1
|
Lai M, Wang Y, Li F, Zhao J. Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Lignosulfonate-Based Phosphorus-Containing Intermediates and Its Composite Si-P-C Silicone-Acrylic Emulsion Coating for Flame-Retardant Plywood. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12573-12593. [PMID: 38843172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Through the substitution reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and sodium lignosulfonate (LS), a novel phosphorus-containing sodium lignosulfonate (DAL) was successfully synthesized via the solvothermal method and used as a multifunctional flame retardant to prepare a novel silicone-acrylic emulsion (SAE) composite Si-P-C coating. The structure of DAL was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (solid-state 13C NMR and 31P NMR). The results demonstrated that incorporating an appropriate dosage of DAL (0.9 g, 1.5 wt %) into SAE-based composite coatings enhances flame retardancy and reduces heat release and smoke production during burning. The peak heat release rate (p-HRR) decreases from 236.7 to 120.3 kW·m-2, total smoke production (TSP) decreases by 71.1%, and the flame-retardant index increases from 1.00 to 4.58. Meanwhile, the coating is transformed into a dense and nonflammable vitreous polyphosphate barrier layer during the firing process to prevent heat or mass transfer. Furthermore, the pyrolysis kinetics identify that the 3D Z-L-T model governs the coatings' pyrolysis, and the appropriate DAL makes the pyrolysis Eα climb from 300.98 to 331.30 kJ·mol-1 at 358-439 °C. Hence, this study presents a new synthesis method of multifunctional flame retardant DAL, studies the excellent properties and cross-linking mechanism of DAL-doped SAE-composite Si-P-C coatings, and explores a halogen-free, low-carbon, and clean eco-technology strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MengYao Lai
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - YaChao Wang
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycling, Ministry of Education, Mianyang 621010, China
- Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - JiangPing Zhao
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng H, Wu Y, Hsu W, Lin F, Wang S, Zeng J, Zhu Q, Song L. Green and economic flame retardant prepared by the one-step method for polylactic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127291. [PMID: 37806420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the flammability of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) while ensuring its environmental friendliness and preserving key flame retardancy and mechanical properties represents a critical challenge. We have successfully developed a highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardant called Hexamethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid amine (HDME). The flame retardancy of PLA/HDME composites was significantly improved, as indicated by the LOI value of 29.1 % and UL-94 V-0 rating for PLA/3.5 HDME with only 3.5 % HDME addition. The results show a 23.4 % reduction in the total heat release (THR), a 40.0 % increase in the time to ignition (TTI), and a 21.2 % increase in the flame propagation index (FPI) compared to original PLA. Flame retardant mechanism of HDME involves the gas phase, condensed phase, and interrupted heat exchange effects. The HDME also preserved the original mechanical properties of PLA, with the elongation at break and tensile strength retention of PLA/3.5 HDME reaching 93.05 % and 89.65 %. This work provides a simple and efficient method for flame retardant modification of PLA, which can expand its application scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cheng
- Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Wayne Hsu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Fenglong Lin
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiuyin Zhu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li D, Lin S, Hao J, He B, Zhang H, Chen M. A Rigid-Flexible and Multi-Siloxane Bridge Strategy for Toughening Epoxy Resin with Promising Flame Retardancy, Mechanical, and Dielectric Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14059. [PMID: 37762362 PMCID: PMC10531251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing highly efficient and multifunctional epoxy resins (EPs) that overcome the shortcomings of flammability and brittleness is crucial for pursuing sustainable and safe application but remains a huge challenge. In this paper, a novel biomass-containing intumescent flame retardant containing a rigid-flexible and multi-siloxane bridge structure (DPB) was synthesized using siloxane; 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO); and biomass vanillin. DPB could facilitate the formation of a carbon residual with an intumescent structure, which effectively blocked the propagation of heat and oxygen. As a result, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of DPB/EP-7.5 decreased by 38.8% and 45.0%, respectively. In terms of mechanical properties, the tensile and flexural elongations at break of DPB/EP-7.5 increased by 77.2% and 105.3%, respectively. Impressively, DPB/EP-7.5 had excellent dielectric properties, with a dielectric constant of 2.5-2.9. This was due to the Si-O bonds (multi-siloxane bridges) contained in DPB/EP, which can quench the polarization behavior of the hydroxyl group. This paper provides a facile strategy for the preparation of multifunctional EP, which will pave the way for the promotion and application of EP in the high-end field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo W, Chen S, Liang F, Jin L, Ji C, Zhang P, Fei B. Ultra-light-weight, anti-flammable and water-proof cellulosic aerogels for thermal insulation applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125343. [PMID: 37331534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic aerogels (CNF) are considered naturally available thermal insulating materials as substitutes for conventional polymeric aerogels owing to their extensive sources, low density, low thermal conductivity, sustainability and biodegradability. However, cellulosic aerogels suffer from high flammability and hygroscopicity. In this work, a novel P/N-containing flame retardant (TPMPAT) was synthesized to modify cellulosic aerogels to improve their anti-flammability. TPMPAT/CNF aerogels were further modified by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to enhance the water-proof characteristics. Although the addition of TPMPAT and/or PDMS slightly increased the density and thermal conductivity of the composite aerogels, those values were still comparable to the commercial polymeric aerogels. Compared with pure CNF aerogel, the cellulose aerogel modified by TPMPAT and/or PDMS had higher T-10%, T-50% and Tmax, which indicated that the modified cellulose aerogels have better thermal stability. TPMPAT modification made CNF aerogels highly hydrophilic, while TPMPAT/CNF aerogel modified by PDMS became a highly hydrophobic material with a water contact angle (WCA) of 142°. Pure CNF aerogel burned rapidly after ignition, showing a low limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 23.0% and no UL-94 grade. In contrast, both TPMPAT/CNF-30% and PDMS-TPMPAT/CNF-30% showed self-extinction behaviors with a UL-94 V-0 grade, implying high fire resistance. Combined with high anti-flammability and hydrophobicity, the ultra-light-weight cellulosic aerogels show great potential for thermal insulation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Shun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fuwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chenpeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Ma L, Yuan J, Zhu Z, Liu X, Li D, He L, Xiao F. Furfural-based P/N/S flame retardant towards high-performance epoxy resins with flame retardancy, toughness, low dielectric properties and UV resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
6
|
Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect between Ionic Liquid Functionalized Imogolite Nanotubes and Ammonium Polyphosphate in Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061455. [PMID: 36987235 PMCID: PMC10058830 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquid functionalized imogolite nanotubes (INTs-PF6-ILs) were introduced into the epoxy resin (EP)/ammonium polyphosphate (APP) system to investigate the flame retardant performance and thermal properties using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 test, and the cone calorimeter test (CCT). The results suggested that a synergistic effect exists between INTs-PF6-ILs and APP on the char formation and anti-dripping behavior of EP composites. For the EP/APP, an UL-94 V-1 rating was obtained for the loading of 4 wt% APP. However, the composites containing 3.7 wt% APP and 0.3 wt% INTs-PF6-ILs could pass the UL-94 V-0 rating without dripping behavior. In addition, compared with the EP/APP composite, the fire performance index (FPI) value and fire spread index (FSI) value of EP/APP/INTs-PF6-ILs composites were remarkably reduced by 11.4% and 21.1%, respectively. Moreover, the char formed by EP/APP composites was intumescent, but of poor quality. In contrast, the char for EP/APP/INTs-PF6-ILs was strong and compact. Therefore, it can resist the erosion due to heat and gas formation and protect the inside of the matrix. This was the main reason for the good flame retardant property of EP/APP/INTs-PF6-ILs composites.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Wu K, Zhou C, Pan Z, Feng L, Cheng Q, Zhou H. Phenylenediamine‐phenyl phosphonic acid salts toward good flame retardancy and smoke suppression epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Kunxiong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qingrong Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang YC, Li F, Zhao JP. Novel halogen‐free
Si‐C‐P
flame‐retarding coatings constructed by
DOPO
/flake graphite co‐doping silica fume‐based geopolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chao Wang
- State Key Lab of Subtropical Building Science South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycling Ministry of Education Mianyang China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jiang Ping Zhao
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Highly efficient phosphorous-containing flame retardant for transparent epoxy resin with good mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
10
|
Wang H, Yuan J, Zhu Z, Wang H, Wang L. A novel sustainable strategy of upcycled waste polyphenylene sulfide filter bag: From waste polyphenylene sulfide powder to char‐forming agent for flame retardant epoxy. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Zongmin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Luoxin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A guanidine phosphate-assisted boron nitride network enabled simultaneous improvements in flame resistance and thermal conductivity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
Gu W, Wei L, Ma T, Wu Y, Zhang A, Wei J, Wang R. Carbon Dots as smoke suppression agents for the reduction of CO release in combustion and improvement of UV resistance towards Phosphorus-containing polyester. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Wang J, Wang X, Zhou Z, Liu X, Xu M, Zhao F, Zhao F, Li S, Liu Z, Li L, Zhao S. Flame-retardant effect of tannic acid-based intumescent fire-retardant applied on flammable natural rubber. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29928-29938. [PMID: 36321106 PMCID: PMC9580520 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04682b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is a natural phenolic compound abundant in plants. Its characteristics of low combustion and good absorption make it useful in the flame retardant field. On this basis, a new expansive flame retardant system (ACT) composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/TA functional clay (CT) was used to study the synergistic flame retardancy and smoke suppression of natural rubber (NR). Because of their unique flame retardancy and better mechanical properties compared with the traditional expansive flame retardant system (IFR), new flame retardants have attracted much attention in various fields. The results of the cone calorimeter showed that the ACT system can significantly influence the decomposition behavior of NR and form a highly graphitized and phosphorous carbon layer to protect the composite material, thus a synergistic effect is produced on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance of the composite material. In addition, within the effective additive quality range of the ACT system, TC can give the NR composite excellent mechanical properties. The ACT systems give synergistic effects on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of NR.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wang
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Xueya Wang
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Shandong Rike Chemical Co., LtdChangle262499China
| | - Meiming Xu
- Shandong Rike Chemical Co., LtdChangle262499China
| | - Fa Zhao
- Qingdao Haier Refrigerator Co., LtdChina
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Song Li
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Enhanced fire-proofing performance and crystallizability of bio-based poly(L-lactic acid): Dual functions of a Schiff base-containing synergistic flame retardant. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:305-324. [PMID: 36150571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of important bio-macromolecule which can be prepared via fermentation of starch of maize and sweet potato. Flammability and extremely poor crystallizability limited its wide application. In this work, a novel Schiff base derivate (CP) was synthesized and, combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a synergistic flame retardant and nucleating agent to investigate its effects on LOI, UL-94 rating, thermal stability, combustion behavior and crystallizability of PLA. With loading of 5%CP/10%APP, PLA showed a significantly enhanced LOI and passed V-0 fire-safety rating with self-extinguish effect. PLA/5%CP/10%APP presented the lowest pHRR, THR and TSR, and highest char residue yield, FPI and FRI in cone calorimetry test, indicating an excellent flame retardancy effect, enhanced fire safety and longer escaping time in the fire. A continuous, compact and thick char layer structure formed as a protective barrier in combustion process, to enhance heat-insulating and oxygen resistance property, thermal stability and smoke-suppressing capacity of PLA. Flame retardancy mechanism was proposed and discussed based on comprehensive and in-depth characterization techniques. Also, 5%CP/10%APP presented a good nucleation effect to enormously increase crystallizability and shorten crystallization time of PLA.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Zhang K, Huang J, Zhou Z, Xie K, Li X, Wei W. A vanillin derivative P/N/S‐containing high‐efficiency flame retardant for epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jiateng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang J, Guo Y, Zhao S, Zhu Z, Huang Y, Tian T, Zhou Y, Bi L. Low flammability epoxy resin enabled by a phosphaphenanthrene-based oligomer. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Lv J, Chen B, Zheng B, Chen M, Qiao H, Li S, Zhang H. Poly(phosphorus‐silicon‐alkyne): Widening the application potential in epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, mechanical property, and unimpaired thermal stability. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Lv
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Bing Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Botuo Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Huawei Qiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Huagui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yuan J, Wang H, Wang Y, Ma Y, Zhu Z, Lin X. A novel highly efficient intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene: Thermal degradation, flame retardance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Ding H, Luo Z, Wang B. A phosphorus/sulfur‐containing compound toward simultaneously endowing epoxy resin with good flame retardancy and high transparency. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zhonglin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Biaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ai YF, Liu XD, Bai WB, Lin YC, Xie RR, Jian RK. From herbicide to flame retardant: The lamellar-like phosphorus-bridged amitrole toward high fire safety epoxy resin with light smoke and low toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132704. [PMID: 34715101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to alleviate the harmful impact of the flammability of epoxy resin on the environment, amitrole, a herbicide, has been converted to a novel flame retardant (PBA) with lamellar morphology through organophosphorus modification. This material has been utilized to fabricate fire safe epoxy thermosets (EP). EP containing 7.5 wt% PBA undergoes quick self-extinguishment upon ignition. This blend displays a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 34%. More importantly, hazardous products (heat, smoke, toxic gases including CO/CO2) released during combustion of EP, are strongly suppressed in the presence of PBA. The mechanical properties of EP-PBA blends are comparable to those of virgin EP. The tensile strength of EP containing PBA is 90% of that of unmodified EP. The flexural strength of PBA blends is somewhat greater than that for EP containing no additive. A tactful strategy for the transformation of amitrole, a potential environmental contaminant to a benign flame retardant for polymers has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fang Ai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Xin-Duo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Wei-Bin Bai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yu-Cai Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Rong-Kun Jian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots for developing highly flame retardant poly (vinyl alcohol) composite films. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
22
|
Li D, Zhang Z, Wang S, Xu M, Li B. A monomolecular intumescent flame retardant for improvement simultaneously of fire safety, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Bin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A Study of Thermal Degradation and Fire Behaviour of Polymer Composites and Their Gaseous Emission Assessment. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14217070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of polymer composite materials in the aeronautics and automotive sectors has increased dramatically, and their fire behaviour has become a critical parameter in terms of fire safety. On this premise, it is critical to demonstrate that these composite materials constitute elements whose safety justifies a high level of confidence. This is based on their combustibility and the rate at which flammable and toxic gaseous species are emitted. Thus, strict fire safety regulations are enforced by the relevant authorities concerned because of their potential fire risk. This study analysed papers published between 1970 and 2021 that described the devices used to characterise the thermal behaviour of composite materials at various scales. The objective was to highlight the thermophysical phenomena, making it possible to accurately assess the flammability and thermal stability of polymer composite materials. The results of this research reveal that the small-scale facilities provide detailed understanding and mastery of the thermal reaction properties of the composites. While with the medium scale, the extended fire reaction parameters, which are the key indicators of the fire safety performance, can be determined. On a large scale, the tests were carried out using devices such as the NexGen burner recommended by the FAA. Therefore, with such assays, it is possible to assess the rates of thermal degradation as well as quantified pyrolysis gases. However, compared to other scales, there were very few works on a large scale. In addition, by focusing on the polluting nature of synthetic composite materials, there is also few research studies aimed at designing new polymer composite materials from biological sources.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhong X, Yang X, Ruan K, Zhang J, Zhang H, Gu J. Discotic Liquid Crystal Epoxy Resins Integrating Intrinsic High Thermal Conductivity and Intrinsic Flame Retardancy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100580. [PMID: 34626506 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The integration of intrinsic thermal conductivity and intrinsic flame retardancy of epoxy resins shows wider application prospects in electricals and electronics. Discotic liquid crystal epoxy (D-LCE) is synthesized from pyrocatechol, 2-allyloxyethanol, and 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. P/Si synergistic flame-retardant co-curing agent (DOPO-POSS, DP) is synthesized from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO), and amino terminated polysilsesquioxane (POSS). Finally, D-LCE is cured within liquid crystal range with 4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) and DP, to obtain intrinsic highly thermal conductive/flame-retardant epoxy resins (D-LCERDP ). D-LCERDP-10.0 (10.0 wt% DP) synchronously possesses excellent intrinsic thermal conductivity and intrinsic flame retardancy, with thermal conductivity coefficient in vertical and parallel direction (λ⊥ and λ∥ ) of 0.34 and 1.30 W m-1 K-1 , much higher than that of general bisphenol A epoxy resin (E-51, λ⊥ of 0.19 W m-1 K-1 , λ∥ of 0.65 W m-1 K-1 ). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of D-LCERDP-10.0 reaches 31.1, also better than those of E-51 (19.8) and D-LCER (21.3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhong
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xutong Yang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Ruan
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Haitian Zhang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A P/N/S-containing compound toward enhanced fire safety epoxy resin with well-balanced performance. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Zheng P, Wang R, Wang D, Peng X, Zhao Y, Liu Q. A phosphorus-containing hyperbranched phthalocyanine flame retardant for epoxy resins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17731. [PMID: 34489485 PMCID: PMC8421351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A hyperbranched phosphorus-containing copper phthalocyanine compound (DOPO-CuPc) was successfully synthesized and used as the flame-retardant additive to prepare flame-retarded epoxy thermosets. The addition of DOPO-CuPc led to a significant enhancement of the flame retardant properties of the epoxy resin. The 15DOPO-CuPc/EP composite obtained a LOI value of 35.8%, and the UL-94 rose from NR to V-0 rating. And the addition of DOPO-CuPc resulted in early decomposition of the epoxy thermoset, but the residual char at 700 °C reached 27.7%. The flame retardant mechanism was further investigated. It was found that DOPO-CuPc could release phosphorus-containing radicals and non-combustible gases in the gas phase to exert gas-phase flame retardant activity. In the condensed phase, the epoxy thermoset formed the expanded honeycomb-like char layer during combustion and the presence of copper phthalocyanine contributed to the stability of the char layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penglun Zheng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, 618307, China.,Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Deyang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, 618307, China.,Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Deyang, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, 618307, China.,Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Deyang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Peng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, 618307, China.,Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Deyang, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, 618307, China. .,Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Deyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang W, Chen Z, Yu Y, Chen T, Zhang Q, Li C, Chen Z, Gao W, Jiang J. Synthesis of phosphorus and silicon co‐doped graphitic carbon nitride and its combination with ammonium polyphosphate to enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Qingwu Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Changxin Li
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Preparation of a halogen-free flame retardant and its effect on the poly(L-lactic acid) as the flame retardant material. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
29
|
Ma C, Qian L, Li J. Effect of functional groups of magnolol-based cyclic phosphonate on structure and properties of flame retardant epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Cheng C, Lu Y, Ma W, Li S, Yan J, Du S. Preparation and characterization of polydopamine/melamine microencapsulated red phosphorus and its flame retardance in epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20391-20402. [PMID: 35479930 PMCID: PMC9034026 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydopamine/melamine composite microencapsulated red phosphorus (RP@PDA/MA) was prepared and applied as the flame retardant for epoxy resin (EP) in this work. For comparison, polydopamine (PDA) coated red phosphorus (RP@PDA) was also prepared. The microstructure, chemical composition and thermal decomposition of the as prepared samples were systematically characterized. The results showed that PDA and PDA/MA shell structures were fabricated successfully via convenient water-based processes at room temperature. The flame retardance of red phosphorus (RP), RP@PDA, and RP@PDA/MA on EP was evaluated. The results showed that EP blending with 7 wt% RP@PDA/MA passed V-0 degree in the vertical burning test (UL-94), reached a limited oxygen index (LOI) of 30.9% and decreased the peak heat release rate of EP by 65.1% in the cone calorimeter test. The satisfactory flame retardance can be attributed to the intumescent flame retardant system consisting of RP@PDA/MA. The PDA and PDA/MA shell structures also improved the compatibility between RP and EP, thus RP@PDA and RP@PDA/MA had less significant impact on the tensile-strain properties of EP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Yanling Lu
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Weining Ma
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Li
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Hebei Jiaotong Vocational and Technical College Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Du
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao P, Zeng W, Yang Z, Yang Y, Li J, Shi J, Wen N, Li H, Guan J, Lei Z, Chen D. Preparation of a novel functionalized magnesium-based curing agent as an intrinsic flame retardant for epoxy resin. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129658. [PMID: 33529798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant 10-(1,4-dicarboxylic acid magnesium salt)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DMMH) was synthesized via neutralization and addition reaction of maleic acid, magnesium hydroxide and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), and subsequently used in an intrinsic flame retardant epoxy resin. The chemical structure and morphology of DMMH were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, the prepared DMMH was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to form an intumescent flame retardant system. The thermal stability and flame retardance were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), UL-94 vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry. It was observed that the addition of 1.7% DMMH and 5.3% APP led EP-7 to acquire UL-94 V-0 rating, with the limiting oxygen index of 26.0%. As compared with pure EP, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate and total smoke production of the sample was noted to decrease by 54.5%, 35.1%, 43.6% and 38.1%, respectively. In addition, the introduction of DMMH did not negatively impact the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pufang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Zhiwang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yaoxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Na Wen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jie Guan
- Lanzhou Fire and Rescue Division, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Denglong Chen
- Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, 362801, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Synthesis of Ethyl (Diethoxymethyl)phosphinate Derivatives and Their Flame Retardancy in Flexible Polyurethane Foam: Structure-flame Retardancy Relationships. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
33
|
Self-extinguishing and transparent epoxy resin modified by a phosphine oxide-containing bio-based derivative. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Wang W, Wang Z. Facile synthesis of carbon microspheres/tin ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate hybrid for improving the mechanical, flame‐retardant, and thermal properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051181. [PMID: 33802309 PMCID: PMC7959149 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers. They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries. Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly flammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, flame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and flexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.
Collapse
|
36
|
Xie W, Bao Q, Liu Y, Wen H, Wang Q. Hydrogen Bond Association to Prepare Flame Retardant Polyvinyl Alcohol Film with High Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5508-5517. [PMID: 33464817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It has always been the goal of flame retardant research to improve the flame retardancy of a polymer efficiently without compromising comprehensive properties such as mechanical properties. For polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), inspired by the multiple hydrogen bonding in spider silk, we design a new type of compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen with multiple hydrogen-bonding reaction sites (N,N',N''-tris(2-aminoethyl)phosphoric triamide (TE)) as it is flame retardant. The dynamic cross-linking structure is constructed, and the hyperdispersion of flame retardancy is achieved by the hydrogen bond self-assembly between TE and PVA, thus the high-performance flame retardant PVA is obtained. With only a 10 wt % addition of TE, the PVA film with a thickness of 0.15 mm can reach the UL94 VTM-0 level, and its tensile strength, ductility, and initial decomposition temperature can be increased by 33, 15, and 12 °C, respectively. In addition, the hydrogen-bonding effect and flame retardant mechanism are characterized and studied. This work overcomes the shortcomings of traditional flame retarding approaches and provides an effective strategy for the preparation of flame retardant polymers with an excellent performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiuru Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Polymer Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Enhance the interaction between ammonium polyphosphate and epoxy resin matrix through hydrophobic modification with cationic latex. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
38
|
Wang H, Li S, Zhu Z, Yin X, Wang L, Weng Y, Wang X. A novel DOPO-based flame retardant containing benzimidazolone structure with high charring ability towards low flammability and smoke epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
39
|
Luo Y, Wang H, Wang H, Cheng X, Du Z. Enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of waterborne polyurethane based on the phosphorus and nitrogen containing polybutadiene acrylonitrile. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaofa Luo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nickel hydroxide and zinc hydroxystannate dual modified graphite carbon nitride for the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
41
|
Dai S, Yu X, Chen R, Zhou H, Pan Z. Transparent epoxy resin material with excellent fire retardancy enabled by a P/N/S containing flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengsong Dai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xuejun Yu
- Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center Hubei China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
- Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen R, Luo Z, Yu X, Tang H, Zhou Y, Zhou H. Synthesis of chitosan-based flame retardant and its fire resistance in epoxy resin. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116530. [PMID: 32718634 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel flame retardant CCD was synthesized by the condensation between cinnamalde and chitosan, followed by the addition reaction with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(DOPO), and CCD was named from the initials of the three raw materials. The intermediate product CC and the target product CCD was then characterized by infrared spectrometry and elemental analysis. The flame retardancy of EP thermosets modified by CCD was dramatically improved. Epoxy resin (EP) with 10wt% CCD passed vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 rating and possessed limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.6 %. Cone calorimeter test exhibited the introduction of 3.5g CCD into 35g EP decreased the total heat release by 38.8 % and decreased the total smoke product by 72.0 %. XPS, FTIR, SEM and Raman tests were proceeded to determine the char residue for EP/10 % CCD thermoset, and the results showed that char residue for EP/10 % CCD thermoset possessed dense and compact structure which played a positive effect in blocking the exchange of heat and gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China; West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, China
| | - Zijin Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - XueJun Yu
- Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li L, Li S, Wang H, Zhu Z, Yin X, Mao J. Low flammability and smoke epoxy resins with a novel
DOPO
‐based imidazolone derivative. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Artificial Intelligence School Wuchang University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Shan Li
- Artificial Intelligence School Wuchang University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Zongmin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Xianze Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Jiawei Mao
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Chengdu Institute of Product Quality Inspection Co., Ltd Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu Y, Xu B, Qian L, Chen Y, Qiu Y. Impact on flame retardancy and degradation behavior of intumescent flame‐retardant
EP
composites by a hyperbranched triazine‐based charring agent. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
| | - Lijun Qian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
| | - Yajun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
| | - Yong Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Andriani Y, Song J, Seng DHL, Lim PC, Teo SL, Hui HK, Kong J, Wang X, Yue Y, Zhang X, Liu S. Selective interactions of glycidylamine epoxy/boron nitride nanosheets as a facile method to reinforce bisphenol-A epoxy resins. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
46
|
Zhao PP, Deng C, Zhao ZY, Huang SC, Lu P, Wang YZ. Nanoflake-Constructed Supramolecular Hierarchical Porous Microspheres for Fire-Safety and Highly Efficient Thermal Energy Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28700-28710. [PMID: 32479048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The leakage and fire hazard of organic solid-liquid phase change material (PCM) tremendously limit its long-term and safe application in thermal energy storage and regulation. In this work, novel nanoflake-fabricated organic-inorganic supramolecular hierarchical microspheres denoted as BPL were synthesized through the electrostatically driven assembly of poly(ethylene ammonium phenylphosphamide) (BP) decorated layered double hydroxides using sodium dodecyl sulfate as a template. Then the BPL was simultaneously utilized as a porous supporting material and flame retardant for polyethylene glycol to fabricate shape-stabilized PCM (BS-PCM). Benefiting from the structural uniqueness of the BPL microsphere, the BS-PCM possessed a high latent heat capacity of 116.7 J g-1 and excellent thermoregulatory capability. Moreover, the BS-PCM had no apparent leakage after a 200-cycle heating/cooling process and showed excellent thermal reversibility, superior to similar solid-liquid PCMs reported in recent literature. More interestingly, unlike flammable PEG, BS-PCM showed excellent fire resistance when exposed to a fire source. The unique BPL porous microsphere provided not only a microcontainer with high storage capacity for solid-liquid PCM, but also a fire resistant barrier to PEG, supplying a promising solution for highly efficient and fire-safe thermal energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Cong Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yong Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Chao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ai YF, Pang FQ, Xu YL, Jian RK. Multifunctional Phosphorus-Containing Triazolyl Amine toward Self-Intumescent Flame-Retardant and Mechanically Strong Epoxy Resin with High Transparency. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fang Ai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Fu-Qu Pang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yan-Lian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rong-Kun Jian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Recent Developments in the Flame-Retardant System of Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092145. [PMID: 32384706 PMCID: PMC7254395 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the development of flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP) has tended to be non-toxic, efficient, multifunctional and systematic. Currently reported flame retardants have been capable of providing flame retardancy, heat resistance and thermal stability to EP. However, many aspects still need to be further improved. This paper reviews the development of EPs in halogen-free flame retardants, focusing on phosphorus flame retardants, carbon-based materials, silicon flame retardants, inorganic nanofillers, and metal-containing compounds. These flame retardants can be used on their own or in combination to achieve the desired results. The effects of these flame retardants on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EPs were discussed. Despite the great progress on flame retardants for EP in recent years, further improvement of EP is needed to obtain numerous eco-friendly high-performance materials.
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu L, Zhang W, Yang R. Flame retardant epoxy composites with epoxy‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leichun Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang H, Du X, Wang S, Du Z, Wang H, Cheng X. Improving the flame retardancy of waterborne polyurethanes based on the synergistic effect of P-N flame retardants and a Schiff base. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12078-12088. [PMID: 35496638 PMCID: PMC9050904 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel reactive intumescent fire retardant hexa-[4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenoxyl]-cyclotriphosphazene (HEPCP), containing both cyclotriphosphazene and Schiff base structures, is successfully prepared. The chemical structures of HEPCP and flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane (WPU) (FR-WPU) were characterized via31P, 1H NMR and FT-IR. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that HEPCP exhibited excellent thermal stability and produced rich char residue under high temperature compared with the control sample. The Schiff base and cyclotriphosphazene had a synergistic effect on the WPU. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of up to 26.7% were recorded; the dripping behavior was simultaneously improved and achieved a V-1 rating in the UL-94 test by incorporating 0.5 wt% phosphorus. In contrast to the pure WPU, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) of the FR-WPU/HEPCP5 decreased by 43.8%. The char residues increased from 0.63% to 6.96%, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a relatively continuous and membranous substance, with few holes. The results of TGA-FIR, Py-GC/MS and SEM indicated that HEPCP displayed a fire-retardant mechanism in the condensed-phase. In addition, the thermomechanical behaviors and the mechanical properties indicated that both mechanical properties and Tgh increased. A novel reactive intumescent fire retardant hexa-[4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenoxyl]-cyclotriphosphazene (HEPCP), containing both cyclotriphosphazene and Schiff base structures, is successfully prepared.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
| |
Collapse
|