1
|
Mohan N, Pal A, Saharan V, Kumar A, Vashishth R, Prince SE. Development, characterization, and evaluation of Zn-SA-chitosan bionanoconjugates on wheat seed, experiencing chilling stress during germination. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31708. [PMID: 38845942 PMCID: PMC11153175 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and characterize the chitosan bionanoconjugates (BNCs) loaded with zinc (Zn) and salicylic acid (SA) and test their efficacy on wheat seed exposed to chilling stress. BNCs developed were spherical (480 ± 6.0 nm), porous, and positively charged (+25.2 ± 2.4 mV) with regulated nutrient release properties. They possessed complexation efficiency of 78.4 and 58.9 % for Zn, and SA respectively. BET analysis further confirmed a surface area of 12.04 m2/g. Release kinetics substantiated the release rates of Zn and SA, as 0.579 and 0.559 % per hour, along with a half-life of 119.7 and 124.0 h, respectively. BNCs positively affected the germination potential of wheat seeds under chilling stress as observed by significantly (p < 0.05) reduced mean emergence time (18 %), and increased germination rate (22 %), compared to the control. Higher activities of reserve mobilizing enzymes (α-amylase- 6.5 folds, protease -10.2 folds) as well as faster reserve mobilization of starch (64.4 %) and protein (63.5 %) molecules were also observed. The application further led to increased levels of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and reduced oxidative damage (MDA and H2O2). Thus, it is inferred that the developed BNCs could help substantially improve the germination and reserve mobilization potential, thereby increasing the crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narender Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Rahul Vashishth
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mosallam FM, Helmy EA, Nasser HA, El-Batal AI. Novel griseofulvin zinc nanohybrid emulsion for intensifying the antimicrobial control of dermatophytes and some opportunistic pathogens. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101489. [PMID: 38925022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a critical sort of skin infection caused by dermatophytes. The long-term treatment of such skin infections may be improved through the application of nanotechnology. This study aimed to prepare griseofulvin zinc Nanohybrid emulsion (GF-Zn-NHE) to improve griseofulvin activity against dermatophytes and some opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and bacteria. The GF-Zn-NHE is prepared by ultra-homogenization ultra-sonication strategies and validated by UV-visible spectroscopy analysis that confirms presences of griseofulvin and Zn-NPs peaks at 265 and 360 nm, respectively. The GF-Zn-NHE has mean distribution size 50 nm and zeta potential in the range from -40 to -36 mV with no significant changes in size distribution and particle size within 120 day ageing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum confirmed the presence of griseofulvin and Zn-NPs stretching vibration peaks. Gamma ray has a negative influence on GF-Zn-NE production and stability. GF-Zn-NHE drug release 95% up to 24 h and 98% up to 72 h of GF was observed and Zinc 90% up to 24 h and 95% up to 72 h, respectively. High antimicrobial activity was observed with GF-Zn-NHE against dermatophytic pathogens in compare with GF, GF-NE, zinc nitrate and ketoconazole with inhibition zone ranged from 14 to 36 mm. The results have shown that the MIC value for Cryptococcus neoformans, Prophyromonas gingivalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 0.125 mg ml -1 and for Trichophyton rubrum, L. bulgaricus and Escherichia coli value is 0.25 mg ml -1 and for Candida albicans, Malassezia furfur and Enterococcus faecalis is 0.5 mg ml -1 and finally 1 mg ml -1 for Streptococcus mutans. TEM of treated Cryptococcus neoformans cells with GF-Zn-NHE displayed essentially modified morphology, degradation, damage of organelles, vacuoles and other structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farag M Mosallam
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Microbiology Lab., Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Helmy
- Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah A Nasser
- Microbilogy and Public health Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Microbiology Lab., Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choudhary P, Bhanjana G, Kumar S, Dilbaghi N. Antibacterial Activity of Sustainable Thymol Nanoemulsion Formulations Against the Bacterial Blight Disease on Cluster Bean Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:694-704. [PMID: 39011014 PMCID: PMC11246338 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was nanoencapsulation of thymol to improve its poor water solubility and preservation of encapsulated thymol against environmental conditions. Another goal of the current investigation was to assess the antibacterial activity of thymol nanoemulsion as a sustainable biopesticide to control the bacterial blight of cluster bean. An oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsion containing thymol was prepared by a high-energy emulsification method using gum acacia and soya lecithin as natural emulsifiers/surfactants. The characterization of thymol nanoemulsion was carried out using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A mean particle size of about 83.38 nm was recorded within 10 min of sonication. The stability analysis of optimized nanoemulsion showed kinetic stability up to two months of storage at room temperature. The thymol nanoemulsion was found to be spherical with a size ranging from 80-200 nm in diameter using transmission electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the molecular interaction between emulsifier/surfactant and thymol. The antibacterial studies of thymol nanoemulsion (0.01-0.06%, v/v) by growth inhibition analysis showed a potential antibacterial effect against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis (18-0.1 log CFU/ml). Further, in field experiments, foliar spray of the different concentration of thymol nanoemulsion (0.01-0.06%, v/v) significantly increased the percent efficiency of disease control (25.06-94.48%) and reduced the disease intensity (67.33-4.25%) of bacterial blight in cluster bean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Choudhary
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Gaurav Bhanjana
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
- Physics Department, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Behzadi Y, Salehi A, Dehnavi MM, Balouchi H. Improvement of biochemical and antioxidant responses of borage ( Borago officinalis L.) under drought stress conditions with the use of vermicompost and zinc sulfate. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1881-1896. [PMID: 38222282 PMCID: PMC10784244 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Drought poses a significant threat to crop production systems. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of vermicompost and foliar application of zinc sulfate under conditions of reduced irrigation on the physiological properties of Borage. A two-year experiment was conducted following a split factorial design within a randomized complete block design with three replications at Yasouj University Research Station in 2017 and 2018. The primary factor involved three levels of irrigation cut-off (I1: full irrigation, I2: irrigation cut-off at the flowering stage, and I3: irrigation cut-off during the seed-filling stage). The sub-factor included vermicompost fertilizer at three different levels (N0: control, N1: 5 ton ha-1, and N2: 10 ton ha-1), and foliar application of zinc sulfate at three levels (Z0: control, Z1: 2 and Z2: 4 mg l-1). During the flowering stage stress, foliar application of 4 mg l-1 of zinc sulfate resulted in an increased chlorophyll a + b content in plants (2.91 mg g-1 FW), while the control showed the lowest amount (2.56 mg g-1 FW). Vermicompost supplementation improved chlorophyll a + b content during the seed-filling stage under conditions of irrigation cut-off. The results indicated that an increase in vermicompost fertilizer application led to an elevation in relative water content (RWC), with the highest RWC (79.2%) achieved when 10 ton ha-1 of vermicompost was applied. Irrigation cut-off during the seed-filling stage resulted in increased electrolyte leakage and higher fertilizer usage, thus reducing cell damage. Furthermore, the findings revealed that applying 2 and 4 mg l-1 zinc sulfate reduced malondialdehyde content by 5% and 9%, respectively. The catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities demonstrated an increased response to stress mitigation treatments. However, their activities decreased as vermicompost and zinc sulfate levels increased. The study demonstrated that the highest biomass was obtained when 10 ton ha-1 of vermicompost and 2 mg l-1 of zinc sulfate were applied. The flowering stage of the plant exhibited the most significant negative impact under stress conditions. Nonetheless, using vermicompost and zinc sulfate, particularly during the seed-filling phase, alleviated the adverse effects of drought stress. In conclusion, our findings indicate that, although drought stress resulted in increased electrolyte leakage due to elevated free radical production, vermicompost, and zinc sulfate played a role in reducing stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub Behzadi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Balouchi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baldassarre F, Schiavi D, Ciarroni S, Tagliavento V, De Stradis A, Vergaro V, Suranna GP, Balestra GM, Ciccarella G. Thymol-Nanoparticles as Effective Biocides against the Quarantine Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1285. [PMID: 37049378 PMCID: PMC10096886 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Quarantine pathogens require the investigation of new tools for effective plant protection. In particular, research on sustainable agrochemicals is the actual challenge. Plant extracts, essential oils, and gels are natural sources of efficient biocides, such as aromatic secondary metabolites. Thymol is the major phenolic constituent of thyme and oregano essential oils, and it can inhibit many pathogenic microbes. Thymol nanoparticles were obtained through adsorption on CaCO3 nanocrystals, exploiting their carrier action. High loading efficiency and capability were reached as verified through UV and TGA measurements. We report the first study of thymol effect on Xylella fastidiosa, conducing both fluorometric assay and in vitro inhibition assay. The first test confirmed the great antibacterial effect of this compound. Finally, an in vitro test revealed an interesting synergistic action of thymol and nanocarriers, suggesting the potential application of thymol-nanoparticles as effective biocides to control Xylella fastidiosa infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baldassarre
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Schiavi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Serena Ciarroni
- Phytoparasites Diagnostics (PhyDia) s.r.l., Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tagliavento
- Phytoparasites Diagnostics (PhyDia) s.r.l., Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR—IPSP, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Vergaro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mariano Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Phytoparasites Diagnostics (PhyDia) s.r.l., Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schreiner T, Dias MM, Barreiro MF, Pinho SP. Saponins as Natural Emulsifiers for Nanoemulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6573-6590. [PMID: 35621387 PMCID: PMC9776534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The awareness of sustainability approaches has focused attention on replacing synthetic emulsifiers with natural alternatives when formulating nanoemulsions. In this context, a comprehensive review of the different types of saponins being successfully used to form and stabilize nanoemulsions is presented, highlighting the most common natural sources and biosynthetic routes. Processes for their extraction and purification are also reviewed altogether with the recent advances for their characterization. Concerning the preparation of the nanoemulsions containing saponins, the focus has been initially given to screening methods, lipid phase used, and production procedures, but their characterization and delivery systems explored are also discussed. Most experimental outcomes showed that the saponins present high performance, but the challenges associated with the saponins' broader application, mainly the standardization for industrial use, are identified. Future perspectives report, among others, the emerging biotechnological processes and the use of byproducts in a circular economy context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana
B. Schreiner
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa
Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- LSRE-LCM
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory
of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M. Dias
- LSRE-LCM
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory
of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Barreiro
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa
Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Simão P. Pinho
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa
Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhardwaj AK, Arya G, Kumar R, Hamed L, Pirasteh-Anosheh H, Jasrotia P, Kashyap PL, Singh GP. Switching to nanonutrients for sustaining agroecosystems and environment: the challenges and benefits in moving up from ionic to particle feeding. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:19. [PMID: 34983548 PMCID: PMC8728941 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide agricultural enterprise is facing immense pressure to intensify to feed the world's increasing population while the resources are dwindling. Fertilizers which are deemed as indispensable inputs for food, fodder, and fuel production now also represent the dark side of the intensive food production system. With most crop production systems focused on increasing the quantity of produce, indiscriminate use of fertilizers has created havoc for the environment and damaged the fiber of the biogeosphere. Deteriorated nutritional quality of food and contribution to impaired ecosystem services are the major limiting factors in the further growth of the fertilizer sector. Nanotechnology in agriculture has come up as a better and seemingly sustainable solution to meet production targets as well as maintaining the environmental quality by use of less quantity of raw materials and active ingredients, increased nutrient use-efficiency by plants, and decreased environmental losses of nutrients. However, the use of nanofertilizers has so far been limited largely to controlled environments of laboratories, greenhouses, and institutional research experiments; production and availability on large scale are still lagging yet catching up fast. Despite perceivable advantages, the use of nanofertilizers is many times debated for adoption at a large scale. The scenario is gradually changing, worldwide, towards the use of nanofertilizers, especially macronutrients like nitrogen (e.g. market release of nano-urea to replace conventional urea in South Asia), to arrest environmental degradation and uphold vital ecosystem services which are in critical condition. This review offers a discussion on the purpose with which the nanofertilizers took shape, the benefits which can be achieved, and the challenges which nanofertilizers face for further development and real-world use, substantiated with the significant pieces of scientific evidence available so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Geeta Arya
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Raj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Lamy Hamed
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh
- National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Yazd, 8917357676 Iran
| | - Poonam Jasrotia
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Prem Lal Kashyap
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Escobar A, Pérez M, Romanelli G, Blustein G. Thymol bioactivity: A review focusing on practical applications. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|