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Gao Y, Shi X, Chang Y, Li Y, Xiong X, Liu H, Li M, Li W, Zhang X, Fu Z, Xue Y, Tang J. Mapping the gene of a maize leaf senescence mutant and understanding the senescence pathways by expression analysis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1651-1663. [PMID: 37498331 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGES Narrowing down to a single putative target gene behind a leaf senescence mutant and constructing the regulation network by proteomic method. Leaf senescence mutant is an important resource for exploring molecular mechanism of aging. To dig for potential modulation networks during maize leaf aging process, we delimited the gene responsible for a premature leaf senescence mutant els5 to a 1.1 Mb interval in the B73 reference genome using a BC1F1 population with 40,000 plants, and analyzed the leaf proteomics of the mutant and its near-isogenic wild type line. A total of 1355 differentially accumulated proteins (DAP) were mainly enriched in regulation pathways such as "photosynthesis", "ribosome", and "porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism" by the KEGG pathway analysis. The interaction networks constructed by incorporation of transcriptome data showed that ZmELS5 likely repaired several key factors in the photosynthesis system. The putative candidate proteins for els5 were proposed based on DAPs in the fined QTL mapping interval. These results provide fundamental basis for cloning and functional research of the els5 gene, and new insights into the molecular mechanism of leaf senescence in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yongyuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xuehang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Shim KC, Kang Y, Song JH, Kim YJ, Kim JK, Kim C, Tai TH, Park I, Ahn SN. A Frameshift Mutation in the Mg-Chelatase I Subunit Gene OsCHLI Is Associated with a Lethal Chlorophyll-Deficient, Yellow Seedling Phenotype in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2831. [PMID: 37570985 PMCID: PMC10420988 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll biosynthesis is a crucial biological process in plants, and chlorophyll content is one of the most important traits in rice breeding programs. In this study, we identified a lethal, chlorophyll-deficient, yellow seedling (YS) phenotype segregating in progeny of CR5055-21, an F2 plant derived from a backcross between Korean japonica variety 'Hwaseong' (Oryza sativa) and CR5029, which is mostly Hwaseong with a small amount of Oryza grandiglumis chromosome segments. The segregation of the mutant phenotype was consistent with a single gene recessive mutation. Light microscopy of YS leaf cross-sections revealed loosely arranged mesophyll cells and sparse parenchyma in contrast to wildtype. In addition, transmission electron microscopy showed that chloroplasts did not develop in the mesophyll cells of the YS mutant. Quantitative trait loci (QTL)-seq analysis did not detect any significant QTL, however, examination of the individual delta-SNP index identified a 2-bp deletion (AG) in the OsCHLI gene, a magnesium (Mg)-chelatase subunit. A dCAPs marker was designed and genotyping of a segregating population (n = 275) showed that the mutant phenotype co-segregated with the marker. The 2-bp deletion was predicted to result in a frameshift mutation generating a premature termination. The truncated protein likely affects formation and function of Mg-chelatase, which consists of three different subunits that together catalyze the first committed step of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Transcriptome analysis showed that photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were significantly altered although expression of OsCHLI was not. Chlorophyll- and carotenoid-related genes were also differentially expressed in the YS mutant. Our findings demonstrated that OsCHLI plays an important role in leaf pigment biosynthesis and leaf structure development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Chan Shim
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.S.); (Y.K.); (C.K.)
- USDA-ARS Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuna Kang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.S.); (Y.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Jun-Ho Song
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ye Jin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.S.); (Y.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Thomas H. Tai
- USDA-ARS Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Nag Ahn
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.S.); (Y.K.); (C.K.)
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Wang H, Tu R, Ruan Z, Wu D, Peng Z, Zhou X, Liu Q, Wu W, Cao L, Cheng S, Sun L, Zhan X, Shen X. STRIPE3, encoding a human dNTPase SAMHD1 homolog, regulates chloroplast development in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111395. [PMID: 35878695 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast is an important organelle for photosynthesis and numerous essential metabolic processes, thus ensuring plant fitness or survival. Although many genes involved in chloroplast development have been identified, mechanisms underlying such development are not fully understood. Here, we isolated and characterized the stripe3 (st3) mutant which exhibited white-striped leaves with reduced chlorophyll content and abnormal chloroplast development during the seedling stage, but gradually produced nearly normal green leaves as it developed. Map-based cloning and transgenic tests demonstrated that a splicing mutation in ST3, encoding a human deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) SAMHD1 homolog, was responsible for st3 phenotypes. ST3 is highly expressed in the third leaf at three-leaf stage and expressed constitutively in root, stem, leaf, sheath, and panicle, and the encoded protein, OsSAMHD1, is localized to the cytoplasm. The st3 mutant showed more severe albino leaf phenotype under exogenous 1-mM dATP/dA, dCTP/dC, and dGTP/dG treatments compared with the control conditions, indicating that ST3 is involved in dNTP metabolism. This study reveals a gene associated with dNTP catabolism, and propose a model in which chloroplast development in rice is regulated by the dNTP pool, providing a potential application of these results to hybrid rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China
| | - Ranran Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China
| | - Zheyan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China
| | - Duo Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zequn Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China
| | - Xingpeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China
| | - Weixun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China
| | - Lianping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China.
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China.
| | - Xihong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401 China.
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Huo L, Guo Z, Wang Q, Cheng L, Jia X, Wang P, Gong X, Li C, Ma F. Enhanced Autophagic Activity Improved the Root Growth and Nitrogen Utilization Ability of Apple Plants under Nitrogen Starvation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158085. [PMID: 34360850 PMCID: PMC8348665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway for recycling damaged organelles and aberrant proteins, and its important roles in plant adaptation to nutrient starvation have been generally reported. Previous studies found that overexpression of autophagy-related (ATG) gene MdATG10 enhanced the autophagic activity in apple roots and promoted their salt tolerance. The MdATG10 expression was induced by nitrogen depletion condition in both leaves and roots of apple plants. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the growth and physiological status between wild type and MdATG10-overexpressing apple plants in response to nitrogen starvation. A hydroponic system containing different nitrogen levels was used. The study found that the reduction in growth and nitrogen concentrations in different tissues caused by nitrogen starvation was relieved by MdATG10 overexpression. Further studies demonstrated the increased root growth and the higher nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability of transgenic plants. These characteristics contributed to the increased uptake of limited nitrogen nutrients by transgenic plants, which also reduced the starvation damage to the chloroplasts. Therefore, the MdATG10-overexpressing apple plants could maintain higher photosynthetic ability and possess better growth under nitrogen starvation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (L.H.); (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (L.C.); (X.J.); (P.W.); (X.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (L.H.); (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (L.C.); (X.J.); (P.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (L.H.); (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (L.C.); (X.J.); (P.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (L.H.); (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (L.C.); (X.J.); (P.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (L.H.); (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (L.C.); (X.J.); (P.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (L.H.); (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (L.C.); (X.J.); (P.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (L.H.); (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (L.C.); (X.J.); (P.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (L.H.); (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (L.C.); (X.J.); (P.W.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (L.H.); (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (L.C.); (X.J.); (P.W.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (F.M.)
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5
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Construction of dominant rice population under dry cultivation by seeding rate and nitrogen rate interaction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7189. [PMID: 33785832 PMCID: PMC8009885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used the rice cultivar Suijing 18 to investigate the effects of morphological characteristics, photosynthetic changes, yield, as well as nitrogen absorption and utilization. The interaction between seeding rate and nitrogen rate was also assessed to identify the most suitable values of the dominant population for both factors under dry cultivation. Furthermore, the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of the upper three leaves in the dominant population were also explored. The results showed that a combination of 195 kg/ha seeding rate and 140 kg/ha nitrogen rate achieved high yield, high nitrogen utilization, and moderate morphological characteristics. This was achieved by a coordination of the combined advantages of population panicle number and spikelets per panicle. The photosynthetic potential of the population was improved by coordinating the reasonable distribution of light energy in the upper three leaves, which led to the emergence of a dominant rice population under dry cultivation.
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Chen GE, Hitchcock A, Mareš J, Gong Y, Tichý M, Pilný J, Kovářová L, Zdvihalová B, Xu J, Hunter CN, Sobotka R. Evolution of Ycf54-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024633118. [PMID: 33649240 PMCID: PMC7958208 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024633118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chls) are essential cofactors for photosynthesis. One of the least understood steps of Chl biosynthesis is formation of the fifth (E) ring, where the red substrate, magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester, is converted to the green product, 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a In oxygenic phototrophs, this reaction is catalyzed by an oxygen-dependent cyclase, consisting of a catalytic subunit (AcsF/CycI) and an auxiliary protein, Ycf54. Deletion of Ycf54 impairs cyclase activity and results in severe Chl deficiency, but its exact role is not clear. Here, we used a Δycf54 mutant of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to generate suppressor mutations that restore normal levels of Chl. Sequencing Δycf54 revertants identified a single D219G amino acid substitution in CycI and frameshifts in slr1916, which encodes a putative esterase. Introduction of these mutations to the original Δycf54 mutant validated the suppressor effect, especially in combination. However, comprehensive analysis of the Δycf54 suppressor strains revealed that the D219G-substituted CycI is only partially active and its accumulation is misregulated, suggesting that Ycf54 controls both the level and activity of CycI. We also show that Slr1916 has Chl dephytylase activity in vitro and its inactivation up-regulates the entire Chl biosynthetic pathway, resulting in improved cyclase activity. Finally, large-scale bioinformatic analysis indicates that our laboratory evolution of Ycf54-independent CycI mimics natural evolution of AcsF in low-light-adapted ecotypes of the oceanic cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus, which lack Ycf54, providing insight into the evolutionary history of the cyclase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu E Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Mareš
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yanhai Gong
- Single-Cell Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Martin Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pilný
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kovářová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Zdvihalová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Liang Y, Wang J, Zeng F, Wang Q, Zhu L, Li H, Guo N, Chen H. Photorespiration Regulates Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism by Magnesium Chelatase D Subunit in Rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:112-125. [PMID: 33353295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development of plants are dependent on the interaction between carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Essential information about the metabolic regulation of carbon-nitrogen metabolism is still lacking, such as possible interactions among nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, and photorespiration. This study shows that higher photorespiration consumes more CO2 fixed by photosynthesis, making the high photosynthetic efficiency mutant fail to increase production. In order to clarify the effects of photosynthesis and photorespiration on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in high photosynthetic efficiency mutant, a yellow-green leaf mutant (ygl53) was isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Its chlorophyll (Chl) content decreased, but chloroplast development was not affected. Genetic analysis demonstrated that YGL53 encodes the magnesium chelatase D subunit (ChlD). The ygl53 mutant showed an increased net assimilation rate (An) and electron transport flux efficiency and catalase (CAT) activity, and it also had a higher photorespiration rate (Pr), lower H2O2, and reduced nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE); however, there was no loss in yield. The higher activities of glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine synthetase (GS) ensure the α-ketoglutaric acid (2-OG) and ammonia (NH3) availabilities, which are produced from photorespiration in the ygl53 mutant. These have an important function for carbon and nitrogen metabolism homeostasis in ygl53. Further analysis indicated that the energy and substances derived from carbon metabolism supplemented nitrogen metabolism in the form of photorespiration to ensure its normal development when the An of photosynthesis was increased in the ygl53 mutant with reduced NUpE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpei Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Faliang Zeng
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Naihui Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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8
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Protochlorophyllide synthesis by recombinant cyclases from eukaryotic oxygenic phototrophs and the dependence on Ycf54. Biochem J 2020; 477:2313-2325. [PMID: 32469391 PMCID: PMC7319587 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The unique isocyclic E ring of chlorophylls contributes to their role as light-absorbing pigments in photosynthesis. The formation of the E ring is catalyzed by the Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase, and the O2-dependent cyclase in prokaryotes consists of a diiron protein AcsF, augmented in cyanobacteria by an auxiliary subunit Ycf54. Here, we establish the composition of plant and algal cyclases, by demonstrating the in vivo heterologous activity of O2-dependent cyclases from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in the anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus and in the non-photosynthetic bacterium Escherichia coli. In each case, an AcsF homolog is the core catalytic subunit, but there is an absolute requirement for an algal/plant counterpart of Ycf54, so the necessity for an auxiliary subunit is ubiquitous among oxygenic phototrophs. A C-terminal ∼40 aa extension, which is present specifically in green algal and plant Ycf54 proteins, may play an important role in the normal function of the protein as a cyclase subunit.
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9
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Xiong E, Li Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Peng T, Chen Z, Zhao Q. A study of leaf-senescence genes in rice based on a combination of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5998850. [PMID: 33257942 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly complex, genetically regulated and well-ordered process with multiple layers and pathways. Delaying leaf senescence would help increase grain yields in rice. Over the past 15 years, more than 100 rice leaf-senescence genes have been cloned, greatly improving the understanding of leaf senescence in rice. Systematically elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf senescence will provide breeders with new tools/options for improving many important agronomic traits. In this study, we summarized recent reports on 125 rice leaf-senescence genes, providing an overview of the research progress in this field by analyzing the subcellular localizations, molecular functions and the relationship of them. These data showed that chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, chloroplast development, abscisic acid pathway, jasmonic acid pathway, nitrogen assimilation and ROS play an important role in regulating the leaf senescence in rice. Furthermore, we predicted and analyzed the proteins that interact with leaf-senescence proteins and achieved a more profound understanding of the molecular principles underlying the regulatory mechanisms by which leaf senescence occurs, thus providing new insights for future investigations of leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhui Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University (HAU), China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ye Liu
- College of Agriculture, HAU
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10
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Tu R, Wang H, Liu Q, Wang D, Zhou X, Xu P, Zhang Y, Wu W, Chen D, Cao L, Cheng S, Shen X. Characterization and genetic analysis of the oshpl3 rice lesion mimic mutant showing spontaneous cell death and enhanced bacterial blight resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:94-104. [PMID: 32535325 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant lesion mimic mutants have been used as ideal materials for studying pathogen defense mechanisms due to their spontaneous activation of defense responses in plants. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a rice lesion mimic mutant, oshpl3. The oshpl3 mutant initially displayed white spots on leaves of 7-day-old seedlings, and the white spots gradually turned into large brown spots during plant development, accompanied by poor metrics of major agronomic traits. Histochemical analysis showed that spontaneous cell death and H2O2 hyperaccumulation occurred in oshpl3. Defense responses were induced in the oshpl3 mutant, such as enhanced ROS signaling activated by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and also upregulated expression of genes involved in pathogenesis and JA metabolism. These defense responses enhanced resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The mutated gene was identified as OsHPL3 (LOC_Os02g02000) by map-based cloning. A G1006A mutation occurred in OsHPL3, causing a G-to-D mutation of the 295th amino acid in the transmembrane region of OsHPL3. OsHPL3 localized to the chloroplast, cytoplasm, and another unknown organelle, while the mutated protein OsHPL3G295D was not obviously observed in the chloroplast, suggesting that the G295D mutation affected its chloroplast localization. Based on our findings, the G295D mutation in OsHPL3 is most likely responsible for the phenotypes of the oshpl3 mutant. Our results provide new clues for studying the function of the OsHPL3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Tu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Qunen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Dongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Xingpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Yinxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
| | - Xihong Shen
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
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