1
|
Schlag S, Schäfer S, Sommer K, Vetter W. A sterol database: GC/MS data and occurrence of 150 sterols in seventy-four oils. Food Chem 2024; 460:140778. [PMID: 39142207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive data on the occurrence of sterols in plant oils is currently hardly available since only a few sterols are obtainable as standard compounds. Accordingly, many peaks are rarely labeled in gas chromatograms due to missing or outdated information. This lack of information hampers the progress in sterol research. For this reason, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode (GC/MS-SIM) was used to create a database that summarizes the occurrence and semi-quantitative levels of 150 sterols with 27-32 carbon atoms and 0-4 double bonds in 66 different vegetable oils and eight other matrices. The highest number of sterols was detected in rice bran and tamanu oil (40 sterols), eggplant (39 sterols), moringa, chili seed, and amaranth oil (37 sterols). Several sterols were detected in >60 of the 74 matrices. This detailed information in the database will serve users working in food authentication and the biosynthesis of sterols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schlag
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schäfer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katrin Sommer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Z, Ding H, Zhu H, Huang S, Yan C, Chen ZY. Additional mechanism for selective absorption of cholesterol and phytosterols. Food Chem 2024; 458:140300. [PMID: 38964108 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterols are structurally similar to cholesterol but they are much less absorbed (<2%) than cholesterol (>50%) in the intestine. We hypothesize that phytosterols are poor substrates of intestinal acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), and thus minimal phytosterol esters are formed and packed into chylomicrons, leading to their low absorption. Two isotope tracing models, including a radioactive hamster microsomal ACAT2 reaction model and a differentiated Caco-2 cell model, were established to examine the specificity of ACAT2 to various sterols, including cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol. Both models consistently demonstrated that only cholesterol but not phytosterols could be efficiently esterified by ACAT2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking further suggested that unfavorable interactions existed between ACAT2 and phytosterols. In conclusion, phytosterols are poor substrates of ACAT2 and thus minimally absorbed. This work provides a theoretical basis for the use of phytosterol-based supplements in treating dyslipidemia and preventing heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China..
| | - Huafang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China..
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouhe Huang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China..
| | - Chi Yan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China..
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China..
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo X, Luo W, Wu L, Zhang L, Chen Y, Li T, Li H, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zheng J, Wang Y. Natural Products from Herbal Medicine Self-Assemble into Advanced Bioactive Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403388. [PMID: 39033533 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel biomaterials are becoming more crucial in treating human diseases. However, many materials require complex artificial modifications and synthesis, leading to potential difficulties in preparation, side effects, and clinical translation. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in terms of direct self-assembly of natural products from herbal medicine (NPHM), an important source for novel medications, resulting in a wide range of bioactive supramolecular materials including gels, and nanoparticles. The NPHM-based supramolecular bioactive materials are produced from renewable resources, are simple to prepare, and have demonstrated multi-functionality including slow-release, smart-responsive release, and especially possess powerful biological effects to treat various diseases. In this review, NPHM-based supramolecular bioactive materials have been revealed as an emerging, revolutionary, and promising strategy. The development, advantages, and limitations of NPHM, as well as the advantageous position of NPHM-based materials, are first reviewed. Subsequently, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the self-assembly strategies specific to seven major classes of NPHM is highlighted. Insights into the influence of NPHM structural features on the formation of supramolecular materials are also provided. Finally, the drivers and preparations are summarized, emphasizing the biomedical applications, future scientific challenges, and opportunities, with the hope of igniting inspiration for future research and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Guo
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Weikang Luo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lingyu Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Lianglin Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Haigang Li
- Hunan key laboratory of the research and development of novel pharmaceutical preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo Z, Zhou W, Xie T, Xu W, Shi C, Xiao Z, Si Y, Ma Y, Ren Q, Di L, Shan J. The role of botanical triterpenoids and steroids in bile acid metabolism, transport, and signaling: Pharmacological and toxicological implications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3385-3415. [PMID: 39220868 PMCID: PMC11365449 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized by the host liver from cholesterol and are delivered to the intestine, where they undergo further metabolism by gut microbes and circulate between the liver and intestines through various transporters. They serve to emulsify dietary lipids and act as signaling molecules, regulating the host's metabolism and immune homeostasis through specific receptors. Therefore, disruptions in BA metabolism, transport, and signaling are closely associated with cholestasis, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and others. Botanical triterpenoids and steroids share structural similarities with BAs, and they have been found to modulate BA metabolism, transport, and signaling, potentially exerting pharmacological or toxicological effects. Here, we have updated the research progress on BA, with a particular emphasis on new-found microbial BAs. Additionally, the latest advancements in targeting BA metabolism and signaling for disease treatment are highlighted. Subsequently, the roles of botanical triterpenoids in BA metabolism, transport, and signaling are examined, analyzing their potential pharmacological, toxicological, or drug interaction effects through these mechanisms. Finally, a research paradigm is proposed that utilizes the gut microbiota as a link to interpret the role of these important natural products in BA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Luo
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children’s Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children’s Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weichen Xu
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children’s Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children’s Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihan Xiao
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children’s Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Si
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Medicine Innovation Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Yan Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qingling Ren
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Medicine Innovation Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Liuqing Di
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children’s Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Omachi DO, Aryee ANA, Onuh JO. Functional Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Reduction: A Concise Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2453. [PMID: 39125334 PMCID: PMC11314407 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional lipids are dietary substances that may have an impact on human health by lowering the risk of chronic illnesses and enhancing the quality of life. Numerous functional lipids have been reported to have potential health benefits in the prevention, management, and treatment of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. However, there is still insufficient and contradictory information in the literature about their effectiveness and associated mechanisms of action. The objective of this review, therefore, is to evaluate available literature regarding these functional lipids and their health benefits. Various studies have been conducted to understand the links between functional lipids and the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Recent studies on phytosterols have reported that CLA, medium-chain triglycerides, and omega-3 and 6 fatty acids have positive effects on human health. Also, eicosanoids, which are the metabolites of these fatty acids, are produced in relation to the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may modulate disease conditions. These functional lipids are available either in dietary or supplement forms and have been proven to be efficient, accessible, and inexpensive to be included in the diet. However, further research is required to properly elucidate the dosages, dietary intake, effectiveness, and their mechanisms of action in addition to the development of valid disease biomarkers and long-term effects in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah O. Omachi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Rd, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| | - Alberta N. A. Aryee
- Food Science and Biotechnology Program, Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, 1200 Dupont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA;
| | - John O. Onuh
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Rd, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ćurko N, Perić K, Vukušić Pavičić T, Balbino S, Tomašević M, Iveković D, Radojčić Redovniković I, Kovačević Ganić K. Effect of Pulsed Electric Field Pretreatment on the Concentration of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Cold-Pressed Grape Seed Oil Produced from Wine Waste. Foods 2024; 13:2299. [PMID: 39063383 PMCID: PMC11276571 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment of grape pomace seeds with a pulsed electric field (PEF) was applied to improve the extraction yield of cold-pressed grape seed oil. The effects of different PEF conditions, electric field intensities (12.5, 14.0 and 15.6 kV/cm), and durations (15 and 30 min) on the oil chemical composition were also studied. All PEF pretreatments significantly increased the oil yield, flow rate and concentration of total sterols (p < 0.05). In addition, similar trends were observed for total tocochromanols and phenolic compounds, except for PEF pretreatment under the mildest conditions (12.5 kV/cm, 15 min) (p < 0.05). Notably, the application of 15.6 kV/cm for 30 min resulted in the highest relative increase in oil yield and flow rate (29.6% and 56.5%, respectively) and in the concentrations of total tocochromanols, nonflavonoids, and flavonoids (22.1%, 60.2% and 81.5%, respectively). In addition, the highest relative increase in the concentration of total sterols (25.4%) was achieved by applying 12.5 kV/cm for 30 min. The fatty acid composition of the grape seed oil remained largely unaffected by the PEF pretreatments. These results show that PEF pretreatment effectively improves both the yield and the bioactive properties of cold-pressed grape seed oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandra Balbino
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.Ć.); (K.P.); (T.V.P.); (M.T.); (D.I.); (I.R.R.); (K.K.G.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ohta D, Fuwa A, Yamaroku Y, Isobe K, Nakamoto M, Okazawa A, Ogawa T, Ebine K, Ueda T, Mercier P, Schaller H. Characterization of Subcellular Dynamics of Sterol Methyltransferases Clarifies Defective Cell Division in smt2 smt3, a C-24 Ethyl Sterol-Deficient Mutant of Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:868. [PMID: 39062582 PMCID: PMC11275053 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An Arabidopsis sterol mutant, smt2 smt3, defective in sterolmethyltransferase2 (SMT2), exhibits severe growth abnormalities. The loss of C-24 ethyl sterols, maintaining the biosynthesis of C-24 methyl sterols and brassinosteroids, suggests specific roles of C-24 ethyl sterols. We characterized the subcellular localizations of fluorescent protein-fused sterol biosynthetic enzymes, such as SMT2-GFP, and found these enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum during interphase and identified their movement to the division plane during cytokinesis. The mobilization of endoplasmic reticulum-localized SMT2-GFP was independent of the polarized transport of cytokinetic vesicles to the division plane. In smt2 smt3, SMT2-GFP moved to the abnormal division plane, and unclear cell plate ends were surrounded by hazy structures from SMT2-GFP fluorescent signals and unincorporated cellulose debris. Unusual cortical microtubule organization and impaired cytoskeletal function accompanied the failure to determine the cortical division site and division plane formation. These results indicated that both endoplasmic reticulum membrane remodeling and cytokinetic vesicle transport during cytokinesis were impaired, resulting in the defects of cell wall generation. The cell wall integrity was compromised in the daughter cells, preventing the correct determination of the subsequent cell division site. We discuss the possible roles of C-24 ethyl sterols in the interaction between the cytoskeletal network and the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fuwa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamaroku
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuki Isobe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ebine
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; (K.E.); (T.U.)
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; (K.E.); (T.U.)
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Pierre Mercier
- Institute de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 12, Rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (P.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institute de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 12, Rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (P.M.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Renna L, Stefano G, Puggioni MP, Kim SJ, Lavell A, Froehlich JE, Burkart G, Mancuso S, Benning C, Brandizzi F. ER-associated VAP27-1 and VAP27-3 proteins functionally link the lipid-binding ORP2A at the ER-chloroplast contact sites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6008. [PMID: 39019917 PMCID: PMC11255254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts heterotypic membranes at membrane contact sites (MCSs) through largely undefined mechanisms. For instance, despite the well-established and essential role of the plant ER-chloroplast interactions for lipid biosynthesis, and the reported existence of physical contacts between these organelles, almost nothing is known about the ER-chloroplast MCS identity. Here we show that the Arabidopsis ER membrane-associated VAP27 proteins and the lipid-binding protein ORP2A define a functional complex at the ER-chloroplast MCSs. Specifically, through in vivo and in vitro association assays, we found that VAP27 proteins interact with the outer envelope membrane (OEM) of chloroplasts, where they bind to ORP2A. Through lipidomic analyses, we established that VAP27 proteins and ORP2A directly interact with the chloroplast OEM monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and we demonstrated that the loss of the VAP27-ORP2A complex is accompanied by subtle changes in the acyl composition of MGDG and PG. We also found that ORP2A interacts with phytosterols and established that the loss of the VAP27-ORP2A complex alters sterol levels in chloroplasts. We propose that, by interacting directly with OEM lipids, the VAP27-ORP2A complex defines plant-unique MCSs that bridge ER and chloroplasts and are involved in chloroplast lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Renna
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stefano
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Puggioni
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sang-Jin Kim
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anastasiya Lavell
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John E Froehlich
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Graham Burkart
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Horticulture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Fondazione per il Futuro delle Città, Florence, Italy
| | - Christoph Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Teng YC, Gielen MC, de Gruijter NM, Ciurtin C, Rosser EC, Karu K. Phytosterols in human serum as measured using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 241:106519. [PMID: 38614432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterols are lipophilic compounds found in plants with structural similarity to mammalian cholesterol. They cannot be endogenously produced by mammals and therefore always originate from diet. There has been increased interest in dietary phytosterols over the last few decades due to their association with a variety of beneficial health effects including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous effects. They are proposed as potential moderators for diseases associated with the central nervous system where cholesterol homeostasis is found to be imperative (multiple sclerosis, dementia, etc.) due to their ability to reach the brain. Here we utilised an enzyme-assisted derivatisation for sterol analysis (EADSA) in combination with a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) to characterise phytosterol content in human serum. As little as 100 fg of plant sterol was injected on a reversed phase LC column. The method allows semi-quantitative measurements of phytosterols and their derivatives simultaneously with measurement of cholesterol metabolites. The identification of phytosterols in human serum was based on comparison of their LC retention times and MS2, MS3 spectra with a library of authentic standards. Free campesterol serum concentration was in the range from 0.30-4.10 µg/mL, β-sitosterol 0.16-3.37 µg/mL and fucosterol was at lowest concentration range from 0.05-0.38 µg/mL in ten individuals. This analytical methodology could be applied to the analysis of other biological fluids and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chun Teng
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Claire Gielen
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina M de Gruijter
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kersti Karu
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao T, Sun H, Ji S, Yang B, Wang Z, Liu Y, Chen C, Lu B. The Effect of Whey Protein Isolate Hydrolysate on Digestive Properties of Phytosterol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12738-12751. [PMID: 38788151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterol (PS) is a steroid, and its bioavailability can be enhanced by interacting with protein in the C-24 hydroxyl group. The interaction between sterols and amino acid residues in proteins can be enhanced by enzymatic hydrolysis. Phytosterol and whey insulation hydrolysates (WPH1-4) fabricated by the Alcalase enzyme at different enzymatic hydrolysis times were selected as delivery systems to simulate sterol C-24 hydroxyl group interaction with protein. Increasing hydrolysis time can promote the production of β-Lg, which raises the ratio of β-turn in the secondary structure and promotes the formation of interaction between WPH and PS. The correlation coefficient between hydrogen bonds and encapsulation efficiency (EE) and bioaccessibility is 0.91 and 0.88 (P < 0.05), respectively, indicating that hydrogen bonds of two components significantly influenced the combination by concealing the hydrophobic amino acids and some residues, which improved PS EE and bioavailability by 3.03 and 2.84 times after PS was combined with the WPI hydrolysate. These findings are expected to enhance the absorption of PS and other macromolecules by protein enzymatic hydrolysis to broaden their applications for food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Haihui Sun
- Yichun Dahaigui Life Science Co., Ltd., Yichun 336000, China
| | - Shengyang Ji
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zhangtie Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen M, Yuan L, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang M, Li H, Jing Y, Zeng F, Xie J. Phytosterols: Physiological Functions and Potential Application. Foods 2024; 13:1754. [PMID: 38890982 PMCID: PMC11171835 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of natural substances to regulate physiological functions is currently regarded as a potential way of promoting health. As one of the recommended dietary ingredients, phytosterols that are natural bioactive compounds distributed in plants have received increasing attention for their health effects. Phytosterols have attracted great attention from scientists because of many physiological functions, for example, cholesterol-lowering, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, the physiological functions of phytosterols, the purification, structure analysis, synthesis, and food application of phytosterols have been widely studied. Nowadays, many bioactivities of phytosterols have been assessed in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms of their pharmacological activities are not yet fully understood, and in-depth investigation of the relationship between structure and function is crucial. Therefore, a contemporaneous overview of the extraction, beneficial properties, and the mechanisms, as well as the current states of phytosterol application, in the food field of phytosterols is provided in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.S.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (F.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramkumar D, Marty A, Ramkumar J, Rosencranz H, Vedantham R, Goldman M, Meyer E, Steinmetz J, Weckle A, Bloedorn K, Rosier C. Food for thought: Making the case for food produced via regenerative agriculture in the battle against non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). One Health 2024; 18:100734. [PMID: 38711478 PMCID: PMC11070632 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a global health challenge, leading to substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic strain. Our review underscores the escalating incidence of NCDs worldwide and highlights the potential of regenerative agriculture (RA) products in mitigating these diseases. We also explore the efficacy of dietary interventions in NCD management and prevention, emphasizing the superiority of plant-based diets over those high in processed foods and red meat. Examining the role of the gut microbiome in various diseases, including liver disorders, allergies, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer, we find compelling evidence implicating its influence on disease development. Notably, dietary modifications can positively affect the gut microbiome, fostering a symbiotic relationship with the host and making this a critical strategy in disease prevention and treatment. Investigating agricultural practices, we identify parallels between soil/plant and human microbiome studies, suggesting a crucial link between soil health, plant- and animal-derived food quality, and human well-being. Conventional/Industrial agriculture (IA) practices, characterized in part by use of chemical inputs, have adverse effects on soil microbiome diversity, food quality, and ecosystems. In contrast, RA prioritizes soil health through natural processes, and includes avoiding synthetic inputs, crop rotation, and integrating livestock. Emerging evidence suggests that food from RA systems surpasses IA-produced food in quality and nutritional value. Recognizing the interconnection between human, plant, and soil microbiomes, promoting RA-produced foods emerges as a strategy to improve human health and environmental sustainability. By mitigating climate change impacts through carbon sequestration and water cycling, RA offers dual benefits for human and planetary health and well-being. Emphasizing the pivotal role of diet and agricultural practices in combating NCDs and addressing environmental concerns, the adoption of regional RA systems becomes imperative. Increasing RA integration into local food systems can enhance food quality, availability, and affordability while safeguarding human health and the planet's future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davendra Ramkumar
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 506 South Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Illinois Water Resources Center, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Natural Resources Building 615 E. Peabody Dr Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Aileen Marty
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Japhia Ramkumar
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 506 South Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Illinois Water Resources Center, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Natural Resources Building 615 E. Peabody Dr Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Holly Rosencranz
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 506 South Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Illinois Water Resources Center, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Natural Resources Building 615 E. Peabody Dr Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Radhika Vedantham
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 506 South Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Illinois Water Resources Center, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Natural Resources Building 615 E. Peabody Dr Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Modan Goldman
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 506 South Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Illinois Water Resources Center, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Natural Resources Building 615 E. Peabody Dr Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Erin Meyer
- Basil's Harvest, 227 W Monroe St, Suite 2100, Chicago, IL 60606, USA
| | - Jasia Steinmetz
- University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point 202 College of Professional Studies, Stevens Point, WI 54481-3897, USA
| | - Amy Weckle
- Illinois Water Resources Center, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Natural Resources Building 615 E. Peabody Dr Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Kelly Bloedorn
- Basil's Harvest, 227 W Monroe St, Suite 2100, Chicago, IL 60606, USA
| | - Carl Rosier
- Basil's Harvest, 227 W Monroe St, Suite 2100, Chicago, IL 60606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hachem M, Ahmmed MK, Nacir-Delord H. Phospholipidomics in Clinical Trials for Brain Disorders: Advancing our Understanding and Therapeutic Potentials. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3272-3295. [PMID: 37981628 PMCID: PMC11087356 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipidomics is a specialized branch of lipidomics that focuses on the characterization and quantification of phospholipids. By using sensitive analytical techniques, phospholipidomics enables researchers to better understand the metabolism and activities of phospholipids in brain disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In the brain, identifying specific phospholipid biomarkers can offer valuable insights into the underlying molecular features and biochemistry of these diseases through a variety of sensitive analytical techniques. Phospholipidomics has emerged as a promising tool in clinical studies, with immense potential to advance our knowledge of neurological diseases and enhance diagnosis and treatment options for patients. In the present review paper, we discussed numerous applications of phospholipidomics tools in clinical studies, with a particular focus on the neurological field. By exploring phospholipids' functions in neurological diseases and the potential of phospholipidomics in clinical research, we provided valuable insights that could aid researchers and clinicians in harnessing the full prospective of this innovative practice and improve patient outcomes by providing more potent treatments for neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Hachem
- Department of Chemistry and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Fishing and Post-Harvest Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Houda Nacir-Delord
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi L, Li Y, Lin M, Liang Y, Zhang Z. Profiling the Bioactive Compounds in Broccoli Heads with Varying Organ Sizes and Growing Seasons. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1329. [PMID: 38794399 PMCID: PMC11125000 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Broccoli is a rich source of diverse bioactive compounds, but how their contents are influenced by different growing seasons and variations in broccoli head sizes remains elusive. To address this question, we quantified sixteen known bioactive compounds and seven minerals in broccoli with varying head sizes obtained in two different growing seasons. Our results suggest that the contents of vitamin C, total phenols, carotenoids, and glucoraphanin were significantly higher in samples from the summer-autumn season, showing increases of 157.46%, 34.74%, 51.80%, and 17.78%, respectively, compared with those from the winter-spring season. Moreover, chlorogenic acid is a phenolic compound with relatively high contents among the six detected, while beta-sitosterol is the sterol with relatively high contents. Further, principal component analysis was conducted to rank the comprehensive scores of the profiles of phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and minerals, demonstrating that the broccoli samples grown during the summer-autumn season achieved the highest composite scores. Our results indicate that broccoli heads from the summer-autumn season are richer in a combination of bioactive compounds and minerals than those from the winter-spring season based on the composite score. This study extends our understanding of the nutrition profiles in broccoli and also lays the foundation for breeding broccoli varieties with improved nutrition quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yahui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Menghua Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Der C, Courty PE, Recorbet G, Wipf D, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P. Sterols, pleiotropic players in plant-microbe interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:524-534. [PMID: 38565452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions (PMIs) are regulated through a wide range of mechanisms in which sterols from plants and microbes are involved in numerous ways, including recognition, transduction, communication, and/or exchanges between partners. Phytosterol equilibrium is regulated by PMIs through expression of genes involved in phytosterol biosynthesis, together with their accumulation. As such, PMI outcomes also include plasma membrane (PM) functionalization events, in which phytosterols have a central role, and activation of sterol-interacting proteins involved in cell signaling. In spite (or perhaps because) of such multifaceted abilities, an overall mechanism of sterol contribution is difficult to determine. However, promising approaches exploring sterol diversity, their contribution to PMI outcomes, and their localization would help us to decipher their crucial role in PMIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Batteau M, Bouju E, Ramirez-Romero A, Nuccio S, De Vaumas R, Delrue F, Faure K. Resolving phytosterols in microalgae using offline two-dimensional reversed phase liquid chromatography-supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2278-2285. [PMID: 38525815 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02261g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Sterols are unsaponifiable lipids resulting from plant metabolism that exhibit interesting bioactive properties. Microalgae are a major source of specific phytosterols, most of which are still not fully characterized. The similarity in sterol structures and the existence of positional isomers make the separation of phytosterols challenging. A method was developed based on an offline two-dimensional (2D) system, reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)/quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometry, for the identification of sterols in microalgae. Subsequent positive-mode MS/MS was used to confirm the identified phytosterols. The 2D chromatogram exhibited a pattern related to the positions of the double bonds, which were confirmed by standard injection, enabling structural elucidation. The analysis of the unsaponifiable fraction of two algae, namely Scenedesmus obliquus, a freshwater microalgae, and Padina pavonica, a marine macroalgae, highlighted the ability of the method to distinguish a large number of sterol isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magali Batteau
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Elodie Bouju
- Extrasynthese, Impasse Jacquard, F-69730 Genay, France
| | - Adriana Ramirez-Romero
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform, CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud - Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur, F-13108, Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Sylvie Nuccio
- Extrasynthese, Impasse Jacquard, F-69730 Genay, France
| | | | - Florian Delrue
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform, CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud - Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur, F-13108, Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Karine Faure
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mostashari P, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Sesame Seeds: A Nutrient-Rich Superfood. Foods 2024; 13:1153. [PMID: 38672826 PMCID: PMC11049391 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) have been cultivated for thousands of years and have long been celebrated for their culinary versatility. Beyond their delightful nutty flavor and crunchy texture, sesame seeds have also gained recognition for their remarkable health benefits. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the numerous ways in which sesame seeds contribute to overall well-being. Sesame seeds are a powerhouse of phytochemicals, including lignans derivatives, tocopherol isomers, phytosterols, and phytates, which have been associated with various health benefits, including the preservation of cardiovascular health and the prevention of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and brain dysfunction. These compounds have also been substantiated for their efficacy in cholesterol management. Their potential as a natural source of beneficial plant compounds is presented in detail. The article further explores the positive impact of sesame seeds on reducing the risk of chronic diseases thanks to their rich polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Nevertheless, it is crucial to remember the significance of maintaining a well-rounded diet to achieve the proper balance of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a balance lacking in sesame seed oil. The significance of bioactive polypeptides derived from sesame seeds is also discussed, shedding light on their applications as nutritional supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional ingredients. Recognizing the pivotal role of processing methods on sesame seeds, this review discusses how these methods can influence bioactive compounds. While roasting the seeds enhances the antioxidant properties of the oil extract, certain processing techniques may reduce phenolic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mostashari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gao W, Li Y, Zhang X, Qiao M, Ji Y, Zheng J, Gao L, Yuan S, Huang H. DNA-Directed Assembly of Hierarchical MOF-Cellulose Nanofiber Microbioreactors with "Branch-Fruit" Structures. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3404-3412. [PMID: 38451852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Assembling metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into ordered multidimensional porous superstructures promises the encapsulation of enzymes for heterogeneous biocatalysts. However, the full potential of this approach has been limited by the poor stability of enzymes and the uncontrolled assembly of MOF nanoparticles onto suitable supports. In this study, a novel and exceptionally robust Ni-imidazole-based MOF was synthesized in water at room temperature, enabling in situ enzyme encapsulation. Based on this MOF platform, we developed a DNA-directed assembly strategy to achieve the uniform placement of MOF nanoparticles onto bacterial cellulose nanofibers, resulting in a distinctive "branch-fruit" structure. The resulting hybrid materials demonstrated remarkable versatility across various catalytic systems, accommodating natural enzymes, nanoenzymes, and multienzyme cascades, thus showcasing enormous potential as universal microbioreactors. Furthermore, the hierarchical composites facilitated rapid diffusion of the bulky substrate while maintaining the enzyme stability, with ∼3.5-fold higher relative activity compared to the traditional enzyme@MOF immobilized in bacterial cellulose nanofibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanning Gao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Youcong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ye Z, Wang J, Gan S, Dong G, Yang F. Combination of fingerprint and chemometric analytical approaches to identify the geographical origin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau rapeseed oil. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27167. [PMID: 38444496 PMCID: PMC10912685 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Verification of the geographical origin of rapeseed oil is essential to protect consumers from fraudulent products. A prospective study was conducted on 45 samples from three rapeseed oil-producing areas in Qinghai Province, which were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. To assess the accuracy of the prediction of origin, classification models were developed using PCA, OPLS-DA, and LDA. It was found that multivariate analysis combined with PCA separate 96% of the samples, and the correct sample discrimination rate based on the OPLS-DA model was over 98%. The predictive index of the model was Q2 = 0.841, indicating that the model had good predictive ability. The LDA results showed highly accurate classification (100%) and cross-validation (100%) rates for the rapeseed oil samples, demonstrating that the model had strong predictive capacity. These findings will serve as a foundation for the implementation and advancement of origin traceability using the combination of fatty acid, phytosterol and tocopherol fingerprints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Ye
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Jinying Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Shengrui Gan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Guoxin Dong
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Furong Yang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guo X, Yu J, Wang R, Peng N, Li R. Deciphering the effect of phytosterols on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: the mediating role of lipid profiles. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:53. [PMID: 38461353 PMCID: PMC10924343 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that blood circulating phytosterols, plant-derived sterols analogous to cholesterol, were associated with blood lipid levels and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This Mendelian randomization (MR) study is performed to determine the causal effect of circulating phytosterols on AD and PD and evaluate the mediation effect of blood lipids. METHODS Leveraging genome-wide association studies summary-level data for phytosterols, blood lipids, AD, and PD, univariable and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were conducted. Four types of phytosterols (brassicasterol, campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol), three blood lipids parameters (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non-HDL-C, and triglyceride), two datasets for AD and PD were used. Inverse-variance weighted method was applied as the primary analysis, and false discovery rate method was used for adjustment of multiple comparisons. RESULTS Using the largest AD dataset, genetically proxied higher levels of stigmasterol (OR = 0.593, 95%CI = 0.431-0.817, P = 0.004) and sitosterol (OR = 0.864, 95%CI = 0.791-0.943, P = 0.004) significantly correlated with a lower risk of AD. No significant associations were observed between all four types of phytosterols levels and PD. MVMR estimates showed that the above causal associations were missing after integrating the blood lipids as exposures. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations, with no evidence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The study supports a potential beneficial role of blood stigmasterol and sitosterol in reducing the risk of AD, but not PD, which is dependent on modulating blood lipids. These insights highlight circulating stigmasterol and sitosterol as possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Guo
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ning Peng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Toutirais L, Walrand S, Vaysse C. Are oilseeds a new alternative protein source for human nutrition? Food Funct 2024; 15:2366-2380. [PMID: 38372388 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05370a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the potential use, nutritional value and beneficial health effects of oilseeds as a source of food protein. The process of extracting oil from oilseeds produces a by-product that is rich in proteins and other valuable nutritional and bioactive components. This product is primarily used for animal feed. However, as the demand for proteins continues to rise, plant-based proteins have a real success in food applications. Among the different plant protein sources, oilseeds could be used as an alternative protein source for human diet. The data we have so far show that oilseeds present a protein content of up to 40% and a relatively well-balanced profile of amino acids with sulphur-containing amino acids. Nevertheless, they tend to be deficient in lysine and rich in anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), which therefore means they have lower anabolic potential than animal proteins. To enhance their nutritional value, oilseed proteins can be combined with other protein sources and subjected to processes such as dehulling, heating, soaking, germination or fermentation to reduce their ANFs and improve protein digestibility. Furthermore, due to their bioactive peptides, oilseeds can also bring health benefits, particularly in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. However, additional nutritional data are needed before oilseeds can be endorsed as a protein source for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Toutirais
- ITERG, Department of Nutritional Health and Lipid Biochemistry, Bordeaux, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Stephane Walrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Clinical Nutrition Department, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- Clinical Nutrition Department, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yalcinkaya A, Öztaş YE, Sabuncuoğlu S. Sterols in Inflammatory Diseases: Implications and Clinical Utility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:261-275. [PMID: 38036884 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic steroid skeleton, with its 4-ringed 17-carbon structure, is one of the most recognizable organic compounds in biochemistry. In the presence of a hydroxyl ion bound to the third carbon, this structure is defined as a "sterol" (chemical formula: C17H28O). The hydroxyl group provides a hydrophilic site for the otherwise hydrophobic molecule, yielding an amphipathic lipid, which is a vital property for cellular function. It is crucial to remark that the term "steroid" describes a larger group of compounds that often retain the hydroxyl group but are primarily characterized by methyl groups, double bonds in the rings, and an aliphatic side-chain extending from the 17th carbon. In addition to serving various structural roles in the cellular membrane, sterols and steroids contribute to cellular and systemic functions as messengers, hormones, and regulators of several critical metabolic pathways.Sterol nomenclature is often confusing, partly due to structural complexity and partly due to the sheer number of different compounds that fall under the definition. Fortunately, the foremost sterols of interest in biochemistry are much fewer, and therefore, these lipids have been defined and studied vigorously. With the renaissance of lipid research during the 1990s and 2000s, many different metabolites of sterols, and more specifically phytosterols, were found to be associated with various diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and inborn errors of metabolism; thus, it is evident that the ever-evolving research in this field has been, and will continue to be, exceedingly productive.With respect to inflammation and inflammatory diseases, plant-based sterols (i.e., phytosterols) have gained considerable fame due to their anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects demonstrated by experimental and clinical research. Besides, the exceptional pharmacological benefits of these sterols, which operate as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-atherosclerotic agents, have been the subject of various investigations. While the underlying mechanisms necessitate further research, the possible function of phytosterols in improving health outcomes is an important topic to explore.In this regard, the current review aims to offer comprehensive information on the therapeutic potential of plant-based sterols in the context of human health, with a focus on preclinical effects, bioavailability, and clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yalcinkaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yeşim Er Öztaş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu B, Chen K, Chen X, Wang J, Shu G, Ping Z, Zhang S. Health outcomes associated with phytosterols: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155151. [PMID: 37866333 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytosterols (PS), as a kind of plant active ingredients, have many benefits to human health. However, there is currently no comprehensive overview of the clinical evidence and an assessment of the evidence quality. PURPOSE We conducted an umbrella review, which incorporated verification spanning a number of meta-analyses and systematic reviews to clarify the link that existed between PS consuming and health outcomes. METHODS The databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library were searched for appropriate research and ultimately included 23 articles involving 79 results. Methodological quality and the validity of evidence received designation in the included meta-analyses leveraging the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS The consumption of PS makes a contribution to the alleviation of metabolic conditions such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Its most essential function is to decrease cholesterol absorption, leading to dramatically reductions in total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, utilizing PS products can have a favorable impact on managing apolipoprotein levels along with decreasing the probability of obtaining atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION This umbrella review summarized a range of beneficial functions of PS to humans, highlighting the promising potential for the development of PS into functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangjie Shu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Ping
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenshen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Khallouki F, Ksila M, Ghzaiel I, Essadek S, Joutey MT, Maaloul S, Zennouhi W, Benbacer L, Bourhia M, Hajji L, Zarrouk A, Rezig L, Rup-Jacques S, Abdellaoui R, Ghrairi T, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Nasser B, Andreoletti P, Mustapha-Cherkaoui-Malki, Samadi M, Vejux A, Lizard G. Chemical and Biochemical Features of Spinasterol and Schottenol. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:45-55. [PMID: 38036874 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols, which are produced in plants, are structurally similar to cholesterol. Their basic structures consist of a cyclo pentano-perhydrophenanthrene nucleus composed of 3 hexane rings and of a pentane ring with an alkyl side chain. There are around more than 250 phytosterols and related compounds that have been identified in natural resources. Among them, spinasterol and schottenol, its dihydro analog, are often found in seeds, and consequently in seed oils, and in other botanical parts of some plant families such as Sapotaceae, Cactaceae, and Cucurbitaceae. Spinasterol and/or schottenol has been identified in dietary and cosmetic argan oil, milk thistle seed oil, nigella seed oil, and pumkin seed oil. These phytosterols that have several bioactive properties make them potentially attractive molecules in pharmacology. Their chemical and biochemical features are summarized and the analytical methods used to characterize and analyze these compounds are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Khallouki
- Biology Department, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia, Morocco
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Food and Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Soukaina Essadek
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Biochimistry, Neuroscience, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco
| | - Mounia Tahri Joutey
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Biochimistry, Neuroscience, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco
| | - Samah Maaloul
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Zennouhi
- Biology Department, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Laila Benbacer
- Unité de Biologie et Recherches Moléculaires, Département Sciences du Vivant, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bourhia
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Lhoussain Hajji
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Food and Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Leila Rezig
- LIP-MB 'Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules', National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, LR11ES26, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Food Industries, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sandrine Rup-Jacques
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Raoudha Abdellaoui
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochimistry, Neuroscience, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | | | - Mohammad Samadi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
de Sousa NF, de Sousa GR, de Lima NTR, de Assis EB, Aragão MC, de Moura ÉP, Gopalsamy RG, Scotti MT, Scotti L. Multitarget Compounds for Neglected Diseases: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:577-601. [PMID: 38967077 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501298864240627060247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Neglected diseases are a group of infectious diseases, many of them parasitic, that mainly affect the poorest populations with limited access to health services, especially those living in remote rural areas and slums. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), neglected diseases put the lives of more than 200 million people at risk, and treatment is made difficult by the occurrence of resistance to existing medications, as well as the high level of toxicity. In this way, the potential of multitarget compounds is highlighted, defined as compounds designed to modulate multiple targets of relevance to disease, with the overall goal of enhancing efficacy and/or improving safety. Thus, the objective of our study is to evaluate existing multitarget compound approaches for neglected diseases, with an emphasis on Leishmaniasis, Chagas Disease, and Arboviruses. A literature review was performed by searching the database "Web of Sciences". In relation to the diseases covered in this work, Leishmaniasis, individually, was the one that presented the largest number of articles (11) that dealt with the topic, which can be justified by the high prevalence of this disease in the world, the second most common disease was Dengue, followed by Chagas disease, Chikungunya virus, and Zika virus. Furthermore, the multitarget potential of phenolic compounds was observed in all diseases under study, with the mechanisms related to the nucleus and transcription being the most reported mechanisms. From this perspective, it is worth highlighting the effectiveness of approaches related to multitarget drugs in discovering new therapeutic agents for neglected diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ribeiro de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Natanael Teles Ramos de Lima
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Edileuza Bezerra de Assis
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Mariana Costa Aragão
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Érika Paiva de Moura
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Bioactive Synthetic Products, Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Rajiv Gandhi Gopalsamy
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Kochi, India
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Singh S, Sharma H, Ramankutty R, Ramaswamy S. Review on Nutritional Potential of Underutilized Millets as a Miracle Grain. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1082-1098. [PMID: 37861015 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010248721230921093208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The current situation, which includes changes in eating habits, an increasing population, and the unrestricted use of natural resources, has resulted in a lack of resources that could be used to provide nourishing food to everyone. Natural plant resources are quickly being depleted, so it is necessary to consider new alternatives. In addition to the staple grains of rice and wheat, many other crops are being consumed that need to be utilized to their full potential and have the potential to replace the staple crops. Millets are one of the most important underutilized crops that have the potential to be used as a nutricereal. Millets have a high nutritional value, do not produce acids, do not contain gluten, and can contribute to a healthy diet. Due to a lack of awareness regarding the nutritional value of millets, their consumption is still restricted to the population that adheres to conventional diets and is economically disadvantaged even though millets contain a significant amount of nutrients. Millets are becoming increasingly unpopular due to a lack of processing technologies, food subsidies, and the inconvenience of preparing food with millets. Millets are a Nutricereal rich in carbohydrates, dietary fibers, energy, essential fatty acids, proteins, vitamin B, and minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. These nutrients help to protect against post-translational diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and celiac disease, among others. Millets are beneficial for controlling blood pressure, blood sugar level, and thyroid function; however, despite these functional properties, millets consumption has declined. Utilizing millets and other staple food crops to develop alternative food sources has become a new area of focus for businesses in the food industry. In addition, millet consumption can help foster immunity and health, which is essential in strengthening our fight against malnutrition in children and adolescents. In this article, the authors examine the potential of millets in terms of their nutricereal qualities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P: 281406, India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Computer Engineering & Applications, GLA University Mathura, U.P: 281406, India
| | | | - Sarada Ramaswamy
- Datha Ayuryoga International Health Institute, D.O.O, Podgorica, Montenegro
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Drabińska N, Marcinkowska MA, Wieczorek MN, Jeleń HH. Application of Sorbent-Based Extraction Techniques in Food Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7985. [PMID: 38138475 PMCID: PMC10745519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents an outline of the application of the most popular sorbent-based methods in food analysis. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is discussed based on the analyses of lipids, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, processing contaminants and flavor compounds, whereas solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is discussed having volatile and flavor compounds but also processing contaminants in mind. Apart from these two most popular methods, other techniques, such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), high-capacity sorbent extraction (HCSE), and needle-trap devices (NTD), are outlined. Additionally, novel forms of sorbent-based extraction methods such as thin-film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME) are presented. The utility and challenges related to these techniques are discussed in this review. Finally, the directions and need for future studies are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Henryk H. Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (N.D.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rudzińska M, Grygier A, Olejnik A, Kowalska K, Kmiecik D, Chojnacka A, Gładkowski W, Grudniewska A, Przybylski R. Heating and storage of structured acylglycerols with succinyl-linked stigmasterol residue does not cause negative chemical or biological changes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21375. [PMID: 38049600 PMCID: PMC10695919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Four structured acylglycerols with stigmasterol bonded by a succinyl linker were investigated and their stability were analyzed. Samples were heated to 60 °C and kept at that temperature to simulate storage, and to 180 °C to simulate frying conditions. The degradation of the synthesized compounds and formed derivatives was determined, and their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on normal human cells from the digestive system was determined. Holding at 180 °C resulted in greater degradation of the compounds than holding at 60 °C. The most stable compound in each sample proved to be one with oleic acid in its structure-1,3-dioleoyl-2-stigmasterylsuccinoyl-sn-glycerol (DO2SSt) at 60 °C and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-stigmasterylsuccinoyl-sn-glycerol (DO3SSt) at 180 °C. These results indicate that the type of fatty acid in the molecule is more important than its position in the glycerol structure. None of the diacylmonostigmasterylsuccinoyl-sn-glycerols (DASStGs) before or after heating exhibited cytotoxic or genotoxic potential to small intestine and colon mucosa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rudzińska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland.
| | - A Grygier
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Olejnik
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - K Kowalska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - D Kmiecik
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Chojnacka
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - W Gładkowski
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Grudniewska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - R Przybylski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moharana M, Pattanayak SK, Khan F. Bioactive compounds from Pandanous fascicularis as potential therapeutic candidate to tackle hepatitis a inhibition: Docking and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10478-10494. [PMID: 36541128 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2158940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to extensive pharmacological research, medicinal plants the underpinning of indigenous herbal serve as a possible source of key compounds for the development of new drugs. Hepatitis A, one of the most widespread infectious diseases associated with global public health issues. The transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) occurs, through personal contact, as well as contaminated food/water. The HAV 3C cysteine protease is a non-structural protein, plays pivotal role in proliferation and viral replication. Significant phytochemicals of Pandanous fascicularis include phytosterol, kobusin, epipinoresinol, and ceroptene, which have a wide variety of biological functions. Through ADMET investigation, we have screened fifteen phytochemicals for this study. Additionally, using molecular docking, these phytochemicals were docked with the HAV 3C protease which signifies the phytochemicals phytosterol, kobusin, epipinoresinol, and ceroptene have a significant capability to bind with hepatitis A virus protein.The docking study was further accompanied by analyzes RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, H-bond number, and principal component analysis through 100 ns MD simulations. The molecular dynamics study reveals that, all four phytochemicals possess considerable binding efficacy with hepatitis A virus protein. Based on our computational study and MMGBSA calculations, phytosterol, kobusin and epipinoresinol phytochemicals may be a potential drug candidate for inhibition of hepatitis A. The potential therapeutic characteristics of the phytochemicals against hepatitis A inhibition offer additional support for the in vitro and in vivo studies in future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maheswata Moharana
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | | | - Fahmida Khan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Y, Wang T, Wang Z, Guo Y, Liu R, Chang M. Application of small angle X-ray scattering in exploring the effect of edible oils with different unsaturation FAs on bioaccessibility of stigmasterol oleate. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7764-7774. [PMID: 37482970 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytosterol can improve its lipid solubility, lipophilic/hydrophilic balance and bioaccessibility by esterification with fatty acids, which increases its practical application range in the food industry. In the present study, small angle X-ray scattering combined with the pH-stat in vitro digestion model was applied to continuously monitor the molecular structure evolution of mixed micelles during digestion and investigate the effect of three edible oils (olive oil with 72.41 ± 0.57% oleic, sunflower seed oil with 63.45 ± 0.78% linoleic, refined linseed oil with 51.74 ± 0.34% linolenic) on bioaccessibility of stigmasterol oleate in vitro. RESULTS The release degree and rate of fatty acids in the three edible oil systems (kOO+ST-OA = 0.0501, kSO+ ST-OA = 0.0357, kLO+ST-OA = 0.0323) was compared. The three different edible oils had similar impact on the formation of dietary mixed micelles during the simulatedin vitro digestion of stigmasterol oleate, although there were significant differences in molecular morphology and composition of mixed micelles. The results showed that the vesicles formed by linoleic oil (SO system) or linolenic oil (LO system) were easy to dissociate. The largest average number and diameter of vesicles (5.55 × 1016 cm-3 and 2230.75 Å), the most stable vesicle structure and the fastest fatty acid release rate were observed in the OO system. CONCLUSION Compared to linoleic (SO system) or linolenic (LO system), the oleic (OO system) could facilitate the transformation of micelles to vesicles and maintain the stability of its membrane, significantly promotin the dissolution of stigmasterol and improving bioaccessibility. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhangtie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ishibashi Y, Sadamitsu S, Fukahori Y, Yamamoto Y, Tanogashira R, Watanabe T, Hayashi M, Ito M, Okino N. Characterization of thraustochytrid-specific sterol O-acyltransferase: modification of DGAT2-like enzyme to increase the sterol production in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0100123. [PMID: 37874286 PMCID: PMC10686087 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01001-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Since the global market for sterols and vitamin D are grown with a high compound annual growth rate, a sustainable source of these compounds is required to keep up with the increasing demand. Thraustochytrid is a marine oleaginous microorganism that can synthesize several sterols, which are stored as SE in lipid droplets. DGAT2C is an unconventional SE synthase specific to thraustochytrids. Although the primary structure of DGAT2C shows high similarities with that of DGAT, DGAT2C utilizes sterol as an acceptor substrate instead of diacylglycerol. In this study, we examined more detailed enzymatic properties, intracellular localization, and structure-activity relationship of DGAT2C. Furthermore, we successfully developed a method to increase sterol and provitamin D3 productivity of thraustochytrid by more than threefold in the process of elucidating the function of the DGAT2C-specific N-terminal region. Our findings could lead to sustainable sterol and vitamin D production using thraustochytrid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishibashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Sadamitsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Fukahori
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rin Tanogashira
- Kyushu University Future Creators in Science Project (QFC-SP), Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Perchuk IN, Shelenga TV, Burlyaeva MO. The Effect of Illumination Patterns during Mung Bean Seed Germination on the Metabolite Composition of the Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3772. [PMID: 37960128 PMCID: PMC10649298 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) sprouts are popular over the world because of their taste, nutritional value, well-balanced biochemical composition, and other properties beneficial for human health. Germination conditions affect the composition of metabolites in mung bean sprouts, so a detailed study into its variability is required. This article presents the results of a comparison of the metabolite composition in the leaves of mung bean sprouts germinated first in the dark (DS) and then in the light (LS). Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) made it possible to identify more than 100 compounds representing various groups of phytochemicals. Alcohols, amino acids, and saccharides predominated in the total amount of compounds. The analysis of metabolomic profiles exposed a fairly high intra- and intervarietal variability in the metabolite content. DS and LS differed in the qualitative and quantitative content of the identified compounds. The intravarietal variability was more pronounced in DS than in LS. DS demonstrated higher levels of saccharides, fatty acids, acylglycerols, and phenolic compounds, while amino acids were higher in LS. Changes were recorded in the quantitative content of metabolites participating in the response of plants to stressors-ornithine, proline, GABA, inositol derivatives, etc. The changes were probably induced by the stress experienced by the sprouts when they were transferred from shade to light. The analysis of variance and principal factor analysis showed the statistically significant effect of germination conditions on the content of individual compounds in leaves. The identified features of metabolite variability in mung bean genotypes grown under different conditions will contribute to more accurate selection of an illumination pattern to obtain sprouts with desirable biochemical compositions for use in various diets and products with high nutritional value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina N. Perchuk
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 42,44, B. Morskaya Street, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Marina. O. Burlyaeva
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 42,44, B. Morskaya Street, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Noreen S, Tufail T, Ul Ain HB, Awuchi CG. Pharmacological, nutraceutical, and nutritional properties of flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum): An insight into its functionality and disease mitigation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6820-6829. [PMID: 37970400 PMCID: PMC10630793 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is derived from the flax plant, an annual herb. The primary relevance of flaxseed is in the human nutrition sector, where it is emerging as a significant functional food component due to its high level of active chemicals, which have been linked to health benefits. Flaxseed may be consumed in numerous forms, including milled, oil, and bakery items. The phytochemicals that are present in flaxseed have greatly drawn interest as bioactive molecules beneficial for health. It is naturally enriched with alpha-linolenic acid, omega-3 fatty acid, lignin, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, and fiber which are physiologically active in the protection of some chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular stroke. Furthermore, the benefits of flaxseed eating have been demonstrated in the animal nutrition industry, resulting in healthier food from animal origin. In reality, the fatty acid profile of meat and fat in swine and poultry is directly impacted by the source of fat in the diet. Feeding omega-3-enriched diets with flaxseed will improve the omega-3 content in eggs and meat, enriching the products. The current study focuses on the latest evidence on the chemical makeup of flaxseed and its positive benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Noreen
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of LahoreLahorePakistan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Huma Bader Ul Ain
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tietel Z, Hammann S, Meckelmann SW, Ziv C, Pauling JK, Wölk M, Würf V, Alves E, Neves B, Domingues MR. An overview of food lipids toward food lipidomics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4302-4354. [PMID: 37616018 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence regarding lipids' beneficial effects on human health has changed the common perception of consumers and dietary officials about the role(s) of food lipids in a healthy diet. However, lipids are a wide group of molecules with specific nutritional and bioactive properties. To understand their true nutritional and functional value, robust methods are needed for accurate identification and quantification. Specific analytical strategies are crucial to target specific classes, especially the ones present in trace amounts. Finding a unique and comprehensive methodology to cover the full lipidome of each foodstuff is still a challenge. This review presents an overview of the lipids nutritionally relevant in foods and new trends in food lipid analysis for each type/class of lipids. Food lipid classes are described following the LipidMaps classification, fatty acids, endocannabinoids, waxes, C8 compounds, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids (i.e., glycolipids, betaine lipids, and triglycerides), sphingolipids, sterols, sercosterols (vitamin D), isoprenoids (i.e., carotenoids and retinoids (vitamin A)), quinones (i.e., coenzyme Q, vitamin K, and vitamin E), terpenes, oxidized lipids, and oxylipin are highlighted. The uniqueness of each food group: oil-, protein-, and starch-rich, as well as marine foods, fruits, and vegetables (water-rich) regarding its lipid composition, is included. The effect of cooking, food processing, and storage, in addition to the importance of lipidomics in food quality and authenticity, are also discussed. A critical review of challenges and future trends of the analytical approaches and computational methods in global food lipidomics as the basis to increase consumer awareness of the significant role of lipids in food quality and food security worldwide is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Simon Hammann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Michele Wölk
- Lipid Metabolism: Analysis and Integration; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research; Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vivian Würf
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruna Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Beaulieu JC, Boue SM, Goufo P. Health-promoting germinated rice and value-added foods: a comprehensive and systematic review of germination effects on brown rice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11570-11603. [PMID: 35816149 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2094887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, thousands of articles have appeared examining the effects of soaking and germinating brown rice (BR). Variable germination conditions and methods have been employed to measure different health-beneficial parameters in a diverse germplasm of BR. Research results may therefore appear inconsistent with occasional anomalies, and it may be difficult to reach consensus concerning expected trends. Herein, we amassed a comprehensive review on germinated brown rice (GBR), attempting to codify 133 peer-reviewed articles regarding the effects on 164 chemical parameters related to health and nutrition in BR and in value-added food products. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-2020) approach was used to direct the flow of the literature search. A pair-wise comparison t-test was performed to deliver an overall approach indicating when a given compound has been found to significantly increase or decrease through germination, which was grouped into GABA and polyamines, γ-Oryzanol and phytosterols, phenolic compounds, vitamins, proteins and amino acids, starchy carbohydrates, free sugars, lipids, minerals and phytic acid. This resource will stimulate interest in germinating rice and optimistically help increase both production and consumption of highly nutritious, health-beneficial rice with pigmented bran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Beaulieu
- Food Processing & Sensory Quality Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen M Boue
- Food Processing & Sensory Quality Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Piebiep Goufo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu Z, Liu X, Ma Z, Guan T. Phytosterols in rice bran and their health benefits. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1287405. [PMID: 37899831 PMCID: PMC10600523 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1287405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous technological innovation in the high-value utilization of rice bran byproducts, rice bran oil retains a higher concentration of beneficial components such as a well-balanced composition of fatty acids and abundant phytosterols. This makes it a highly nutritious and healthy vegetable oil. This review provides an overview of the advancements made in separating, purifying, and processing phytosterols in rice bran oil. The review also introduces techniques for assessing the stability of rice bran oil. Moreover, the review emphasizes the nutritional value of phytosterols found in rice bran oil, highlighting their various health benefits, including their anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antibacterial, cholesterol-lowering, skin-protective, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, and immune-enhancing effects. Attaining a comprehensive understanding of the research progress made in phytosterols derived from rice bran oil can offer valuable guidance for the efficient utilization of rice bran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Liu
- Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianzhu Guan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lôbo IMDB, Bordallo CDOS, Sacramento JM, Leite LDO, Santana PDS. Phytosterol supplementation in capsules or tablets as adjunctive treatment for hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:718-729. [PMID: 37739728 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exploration of lipid-lowering resources, such as phytosterols, for the complementary nutritional treatment of hypercholesterolemia is relevant to reduce cardiovascular risk. The use of phytosterols in capsules or tablets can bring advantages in the context of diet therapy, but such format is still less studied when compared to fortified foods. OBJECTIVE Systematically review randomized clinical trials on the effects of phytosterol supplementation, in capsules or tablets, on the lipid profile and its use in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in adults. DESIGN A systematic review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, with a PROSPERO protocol registered under number CRD42021249539. The process was conducted by two independent reviewers. Only randomized clinical trials with phytosterol supplementation in adult individuals with hypercholesterolemia were included. The terms were searched in the databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library/CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS and Web of Science, without restriction of time and language. The manual search was also performed through the list of references of articles included in this review. RESULTS The searches resulted in 977 articles. 22 articles were selected, whose full text was read, and according to the eligibility criteria 10 were incorporated into the review. The studies were separated into groups according to the association of the intervention with changes in lifestyle and the characteristics extracted from the studies were summarized and displayed in tables. Most studies have revealed a positive association between phytosterol supplementation and cholesterol reduction, despite the short duration of interventions. CONCLUSION The analyzed studies showed that phytosterol supplements can be useful to modulate the lipid profile, helping to reduce the plasma concentration of LDL cholesterol. However, more research with the aforementioned supplementation in such pharmaceutical formats should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabele Maria de Barros Lôbo
- University of the State of Bahia, Department of Life Sciences - Campus I, Street Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 41150-000, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Street Basilio da Gama, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 40110-040, Brazil.
| | - Carine de Oliveira Souza Bordallo
- University of the State of Bahia, Department of Life Sciences - Campus I, Street Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 41150-000, Brazil.
| | - Joselita Moura Sacramento
- University of the State of Bahia, Department of Life Sciences - Campus I, Street Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 41150-000, Brazil.
| | - Luana de Oliveira Leite
- University of the State of Bahia, Department of Life Sciences - Campus I, Street Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 41150-000, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Street Basilio da Gama, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 40110-040, Brazil.
| | - Poliana da Silva Santana
- University of the State of Bahia, Department of Life Sciences - Campus I, Street Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 41150-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Paes AS, Koga RDCR, Sales PF, Santos Almeida HK, Teixeira TACC, Carvalho JCT. Phytocompounds from Amazonian Plant Species against Acute Kidney Injury: Potential Nephroprotective Effects. Molecules 2023; 28:6411. [PMID: 37687240 PMCID: PMC10490259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several Amazonian plant species with potential pharmacological validation for the treatment of acute kidney injury, a condition in which the kidneys are unable to adequately filter the blood, resulting in the accumulation of toxins and waste in the body. Scientific production on plant compounds capable of preventing or attenuating acute kidney injury-caused by several factors, including ischemia, toxins, and inflammation-has shown promising results in animal models of acute kidney injury and some preliminary studies in humans. Despite the popular use of Amazonian plant species for kidney disorders, further pharmacological studies are needed to identify active compounds and subsequently conduct more complex preclinical trials. This article is a brief review of phytocompounds with potential nephroprotective effects against acute kidney injury (AKI). The classes of Amazonian plant compounds with significant biological activity most evident in the consulted literature were alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids. An expressive phytochemical and pharmacological relevance of the studied species was identified, although with insufficiently explored potential, mainly in the face of AKI, a clinical condition with high morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Souza Paes
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Program, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil; (A.S.P.); (R.d.C.R.K.); (P.F.S.); (T.A.C.C.T.)
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil;
| | - Rosemary de Carvalho Rocha Koga
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Program, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil; (A.S.P.); (R.d.C.R.K.); (P.F.S.); (T.A.C.C.T.)
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil;
| | - Priscila Faimann Sales
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Program, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil; (A.S.P.); (R.d.C.R.K.); (P.F.S.); (T.A.C.C.T.)
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil;
| | - Hellen Karine Santos Almeida
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil;
- University Hospital, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Josmar Chaves Pinto, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Thiago Afonso Carvalho Celestino Teixeira
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Program, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil; (A.S.P.); (R.d.C.R.K.); (P.F.S.); (T.A.C.C.T.)
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil;
- University Hospital, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Josmar Chaves Pinto, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Program, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil; (A.S.P.); (R.d.C.R.K.); (P.F.S.); (T.A.C.C.T.)
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil;
- University Hospital, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Josmar Chaves Pinto, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pérez-Martínez P, Ros E, Pedro-Botet J, Civeira F, Pascual V, Garcés C, Solá R, Pérez-Jiménez F, Mostaza JM. Functional foods and nutraceuticals in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: Statement of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis 2023. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2023; 35:248-261. [PMID: 36932013 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
In the management of hypercholesterolemia, besides advising a healthy, plant-based diet, it may be useful to recommend functional foods or nutraceutical with cholesterol-lowering properties. Given the progressive increase in the number of these products and their rising use by the population, the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis (SEA) has considered it appropriate to review the available information, select the results of the scientifically more robust studies and take a position on their usefulness, to recommend to health professionals and the general population their potential utility in terms of efficacy and their possible benefits and limitations. The following clinical scenarios have been identified in which these products could be used and will be analyzed in more detail in this document: (1) Hypolipidemic treatment in subjects with statin intolerance. (2) Hypolipidemic treatment «a la carte» in individuals in primary prevention. (3) Long-term cardiovascular prevention in individuals with no indication for lipid-lowering therapy. (4) Patients with optimized lipid-lowering treatment who do not achieve therapeutic objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, España; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Unidad de Lípidos, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Juan Pedro-Botet
- Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Vascular, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Vicente Pascual
- Centro de Salud Palleter, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Castellón, España
| | - Carmen Garcés
- Laboratorio de Lípidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España
| | - Rosa Solá
- Grupo de Nutrición Funcional, Oxidación y Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (NFOC-Salut), Hospital Universitario Sant Joan, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Francisco Pérez-Jiménez
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, España
| | - José M Mostaza
- Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Vascular, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Castellaneta A, Losito I, Leoni B, Renna M, Mininni C, Santamaria P, Calvano CD, Cataldi TRI, Liebisch G, Matysik S. A targeted GC-MS/MS approach for the determination of eight sterols in microgreen and mature plant material. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106361. [PMID: 37419395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a remarkable number of scientific studies supported the correlation between an adequate dietary intake of phytosterols (PS) and the reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. PS are known to inhibit the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, thus promoting the reduction of the low-density lipoproteins (LDL) amount in the bloodstream. Despite the fact that a non-negligible atherogenicity was recognized to PS, thus requiring a careful risk-benefits assessment for plant sterol supplementation, the potential role of PS as cholesterol-lowering agents has been contributing to the spreading awareness of the health benefits associated with the consumption of plant-based foods. In recent years, this has been fueling the market of innovative vegetable products, such as microgreens. Surprisingly, the recent literature concerning microgreens exhibited the lack of studies focusing on the characterization of PS. To fill this gap, a validated analytical method based on the hyphenation of gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry is proposed here for the quantitative analysis of eight phytosterols, namely β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, isofucosterol, and cholesterol, lathosterol and lanosterol. The method was exploited for the characterization of the PS content in 10 microgreen crops, i.e., chia, flax, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, garden cress, catalogna chicory, endive, kale and broccoli raab. Finally, these results were compared to the PS content of mature forms of kale and broccoli raab. A remarkable amount of PS was detected in chia, flax, rapeseed, garden cress, kale, and broccoli raab microgreens. 100 g (wet weight) of these microgreen crops were found to contain from 20 to 30 mg of the investigated PS. Interestingly, in the case of kale and broccoli raab microgreens, the overall PS content was higher than the one measured in the edible parts of the corresponding mature forms. Additionally, a symmetric change of the PS inner profile was observed between the two growth stages of the latter two crops. Here, the overall decrease of the PS sterol content in the mature forms was associated with the increase of the relative amount of β-sitosterol and campesterol at the expense of minor PS species, such as brassicasterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Castellaneta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - I Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - B Leoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Renna
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C Mininni
- Ortogourmet Società Agricola S.r.l., S.C. 14 Madonna delle Grazie, 74014 Laterza, Italy
| | - P Santamaria
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C D Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - T R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Liebisch
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Matysik
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schlag S, Bräckle Y, Jelečević M, Vetter W. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis of 4,4-dimethylsterols and 4-methylsterols in edible oils after their enrichment by means of solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464166. [PMID: 37356364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
4-Methylsterols (4-M-sterols) and 4,4-dimethylsterols (4,4-D-sterols) are a group of underexplored minor sterols that occur in almost all living organisms. Here, we developed a strategy for the determination of the biochemical precursors of the predominant 4-desmethylsterols in edible oils. Due to their low contribution to the sterol content in the samples, a solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the enrichment of 4-M- and 4,4-D-sterols in the hexane extracts of saponified oils. In a two-fold SPE procedure, the bulk of 4,4-D-sterols was collected in one fraction. The residual sample was subjected to a second SPE step which targeted all 4-M-sterols and low shares of 4,4-D-sterols in one fraction and the predominant 4-desmethylsterols in another one. After silylation of the SPE fractions, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze 4,4-D- and 4-M-sterols. The results were used to define eight subgroups whose characteristic structural features could be linked with the presence of specific m/z values. These m/z values were measured sensitively by GC/MS operated in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Application of the GC/MS method to eighteen edible oils enabled the detection of 55 mostly very low abundant 4-M- and 4,4-D-sterols. Twenty-four of the 4-M- and 4,4-D-sterols could be assigned and the remaining 31 unknown sterols could be traced back to their basic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schlag
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, Stuttgart D-70599, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bräckle
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, Stuttgart D-70599, Germany
| | - Marina Jelečević
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, Stuttgart D-70599, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, Stuttgart D-70599, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Teixeira FS, Costa PT, Soares AMS, Fontes AL, Pintado ME, Vidigal SSMP, Pimentel LL, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM. Novel Lipids to Regulate Obesity and Brain Function: Comparing Available Evidence and Insights from QSAR In Silico Models. Foods 2023; 12:2576. [PMID: 37444314 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid molecules, such as policosanol, ergosterol, sphingomyelin, omega 3 rich phosphatidylcholine, α-tocopherol, and sodium butyrate, have emerged as novel additions to the portfolio of bioactive lipids. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss these lipids, and their activity against obesity and mental or neurological disorders, with a focus on their proposed cellular targets and the ways in which they produce their beneficial effects. Furthermore, this available information is compared with that provided by in silico Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) models in order to understand the usefulness of these tools for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Accordingly, it was possible to highlight how these lipids interact with various cellular targets related to the molecule transportation and absorption (e.g., α-tocopherol transfer protein for α-Tocopherol, ATP-binding cassette ABC transporters or Apolipoprotein E for sphingomyelins and phospholipids) or other processes, such as the regulation of gene expression (involving Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Proteins for ergosterol or Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the case of policosanol) and inflammation (the regulation of interleukins by sodium butyrate). When comparing the literature with in silico Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models, it was observed that although they are useful for selecting bioactive molecules when compared in batch, the information they provide does not coincide when assessed individually. Our review highlights the importance of considering a broad range of lipids as potential bioactives and the need for accurate prediction of ADMET parameters in the discovery of new biomolecules. The information presented here provides a useful resource for researchers interested in developing new strategies for the treatment of obesity and mental or neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca S Teixeira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula T Costa
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M S Soares
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luiza Fontes
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana S M P Vidigal
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia L Pimentel
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang C, Ma W, Xu M, Li T, Han G, Gu L, Chen M, Zhang M, Cheng B, Zhang X. Identification and Functional Characterization of ZmSCYL2 Involved in Phytosterol Accumulation in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10411. [PMID: 37373558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are natural active substances widely found in plants and play an important role in hypolipidemia, antioxidants, antitumor, immunomodulation, plant growth, and development. In this study, phytosterols were extracted and identified from the seed embryos of 244 maize inbred lines. Based on this, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to predict the possible candidate genes responsible for phytosterol content; 9 SNPs and 32 candidate genes were detected, and ZmSCYL2 was identified to be associated with phytosterol accumulation. We initially confirmed its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis and found that mutation of ZmSCYL2 resulted in slow plant growth and a significant reduction in sterol content, while overexpression of ZmSCYL2 accelerated plant growth and significantly increased sterol content. These results were further confirmed in transgenic tobacco and suggest that ZmSCYL2 was closely related to plant growth; overexpression of ZmSCYL2 not only facilitated plant growth and development but also promoted the accumulation of phytosterols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wanlu Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Minyan Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guomin Han
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Longjiang Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meng Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Patil V, Hardikar H, Joshi S, Tembe S. Optical detection of total cholesterol based on a dye-displacement method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122425. [PMID: 36773424 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the dye methylene blue (MB) was entrapped in an agarose gel and used as a sensing probe for the detection of total cholesterol. When methylene blue-entrapped agarose cubes were added to the cholesterol solution, methylene blue was displaced by cholesterol and released into the solution. A calibration curve was prepared by plotting the rate of release of methylene blue at 664 nm against varying cholesterol concentrations. A linear response was observed in the concentration range of 1 to 5 mM (40 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL) which covers normal and elevated cholesterol levels in humans. Optical detection of cholesterol using this dye-replacement method is simple, economical, and non-toxic. Characterisation of the system was carried out by FT-IR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The optical method was validated to determine total cholesterol in serum samples with reasonable accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Fergusson College Road, Shivajinagar, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hrishikesh Hardikar
- Department of Biotechnology, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Fergusson College Road, Shivajinagar, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonali Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Fergusson College Road, Shivajinagar, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanket Tembe
- Department of Biotechnology, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Fergusson College Road, Shivajinagar, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bootter MB, Li J, Zhou W, Edwards D, Batley J. Diversity of Phytosterols in Leaves of Wild Brassicaceae Species as Compared to Brassica napus Cultivars: Potential Traits for Insect Resistance and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091866. [PMID: 37176924 PMCID: PMC10180710 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are natural compounds found in all higher plants that have a wide variety of roles in plant growth regulation and stress tolerance. The phytosterol composition can also influence the development and reproductive rate of strict herbivorous insects and other important agronomic traits such as temperature and drought tolerance in plants. In this study, we analysed the phytosterol composition in 18 Brassica napus (Rapeseed/canola) cultivars and 20 accessions belonging to 10 related wild Brassicaceae species to explore diverse and novel phytosterol profiles. Plants were grown in a controlled phytotron environment and their phytosterols were analysed using a saponification extraction method followed by GC-MS from the leaf samples. The B. napus cultivars showed slight diversity in eight phytosterols (>0.02%) due to the genotypic effect, whereas the wild accessions showed significant variability in their phytosterol profiles. Of interest, a number of wild accessions were found with high levels of campesterol (HIN20, HIN23, HUN27, HIN30, SARS2, and UPM6563), stigmasterol (UPM6813, UPM6563, ALBA17, and ALBA2), and isofucosterol (SARS12, SAR6, and DMU2). These changes in individual phytosterols, or ratios of phytosterols, can have a significant implication in plant tolerance to abiotic stress and plant insect resistance properties, which can be used in breeding for crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Li
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Wenxu Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Buț MG, Jîtcă G, Imre S, Vari CE, Ősz BE, Jîtcă CM, Tero-Vescan A. The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1722. [PMID: 37111945 PMCID: PMC10142909 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) markedly increases with age. Phytotherapeutic approaches have been developed over time owing to the adverse side effects of conventional medications such as 5-reductase inhibitors and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Therefore, dietary supplements (DS) containing active compounds that benefit BPH are widely available. Phytosterols (PSs) are well recognized for their role in maintaining blood cholesterol levels; however, their potential in BPH treatment remains unexplored. This review aims to provide a general overview of the available data regarding the clinical evidence and a good understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of PSs-induced activities at a molecular level in BPH. Furthermore, we will explore the authenticity of PSs content in DS used by patients with BPH compared to the current legislation and appropriate analytical methods for tracking DS containing PSs. The results showed that PSs might be a useful pharmacological treatment option for men with mild to moderate BPH, but the lack of standardized extracts linked with the regulation of DS containing PSs and experimental evidence to elucidate the mechanisms of action limit the use of PSs in BPH. Moreover, the results suggest multiple research directions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina-Georgiana Buț
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Silvia Imre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Camil Eugen Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Bianca Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Carmen-Maria Jîtcă
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jibrin Uttu A, Sani Sallau M, Ibrahim H, Risikat Agbeke Iyun O. In silico modelling and NMR Characterization of some steroids from Strychnos innocua (Delile) root bark as potential antifungal agents. Steroids 2023; 194:109222. [PMID: 36924816 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The root bark of Strychnos innocua has long been employed by traditional healers to treat a variety of ill health conditions including fungal infections. The objective of this study was to isolate, characterized and evaluate the antifungal potential (insilico approach) of some steroids from root bark of S. innocua. Conventional method of column chromatography was carried out on the ethyl acetate root bark extract of S. innocua, leading to the isolation of two steroids. On the basis of 1D NMR, 2D NMR, GC-ESI/MS analyses, and literature comparisons, the compounds were characterized as Stigmast-5-en-3β-ol (1) and Campest-5-en-3β-ol (2). This is the first time these compounds have been isolated from the plant. The results of the in silico modelling of the compounds 1, 2, and fluconazole (control drug) with the binding sites of SAP2 from Candida albicans (PDB: 1EAG) demonstrated that the binding energies were -8.3, -8.0, and -7.1 kcal/mol, respectively. However, the modelling with binding sites of a deglycating enzyme fructosamine oxidase from Aspergillus fumigatus (PDB: 3DJE) demonstrated that the binding energies were -5.9, -7.2, and -8.0 for Stigmast-5-en-3β-ol (1) and Campest-5-en-3β-ol (2), and fluconazole, respectively. In conclusion, the study found that Stigmast-5-en-3-ol and Campest-5-en-3-ol are both present in the root bark of S. innocua. The compounds exhibited promising interaction with the binding sites of the protein target (SAP2 from C. albicans) compare to fluconazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jibrin Uttu
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Hamisu Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062584. [PMID: 36985556 PMCID: PMC10058748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids are a group of secondary plant metabolites, with a remarkable pharmacological potential, occurring in the cuticular waxes of the aerial parts of plants. The aim of this study was to analyze triterpenoid variability in the fruits and leaves of three apple cultivars during the growing season and gain new insights into their health-promoting properties and fate during juice and purée production. The identification and quantification of the compounds of interest were conducted using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The waxes of both matrices contained similar analytes; however, their quantitative patterns varied: triterpenic acids prevailed in the fruits, while higher contents of steroids and esterified forms were observed in the leaves. The total triterpenoid content per unit area was stable during the growing season; the percentage of esters increased in the later phases of growth. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated with a series of in vitro assays. Triterpenoids were found to be the main anti-inflammatory compounds in the apples, while their impact on antioxidant capacity was minor. The apples were processed on a lab scale to obtain juices and purées. The apple purée and cloudy juice contained only some of the triterpenoids present in the raw fruit, while the clear juices were virtually free of those lipophilic compounds.
Collapse
|
49
|
Ajitha T, Gayathri RVA, Evans DA. Antixenosis by a resistant Musa cultivar to stem borer Odoiporus longicollis attack and expression of microsomal α-amylase by the pest. J Biosci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-023-00331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
|
50
|
Gao Y, Xun R, Xia J, Xia H, Sun G. Effects of phytosterol supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2023; 14:2969-2997. [PMID: 36891733 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03663k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols (PSs) have been reported to improve blood lipids in patients with hypercholesterolemia for many years. However, meta-analyses of the effects of phytosterols on lipid profiles are limited and incomplete. A systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to March 2022 was conducted according to the 2020 preferred reporting items of the guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. These included studies of people with hypercholesterolemia, comparing foods or preparations containing PSs with controls. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate continuous outcomes for individual studies. The results showed that in patients with hypercholesterolemia, taking a diet containing a certain dose of plant sterol significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (TC: Weight Mean Difference (WMD) [95% CI] = -0.37 [-0.41, -0.34], p < 0.001; LDL-C: WMD [95% CI] = -0.34 [-0.37, -0.30], p < 0.001). In contrast, PSs had no effect on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides (TGs) (HDL-C: WMD [95% CI] = 0.00 [-0.01, 0.02], p = 0.742; TG: WMD [95% CI] = -0.01 [-0.04, 0.01], p = 0.233). Also, a significant effect of supplemental dose on LDL-C levels was observed in a nonlinear dose-response analysis (p-nonlinearity = 0.024). Our findings suggest that dietary phytosterols can help reduce TC and LDL-C concentrations in hypercholesterolemia patients without affecting HDL-C and TG concentrations. And the effect may be affected by the food substrate, dose, esterification, intervention cycle and region. The dose of phytosterol is an important factor affecting the level of LDL-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ruilong Xun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jiayue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China. .,China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Beijing 100052, China
| |
Collapse
|