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Spiliotis K, Appali R, Fontes Gomes AK, Payonk JP, Adrian S, van Rienen U, Starke J, Köhling R. Utilising activity patterns of a complex biophysical network model to optimise intra-striatal deep brain stimulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18919. [PMID: 39143173 PMCID: PMC11324959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A large-scale biophysical network model for the isolated striatal body is developed to optimise potential intrastriatal deep brain stimulation applied to, e.g. obsessive-compulsive disorder. The model is based on modified Hodgkin-Huxley equations with small-world connectivity, while the spatial information about the positions of the neurons is taken from a detailed human atlas. The model produces neuronal spatiotemporal activity patterns segregating healthy from pathological conditions. Three biomarkers were used for the optimisation of stimulation protocols regarding stimulation frequency, amplitude and localisation: the mean activity of the entire network, the frequency spectrum of the entire network (rhythmicity) and a combination of the above two. By minimising the deviation of the aforementioned biomarkers from the normal state, we compute the optimal deep brain stimulation parameters, regarding position, amplitude and frequency. Our results suggest that in the DBS optimisation process, there is a clear trade-off between frequency synchronisation and overall network activity, which has also been observed during in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Spiliotis
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Informatics (ISCE), Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece.
| | - Revathi Appali
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Jan Philipp Payonk
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simon Adrian
- Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Starke
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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2
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Abdullah M, Lin SH, Huang LC, Chen PS, Tseng HH, Yang YK. Fat loss and muscle gain: The possible role of cortical glutamate in determining the efficacy of physical exercise. Obes Res Clin Pract 2024; 18:163-170. [PMID: 38704348 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is widely acknowledged for its health benefits, but its effectiveness in treating obesity remains contentious due to variability in response. Owing to the roles of glutamate in appetite regulation, food addiction, and impulsivity, this observational cohort-study evaluated medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) glutamate as a predictor of variability in exercise response, specifically in terms of fat loss and muscle gain. METHODS Healthy non-exercising adult men (n = 21) underwent an 8-week supervised exercise program. Baseline glutamate levels in the mPFC were measured through magnetic resonance spectroscopy. For exercise-dependent changes in body composition (fat and muscle mass), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and blood metabolic biomarkers related to lipid and glucose metabolism, measurements were obtained through bioelectrical impedance and blood sample analyses, respectively. RESULTS The exercise program resulted in significant improvements in body composition, including reductions in percentage body fat mass, body fat mass, and waist-to-hip ratio and an increase in mean muscle mass. Furthermore, BMR and metabolic indicators linked to glucose and lipids exhibited significant changes. Notably, lower baseline glutamate levels were associated with greater loss in percentage body fat mass (r = 0.482, p = 0.027), body fat mass (r = 0.441, p = 0.045), and increase in muscle mass (r = -0.409, p = 0.066, marginal) following the exercise program. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings contribute to our understanding of the neurobiology of obesity and emphasize the significance of glutamate in regulating body composition. The results also highlight cortical glutamate as a potential predictor of exercise-induced fat loss and muscle gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Srivastav S, Cui X, Varela RB, Kesby JP, Eyles D. Increasing dopamine synthesis in nigrostriatal circuits increases phasic dopamine release and alters dorsal striatal connectivity: implications for schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:69. [PMID: 37798312 PMCID: PMC10556015 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most robust neurochemical abnormalities reported in patients with schizophrenia is an increase in dopamine (DA) synthesis and release, restricted to the dorsal striatum (DS). This hyper functionality is strongly associated with psychotic symptoms and progresses in those who later transition to schizophrenia. To understand the implications of this progressive neurobiology on brain function, we have developed a model in rats which we refer to as EDiPs (Enhanced Dopamine in Prodromal schizophrenia). The EDiPs model features a virally mediated increase in dorsal striatal (DS) DA synthesis capacity across puberty and into adulthood. This protocol leads to progressive changes in behaviour and neurochemistry. Our aim in this study was to explore if increased DA synthesis capacity alters the physiology of DA release and DS connectivity. Using fast scan cyclic voltammetry to assess DA release we show that evoked/phasic DA release is increased in the DS of EDiPs rats, whereas tonic/background levels of DA remain unaffected. Using quantitative immunohistochemistry methods to quantify DS synaptic architecture we show a presynaptic marker for DA release sites (Bassoon) was elevated within TH axons specifically within the DS, consistent with the increased phasic DA release in this region. Alongside changes in DA systems, we also show increased density of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) synapses in the EDiPs DS suggesting changes in cortical connectivity. Our data may prove relevant in understanding the long-term implications for DS function in response to the robust and prolonged increases in DA synthesis uptake and release reported in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Srivastav
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - James P Kesby
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Kubota M, Takahata K, Matsuoka K, Sano Y, Yamamoto Y, Tagai K, Tarumi R, Suzuki H, Kurose S, Nakajima S, Shiwaku H, Seki C, Kawamura K, Zhang MR, Takahashi H, Takado Y, Higuchi M. Positron Emission Tomography Assessments of Phosphodiesterase 10A in Patients With Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2022; 49:688-696. [PMID: 36458958 PMCID: PMC10154699 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a highly expressed enzyme in the basal ganglia, where cortical glutamatergic and midbrain dopaminergic inputs are integrated. Therapeutic PDE10A inhibition effects on schizophrenia have been reported previously, but the status of this molecule in the living patients with schizophrenia remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the central PDE10A status in patients with schizophrenia and examine its relationship with psychopathology, cognition, and corticostriatal glutamate levels. STUDY DESIGN This study included 27 patients with schizophrenia, with 5 antipsychotic-free cases, and 27 healthy controls. Positron emission tomography with [18F]MNI-659, a specific PDE10A radioligand, was employed to quantify PDE10A availability by measuring non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) of the ligand in the limbic, executive, and sensorimotor striatal functional subregions, and in the pallidum. BPND estimates were compared between patients and controls while controlling for age and gender. BPND correlations were examined with behavioral and clinical measures, along with regional glutamate levels quantified by the magnetic resonance spectroscopy. STUDY RESULTS Multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated a significant main effect of diagnosis on BPND (p = .03). A posthoc test showed a trend-level higher sensorimotor striatal BPND in patients, although it did not survive multiple comparison corrections. BPND in controls in this subregion was significantly and negatively correlated with the Tower of London scores, a cognitive subtest. Striatal or dorsolateral prefrontal glutamate levels did not correlate significantly with BPND in either group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest altered striatal PDE10A availability and associated local neural dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sano
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tarumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisaomi Suzuki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.,National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Kurose
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shiwaku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Seki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Abdullah M, Huang LC, Lin SH, Yang YK. Dopaminergic and glutamatergic biomarkers disruption in addiction and regulation by exercise: a mini review. Biomarkers 2022; 27:306-318. [PMID: 35236200 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2049367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug addiction is associated with disruption of a multitude of biomarkers in various brain regions, particularly in the reward center. The most pronounced are dopaminergic and glutamatergic biomarkers, which are affected at various levels. Neuropathological changes in biomarkers alter the homeostasis of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic nervous systems and promote addiction-associated characteristics such as repeated intake, maintenance, withdrawal, reinstatement, and relapse. Exercise has been shown to have a buffering effect on such biomarkers and reverse the effects of addictive substances. METHODS A review of the literature searched in PubMed, examining drug addiction and physical exercise in relation to dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems at any of the three biomarker levels (i.e., neurotransmitter, receptor, or transporter). RESULTS We review the collective impact of addictive substances on the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems and the beneficial effect of exercise in terms of reversing the damage to these systems. We propose future directions, including implications of exercise as an add-on therapy, substance use disorder (SUD) prognosis and diagnosis and designing of optimized exercise and pharmaceutical regimens based on the aforementioned biomarkers. CONCLUSION Exercise is beneficial for all types of drug addiction at all stages, by reversing molecular damages caused to dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chia-Yi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
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6
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Orso B, Arnaldi D, Girtler N, Brugnolo A, Doglione E, Mattioli P, Biassoni E, Fancellu R, Massa F, Bauckneht M, Chiola S, Morbelli S, Nobili F, Pardini M. Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Degeneration and Cortical [ 18 F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in De Novo Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2293-2302. [PMID: 34021923 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) and the raphe-thalamic serotonergic (SE) systems is among the earliest changes observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). The consequences of those changes on brain metabolism, especially regarding their impact on the cortex, are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Using multi-tracer molecular imaging, we assessed in a cohort of drug-naive PD patients the association between cortical metabolism and DA and SE system deafferentation of either striatum or thalamus, and we explored whether this association was mediated by either striatum or thalamus metabolism. METHODS We recruited 96 drug-naive PD patients (aged 71.9 ± 7.5 years) who underwent [123 I]ioflupane single-photon emission computed tomography ([123 I]FP-CIT-SPECT) and brain [18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18 F]FDG-PET). We used a voxel-wise analysis of [18 F]FDG-PET images to correlate regional metabolism with striatal DA and thalamic SE innervation as assessed using [123 I]FP-CIT-SPECT. RESULTS We found that [123 I]FP-CIT specific to nondisplaceable binding ratio (SBR) and glucose metabolism positively correlated with one another in the deep gray matter (thalamus: P = 0.001, r = 0.541; caudate P = 0.001, r = 0.331; putamen P = 0.001, r = 0.423). We then observed a direct correlation between temporoparietal metabolism and caudate DA innervation, as well as a direct correlation between prefrontal metabolism and thalamus SE innervation. The effect of caudate [123 I]FP-CIT SBR values on temporoparietal metabolism was mediated by caudate metabolic values (percentage mediated: 89%, P-value = 0.008), and the effect of thalamus [123 I]FP-CIT SBR values on prefrontal metabolism was fully mediated by thalamus metabolic values (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the impact of deep gray matter monoaminergic deafferentation on cortical function is mediated by striatal and thalamic metabolism in drug-naive PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Orso
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Girtler
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Brugnolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Mattioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Erica Biassoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federico Massa
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Chiola
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Ersche KD, Lim TV, Murley AG, Rua C, Vaghi MM, White TL, Williams GB, Robbins TW. Reduced Glutamate Turnover in the Putamen Is Linked With Automatic Habits in Human Cocaine Addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:970-979. [PMID: 33581835 PMCID: PMC8083107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance between goal-directed behavior and habits has been hypothesized to be biased toward the latter in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD), suggesting possible neurochemical changes in the putamen, which may contribute to their compulsive behavior. METHODS We assessed habitual behavior in 48 patients with CUD and 42 healthy control participants using a contingency degradation paradigm and the Creature of Habit Scale. In a subgroup of this sample (CUD: n = 21; control participants: n = 22), we also measured glutamate and glutamine concentrations in the left putamen using ultra-high-field (7T) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We hypothesized that increased habitual tendencies in patients with CUD would be associated with abnormal glutamatergic metabolites in the putamen. RESULTS Compared with their non-drug-using peers, patients with CUD exhibited greater habitual tendencies during contingency degradation, which correlated with increased levels of self-reported daily habits. We further identified a significant reduction in glutamate concentration and glutamate turnover (glutamate-to-glutamine ratio) in the putamen in patients with CUD, which was significantly related to the level of self-reported daily habits. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CUD exhibit enhanced habitual behavior, as assessed both by questionnaire and by a laboratory paradigm of contingency degradation. This automatic habitual tendency is related to a reduced glutamate turnover in the putamen, suggesting a dysregulation of habits caused by chronic cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Ersche
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Tsen Vei Lim
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G Murley
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rua
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matilde M Vaghi
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tara L White
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Guy B Williams
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Agarwal SM, Kowalchuk C, Castellani L, Costa-Dookhan KA, Caravaggio F, Asgariroozbehani R, Chintoh A, Graff-Guerrero A, Hahn M. Brain insulin action: Implications for the treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2019; 168:107655. [PMID: 31152767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin action in the central nervous system is a major regulator of energy balance and cognitive processes. The development of central insulin resistance is associated with alterations in dopaminergic reward systems and homeostatic signals affecting food intake, glucose metabolism, body weight and cognitive performance. Emerging evidence has highlighted a role for antipsychotics (APs) to modulate central insulin-mediated pathways. Although APs remain the cornerstone treatment for schizophrenia they are associated with severe metabolic complications and fail to address premorbid cognitive deficits, which characterize the disorder of schizophrenia. In this review, we first explore how the hypothesized association between schizophrenia and CNS insulin dysregulation aligns with the use of APs. We then investigate the proposed relationship between CNS insulin action and AP-mediated effects on metabolic homeostasis, and different domains of psychopathology, including cognition. We briefly discuss a potential role of CNS insulin signaling to explain the hypothesized, but somewhat controversial association between therapeutic efficacy and metabolic side effects of APs. Finally, we propose how this knowledge might inform novel treatment strategies to target difficult to treat domains of schizophrenia. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Antipsychotics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chantel Kowalchuk
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kenya A Costa-Dookhan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fernando Caravaggio
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Araba Chintoh
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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9
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Campolo M, Paterniti I, Siracusa R, Filippone A, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S. TLR4 absence reduces neuroinflammation and inflammasome activation in Parkinson's diseases in vivo model. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 76:236-247. [PMID: 30550933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, disabling neurodegenerative disorder. It has been shown Toll like receptor (TLR) 4-deficient mice protect against MPTP toxicity, suggesting that dopaminergic cell death is TLR4-dependent. The aim of this study was to demonstrate, in an in vivo model of PD, how TLR4 plays its important role in the pathogenesis of PD by using MPTP neurotoxin model (4 × 20 mg/kg, 2 h apart, i.p). Our experiments have demonstrated that the absence of TLR4 prevented dopamine depletion, increased tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter activities and reduced the number of α-synuclein-positive neurons. The absence of TLR4 also had an impact on inflammatory processes, modulating the transcription factors NF-κB p65 and AP-1, and reducing astrogliosis. Importantly, we demonstrated that the absence of TLR4 modulated inflammosome pathway. Moreover, it has been shown that TLR4 modulated motor and non-motor symptoms typical of PD. Our results clearly demonstrated that absence of TLR4 reduces the development of neuroinflammation associated with PD through NF-κB, AP-1 and inflammasome pathways modulation; therefore, TLR4 could be considered as an encouraging therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA.
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10
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Liu F, Zhang B, Xie L, Ruan Y, Xu X, Zeng Y, Messina L, Zhao J, Fan X. Changes in plasma levels of nitric oxide metabolites and negative symptoms after 16-week minocycline treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018. [PMID: 29526457 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of adjunctive minocycline on psychopathology and possibly relevant biomarkers in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD In a 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects received either minocycline (200mg per day) or placebo. Psychopathology was assessed using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and week 16. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and nitric oxide metabolites were assessed at both time points. RESULTS Fifty-five patients completed the study (27 in the minocycline group, 28 in the placebo group). The minocycline group had significant decreases in the SANS total sore, the PANSS total score and the PANSS negative symptoms score at week 16 compared to the placebo group. In addition, the minocycline group had a significant decrease in plasma levels of nitric oxide metabolites, but no significant difference in changes in plasma levels of IL-1β or TNF-α, compared to the placebo group at week 16. Further, the more decrease in plasma levels of nitric oxide metabolites was associated with less improvement in negative symptoms. CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of adjunctive minocycline treatment on negative symptoms might be through mechanisms other than the nitric oxide pathway. The implications for future studies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingkui Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liqin Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Mental Health Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - XiuFeng Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Louis Messina
- Division of vascular surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Psychotic Disorders Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA, United States.
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11
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Quansah E, Ruiz-Rodado V, Grootveld M, Zetterström TSC. Methylphenidate alters monoaminergic and metabolic pathways in the cerebellum of adolescent rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:513-528. [PMID: 29478746 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the cerebellar circuitry have been suggested to contribute to some of the symptoms associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH) is the major drug for treating this condition. Here, the effects of acute (2.0 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg) and chronic (2.0 mg/kg, twice daily for 15 days) MPH treatments were investigated in adolescent (35-40 days old) rats on monoaminergic and metabolic markers in the cerebellum. Data acquired indicates that acute MPH treatment (2.0 mg/kg) decreased cerebellar vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) density, while chronic treatment caused an increase. In contrast, protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the dopamine D1 receptor were not significantly altered by neither acute nor chronic MPH treatment. In addition, while chronic but not acute MPH treatment significantly enhanced dopamine turnover (DOPAC/dopamine) in the cerebellum, levels of dopamine and homovanillic acid (HVA) were not altered. Acute MPH (5.0 mg/kg) significantly modified levels of a range of cerebellar metabolites with similar trends also detected for the lower dose (2.0 mg/kg). In this regard, acute MPH tended to decrease cerebellar metabolites associated with energy consumption and excitatory neurotransmission including glutamate, glutamine, N-acetyl aspartate, and inosine. Conversely, levels of some metabolites associated with inhibitory neurotransmission, including GABA and glycine were reduced by acute (5.0 mg/kg) MPH, together with acetate, aspartate and hypoxanthine. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MPH alters cerebellar biochemistry, and that this effect depends on both dose and duration of treatment. The therapeutic significance of these results requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Quansah
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Victor Ruiz-Rodado
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Tyra S C Zetterström
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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12
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Plitman E, Chavez S, Nakajima S, Iwata Y, Chung JK, Caravaggio F, Kim J, Alshehri Y, Chakravarty MM, De Luca V, Remington G, Gerretsen P, Graff-Guerrero A. Striatal neurometabolite levels in patients with schizophrenia undergoing long-term antipsychotic treatment: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and reliability study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 273:16-24. [PMID: 29414127 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies have reported disrupted levels of various neurometabolites in patients with schizophrenia. An area of particular interest within this patient population is the striatum, which is highly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study examined neurometabolite levels in the striatum of 12 patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic treatment for at least 1 year and 11 healthy controls using 3-Tesla 1H-MRS (PRESS, TE = 35 ms). Glutamate, glutamate+glutamine (Glx), myo-inositol, choline, N-acetylaspartate, and creatine levels were estimated using LCModel, and corrected for fraction of cerebrospinal fluid in the 1H-MRS voxel. Striatal neurometabolite levels were compared between groups. Multiple study visits permitted a reliability assessment for neurometabolite levels (days between paired 1H-MRS acquisitions: average = 90.33; range = 7-306). Striatal neurometabolite levels did not differ between groups. Within the whole sample, intraclass correlation coefficients for glutamate, Glx, myo-inositol, choline, and N-acetylaspartate were fair to excellent (0.576-0.847). The similarity in striatal neurometabolite levels between groups implies a marked difference from the antipsychotic-naïve first-episode state, especially in terms of glutamatergic neurometabolites, and might provide insight regarding illness progression and the influence of antipsychotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Plitman
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Ku Chung
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Kim
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Youssef Alshehri
- Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Caravaggio F, Iwata Y, Plitman E, Chavez S, Borlido C, Chung JK, Kim J, Agarwal SM, Gerretsen P, Remington G, Hahn M, Graff-Guerrero A. Reduced insulin sensitivity may be related to less striatal glutamate: An 1H-MRS study in healthy non-obese humans. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:285-296. [PMID: 29269206 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Levels of striatal dopamine (DA) may be positively correlated with levels of striatal glutamate (Glu). While reduced insulin sensitivity (%S) has been associated with reduced striatal DA levels in healthy non-obese persons, whether reduced %S is also associated with reduced striatal Glu levels has not yet been established. Using 1H-MRS, we measured levels of several neurometabolites in the striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of seventeen healthy non-obese persons (9 female, mean age: 28.35 ± 9.53). Insulin sensitivity was estimated for each subject from fasting plasma glucose and insulin using the Homeostasis Model Assessment II. We hypothesized that %S would be positively related with levels of Glu and Glu + glutamine (Glx) in the striatum. Exploratory analyses were also conducted between other fasting markers of metabolic health and neurometabolites measured with 1H-MRS. In the right striatum, %S was positively correlated with levels of Glu (r(15) = .49, p = .04) and Glx (r(15) = .50, p = .04). In the left striatum, there was a trend positive correlation between %S and Glu (r(15) = .46, p = .06), but not Glx levels (r(15) = .20, p = .44). The relationships between %S and striatal Glu levels remained after controlling for age, sex, and BMI (right: r(12) = .73, β = .52, t = 2.55, p = .03; left: (r(12) = .63, β = .53, t = 2.25, p = .04) These preliminary findings suggest that %S may be related to markers of glutamatergic functioning in the striatum of healthy non-obese persons. These findings warrant replication in larger samples and extension into neuropsychiatric populations where altered striatal DA, Glu, and %S are implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Eric Plitman
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Carol Borlido
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Jun Ku Chung
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Julia Kim
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
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14
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Caravaggio F, Ku Chung J, Plitman E, Boileau I, Gerretsen P, Kim J, Iwata Y, Patel R, Chakravarty MM, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A. The relationship between subcortical brain volume and striatal dopamine D 2/3 receptor availability in healthy humans assessed with [ 11 C]-raclopride and [ 11 C]-(+)-PHNO PET. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5519-5534. [PMID: 28752565 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in dopamine (DA) and brain morphology are observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is not fully understood how these abnormalities may relate to one another. For such in vivo findings to be used as biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disease, it must be understood how variability in DA relates to brain structure under healthy conditions. We explored how the availability of striatal DA D2/3 receptors (D2/3 R) is related to the volume of subcortical brain structures in a sample of healthy humans. Differences in D2/3 R availability measured with an antagonist radiotracer ([11 C]-raclopride) versus an agonist radiotracer ([11 C]-(+)-PHNO) were examined. METHODS Data from 62 subjects scanned with [11 C]-raclopride (mean age = 38.98 ± 14.45; 23 female) and 68 subjects scanned with [11 C]-(+)-PHNO (mean age = 38.54 ± 14.59; 25 female) were used. Subcortical volumes were extracted from T1-weighted images using the Multiple Automatically Generated Templates (MAGeT-Brain) algorithm. Partial correlations were used controlling for age, gender, and total brain volume. RESULTS For [11 C]-(+)-PHNO, ventral caudate volumes were positively correlated with BPND in the dorsal caudate and globus pallidus (GP). Ventral striatum (VS) volumes were positively correlated with BPND in the VS. With [11 C]-raclopride, BPND in the VS was negatively correlated with subiculum volume of the hippocampus. Moreover, BPND in the GP was negatively correlated with the volume of the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. CONCLUSION Findings are purely exploratory and presented corrected and uncorrected for multiple comparisons. We hope they will help inform the interpretation of future PET studies where concurrent changes in D2/3 R and brain morphology are observed. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5519-5534, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jun Ku Chung
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Eric Plitman
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Julia Kim
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Raihaan Patel
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
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15
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Singh S, Jamwal S, Kumar P. Neuroprotective potential of Quercetin in combination with piperine against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1137-1144. [PMID: 28852397 PMCID: PMC5558494 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.211194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that selectively damages dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and induces Parkinson's like symptoms in rodents. Quercetin (QC) is a natural polyphenolic bioflavonoid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but lacks of clinical attraction due to low oral bioavailability. Piperine is a well established bioavailability enhancer used pre-clinically to improve the bioavailability of antioxidants (e.g., Quercetin). Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of QC together with piperine against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in rats. MPTP (100 μg/μL/rat, bilaterally) was injected intranigrally on days 1, 4 and 7 using a digital stereotaxic apparatus. QC (25 and 50 mg/kg, intragastrically) and QC (25 mg/kg, intragastrically) in combination with piperine (2.5 mg/kg, intragastrically) were administered daily for 14 days starting from day 8 after the 3rd injection of MPTP. On day 22, animals were sacrificed and the striatum was isolated for oxidative stress parameter (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nitrite and glutathione), neuroinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and neurotransmitter (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) evaluations. Bilateral infusion of MPTP into substantia nigra pars compacta led to significant motor deficits as evidenced by impairments in locomotor activity and rotarod performance in open field test and grip strength and narrow beam walk performance. Both QC (25 and 50 mg/kg) and QC (25 mg/kg) in combination with piperine (2.5 mg/kg), in particular the combination therapy, significantly improved MPTP-induced behavioral abnormalities in rats, reversed the abnormal alterations of neurotransmitters in the striatum, and alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the striatum. These findings indicate that piperine can enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of QC, and QC in combination with piperine exhibits strong neuroprotective effects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Moga, Punjab, India.,I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Moga, Punjab, India.,I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Moga, Punjab, India
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16
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Xu H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Huang Q, Shen Z, Wu R. Evaluation of neuron-glia integrity by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Implications for psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:563-577. [PMID: 27702600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been widely applied in human studies. There is now a large literature describing findings of brain MRS studies with mental disorder patients including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. However, the findings are mixed and cannot be reconciled by any of the existing interpretations. Here we proposed the new theory of neuron-glia integrity to explain the findings of brain 1H-MRS stuies. It proposed the neurochemical correlates of neuron-astrocyte integrity and axon-myelin integrity on the basis of update of neurobiological knowledge about neuron-glia communication and of experimental MRS evidence for impairments in neuron-glia integrity from the authors and the other investigators. Following the neuron-glia integrity theories, this review collected evidence showing that glutamate/glutamine change is a good marker for impaired neuron-astrocyte integrity and that changes in N-acetylaspartate and lipid precursors reflect impaired myelination. Moreover, this new theory enables us to explain the differences between MRS findings in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Xu
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China.
| | - Handi Zhang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- The Department of Radiology, the second affiliated hospital, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- The Department of Radiology, the second affiliated hospital, Shantou University Medical College, China
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Delunardo F, Soldati D, Bellisario V, Berry A, Camerini S, Crescenzi M, Alessandri C, Conti F, Ceccarelli F, Francia A, Valesini G, Cirulli F, Siracusano A, Siracusano A, Niolu C, Alex Rubino I, Ortona E, Margutti P. Anti-GAPDH Autoantibodies as a Pathogenic Determinant and Potential Biomarker of Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:2708-2716. [PMID: 27213890 DOI: 10.1002/art.39750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential role of circulating autoantibodies specific to neuronal cell surface antigens in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS Two different kinds of immunoscreening approaches were used to identify autoantigens associated with neuropsychiatric disorders in the serum of patients with schizophrenia. The presence of autoantibodies specific to the identified autoantigens was then tested in patients with various psychiatric disorders and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and concomitant neuropsychiatric manifestations. Furthermore, the potential pathogenic role of these autoantibodies was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS GAPDH was identified as a novel autoantigen associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Serum anti-GAPDH IgG was detected in the serum of 51% of patients with schizophrenia and 50% of patients with major depression. Moreover, SLE patients with comorbid psychiatric manifestations presented significantly higher serum levels of anti-GAPDH antibodies than did SLE patients without psychiatric manifestations (P = 0.004 by chi-square test). Of note, a significant positive correlation (R = 0.48, P = 0.0049, by Spearman's rank correlation test) was found between the levels of serum anti-GAPDH antibodies and cognitive dysfunction in patients with SLE. In vitro analysis of the effects of purified human anti-GAPDH autoantibodies on SH-SY5Y cells showed an immediate neurite retraction. Finally, in vivo administration of anti-GAPDH autoantibodies in the right cerebral ventricle of C57BL/6J mice resulted in specific behavioral changes associated with a detrimental cognitive and emotional profile. CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that anti-GAPDH autoantibodies play a role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, thus representing a potentially promising tool for the screening of individual vulnerability to these disabling conditions.
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De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G, Millan MJ. Expanding the repertoire of L-DOPA's actions: A comprehensive review of its functional neurochemistry. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 151:57-100. [PMID: 27389773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Though a multi-facetted disorder, Parkinson's disease is prototypically characterized by neurodegeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to a severe disruption of motor function. Accordingly, L-DOPA, the metabolic precursor of dopamine (DA), is well-established as a treatment for the motor deficits of Parkinson's disease despite long-term complications such as dyskinesia and psychiatric side-effects. Paradoxically, however, despite the traditional assumption that L-DOPA is transformed in residual striatal dopaminergic neurons into DA, the mechanism of action of L-DOPA is neither simple nor entirely clear. Herein, focussing on its influence upon extracellular DA and other neuromodulators in intact animals and experimental models of Parkinson's disease, we highlight effects other than striatal generation of DA in the functional profile of L-DOPA. While not excluding a minor role for glial cells, L-DOPA is principally transformed into DA in neurons yet, interestingly, with a more important role for serotonergic than dopaminergic projections. Moreover, in addition to the striatum, L-DOPA evokes marked increases in extracellular DA in frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, the subthalamic nucleus and additional extra-striatal regions. In considering its functional profile, it is also important to bear in mind the marked (probably indirect) influence of L-DOPA upon cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the basal ganglia and/or cortex, while anomalous serotonergic transmission is incriminated in the emergence of L-DOPA elicited dyskinesia and psychosis. Finally, L-DOPA may exert intrinsic receptor-mediated actions independently of DA neurotransmission and can be processed into bioactive metabolites. In conclusion, L-DOPA exerts a surprisingly complex pattern of neurochemical effects of much greater scope that mere striatal transformation into DA in spared dopaminergic neurons. Their further experimental and clinical clarification should help improve both L-DOPA-based and novel strategies for controlling the motor and other symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR CNRS 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Mark J Millan
- Institut de Recherche Servier, Pole for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, 78290 Croissy/Seine,Paris, France
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