1
|
Latif EA, Hilgar JD, Romero NA. Synthesis and Photochemical Uncaging of Alkene-Protected, Polymer-Bound Vicinal Frustrated Lewis Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24764-24769. [PMID: 39186110 PMCID: PMC11403618 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric materials bearing Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) functionality are promising candidates for use as heterogeneous catalysts and adaptive materials, but synthetic access to FLP-functional polymers remains limited due to the incompatibility of FLPs with standard polymerization chemistries. Herein, we describe a synthetic approach that "cages" highly reactive vicinal phosphine-borane FLPs as covalent alkene adducts, which are stable to Ni-mediated vinyl addition polymerization. We discovered that the caged FLP adducts can be photochemically activated to liberate vicinal FLPs, enabling spatiotemporally controlled release of FLPs from polymeric precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Latif
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeremy D Hilgar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan A Romero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fehér Z, Richter D, Dargó G, Kupai J. Factors influencing the performance of organocatalysts immobilised on solid supports: A review. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:2129-2142. [PMID: 39224231 PMCID: PMC11368055 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis has become a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry, providing a cost-effective alternative to traditional catalytic methods. The immobilisation of organocatalysts offers the potential to increase catalyst reusability and efficiency in organic reactions. This article reviews the key parameters that influence the effectiveness of immobilised organocatalysts, including the type of support, immobilisation techniques and the resulting interactions. In addition, the influence of these factors on catalytic activity, selectivity and recyclability is discussed, providing an insight into optimising the performance of immobilised organocatalysts for practical applications in organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Fehér
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Richter
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Dargó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Kupai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen B, Jäkle F. Boron-Nitrogen Lewis Pairs in the Assembly of Supramolecular Macrocycles, Molecular Cages, Polymers, and 3D Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313379. [PMID: 37815889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Covering an exceptionally wide range of bond strengths, the dynamic nature and facile tunability of dative B-N bonds is highly attractive when it comes to the assembly of supramolecular polymers and materials. This Minireview offers an overview of advances in the development of functional materials where Lewis pairs (LPs) play a key role in their assembly and critically influence their properties. Specifically, we describe the reversible assembly of linear polymers with interesting optical, electronic and catalytic properties, discrete macrocycles and molecular cages that take up diverse guest molecules and undergo structural changes triggered by external stimuli, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with intriguing interlocked structures that can embed and separate gases such as CO2 and acetylene, and soft polymer networks that serve as recyclable, self-healing, and responsive thermosets, gels and elastomeric materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beijia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lamač M, Urbán B, Horáček M, Bůžek D, Leonová L, Stýskalík A, Vykydalová A, Škoch K, Kloda M, Mahun A, Kobera L, Lang K, Londesborough MGS, Demel J. "Activated Borane": A Porous Borane Cluster Polymer as an Efficient Lewis Acid-Based Catalyst. ACS Catal 2023; 13:14614-14626. [PMID: 38026813 PMCID: PMC10660343 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Borane cluster-based porous covalent networks, named activated borane (ActB), were prepared by cothermolysis of decaborane(14) (nido-B10H14) and selected hydrocarbons (toluene, ActB-Tol; cyclohexane, ActB-cyHx; and n-hexane, ActB-nHx) under anaerobic conditions. These amorphous solid powders exhibit different textural and Lewis acid (LA) properties that vary depending on the nature of the constituent organic linker. For ActB-Tol, its LA strength even approaches that of the commonly used molecular LA, B(C6F5)3. Most notably, ActBs can act as heterogeneous LA catalysts in hydrosilylation/deoxygenation reactions with various carbonyl substrates as well as in the gas-phase dehydration of ethanol. These studies reveal the potential of ActBs in catalytic applications, showing (a) the possibility for tuning catalytic reaction outcomes (selectivity) in hydrosilylation/deoxygenation reactions by changing the material's composition and (b) the very high activity toward ethanol dehydration that exceeds the commonly used γ-Al2O3 by achieving a stable conversion of ∼93% with a selectivity for ethylene production of ∼78% during a 17 h continuous period on stream at 240 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lamač
- Department
of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences Dolejškova 2155, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Béla Urbán
- Department
of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences Dolejškova 2155, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Horáček
- Department
of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences Dolejškova 2155, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Bůžek
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Leonová
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Stýskalík
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Vykydalová
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Škoch
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Kloda
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Andrii Mahun
- Department
of Structural Analysis, Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kobera
- Department
of Structural Analysis, Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Lang
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Michael G. S. Londesborough
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Demel
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vidal F, Smith S, Williams CK. Ring Opening Copolymerization of Boron-Containing Anhydride with Epoxides as a Controlled Platform to Functional Polyesters. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37311063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron-functionalized polymers are used in opto-electronics, biology, and medicine. Methods to produce boron-functionalized and degradable polyesters remain exceedingly rare but relevant where (bio)dissipation is required, for example, in self-assembled nanostructures, dynamic polymer networks, and bio-imaging. Here, a boronic ester-phthalic anhydride and various epoxides (cyclohexene oxide, vinyl-cyclohexene oxide, propene oxide, allyl glycidyl ether) undergo controlled ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP), catalyzed by organometallic complexes [Zn(II)Mg(II) or Al(III)K(I)] or a phosphazene organobase. The polymerizations are well controlled allowing for the modulation of the polyester structures (e.g., by epoxide selection, AB, or ABA blocks), molar masses (9.4 < Mn < 40 kg/mol), and uptake of boron functionalities (esters, acids, "ates", boroxines, and fluorescent groups) in the polymer. The boronic ester-functionalized polymers are amorphous, with high glass transition temperatures (81 < Tg < 224 °C) and good thermal stability (285 < Td < 322 °C). The boronic ester-polyesters are deprotected to yield boronic acid- and borate-polyesters; the ionic polymers are water soluble and degradable under alkaline conditions. Using a hydrophilic macro-initiator in alternating epoxide/anhydride ROCOP, and lactone ring opening polymerization, produces amphiphilic AB and ABC copolyesters. Alternatively, the boron-functionalities are subjected to Pd(II)-catalyzed cross-couplings to install fluorescent groups (BODIPY). The utility of this new monomer as a platform to construct specialized polyesters materials is exemplified here in the synthesis of fluorescent spherical nanoparticles that self-assemble in water (Dh = 40 nm). The selective copolymerization, variable structural composition, and adjustable boron loading represent a versatile technology for future explorations of degradable, well-defined, and functional polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sevven Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma H, Wang B, Qi J, Pan Y, Chen C. Fabrication of Mechanically Strong Silica Aerogels with the Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) Method of Poly(methyl methacrylate). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103778. [PMID: 37241407 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Constructing and maintaining a three-dimensional network structure with high porosity is critical to the preparation of silica aerogel materials because this structure provides excellent properties. However, due to the pearl-necklace-like structure and narrow interparticle necks, aerogels have poor mechanical strength and a brittle nature. Developing and designing lightweight silica aerogels with distinct mechanical properties is significant to extend their practical applications. In this work, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from a mixture of ethanol and water was used to strengthen the skeletal network of aerogels. Strong and lightweight PMMA-modified silica aerogels were synthesized via the TIPS method and supercritically dried with carbon dioxide. The cloud point temperature of PMMA solutions, physical characteristics, morphological properties, microstructure, thermal conductivities, and mechanical properties were investigated. The resultant composited aerogels not only exhibit a homogenous mesoporous structure but also achieve a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The addition of PMMA increased the flexural strength and compressive strength by as much as 120% and 1400%, respectively, with the greatest amount of PMMA (Mw = 35,000 g/mole), while the density just increased by 28%. Overall, this research suggests that the TIPS method has great efficiency in reinforcing silica aerogels with less sacrifice of low density and large porosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Ma
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Green and Smart Coastal Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiarui Qi
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Green and Smart Coastal Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yiheng Pan
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Green and Smart Coastal Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Green and Smart Coastal Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma M, Zeng Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, Ma Y, Wu S, Liu C, Mai Y. Dendrimer Modification Strategy Based on the Understanding of the Photovoltaic Mechanism of a Perovskite Device under Full Sun and Indoor Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37197996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The wide-band-gap inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite material provides a highly matched absorption range with the indoor light spectrum and is expected to be used in the fabrication of highly efficient indoor photovoltaic cells (IPVs) and self-powered low-power Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. However, the defects that cause nonradiative recombination and ion migration are assumed to form leakage loss channels, resulting in a severe impact on the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and the fill factor (FF) of IPVs. Herein, we introduce poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with multiple passivation sites to fully repair the leakage channels in the devices, taking into account the characteristics of IPVs that are extremely sensitive to nonradiative recombination and shunt resistance. The as-optimized IPVs demonstrate a promising PCE of 35.71% under a fluorescent light source (1000 lux), with VOC increased from 0.99 to 1.06 V and FF improved from 75.21 to 84.39%. The present work provides insight into the photovoltaic mechanism of perovskites under full sun and indoor light, which provides guidance for perovskite photovoltaic technology with industrialization prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengen Ma
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yilin Zeng
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuzhao Yang
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yujiao Ma
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaohang Wu
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaohua Mai
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hou Y, Xu H, Peng Y, Xiong H, Cai M, Wen Y, Wu Q, Wu J. Recyclable and self-healable elastomers with high mechanical performance enabled by hydrogen-bonded rigid structure. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
|
9
|
Ionic liquid/high-density polyethylene composite supported molybdenum complex: a powerful, highly stable and easy recoverable catalyst. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
10
|
Huang J, Zhu X, Wang Y, Min Y, Li X, Zhang R, Qi D, Hua Z, Chen T. Compartmentalization of incompatible catalysts by micelles from bottlebrush copolymers for one-pot cascade catalysis. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Hou Y, Liu H, Peng Y, Zhang J, Huang G, Wu Q, Wu J. A fast self-healing and mechanical-enhanced polyurethane via Cu-pyridine coordination. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
12
|
Dörr J, Alahmadi AF, Henkelmann M, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wagner M, Jäkle F. Oligomerization of an ansa-ferrocene with pyrazabole bridge. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2022-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ansa-ferrocenes with pyrazabole bridges are chemically robust entities and therefore suitable building blocks for the synthesis of rigid-rod polymers that combine redox-active Fe(II) centers and beltene-like faces. The specific monomers we developed bear OEt groups at both tetracoordinated boron atoms (for solubility reasons) and ethynyl substituents at the 4-positions of the two pyrazole rings. Polymerization was accomplished by a condensation reaction with 1,4-diiodobenzene using a Sonogashira-Hagihara-type protocol. Thereby, oligomers with a number-average molecular weight of Mn = 7.6 kDa and dispersity of Ð = 1.55 were obtained, suggesting an average chain length of about 14 repeating units based on gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis in THF relative to narrow polystyrene standards. The molecular-weight determination was complemented by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and (heteronuclear) NMR spectroscopy to verify the intact pyrazabole monomer repeat units and the nature of the end-groups. The oligomers were further characterized by UV−vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, which demonstrated the successful synthesis of a new class of redox-active materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Dörr
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 9173, Department of Chemistry, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
- Rutgers University Newark, 67206, Department of Chemistry, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | | | - Marcel Henkelmann
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 9173, Department of Chemistry, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 9173, Department of Chemistry, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 9173, Department of Chemistry, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 9173, Department of Chemistry, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Rutgers University Newark, 67206, Department of Chemistry, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Horton TAR, Wang M, Shaver MP. Polymeric frustrated Lewis pairs in CO 2/cyclic ether coupling catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3845-3850. [PMID: 35432910 PMCID: PMC8966658 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are now ubiquitous as metal-free catalysts in an array of different chemical transformations. In this paper we show that this reactivity can be transferred to a polymeric system, offering advantageous opportunities at the interface between catalysis and stimuli-responsive materials. Formation of cyclic carbonates from cyclic ethers using CO2 as a C1 feedstock continues to be dominated by metal-based systems. When paired with a suitable nucleophile, discrete aryl or alkyl boranes have shown significant promise as metal-free Lewis acidic alternatives, although catalyst reuse remains illusive. Herein, we leverage the reactivity of FLPs in a polymeric system to promote CO2/cyclic ether coupling catalysis that can be tuned for the desired epoxide or oxetane substrate. Moreover, these macromolecular FLPs can be reused across multiple reaction cycles, further increasing their appeal over analogous small molecule systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A R Horton
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester UK
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester UK
| | - Michael P Shaver
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Malär AA, Sun Q, Zehnder J, Kehr G, Erker G, Wiegand T. Proton-phosphorous connectivities revealed by high-resolution proton-detected solid-state NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7768-7778. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton-detected solid-state NMR enables atomic-level insight in solid-state reactions, for instance in heterogeneous catalysis, which is fundamental for deciphering chemical reaction mechanisms. We herein introduce a phosphorus-31 radiofrequency channel in...
Collapse
|
16
|
Hilaire T, Xu Y, Mei W, Riggleman RA, Hickey RJ. Lewis Adduct-Induced Phase Transitions in Polymer/Solvent Mixtures. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 2:35-41. [PMID: 36855742 PMCID: PMC9954274 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization-induced phase transitions in polymer systems in which a postpolymerization reaction drives polymers to organize into colloidal aggregates are a versatile method to create nanoscale structures with applications related to biomedicine and nanoreactors. Current functionalization methods to stimulate polymer self-assembly are based on covalent bond formation. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative reactions that result in noncovalent bond formation. Here, we demonstrate that when the Lewis acid, tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (BCF), is added to a solution containing poly(4-diphenylphosphino styrene) (PDPPS), the system will either macrophase-separate or form micelles if PDPPS is a homopolymer or a block in a copolymer, respectively. The Lewis adduct-induced phase transition is hypothesized to result from the favorable interaction between the PDPPS and BCF, which results in a negative interaction parameter (χ). A modified Flory-Huggins model was used to determine the predicted phase behavior for a ternary system composed of a polymer, a solvent, and a small molecule. The model indicates that there is a demixing region (i.e., macrophase separation) when the polymer and small molecule have favorable interactions (e.g., χ < 0) and that the phase separation region coincides well with the experimentally determined two-phase region for mixtures containing PDPPS, BCF, and toluene. The work presented here highlights that Lewis adduct-induced phase separation is a new approach to functionalization-induced self-assembly (FISA) and that ternary mixtures will undergo phase separation if two of the components exhibit a sufficiently negative χ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tylene Hilaire
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Wenwen Mei
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert J. Hickey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States,Materials
Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yolsal U, Horton TAR, Wang M, Shaver MP. Cyclic Ether Triggers for Polymeric Frustrated Lewis Pair Gels. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12980-12984. [PMID: 34387464 PMCID: PMC8397318 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Sterically hindered
Lewis acid and base centers are unable to form
Lewis adducts, instead forming frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), where
latent reactivity can be utilized for the activation of small molecules.
Applying FLP chemistry into polymeric frameworks transforms this chemistry
into responsive and functional materials. Here, we report a versatile
synthesis strategy for the preparation of macromolecular FLPs and
explore its potential with the ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers.
Addition of the cyclic substrates triggered polymer network formation,
where the extent of cross-linking, strength of network, and reactivity
are tuned by the steric and electronic properties of the ethers. The
resultant networks behave like covalently cross-linked polymers, demonstrating
the versatility of FLPs to simultaneously tune both small-molecule
capture and mechanical properties of materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Utku Yolsal
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A R Horton
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Shaver
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 3BB, United Kingdom.,Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9BL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang J, Xu L, Xiao W, Chen Y, Dong Z, Xu J, Lei C. Ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone with recyclable and reusable squaric acid organocatalyst. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
19
|
Marková P, Uchman M. Synthesis and self-assembly of polyzwitterionic phenylboronic acid-containing double hydrophilic block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
20
|
Qu P, Kuepfert M, Ahmed E, Liu F, Weck M. Cross‐Linked Polymeric Micelles as Catalytic Nanoreactors. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Qu
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Michael Kuepfert
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Eman Ahmed
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Fangbei Liu
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York, NY 10003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu R, Wang Y, Yan Q. CO
2
‐Strengthened Double‐Cross‐Linked Polymer Gels from Frustrated Lewis Pair Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000699. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li T, Zhang W, Qin H, Lu L, Yan S, Zou Z. Inorganic Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Photocatalytic CO
2
Reduction. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taozhu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P.R. China
| | - Weining Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P.R. China
| | - Hao Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P.R. China
| | - Lei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P.R. China
| | - Shicheng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|