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Diaz-Quevedo C, Frias H, Cahuana GM, Tapia-Limonchi R, Chenet SM, Tejedo JR. High prevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in cattle in Amazonas, Peru. Parasitol Int 2021; 85:102428. [PMID: 34329752 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the genus Fasciola spp. which cause an important loss to the livestock industry. The objectives of this study were: to estimate the prevalence of fascioliasis in three provinces of Amazonas, to evaluate possible risk factors of infection in cattle and to genetically characterize the Fasciola haplotypes circulating in this area. According to the results the prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle was 90.13% (712/790). Odds ratio results showed a significant association between fascioliasis and the Brown Swiss breed (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.57-4.35; p < 0.001), and with female cattle older than 30 months (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05-2.79; p < 0.031). According to the molecular genetic studies using the gene marker NAD1, six haplotypes of Fasciola hepatica were found in the 35 infected livers collected. The results obtained in this study are concerning due to the high prevalence presented and it reveals the necessity of a continuing monitoring because of the high risk of transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clavel Diaz-Quevedo
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Amazonas, Peru
| | - Hugo Frias
- Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Amazonas, Peru
| | - Gladys M Cahuana
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Tapia-Limonchi
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Amazonas, Peru
| | - Stella M Chenet
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Amazonas, Peru; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan R Tejedo
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Amazonas, Peru; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville, Spain; Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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The influence of liver fluke infection on production in sheep and cattle: a meta-analysis. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:913-924. [PMID: 33901437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver flukes (Fasciola spp.) are important parasites of ruminant livestock worldwide, causing profound damage to animal health and productivity. Many reviews have discussed the results of decades of research on the impact of fluke on livestock traits such as weight gain and milk production, but there have been no known attempts to collate previous research in a quantitative manner or to determine the factors that vary between studies that find substantial effects of fluke and others concluding that effects of fluke are negligible. Here, we use meta-analysis to provide quantitative "global" estimates of the impact of liver fluke on animal performance, and to identify elements of study design ("moderators") that influence variation between studies in their outcome. A literature search provided 233 comparisons of performance in fluke-infected and uninfected animals. We standardised these data as log response ratios and calculated effect size variances to weight studies by the accuracy of their estimates. We performed multi-level meta-analysis to estimate effects of fluke infection on daily weight gain, live weight, carcass weight, total weight gain and milk production. There were statistically-supported negative effects of fluke infection on daily weight gain, live weight and carcass weight (9%, 6% and 0.6% reductions, respectively), but not on total weight gain or milk production. A mixed-effects meta-analysis revealed that studies of younger animals found more severe effects of fluke on weight gain and that effects on live weight increased with time since infection. Limitations to the data that could be analysed, including a lack of statistical reporting in older papers and variation in the outcome variables measured, may have explained the relatively limited influence of modifiers that we detected. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the first quantitative estimate of the impact of liver fluke on performance across studies and highlight some elements of study design that can influence conclusions.
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Arias-Pacheco C, Lucas JR, Rodríguez A, Córdoba D, Lux-Hoppe EG. Economic impact of the liver condemnation of cattle infected with Fasciola hepatica in the Peruvian Andes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1927-1932. [PMID: 31965412 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a zoonotic food- and waterborne infection related to great economic losses on ruminant production. In order to determine the prevalence of bovine liver condemnations due to fasciolosis in an abattoir at the Central Andes of Peru, we evaluated the records of an authorized slaughterhouse in Huancayo, at 3300 m above sea level, over 16 months. Subsequently, the average weights of condemned viscera and carcasses were also estimated to determine the direct and indirect economic losses. Fasciolosis was the main cause of liver condemnation, with a prevalence of 55.72% (3926/7046; CI 95%: 56.88-54.56%). The livers infected were more than double the amount of livers supplied to markets in this period. Although the average price of liver in the Peruvian Andes is very cheap, approximately 16.45 tons of livers were destroyed, estimating a direct economic loss of US$ 35,080 (CI 95%: US$ 29,178-40,938). The indirect loss due to decreased body weight gain (calculated using 10% of the average weight of a healthy animal carcass) was estimated at US$ 354,570 (CI 95%: US$ 387,908-US$ 321,227). Fasciolosis is an important zoonotic disease that threatens food security in the Andean region, with major repercussions on the income of the livestock industry and the availability of cheap protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Arias-Pacheco
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, São Paulo State, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - J Raúl Lucas
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Av. Circunvalación 2800, Lima, Peru.
| | | | | | - Estevam G Lux-Hoppe
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, São Paulo State, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Lee AM, Wolfe A, Cassidy JP, McV Messam LL, Moriarty JP, O'Neill R, Fahy C, Connaghan E, Cousens C, Dagleish MP, McElroy MC. First confirmation by PCR of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus in Ireland and prevalence of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in adult sheep at slaughter. Ir Vet J 2017; 70:33. [PMID: 29270288 PMCID: PMC5735933 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-017-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), is characterised by the development of invariably fatal lung tumours primarily in adult sheep. High infection rates and disease prevalence can develop during initial infection of flocks, leading to on-farm economic losses and animal welfare issues in sheep with advanced disease. The disease has been reported in Ireland and is notifiable, but the presence of JSRV has never been confirmed using molecular methods in this country. Additionally, due to the difficulties in ante-mortem diagnosis (especially of latently-infected animals, or those in the very early stages of disease), accurate information regarding national prevalence and distribution is unavailable. This study aimed to confirm the presence of JSRV in Ireland and to obtain estimates regarding prevalence and distribution by means of an abattoir survey utilising gross examination, histopathology, JSRV-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and SU protein specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) to examine the lungs of adult sheep. Results Lungs from 1911 adult sheep were examined macroscopically in the abattoir and 369 were removed for further testing due to the presence of gross lesions of any kind. All 369 were subject to histopathology and RT-PCR, and 46 to IHC. Thirty-one lungs (31/1911, 1.6%) were positive for JSRV by RT-PCR and/or IHC but only ten cases of OPA were confirmed (10/1911, 0.5%) Four lung tumours not associated with JSRV were also identified. JSRV-positive sheep tended to cluster within the same flocks, and JSRV-positive sheep were identified in the counties of Donegal, Kerry, Kilkenny, Offaly, Tipperary, Waterford and Wicklow. Conclusions The presence of JSRV has been confirmed in the Republic of Ireland for the first time using molecular methods (PCR) and IHC. In addition, an estimate of OPA prevalence in sheep at slaughter and information regarding distribution of JSRV infection has been obtained. The prevalence estimate appears similar to that of the United Kingdom (UK). Results also indicate that the virus has a diverse geographical distribution throughout Ireland. These data highlights the need for further research to establish national control and monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Marie Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 W6F6 Ireland
| | - Alan Wolfe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 W6F6 Ireland
| | - Joseph P Cassidy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 W6F6 Ireland
| | - Locksley L McV Messam
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 W6F6 Ireland
| | - John P Moriarty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH Ireland
| | - Ronan O'Neill
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH Ireland
| | - Claire Fahy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH Ireland
| | - Emily Connaghan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH Ireland
| | - Chris Cousens
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ Scotland, UK
| | - Mark P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ Scotland, UK
| | - Maire C McElroy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH Ireland
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