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Nishimura T, Makigawa S, Sun J, Kodama K, Sugiyama H, Matsumoto K, Iwata T, Wasano N, Kano A, Morita MT, Fujii Y, Shindo M. Design and synthesis of strong root gravitropism inhibitors with no concomitant growth inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5173. [PMID: 36997582 PMCID: PMC10063617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe a highly potent gravitropic bending inhibitor with no concomitant growth inhibition. Previously, we reported that (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid (ku-76) selectively inhibits root gravitropic bending of lettuce radicles at 5 μM. Based on the structure-activity relationship study of ku-76 as a lead compound, we designed and synthesized various C4-substituted analogs of ku-76. Among the analogs, 4-phenylethynyl analog exhibited the highest potency for gravitropic bending inhibition, which was effective at only 0.01 μM. Remarkably, 4-phenylethynyl analog is much more potent than the known inhibitor, NPA. Substitution in the para position on the aromatic ring of 4-phenylethynyl group was tolerated without diminished activity. In addition, evaluation using Arabidopsis indicated that 4-phenylethynyl analog inhibits gravitropism by affecting auxin distribution in the root tips. Based on the effects on Arabidopsis phenotypes, 4-phenylethynyl analog may be a novel inhibitor that differs in action from the previously reported auxin transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishimura
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Saki Makigawa
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Jun Sun
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kozue Kodama
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sugiyama
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iwata
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Naoya Wasano
- International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kano
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Fujii
- International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shindo
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan.
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Synthesis of 3-Aryl-3-(Furan-2-yl)Propanoic Acid Derivatives, and Study of Their Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144612. [PMID: 35889484 PMCID: PMC9325161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactions of 3-(furan-2-yl)propenoic acids and their esters with arenes in Brønsted superacid TfOH affords products of hydroarylation of the carbon–carbon double bond, 3-aryl-3-(furan-2-yl)propenoic acid derivatives. According to NMR and DFT studies, the corresponding O,C-diprotonated forms of the starting furan acids and esters should be reactive electrophilic species in these transformations. Starting compounds and their hydroarylation products, at a concentration of 64 µg/mL, demonstrate good antimicrobial activity against yeast-like fungi Candida albicans. Apart from that, these compounds suppress Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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