the biosynthesis of iridoids in N. nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aničić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Matekalo
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Skorić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nestorović Živković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Dmitrović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Božunović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Milutinović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luka Petrović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Dimitrijević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Danijela Mišić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Chabane S, Boudjelal A, Bouaziz-Terrachet S, Spinozzi E, Maggi F, Petrelli R, Tail G. Analgesic effect of Centaurium erythraea and molecular docking investigation of the major component swertiamarin. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37948163 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2278160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Centaurium erythraea Rafn is employed in Algerian traditional medicine for treating pain. The analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract (EE) from the flowering aerial parts of this plant was examined, and molecular docking of the main bioactive compound was performed. The EE, characterised by the iridoid swertiamarin, was administered to Wistar albino rats in pain models. Peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, and a hot plate test was performed for central antinociceptive activity evaluation. Treatment with EE significantly decreased rats' writhing induced by acetic acid suggesting peripheral analgesic activity. Furthermore, the elevation of mean basal reaction time in the hot plate method indicated central analgesic activity. Molecular docking studies showed good docking energy with acceptable binding interactions of swertiamarin with cyclooxygenase-2 protein. This supports the analgesic activity of C. erythraea EE, justifying the traditional use of the plant as an analgesic herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Chabane
- Department of Life and Nature Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'Sila, M'Sila, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biology: Applications in Health and Environment, University of M'Sila, M'Sila, Algeria
| | - Amel Boudjelal
- Laboratory of Biology: Applications in Health and Environment, University of M'Sila, M'Sila, Algeria
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'Sila, M'Sila, Algeria
| | - Souhila Bouaziz-Terrachet
- Applied Chemistry and Materials Laboratory (LabCAM), Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohamed Bouguerra, Boumerdes, Algeria
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physico-Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumédiène, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ghania Tail
- Department of Biology, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
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Božunović J, Milutinović M, Aničić N, Skorić M, Matekalo D, Živković S, Dragićević M, Filipović B, Banjanac T, Petrović L, Mišić D. Functional Characterization of Genes Coding for Novel β-D-Glucosidases Involved in the Initial Step of Secoiridoid Glucosides Catabolism in Centaurium erythraea Rafn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:914138. [PMID: 35812935 PMCID: PMC9260424 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.914138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secoiridoid glucosides (SGs) are monoterpenoids derived from the iridoid cyclopentane-C-pyran skeleton with β-D glucose linked at C1 position. Coordinated metabolic processes, such as biosynthesis and catabolism of SGs, ensure constitutive presence of these bitter tasting compounds in plant tissues, which plays a decisive role in the defense against pathogens and herbivores. These compounds are susceptible to hydrolysis mediated by enzymes β-glucosidases, and the resulting aglycones are subsequently directed toward different metabolic pathways in plants. Function of two β-D-glucosidases (named CeBGlu1 and CeBGlu2) from centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn; fam. Gentianaceae), belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 1 (GH1) family, was confirmed using in vitro assays with recombinant proteins, following their heterologous expression in E. coli and His-tag affinity purification. Although they show slightly differential substrate preference, both isoforms display high specificity toward SGs and the organ-specific distribution of transcripts was positively correlated with the content of SGs in diploid and tetraploid C. erythraea plants. Transient overexpression of CeBGlu1 and CeBGlu2 in C. erythraea leaves induced changes in metabolite profiles. The effectiveness of transgene overexpression has been altered by plant ploidy. UHPLC/DAD/(±)HESI - MS2 profiling of leaves of diploid and tetraploid C. erythraea genotypes revealed that the amounts of major SGs; sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicrin was decreased in agroinfiltrated leaves, especially when CeBGlu1 and CeBGlu2 were co-expressed with transgene silencing suppressor p19. The work demonstrates that in planta metabolic engineering adopting transient overexpression of CeBGlu1 and CeBGlu2 is a suitable tool for the modulation of SGs content and glucosides/aglycones ratio, which might have substantial effects on overall phytochemistry of C. erythraea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dragana Matekalo
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Danijela Mišić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Secoiridoids Metabolism Response to Wounding in Common Centaury ( Centaurium erythraea Rafn) Leaves. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120589. [PMID: 31835780 PMCID: PMC6963686 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Centaurium erythraea Rafn produces and accumulates various biologically active specialized metabolites, including secoiridoid glucosides (SGs), which help plants to cope with unfavorable environmental conditions. Specialized metabolism is commonly modulated in a way to increase the level of protective metabolites, such as SGs. Here, we report the molecular background of the wounding-induced changes in SGs metabolism for the first time. The mechanical wounding of leaves leads to a coordinated up-regulation of SGs biosynthetic genes and corresponding JA-related transcription factors (TFs) after 24 h, which results in the increase of metabolic flux through the biosynthetic pathway and, finally, leads to the elevated accumulation of SGs 96 h upon injury. The most pronounced increase in relative expression was detected for secologanin synthase (CeSLS), highlighting this enzyme as an important point for the regulation of biosynthetic flux through the SG pathway. A similar expression pattern was observed for CeBIS1, imposing itself as the TF that is prominently involved in wound-induced regulation of SGs biosynthesis genes. The high degree of positive correlations between and among the biosynthetic genes and targeted TFs expressions indicate the transcriptional regulation of SGs biosynthesis in response to wounding with a significant role of CeBIS1, which is a known component of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway.
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