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Huang X, Wang J, Xue F, Zhao X, Shi Z, Liang Q, Wang H, Zhao Z. Investigating the Dewatering Efficiency of Sewage Sludge with Optimized Ratios of Electrolytic Manganese Residue Components. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3605. [PMID: 39063897 PMCID: PMC11278772 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
As an industrial waste residue, Electrolytic Manganese Residue (EMR) can greatly promote sludge dewatering and further particle-size optimization can significantly strengthen sludge dewaterability. In this study, the effects of ammonium sulfate, calcium sulphate dihydrate, and manganese carbonate in EMR on sludge dewatering performance were investigated using the response surface optimization method. It was found that the optimized ratio of three components in EMR was 1.0:1.6:2.2 based on capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance of filtration (SRF), and zeta potential of dewatered sludge. The composition ratio of particle-size optimized EMR was modified based on the above optimization, resulting in a significant increase in sludge dewatering performance (CST and SRF reduced by 8.7% and 11.2%, respectively). Compared with those in original sludge, the content of bound extracellular polymeric substances in the conditioned sludge with optimized ratio was drastically reduced while that of soluble extracellular polymeric substances was slightly increased, which was in accordance with the decline of fluorescence intensity. These findings indicated the disintegration of extracellular polymeric substances, the enhancement of hydrophobicity, and dewatering properties of the sludge. In summary, optimized EMR can effectively intensify the dewaterability of sludge, providing a competitive solution for dewatering and further disposal of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuquan Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (H.W.)
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (H.W.)
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (H.W.)
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (H.W.)
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Ziyao Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (H.W.)
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Qingyang Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (H.W.)
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (H.W.)
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Hong Y, Cheng H, Huangfu X, Li L, He Q. Inhibition of phosphorus removal performance in activated sludge by Fe(III) exposure: transitions in dominant metabolic pathways. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1424938. [PMID: 38933032 PMCID: PMC11201142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1424938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Simultaneous chemical phosphorus removal process using iron salts (Fe(III)) has been widely utilized in wastewater treatment to meet increasingly stringent discharge standards. However, the inhibitory effect of Fe(III) on the biological phosphorus removal system remains a topic of debate, with its precise mechanism yet to be fully understood. Methods Batch and long-term exposure experiments were conducted in six sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) operating for 155 days. Synthetic wastewater containing various Fe/P ratios (i.e., Fe/P = 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, and 2) was slowly poured into the SBRs during the experimental period to assess the effects of acute and chronic Fe(III) exposure on polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) growth and phosphorus metabolism. Results Experimental results revealed that prolonged Fe(III) exposure induced a transition in the dominant phosphorus removal mechanism within activated sludge, resulting in a diminished availability of phosphorus for bio-metabolism. In Fe(III)-treated groups, intracellular phosphorus storage ranged from 3.11 to 7.67 mg/g VSS, representing only 26.01 to 64.13% of the control. Although the abundance of widely reported PAOs (Candidatus Accumulibacter) was 30.15% in the experimental group, phosphorus release and uptake were strongly inhibited by high dosage of Fe(III). Furthermore, the abundance of functional genes associated with key enzymes in the glycogen metabolism pathway increased while those related to the polyphosphate metabolism pathway decreased under chronic Fe(III) stress. Discussion These findings collectively suggest that the energy generated from polyhydroxyalkanoates oxidation in PAOs primarily facilitated glycogen metabolism rather than promoting phosphorus uptake. Consequently, the dominant metabolic pathway of communities shifted from polyphosphate-accumulating metabolism to glycogen-accumulating metabolism as the major contributor to the decreased biological phosphorus removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Huang X, Yang Z, Dai W, Song W, Gan Y, Lian Z, Zhou W, Wu Z, Chen L, Bai X. Mediated biosynthesis of CdS QDs by EPS from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans sub sp. under carbon source-induced reinforcement. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132146. [PMID: 37499495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a unique molecular mechanism for the EPS-mediated synthesis of CdS QDs by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) under carbon source-induced reinforcement. Under the induced by carbon sources (HCOONa, CH3COONa and C6H12O6), there was a significant increase in EPS production of SRB, particularly in protein, and the capacity of Cd(II) adsorption was further enhanced. CdS QDs were extracellularly synthesized by adding S2- after Cd(II) adsorption. The results showed that CdS QDs were wrapped or adhered by EPS, and the most significant increase in Arg and Lys among basic amino acids in EPS after HCOONa-induced was 133.34% and 63.89%, respectively. This may serve as a biological template for QD synthesis, producing protein gels with a large number of microcavities and controlling the nucleation of CdS QDs. The highest yield of HCOONa-CdS was achieved after induction, with 23.59 g/g biomass per unit strain, which was 447.34% higher than that before induction and was at a high level in previous studies. The synthesized CdS QDs were uniform in size distribution and had higher luminescence activity and a larger specific surface area than those synthesized by the chemical synthesis route, provides a new idea for EPS treatment of heavy metal wastewater and metal biorecovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwu Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zuoyi Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wencan Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Weifeng Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yu Gan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zeyang Lian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Liyao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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Li Y, Liu X, Cui Z, Zheng Y, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhu S, Chu PK, Wu S. Inflammation and Microbiota Regulation Potentiate Pneumonia Therapy by Biomimetic Bacteria and Macrophage Membrane Nanosystem. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0096. [PMID: 36996334 PMCID: PMC10042321 DOI: 10.34133/research.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
While conventional nanosystems can target infected lung tissue, they cannot achieve precise cellular targeting and enhanced therapy by modulating inflammation and microbiota for effective therapy. Here, we designed a nucleus-targeted nanosystem with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species stimuli-response to treat pneumonia coinfected with bacteria and virus that is enhanced through inflammation and microbiota regulation. The nucleus-targeted biomimetic nanosystem was prepared through the combined bacteria-macrophage membrane and loaded hypericin and ATP-responsive dibenzyl oxalate (MMHP) subsequently. The MMHP despoiled the Mg2+ of intracellular cytoplasm in bacteria to achieve an effective bactericidal performance. Meanwhile, MMHP can target the cell nucleus and inhibit the H1N1 virus duplication by inhibiting the activity of nucleoprotein. MMHP possessed an immunomodulatory ability to reduce the inflammatory response and activate CD8+ T cells for assisted infection elimination. During the mice model, the MMHP effectively treated pneumonia coinfected with Staphylococcus aureus and H1N1 virus. Meanwhile, MMHP mediated the composition of gut microbiota to enhance the pneumonia therapy. Therefore, the dual stimuli-responsive MMHP possessed promising clinical translational potential to therapy infectious pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340, Beichen District, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Zhang R, Wang X, Ali A, Su J, Wang Z, Li J, Liu Y. Single-step removal of calcium, fluoride, and phenol from contaminated water by Aquabacterium sp. CZ3 via facultative anaerobic microbially induced calcium precipitation: Kinetics, mechanism, and characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127707. [PMID: 35905871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Confronting the complex contaminated water, Aquabacterium sp. CZ3 could perform microbially induced calcium precipitation (MICP) under facultative anaerobic condition using phenol as supplementary carbon source. Strain CZ3 exhibited a remarkable ability to remove nitrate, fluoride, calcium and phenol with removal rates of 100.00, 87.50, 66.24 and 100.00%, respectively. The Modified Gompertz model was used for kinetic analysis to determine the optimum conditions for denitrification and degradation of phenol. The mechanism of anaerobic MICP was enhanced by measuring the self-aggregation properties of the isolates. The mechanism of fluoride removal was identified as co-precipitation and adsorption by characterization analysis of the bioprecipitation. Furthermore, the changes in soluble metabolites under phenol stress explained the utilization of phenol as a co-substrate by microorganisms. This is a novel report on phenol degradation by anaerobic MICP, which provides a theoretical basis for expanding its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xumian Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Wang H, Wu P, Zheng D, Deng L, Wang W. N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone (AHL)-Mediated Microalgal-Bacterial Communication Driving Chlorella-Activated Sludge Bacterial Biofloc Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12645-12655. [PMID: 35881886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) as autoinducers of Gram-negative bacteria for quorum sensing regulation have shown positive effects on the production of aromatic proteins in extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) during bioflocculation. To investigate the role of AHLs in aromatic protein production, a Chlorella-bacteria system with great bioflocculation was established via fed-batch cultivation. Tryptophan and aromatic proteins as the main compounds in the EPS of bioflocs showed an increasing trend during fed-batch cultivation. The Chlorella cells only secreted tryptophan rather than aromatic proteins during axenic cultivation. N-dodecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) was correlated with the flocculation activity and extracellular protein content of bioflocs during fed-batch cultivation. The addition of exogenous C12-HSL enhanced the flocculation activity of the Chlorella-bacteria system and aromatic protein production in the EPS. Chlorella cells sensed exogenous C12-HSL and significantly upregulated the aromatic protein synthesis pathway during axenic cultivation. In addition, vanillin as a quorum-sensing inhibitor suppressed the positive effect of C12-HSL on flocculation activity and aromatic protein production and synthesis. This result indicated that vanillin intercepts the response of Chlorella cells to C12-HSL. Overall, C12-HSL is supposed to be an important signal molecule to achieve communication between Chlorella and Gram-negative bacteria and subsequently induce Chlorella cells to produce aromatic proteins for biofloc formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Peike Wu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangwei Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenguo Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
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He J, Zhang P, Zou X, Zhong Y, Pan X, Pang H, Zhang J, Cui X, Wu X, Li B, Tang X, Xiao X. Impact of divalent cations on lysozyme-induced solubilisation of waste-activated sludge: Perspectives of extracellular polymeric substances and surface electronegativity. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134841. [PMID: 35525448 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme hydrolysis can accelerate waste-activated sludge (WAS) solubilisation, which can significantly shorten the process and promote the efficiency of anaerobic digestion. This study investigated the impact of divalent cations on lysozyme-induced solubilisation of WAS. The performance of lysozyme pretreatment was dramatically inhibited by Mg2+ and Ca2+. Compared to the control group, the amount of net SCOD, protein, and polysaccharides released to the supernatant were reduced by 36.6%, 44.7%, and 35.8%, respectively, in the presence of divalent cations. The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix became tightly bound, resulting in fewer proteins and polysaccharides being extracted from loosely-bound EPS (LB-EPS) with divalent cations, which was detrimental to the solubilisation of WAS. Divalent cations decreased the surface electronegativity of sludge particles and prolonged the adsorption of lysozymes by sludge flocs. More than 16.6% of total lysozymes remained in the liquid phase of WAS after 240 min Mg2+ and Ca2+ strengthened the binding among proteins and polysaccharides and promoted the intermolecular cross-linking of polysaccharides. The EPS matrix formed a dense spatial reticular structure that blocked the transfer of lysozymes from the EPS matrix to the pellet. As a result, the lysozymes accumulated in LB-EPS rather than hydrolysing the microorganism's cell wall. This study provides a new perspective on the restriction of WAS pretreatment with lysozymes and optimises the method of lysozyme-induced solubilisation of WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xiang Zou
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yijie Zhong
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xinlei Pan
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Heliang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xuewei Wu
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification Co.,LTD, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Biqing Li
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification Co.,LTD, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Xia Tang
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification Co.,LTD, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Xiannian Xiao
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification Co.,LTD, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
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Arunrat N, Sansupa C, Kongsurakan P, Sereenonchai S, Hatano R. Soil Microbial Diversity and Community Composition in Rice-Fish Co-Culture and Rice Monoculture Farming System. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081242. [PMID: 36009869 PMCID: PMC9404718 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The integration of fish in rice fields can influence the diversity and structural composition of soil microbial communities. Therefore, soil microorganisms between rice–fish co-culture (RF) and rice monoculture (MC) were compared. The key findings revealed that Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes were the most dominant taxa across both paddy fields. The most abundant genus in MC belonged to Anaeromyxobacter, whereas that in RF was Bacillus. Nitrogen fixation, aromatic compound degradation, and hydrocarbon degradation were more abundant in RF. Phosphatase, β-glucosidase, cellulase, and urease enzymes were detected in both paddy fields. However, a 2-year conversion from organic rice to rice–fish co-culture may not be long enough to significantly alter alpha diversity indices. Abstract Soil microorganisms play an important role in determining nutrient cycling. The integration of fish into rice fields can influence the diversity and structural composition of soil microbial communities. However, regarding the rice–fish co-culture (RF) farming system in Thailand, the study of the diversity and composition of soil microbes is still limited. Here, we aim to compare the microbial diversity, community composition, and functional structure of the bacterial communities between RF and rice monoculture (MC) farming systems and identify the environmental factors shaping bacterial community composition. Bacterial taxonomy was observed using 16s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the functional structures of the bacterial communities were predicted based on their taxonomy and sequences. The results showed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen (TN), organic matter, available phosphorous, and clay content were significantly higher in RF than in MC. The most dominant taxa across both paddy rice fields belonged to Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes. The taxa Nitrosporae, Rokubacteria, GAL15, and Elusimicrobia were significantly different between both rice fields. At the genus level, Bacillus, Anaeromyxobacter, and HSB OF53-F07 were the predominant genera in both rice fields. The most abundant genus in MC was Anaeromyxobacter, whereas RF belonged to Bacillus. The community composition in MC was positively correlated with magnesium and sand content, while in RF was positively correlated with pH, TN, and clay content. Nitrogen fixation, aromatic compound degradation, and hydrocarbon degradation were more abundant in RF, while cellulolysis, nitrification, ureolysis, and phototrophy functional groups were more abundant in MC. The enzymes involved in paddy soil ecosystems included phosphatase, β-glucosidase, cellulase, and urease. These results provide novel insights into integrated fish in the paddy field as an efficient agricultural development strategy for enhancing soil microorganisms that increase soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppol Arunrat
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Chakriya Sansupa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Praeploy Kongsurakan
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1–14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852–8521, Japan
| | - Sukanya Sereenonchai
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Ryusuke Hatano
- Laboratory of Soil Science, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060–8589, Japan
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Xu X, Zhang L, Zhang X, Guan X, Wei D. Effect of Mn 2+ on the phosphorus removal and bioflocculation under anoxic condition. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 115:37-46. [PMID: 34969464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese ion (Mn2+) generated from metallurgical, steel making and chemical industries enters sewage treatment plants and affects the sludge activity and flocculation. The effect of Mn2+ on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) and sludge activity were investigated in anoxic zone of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process. The compositions and structures of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were characterized using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to reveal the relationship among Mn2+, EPS and sludge flocculation. The results showed that low concentration of Mn2+ (<5 mg/L) improved removal efficiencies of COD and TP and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, the addition of Mn2+ increased total EPS, sludge contact angle, Zeta potential and sludge particle size, and thus enhanced sludge flocculation. However, high concentration of Mn2+ (>10 mg/L) hindered microbial flocculation and reduced removal efficiencies of the pollutants. When Mn2+was 5 mg/L, removal efficiencies of COD and TP reached 65% and 90%, respectively. Sludge flocculation was the best and SVI was 70.56 mL/g. The changes of Mn2+ concentration caused deviation of groups' compositions in LB-EPS and TB-EPS, where the main components were always protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS). The addition of Mn2+ resulted in the degradation of humic acids. However, it did not give rise to significant morphology changes of EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- School of Resources& Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Lanhe Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Xiaohui Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Dezhou Wei
- School of Resources& Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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10
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Geng H, Xu Y, Zheng L, Liu H, Dai X. Cation exchange resin pretreatment enhancing methane production from anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118130. [PMID: 35121416 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of anaerobic digestion (AD) to treat waste activated sludge (WAS) still exhibits some limitations, such as low methane production. In this study, cation exchange resin (CER) pretreatment was explored to enhance the efficiency of the AD of WAS. Based on the response surface methodology, the optimal conditions for CER pretreatment were reaction time of 7.4 h, 33.8 g CER (wet weight) /g volatile solids and sludge total solids of 2.4%. Under these optimal CER pretreatment conditions, approximately 30% of metals were removed from the WAS, particularly organic-binding metals. This metal removal disrupted the structures of extracellular polymer substances and led to sludge deflocculation, thereby releasing large amounts of organic substances from the sludge solids. Batch AD experiments showed that CER pretreatment increased the maximal production of volatile fatty acids and methane by 565.7% and 80.5%, respectively. Additionally, CER pretreatment promoted each stage of AD (i.e. solubilisation, hydrolysis, acidification and methanation) and the corresponding activities of key enzymes. Experimental results for semi-continuous AD further confirmed that CER pretreatment enhanced the proportion of methane in the biogas (from 62.75 ± 2.14% to 73.96 ± 0.99%) and the production of methane. An analysis of changes in the microbial communities demonstrated that CER pretreatment enhanced the abundance of microorganisms involved in hydrolysis, acidification and acetification and changed the major methanogenic pathway from acetoclastic methanogens to methylotrophic methanogens. These findings are expected to provide a reference for developing new pretreatment methods for enhancing anaerobic biodegradability of organic matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Linke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; East China Architecture Design & Research Institute, Shanghai 200002 China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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11
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Xing L, Yang J, Ni BJ, Yang C, Yuan C, Li A. Insight into the generation and consumption mechanism of tightly bound and loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances by mathematical modeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152359. [PMID: 34921879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The quantity of tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) and loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) are recognized to be crucial for activated sludge flocculability and settleability. However, the generation and consumption mechanisms of TB-EPS and LB-EPS are vague, and there is no effective model to quantitatively predict LB-EPS and TB-EPS. In this work, a decrease in LB-EPS and TB-EPS was verified to increase the absolute value of the zeta potential and decrease the sludge settling volume, which affects the flocculation and settling performance of sludge. Hence, we comparatively developed, calibrated and validated two different mathematical model structure (named expanded unified model-TL1 and expanded unified model-TL2), aiming to systematically reveal the generation and consumption mechanism of TB-EPS and LB-EPS and quantitatively predict changes of TB-EPS and LB-EPS. On the basis of microbial physiology and the existing literature, two different mechanisms of the generation and consumption of TB-EPS and LB-EPS are described. According to the validation performed, expanded unified model-TL2 fit better with experimental TB-EPS and LB-EPS, which described with the hypotheses: (i) TB-EPS and LB-EPS are simultaneously generated while activate biomass growth on external substrate, (ii) LB-EPS can also be hydrolyzed by TB-EPS, and (iii) Biomass-associated products (BAP) are hydrolyzed by LB-EPS, and it was further proven to be more realistic from the perspective of microbial physiology. This study systematically revealed the generation and consumption mechanism of TB-EPS and LB-EPS by mathematical modeling, and provides a basis for regulating the concentrations of them to improve sludge settling capacity and system stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Wang H, Deng L, Qi Z, Wang W. Constructed microalgal-bacterial symbiotic (MBS) system: Classification, performance, partnerships and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150082. [PMID: 34525774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The microalgal-bacterial symbiotic (MBS) system shows great advantages in the synchronous implementation of wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery. To enhance the understanding of different MBS systems, this review summarizes reported MBS systems and proposes three patterns according to the living state of microalgae and bacteria. They are free microalgal-bacterial (FMB) system, attached microalgal-bacterial (AMB) system and bioflocculated microalgal-bacterial (BMB) system. Compared with the other two patterns, BMB system shows the advantages of microalgal biomass harvesting and application. To further understand the microalgal-bacterial partnerships in the bioflocculation of BMB system, this review discusses bioflocs characteristics, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties and production, and the effect of microalgae/bacteria ratio and microalgal strains on the formation of bioflocculation. Microalgal biomass production and application are important for BMB system development in the future. Food processing wastewater characterized by high biodegradability and low toxicity should be conducive for microalgal cultivation. In addition, exogenous addition of functional bacteria for nutrient removal and bioflocculation formation would be a crucial research direction to facilitate the large-scale application of BMB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Liangwei Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Wenguo Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China.
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13
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Zhen J, Cui Q, Liu X, Yu Z, Wang C, Ni SQ. Unravelling the importance of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ as essential in anammox culture medium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125729. [PMID: 34391189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism and nitrogen removal performance of anammox process under different concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were explored from the perspective of molecular biology analysis based on the metabolic changes of the second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP). After 100-day operation, reactor with 98 mg/L Ca2+ and 30 mg/L Mg2+ achieved a higher anammox performance with an average total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 85.8%. Under the Mg2+concentration of 30 mg/L, a higher Ca2+ could accelerate anammox process by promoting the amplification of Candidatus Brocadia (0.62%) and production of Diguanylate cyclase (DGC-s: 6.54 × 108 copies/μL DNA) which function was to synthesize c-di-GMP. While under the Ca2+concentration of 49 mg/L, Mg2+ concentration at appropriate rang could promote the degradation process of c-di-GMP. Since Ca2+ had positive linear relationship with TN removal (R2 = 0.96), a higher Ca2+ concentration is recommended in the culture medium. This study provided a potential method for optimization of anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyuan Zhen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052 China
| | - Qingjie Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Environmental Protection, Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Ltd. (SDEPCI), Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zhenbin Yu
- Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266510, China
| | - Cunfeng Wang
- Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266510, China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052 China.
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14
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Arshad Z, Maqbool T, Shin KH, Kim SH, Hur J. Using stable isotope probing and fluorescence spectroscopy to examine the roles of substrate and soluble microbial products in extracellular polymeric substance formation in activated sludge process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147875. [PMID: 34134356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used stable isotope-labeled soluble microbial products (SMP) and substrates to explore their assimilation into the formation of new biological products (i.e., extracellular polymeric substances and biomass) in two adjacent sequencing batch reactors. The isotope labeling approach along with fluorescence spectroscopy allowed us to distinguish between refractory and labile portions of SMP constituents as well as their roles in the formation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Comparison of SMP fluorescence and the specific UV absorbance values between the two reactors revealed the presence of humic-like aromatic substances in the non-consumable part of SMP, which can be ultimately released as effluent organic matter. Parallel factor analysis modeling of fluorescence spectra showed that the hydrolysis of EPS contents mostly resulted in humic-like components in SMP rather than protein-like components, which were initially abundant in EPS (>80%). From variations in carbon and nitrogen isotopic contents in EPS and biomass, it was found that carbon-containing substrates were enriched faster than their nitrogenous counterparts. The contributions to new EPS formation reached 87.5% for carbon and 60.5% for nitrogen. Meanwhile, the isotopic tracking of the labeled SMP revealed that only 11.0% and 11.9% of carbon and 13.3% and 11.6% of nitrogen from the influent SMP were finally assimilated into EPS and biomass, respectively. In contrast, the isotopic enrichment in SMP was higher (~50%) than that of EPS and biomass, indicating the low bioavailability and refractory nature of the feed SMP. This study proposed a promising approach for estimating the relative contributions of different forms of labile substrate and SMP to the formation of EPS in activated sludge processes. This approach could be suggested as a versatile method for establishing the kinetics, substrate element flow, mass balance on organic substrates and nutrients, as well as for tracking the consumption and uptake pathways of hazardous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Arshad
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Kyung Hoon Shin
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi do 15588, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Kim
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi do 15588, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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15
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Lin X, Su C, Deng X, Wu S, Tang L, Li X, Liu J, Huang X. Influence of polyether sulfone microplastics and bisphenol A on anaerobic granular sludge: Performance evaluation and microbial community characterization. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111318. [PMID: 32979806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The retention of polyether sulfone (PES) and bisphenol A (BPA) in wastewater has received extensive attention. The effects of PES and BPA on the removal of organic matter by anaerobic granular sludge were investigated. We also analyzed the changes in the electron transport system and the effects on the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), as well as alternations of the microbial community in the anaerobic granular sludge. In the experimental groups which received BPA, the removal of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were significantly suppressed, which an average removal efficiency of less than 65%, 30% lower than that of the control group. In the loosely-bound EPS (LB-EPS) excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra, the absorption peak of tryptophan disappeared when the BPA pollutants was added, which it was present in the control group without added pollutants. The addition of PES and BPA also affected protease, acetate kinase, and coenzyme F420 activities in the anaerobic granular sludge. Especially, the coenzyme F420 reduced from 0.0045 to 0.0017 μmol/L in the presence of PES and BPA. The relative abundance of Spirochaetes decreased in the presence of PES and BPA, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased from 12.98% to 22.87%. At the genus level, in the presence of PES and BPA, the relative abundance of Acinetobacter increased from 2.20% to 9.64% and Hydrogenophaga decreased sharply from 15.58% to 0.12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China; University Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environmental Change of Guangxi Province (Guangxi Normal University), 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Xue Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Shumin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Linqin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xinjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
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