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Díez-Rodríguez TM, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Composites of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Mesoporous SBA-15 Silica: Crystalline Characteristics, Confinement and Final Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1037. [PMID: 38674956 PMCID: PMC11054845 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Several composites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and mesoporous SBA-15 silica were prepared by solvent-casting followed by a further stage of compression molding. The thermal stability, phase transitions and crystalline details of these composites were studied, paying special attention to the confinement of the PHB polymeric chains into the mesopores of the silica. For that, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and real-time variable-temperature X-ray scattering at small angles (SAXS) were performed. Confinement was stated first by the existence of a small endotherm at temperatures around 20 °C below the main melting or crystallization peak, being later confirmed by a notable discontinuity in the intensity of the main (100) diffraction from the mesoporous silica observed through SAXS experiments, which is related to the change in the scattering contrast before and after the crystallization or melting of the polymer chains. Furthermore, the usual α modification of PHB was developed in all samples. Finally, a preliminary investigation of mechanical and relaxation parameters was carried out through dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The results show, in the temperature interval analyzed, two relaxations, named α and β (the latest related to the glass transition) in order of decreasing temperatures, in all specimens. The role of silica as a filler is mainly observed at temperatures higher than the glass transition. In such cases, stiffness is dependent on SBA-15 content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María L. Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (T.M.D.-R.); (E.B.-B.); (E.P.)
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Barranco-García R, García-Peñas A, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Ressia JA, Quinzani LM, Vallés EM, Gómez-Elvira JM, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Polypropylene Nanocomposites Attained by In Situ Polymerization Using SBA-15 Particles as Support for Metallocene Catalysts: Effect of Molecular Weight and Tacticity on Crystalline Details, Phase Transitions and Rheological Behavior. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114261. [PMID: 37298738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, nanocomposites based on polypropylene are synthesized by the in situ polymerization of propene in the presence of mesoporous SBA-15 silica, which acts as a carrier of the catalytic system (zirconocene as catalyst and methylaluminoxane as cocatalyst). The protocol for the immobilization and attainment of hybrid SBA-15 particles involves a pre-stage of contact between the catalyst with cocatalyst before their final functionalization. Two zirconocene catalysts are tested in order to attain materials with different microstructural characteristics, molar masses and regioregularities of chains. Some polypropylene chains are able to be accommodated within the silica mesostructure of these composites. Thus, an endothermic event of small intensity appears during heating calorimetric experiments at approximately 105 °C. The existence of these polypropylene crystals, confined within the nanometric channels of silica, is corroborated by SAXS measurements obtained via the change in the intensity and position of the first-order diffraction of SBA-15. The incorporation of silica also has a very significant effect on the rheological response of the resultant materials, leading to important variations in various magnitudes, such as the shear storage modulus, viscosity and δ angle, when a comparison is established with the corresponding neat iPP matrices. Rheological percolation is reached, thus demonstrating the role of SBA-15 particles as filler, in addition to the supporting role that they exert during the polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Barranco-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Peñas
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química, IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge A Ressia
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km. 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Lidia M Quinzani
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km. 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Enrique M Vallés
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km. 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - José M Gómez-Elvira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Díez-Rodríguez TM, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Fernández-García M, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Antimicrobial Activity and Crystallization Features in Bio-Based Composites of PLLA and MCM-41 Particles Either Pristine or Functionalized with Confined Ag Nanowires. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092084. [PMID: 37177226 PMCID: PMC10180868 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Composites based on an L-rich poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) and MCM-41, either neat or modified with a silver (MCM-41@Ag), are achieved by solvent casting, being next processed by compression molding. Ag is mainly embedded as nanowires within the hybrid MCM-41@Ag particles, enabling its antimicrobial character. In these composites, the PLLA thermal stability, nucleation efficiency, and mechanical response are dependent on the MCM-41 nature and, to a lesser extent, on its content. Thus, differences in transitions of the PLLA matrix are noticed during cooling at 10 °C/min and in the subsequent heating when composites with neat or modified MCM-41 are compared. A very remarkable nucleation effect is played by pristine MCM-41, being inferior when MCM-41@Ag is incorporated into the PLLA. Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements using synchrotron radiation and performed under variable-temperature conditions in the composites containing MCM-41@Ag indicate that during cold crystallization, the disordered α' polymorph is initially formed, but it rapidly transforms into ordered α crystals. A long spacing peak, clearly seen in pure PLLA, appears as a small shoulder in PLLAMCM@Ag4 and is undetectable in PLLAMCM@Ag9 and PLLAMCM@Ag20. Furthermore, an increase in MH with the silica content is found in the two sets of composites, the higher MH values being observed in the family of PLLA and MCM-41@Ag. Finally, remarkable antimicrobial features are noticeable in the composites with MCM-41@Ag since this modified silica transfers its biocidal characteristics into the PLLA composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Díez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Panchenko VN, Zakharov VA, Matsko MA. Study of the Bis(imino)pyridyl Complex of Fe(II)/Nafen and Titanium-Magnesium/Nafen Catalysts for Synthesis of Polyethylene/Nafen Composites by in situ Ethylene Polymerization. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422700580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Safitri WN, Habiddin H, Ulfa M, Trisunaryanti W, Bahruji H, Holilah H, Rohmah AA, Sholeha NA, Jalil AA, Santoso E, Prasetyoko D. Dual Template using P123-Gelatin for synthesized Large Mesoporous Silica for Enhanced Adsorption of Dyes. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Effect of Graphene Nanofibers on the Morphological, Structural, Thermal, Phase Transitions and Mechanical Characteristics in Metallocene iPP Based Nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6060161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion from a commercial metallocene-type isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and different amounts of two types of graphene (G) nanofibers: ones with a high specific surface, named GHS, and the others with a low specific surface, labeled as GLS. The number of graphene layers was found to be around eight for GLS and about five in the GHS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the resultant iPP nanocomposites showed a better homogeneity in the dispersion of the GLS nanofibers within the polymeric matrix compared with the distribution observed for the GHS ones. Crystallinity in the nanocomposites turned out to be dependent upon graphene content and upon thermal treatment applied during film preparation, the effect of the nature of the nanofiber being negligible. Graphene exerted a noticeable nucleating effect in the iPP crystallization. Furthermore, thermal stability was enlarged, shifting to higher temperatures, with increasing nanofiber amount. The mechanical response changed significantly with nanofiber type, along with its content, together with the thermal treatment applied to the nanocomposites. Features of nanofiber surface played a key role in the ultimate properties related to superficial and bulk stiffness.
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Su HL, Yang MM, Liu M, Fu JW, Wang YH, Yao MX, Yang DH, Wang LP, Li G. PH and thermo dual-sensitive copolymers with fluorescent properties grafted mesoporous silica SBA-15 via metal-free ATRP. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Díez-Rodríguez TM, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Antunes NLC, Ribeiro MR, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Nanocomposites of PCL and SBA-15 Particles Prepared by Extrusion: Structural Characteristics, Confinement of PCL Chains within SBA-15 Nanometric Channels and Mechanical Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:129. [PMID: 35012150 PMCID: PMC8747316 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of different nanocomposites based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and mesoporous SBA-15 silica that were prepared by melt extrusion was carried out by analyzing the possible effect of this filler on the crystalline details of PCL, on its mechanical behavior, and on the eventual observation of the confinement of the polymeric chains within the hollow nanometric silica channels. Thus, simultaneous Small-Angle and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS/WAXS) synchrotron experiments at variable temperature were performed on these PCL nanocomposites with different mesoporous silica contents. The importance of the morphological and structural features was assessed by the changes that were observed during the mechanical response of the final materials, which determined that the presence of mesoporous particles leads to a noticeable reinforcing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Díez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadine L C Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Zhang J, Zuo J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Fu W, Zhang J, Miao S, Wei C. Universality of mesoporous coal gasification slag for reinforcement and deodorization in four common polymers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:095703. [PMID: 34808606 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3bf0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous adsorbents and polymer deodorants are difficult to implement on a large scale because of their complicated preparation methods. Herein, a mesoporous adsorbent (CGSA) with a specific surface area of 564 m2g-1and a pore volume of 0.807 cm3g-1was prepared from solid waste coal gasification slag using a simple acid leaching process. The adsorption thermodynamics and adsorption kinetics results verified that the adsorption mechanism of propane on CGSA was mainly physisorption. Then the universality of CGSA in different polymers was investigated by introducing CGSA and its commercialized counterparts (CaCO3, and zeolite) into four common polymers. When the filler content was 30 wt%, the average reinforcement effect of CGSA on the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the four polymers was 46.68%, 83.62%, and 211.90% higher than that of CaCO3, respectively. Gas chromatography results also showed that CGSA significantly decreased total volatile organic compound emissions from the composites, and its optimal deodorization performance reached 69.58%, 81.33%, and 91.09% for different polymers, respectively, far exceeding that of zeolite. Therefore, this study showed that low-cost, high-performance, and multifunctional mesoporous polymer fillers with excellent universality can be manufactured from solid contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiding Miao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Cundi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
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García‐Peñas A, Gómez‐Elvira JM, Blázquez‐Blázquez E, Barranco‐García R, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Microstructural details and polymorphs in poly(propylene‐
co
‐1‐nonene) copolymers synthesized at different polymerization temperatures. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - María L. Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
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Díez-Rodríguez TM, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Composites Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) and SBA-15: Effect of Mesoporous Silica on Thermal Stability and on Isothermal Crystallization from Either Glass or Molten State. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112743. [PMID: 33227923 PMCID: PMC7699165 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several composites based on an L-rich poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with different contents of mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15) silica were prepared in order to evaluate the effect of the mesoporous silica on the resultant PLA materials by examining morphological aspects, changes in PLA phases and their transitions, and, primarily, the influence on some final properties. Melt extrusion was chosen for the obtainment of the composites, followed by quenching from the melt to prepare films. Completely amorphous samples were then attained, as deduced from X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrated that the presence of SBA-15 particles in the PLA matrix did not exert any significant influence on the thermal decomposition of these composites. An important nucleation effect of the silica was found in PLA, especially under isothermal crystallization either from the melt or from its glassy state. As expected, isothermal crystallization from the glass was considerably faster than from the molten state, and these high differences were also responsible for a more considerable nucleating role of SBA-15 when crystallizing from the melt. It is remarkable that the PLA under analysis showed very close temperatures for cold crystallization and its subsequent melting. Moreover, the type of developed polymorphs did not accomplish the common rules previously described in the literature. Thus, all the isothermal experiments led to exclusive formation of the α modification, and the observation of the α’ crystals required the annealing for long times at temperatures below 80 °C, as ascertained by both DSC and X-ray diffraction experiments. Finally, microhardness (MH) measurements indicated a competition between the PLA physical aging and the silica reinforcement effect in the as-processed amorphous films. Physical aging in the neat PLA was much more important than in the PLA matrix that constituted the composites. Accordingly, the MH trend with SBA-15 content was strongly dependent on aging times.
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Barranco-García R, Gómez-Elvira JM, Ressia JA, Quinzani L, Vallés EM, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Variation of Ultimate Properties in Extruded iPP-Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites by Effect of iPP Confinement within the Mesostructures. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E70. [PMID: 31906517 PMCID: PMC7023671 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and mesoporous silica particles of either MCM-41 or SBA-15 were prepared by melt extrusion. The effect of the silica incorporated into an iPP matrix was firstly detected in the degradation behavior and in the rheological response of the resultant composites. Both were ascribed, in principle, to variations in the inclusion of iPP chains within these two mesostructures, with well different pore size. DSC experiments did not provide information on the existence of confinement in the iPP-MCM-41 materials, whereas a small endotherm, located at about 100 °C and attributed to the melting of confined crystallites, is clearly observed in the iPP-SBA-15 composites. Real-time variable-temperature Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) experiments with synchrotron radiation turned out to be crucial to finding the presence of iPP within MCM-41 pores. From these measurements, precise information was also deduced on the influence of the MCM-41 on iPP long spacing since overlapping does not occur between most probable iPP long spacing peak with the characteristic diffractions from the MCM-41 hexagonal nanostructure in comparison with existing superposition in SBA-15-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Barranco-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.-G.); (J.M.G.-E.); (E.P.)
| | - José M. Gómez-Elvira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.-G.); (J.M.G.-E.); (E.P.)
| | - Jorge A. Ressia
- PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga km 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina; (J.A.R.); (L.Q.); (E.M.V.)
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Lidia Quinzani
- PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga km 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina; (J.A.R.); (L.Q.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Enrique M. Vallés
- PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga km 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina; (J.A.R.); (L.Q.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.-G.); (J.M.G.-E.); (E.P.)
| | - María L. Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.-G.); (J.M.G.-E.); (E.P.)
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Käselau S, Scheel S, Petersson L, Ho C, Luinstra GA. Isotactic polypropylene metal oxide and silica nanocomposites by a two‐step process comprising in situ olefin polymerization and melt compounding. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Käselau
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Saskia Scheel
- ABB Schweiz, AG Corporate Research Baden‐Dättwil Switzerland
| | | | - Chau‐Hon Ho
- ABB Schweiz, AG Corporate Research Baden‐Dättwil Switzerland
| | - Gerrit A Luinstra
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
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