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da Silva FAS, Paschoini VL, Cortez TV, Corona SAM, Souza-Gabriel AE. Physicochemical and mechanical properties of preheated composite resins for luting ceramic laminates. Odontology 2024; 112:773-781. [PMID: 38305943 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed and compared the physicochemical and mechanical properties of preheated resin composite with light-cured resin cement for luting indirect restorations. 210 specimens of resin cement/resin composite were prepared according to preheating treatment heated (Htd) or not (NHtd). Light-cured resin cement (Variolink Veneer, Ivoclar), and resin composite (Microhybrid-Z100, 3 M; Nanohybrid-Empress direct, Ivoclar; and Bulk fill-Filtek One, 3 M) were used (n = 10). Resin cement specimens were not preheated. The response variables were (n = 10): film thickness, microhardness, liquid sorption and solubility. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-test (α = 0.05). Bulk fill NHtd resin had the highest film thickness values (p < 0.001). Microhybrid and nanohybrid Htd resins had the smallest thicknesses and did not differ from the cement (p > 0.05). The highest microhardness values were found for Bulk fill NHtd and Bulk fill Htd resins. The nanohybrid and microhybrid Htd resins showed the lowest microhardness values, with no difference in cement (p > 0.05). For liquid sorption, there was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.1941). The microhybrid Htd resin showed higher solubility values than the other materials (p = 0.0023), but it did not differ statistically from resin cement (p > 0.05). Preheating composite resins reduced the film thickness. After heating, nanohybrid and Bulk fill resins retained stable microhardness, sorption, and solubility values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Augusto Soares da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Leite Paschoini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Vinicius Cortez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
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Chen TA, Lu PY, Lin PY, Chi CW, Cheng HY, Lai YJ, Wang F, Chiang YC. Effects of ceramic thickness, ceramic translucency, and light transmission on light-cured bulk-fill resin composites as luting cement of lithium disilicate based-ceramics. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:255-263. [PMID: 37197947 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of ceramic thickness, ceramic translucency, and light transmission on restorative composites used as luting cement for lithium disilicate-based ceramics. METHODS Four luting types of cement were tested (n=8); a dual-cured resin cement (Multilink N), a light-cured conventional flowable composite (Tetric N-Flow), and two light-cured bulk-fill flowable composites (Tetric N-Flow Bulk Fill and X-tra base). The 20 s- or 40 s-light (1000 mW/cm2) was transmitted through 1- or 2-mm-thick high- or low-translucency (HT- or LT-) ceramic discs (IPS e.Max press) to reach the 1-mm-thick luting cement. Light transmitted to cement without ceramic served as a control. Vickers hardness number (VHN), flexural strength (FS), fractography, and degree of conversion (DC) were evaluated. One-way and multi-way analysis of variance was conducted to determine the effects of factors on VHN and FS. RESULTS Ceramic thickness, light transmission time, and cement type significantly affected the VHN of the luting cement (P < .000). Only Multilink N (LT- and HT-1mm) and Tetric N-Flow (HT-1mm) reached 90% VHN of corresponding control by 20 s-light transmissions, but Tetric N-Flow exhibited lowest VHN and approximately 1/3-1/2 VHN of Multilink N (P < 0.05). X-tra base expressed superior physicochemical properties to Tetric N-Flow Bulk Fill (P < 0.05) and reached >90% VHN of control in all conditions with 40 s-light transmissions except for LT-2 mm. DC, FS, and fractography supported these findings. CONCLUSIONS The light-cured bulk-fill composite served as a luting cement for lithium-disilicate-based ceramics in a product-dependent manner. Light transmission time is crucial to ensure sufficient luting cement polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Chen
- Division of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Lu
- Division of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Chi
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Hon Yin Cheng
- Division of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lai
- Division of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fajen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chiang
- Division of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Souza TJSD, Freitas ADS, Ferreira DMTP, Maia LC, Rabello TB. Does the use of preheated restorative resin composite as a luting agent influence the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses? A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:384-391. [PMID: 35300849 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Although studies have explored the physical and mechanical properties of different composite resins with the preheating technique, evidence that the use of preheated restorative composite resin as a luting agent influences the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to answer the question: Does the use of preheated restorative composite resin as a luting agent influence the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses? MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven databases and nonpeer-reviewed literature were searched, without language or year restrictions. Studies directly comparing the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses cemented with preheated restorative composite resin or resin cement were considered eligible for inclusion. Assessment of the risk of bias was based on a 9-item checklist. RESULTS Of 2109 retrieved articles, 4 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of them concluded that preheated restorative composite resin produced a greater mismatch than resin cement, and the remaining study reported that composite resin improved the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses. All included studies had a medium risk of bias. The high level of heterogeneity among the studies precluded meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The use of preheated restorative composite resin as a luting agent seems to negatively influence the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses. It was not possible to evaluate whether variables such as the formulation of the resin material or its heating time and temperature influence the adaptation of fixed dental prostheses because of the high heterogeneity of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Jardim Serra de Souza
- Masters student in Operative Dentistry, Department of Dental Clinic, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da Silva Freitas
- Masters student in Operative Dentistry, Department of Dental Clinic, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Masterson Tavares Pereira Ferreira
- Doctoral student, Health Information and Communication, Institute of Communication and Scientific Information and Technological in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Full Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tiago Braga Rabello
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Clinic, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Rajan AV, Parameswaran R, Khan N, Balaguru S. Microleakage Under Orthodontic Brackets Bonded Using a Conventional Adhesive System, Nanocomposites, and Nanoionomers: A Comparative Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52537. [PMID: 38371005 PMCID: PMC10874476 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Microleakage under orthodontic brackets has a role in early bracket debonding and white spot lesions due to the ingress of oral fluids in the bracket-adhesive-tooth interface. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the microleakage under orthodontic brackets bonded with the conventional adhesive system, nanocomposites, and nanoionomers. Materials and methods Forty-five human premolars were extracted for therapeutic reasons and collected for this study. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A: conventional etching with conventional adhesive, Group B: conventional etching with nanocomposite, and Group C: conventional etching with nanoionomer. Stainless steel premolar brackets were used for bonding. After thermocycling, the extracted teeth were submerged in a 0.5% solution of basic fuchsine for 24 hours. They were then cut longitudinally. A stereomicroscope was used to assess microleakage along the occlusal and gingival interfaces. Results To compare the microleakage scores between gingival and occlusal aspects within each group, the student's t-test was performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post-hoc Tukey test were applied to the data for intergroup comparison of microleakage scores. On comparing the microleakage scores, the gingival side of interfaces depicted higher microleakage than the occlusal side gingival side across all groups, demonstrating statistically significant results (P <0.05).On intergroup comparison, the occlusal bracket adhesive interface and gingival tooth adhesive interface revealed significantly higher microleakage values for Group B followed by Group C with Group A the least. However, there was no significant difference in the microleakage scores between Group B and Group C on intergroup comparison of mean microleakage scores (P <0.05). Conclusion The gingival side showed higher microleakage scores than the occlusal side. Nanoionomers showed microleakage values higher than the Transbond XT but lower than nanocomposites. Based on the results of the present study, in terms of microleakage, Transbond XT demonstrated lower microleakage when compared to nanoionomers and nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali V Rajan
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Ratna Parameswaran
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Nayeemullah Khan
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Sumitra Balaguru
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
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Seo JH, Kim KM, Kwon JS. Antibacterial and Physicochemical Properties of Orthodontic Resin Cement Containing ZnO-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092045. [PMID: 37177192 PMCID: PMC10180918 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Demineralized white lesions are a common problem when using orthodontic resin cement, which can be prevented with the addition of antibacterial substances. However, the addition of antibacterial substances such as zinc oxide alone may result in the deterioration of the resin cement's functions. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are known to be biocompatible without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the material while having the ability to load different substances. The purpose of this study was to prepare orthodontic resin cement containing HNT fillers loaded with ZnO (ZnO/HNTs) and to investigate its mechanical, physical, chemical, and antibacterial properties. A group without filler was used as a control. Three groups containing 5 wt.% of HNTs, ZnO, and ZnO/HNTs were prepared. TEM and EDS measurements were carried out to confirm the morphological structure of the HNTs and the successful loading of ZnO onto the HNTs. The mechanical, physical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of the prepared orthodontic resin cement were considered. The ZnO group had high flexural strength and water absorption but a low depth of cure (p < 0.05). The ZnO/HNTs group showed the highest shear bond strength and film thickness (p < 0.05). In the antibacterial test, the ZnO/HNTs group resulted in a significant decrease in the biofilm's metabolic activity compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). ZnO/HNTs did not affect cell viability. In addition, ZnO was cytotoxic at a concentration of 100% in the extract. The nanocomposite developed in this study exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. mutans while maintaining the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of orthodontic resin cement. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as an orthodontic resin cement that can prevent DWLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hye Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Raposo CC, Nery LMS, Carvalho EM, Ferreira PVC, Ardenghi DM, Bauer J, Lima DM. Effect of preheating on the physicochemical properties and bond strength of composite resins utilized as dental cements: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:229.e1-229.e7. [PMID: 36503853 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Little is known regarding the use of preheated composite resins to bond indirect restorations and its impact on mechanical properties when compared with resin cements. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the chemical and physical properties and bond strength to enamel and ceramics of preheated composite resins and resin cements. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two composite resins, the microhybrid Filtek Z250XT and the nanoparticulate Z350XT were tested, and 2 commercially available resin cements, the dual-polymerized Rely-X ARC and the light-polymerized Rely-X Veneer were used as controls. A device (HotSet) was used to preheat the composite resins to 69 °C before light-polymerization. The following properties were tested: flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness, microshear bond strength to enamel and ceramics, degree of conversion, flow, sorption and solubility, and color stability. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA and Holm-Sidak for multiple comparisons (α=.05). RESULTS Preheating had no significant effect on the degree of conversion, flexural strength, fracture toughness, solubility, or microshear bond strength to the enamel of the tested composite resins (P>.05). However, preheating increased the sorption and reduced the microshear bond strength to the ceramic (P<.05). The flowability of the composite resins increased with heating but showed lower values when compared with both resin cements (P<.05). Color stability was more affected in the preheated composite resins than in the resin cements. CONCLUSIONS The preheating process resulted in little to no benefit in the evaluated properties for the composite resins. Resin cements appear to be the best option for cementing indirect restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carramilo Raposo
- PhD student, Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Luanna Marinho Sereno Nery
- PhD student, Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Edilausson Moreno Carvalho
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University Ceuma, (UNICEUMA) São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Campos Ferreira
- Professor, Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Diego Machado Ardenghi
- Professor, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - José Bauer
- Professor, Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Darlon Martins Lima
- Professor, Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Patussi AFC, Ramacciato JC, da Silva JGR, Nascimento VRP, Campos DES, de Araújo Ferreira Munizz I, de Souza GM, Lima RBW. Preheating of dental composite resins: A scoping review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 35:646-656. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Débora e Silva Campos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
| | | | - Grace M. de Souza
- Departament of Comprehensive Dentistry University Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA
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Teyagirwa P, Aquin C, Kharouf N, Roman T, Senger B, Reitzer F, Etienne O. Operator versus material influence on film thickness using adhesive resin cement or pre‐heated resin composite. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 35:517-524. [PMID: 36453835 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a growing interest in using pre-heated composites instead of dual-cured cements when luting indirect restorations. This study evaluated the film thickness obtained from two pre-heated composites and two resin cements, by two different operators. The influence of the materials and the level of expertise of the operator were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty specimens of human dentin and composite discs were prepared and divided into four groups depending on the luting process. Each group was randomly equally divided to be handled by two operators with different levels of experience. Two of the initial four groups were luted using dual-cured cements and the two remaining groups using light-cured pre-heated composites. Specimen discs were cut after luting, and film thickness was measured using a Digital microscope. Data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA with the Holm-Sidak pairwise multiple comparison procedure (p < 0.05). RESULTS Mean film thickness ranged from 156.16 ± 4.7 to 33.82 ± 0.7 μm. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were noticed between expert and novice results with pre-heated composites. CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, using pre-heated composites as a luting cement requires a better level of expertise to achieve a clinically acceptable film thickness. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using pre-heated composites as luting agent for indirect restorations requires an experimented skill level to achieve a clinically recommended film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Aquin
- Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- INSERM U1121 Strasbourg France
| | | | | | - François Reitzer
- Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- INSERM U1121 Strasbourg France
| | - Olivier Etienne
- Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- INSERM U1121 Strasbourg France
- Icube UMR7357 Strasbourg France
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Bhopatkar J, Ikhar A, Chandak M, Mankar N, Sedani S. Composite Pre-heating: A Novel Approach in Restorative Dentistry. Cureus 2022; 14:e27151. [PMID: 36004030 PMCID: PMC9392864 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin composite pre-heating is a novel approach that might improve handling and marginal adaptation of the unset material paste in clinical application. The goal of this review article is to compile all laboratory experiments on resin composite preheating and see how it impacts the mechanical properties of the material. Results have shown that preheating composite resins improves the degree of conversion, stiffness, marginal adaptability, and microhardness. While flexural strength is unbothered, polymerization shrinkage is hindered, and the microleakage results are unknown.
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Falacho RI, Marques JA, Palma PJ, Roseiro L, Caramelo F, Ramos JC, Guerra F, Blatz MB. Luting indirect restorations with resin cements versus composite resins: Effects of preheating and ultrasound energy on film thickness. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:641-649. [PMID: 34897958 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate and compare the film thickness obtained with a resin cement and two composite resins, preheated and/or ultrasonically vibrated, as luting agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-six (126) pairs of resin discs were randomly assigned to six experimental groups (n = 21) according to luting agent (Variolink Esthetic LC, IPS Empress Direct or Estelite Omega) and cementation technique (preheating at 68°C and/or ultrasonic vibration). Specimens were luted by applying a controlled force. Following sectioning and film thickness measurement through field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, statistical analysis was carried out considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS Statistically significant lower film thickness was observed in Variolink Esthetic LC group when compared to all composite resin groups (p < 0.001), except IPS Empress Direct preheated and ultrasonically vibrated group (p = 0.073). IPS Empress Direct with ultrasonic vibration yielded statistically lower film thickness values than Estelite Omega groups, regardless of luting technique (p < 0.05). Ultrasonically vibrated Estelite Omega groups showed statistically lower film thickness values than solely preheated groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both Variolink Esthetic LC and IPS Empress Direct preheated and ultrasonically vibrated provided the lowest film thickness. The addition of ultrasonic vibration during cementation proved to be effective in reducing film thickness of both tested composite resins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The cementation technique will have variable results depending on the luting material. Adhesive cementation protocols with composite resins should mainly consider ultrasonic vibration, but also preheating, as strategies for reducing film thickness. The tested resin cement, alongside with IPS Empress Direct composite resin preheated and ultrasonically vibrated, provided the lowest film thickness among the tested materials and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui I Falacho
- Institute of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana A Marques
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Palma
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Roseiro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering of Coimbra, Polytechnic-ISEC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (LBIM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Ramos
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Guerra
- Institute of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Markus B Blatz
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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El-Askary F, Hassanein A, Aboalazm E, Al-Haj Husain N, Özcan M. A Comparison of Microtensile Bond Strength, Film Thickness, and Microhardness of Photo-Polymerized Luting Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093050. [PMID: 35591383 PMCID: PMC9102044 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CAD/CAM composite thickness on micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS), microhardness (HV), and film thickness (FT) of different luting composites. Composite blocks (6.8 mm × 6.8 mm) were divided into 12 groups according to: CAD/CAM thickness and luting composite. For each group, 21 rods (1 mm × 1 mm) were tested in tension at crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Fracture modes were categorized as adhesive, mixed, and cohesive. Microhardness (n = 5/group) was assessed using microhardness tester. Film thickness (12-rods/group) was evaluated using a stereomicroscope (×40). Data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA/Tukey’s HSD test (p = 0.05). Parameters “thickness”, “cement”, and “thickness x cement” showed significant difference on µTBS and HV (p < 0.05). At 2 mm, heated x-tra fil composite showed the highest µTBS (45.0 ± 8.5 MPa), while at 4 mm thickness, Grandio Flow revealed the lowest µTBS (33.3 ± 6.3 MPa). Adhesive, mixed, and cohesive failures were reported. The HV of all composites decreased when photo-polymerized through 4 mm thickness (p < 0.05). Regardless of CAD/CAM thickness, photo-polymerized composites can be successfully used for luting CAD/CAM composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid El-Askary
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdullah Hassanein
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt; (A.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Emad Aboalazm
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt; (A.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Nadin Al-Haj Husain
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.A.-H.H.); (M.Ö.)
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.A.-H.H.); (M.Ö.)
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12
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Lousan do Nascimento Poubel D, Ghanem Zanon AE, Franco Almeida JC, Vicente Melo de Lucas Rezende L, Pimentel Garcia FC. Composite Resin Preheating Techniques for Cementation of Indirect Restorations. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:5935668. [PMID: 35368409 PMCID: PMC8967568 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5935668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Resin-based materials have been preheated by using different techniques and commercial devices. However, a consensus on the clinical protocol for cementing with preheated composite resins is lacking. The aim of this scoping review was to identify the different methods used for heating composite resins as used for cementing indirect adhesive restorations and to determine the benefits and limitations. Study Selection. A search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO, and the nonpeer-reviewed literature database. Studies on preheating composite resins for cementing indirect restorations were included, with no restrictions on the type of study, year of publication, or language. The following data were extracted: preheating technique, the device used for preheating, preset temperature, and warming time. Results In total, 304 studies were identified. After removing duplicates, 270 articles were selected, and 14 articles were included in the final evaluation. Half of the included studies reported similar preheating techniques using the Calset device for composite resins. The temperatures of 54°C and 68°C were most frequently reported, with a mean warming time of 5 minutes. Conclusions Preheating composite resins for the cementation of indirect restorations reduces viscosity, but the material must be used promptly after removal from the device. Practical Implications. Different methodologies for preheating composite resins have been reported and used in clinical dental practice. To achieve good results and guide the clinician on use, the techniques for heating composite resins for cementation need to be standardized. Keeping the material warm until the restorative procedure, the thickness of the indirect restoration, and the composition of the composite resins can directly affect the outcome of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Elisa Ghanem Zanon
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Federal District, DF, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Franco Almeida
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Federal District, DF, Brazil
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Andrade ACM, Trennepohl AA, Moecke SE, Borges AB, Torres CRG. Viscosity modulation of resin composites versus hand application on internal adaptation of restorations. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4847-4856. [PMID: 35314890 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of the injection of viscosity modulated resin composites versus hand application without modulation, on the internal adaptation of different material to the gingival wall of class II preparations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Class II cavities were created on mesial and distal surfaces of 60 extracted human molars, resulting on 120 tooth preparations (n = 120). The preparations were restored with four resin composites: VIS-VisCalor (Voco); GRA-GrandioSO (Voco); FIL-Filtek One Bulk Fill (3 M/ESPE); and SON-SonicFill (Kerr). Each composite was applied by two different techniques: by hand (H) or assisted (A). For the hand technique, the material was placed into the preparation using a spatula. For the assisted technique, the resin composite was heated up to 65 °C (for VIS, GRA, and FIL) or sonicated (for SON) and injected into the preparation. After the restorative procedures, the teeth were completely demineralized to allow the restoration removal. The total area of the gingival wall and the area occupied by interfacial defects of adaptation (TDA) were measured by optical microscopy and digital software. The percentage of the area occupied by the defects (%TDA) in relation to the total area was calculated. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS Significant differences were observed for the application technique (p = 0.0403) and for the materials (p = 0.0184), as well for the interaction between them (p = 0.0452). The mean (standard deviation) of %TDA and results of Tukey test for the interaction were as follows: SON/H - 1.04(0.75)a; VIS/A - 2.01(0.92)a; VIS/H - 3.62(0.99)b; GRA/A - 6.23(3.32)b; FIL/H - 7.45(3.31)bc; GRA/H - 9.21(4.53)c; SON/A - 11.26(4.04)a; FIL/A - 17.89(5.08)d. CONCLUSION The injection of heated resin composites improves the adaptation to the walls in relation to the hand technique for VisCalor and GrandioSO but worsens for Filtek One. Sonic vibration increases the number of interfacial defects for SonicFill. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The physical modulation of the resin composite viscosity can improve or worsen the material adaptation to the walls of class II restoration. It had a positive impact for VisCalor and GrandioSO but a negative for Filtek One and SonicFill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrielle Caroline Moreira Andrade
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Zip code: 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda Acioli Trennepohl
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Zip code: 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Elise Moecke
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Zip code: 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Zip code: 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Zip code: 12245-000, Brazil.
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Survival of Prosthodontic Restorations Luted with Resin-Based versus Composite-Based Cements: Retrospective Cohort Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15010312. [PMID: 35009458 PMCID: PMC8746030 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical performance, survival, and complications of indirect composite inlays, onlays, and overlays on posterior teeth. Digital records of 282 patients treated between 2014 and 2018 were accessed and analyzed retrospectively. The included patients received 469 composite restorations luted with seven different resin-based types of cement, i.e., Filtek Ultimate Flow, Enamel Plus, Relyx Ultimate, Harvard Premium Flow, Relyx Unicem, Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, and Filtek Ultimate. The restorations had been clinically and radiographically evaluated annually. The mechanical and clinical complications, e.g., debonding, fracture, and secondary caries, were evaluated and recorded. The examined restorations exhibited a high survival rate (84.9%), and failure was found in only 71 cases. Fracture was the most common cause (n = 36), followed by prosthetic work release (n = 19) and secondary caries (n = 16). There was a statistically significant difference between failure and cement material (Sig. < 0.001); the composite-based cements (87.2%) had a high survival rate compared to the resin-based cement (72.7%). Similarly, the cements with high viscosity (90.2%) had significantly higher survival rates than the low-viscosity cements (78.9%). Moreover, onlays showed higher longevity compared to overlays (Sig. = 0.007), and patients aged under 55 years showed less complications (Sig. = 0.036). Indirect composite restoration was a successful solution to tooth structure loss. The material of the cementation is an important part of the success. Higher survival rate was found in our study when the fixation materials with high viscosity were used, thus suggesting using these materials with indirect restorations. Composite-based cements had significantly higher survival rate than resin-based cements.
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Influence of filler geometry and viscosity of composite luting materials on marginal adhesive gap width and occlusal surface height of all-ceramic partial crowns. Dent Mater 2021; 38:601-612. [PMID: 34794829 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of filler geometry and viscosity of luting composites on marginal adhesive gap width (MGW) and occlusal surface height (OSH) of all-ceramic partial crowns. METHODS Forty-eight all-ceramic partial crowns (Celtra Duo, Dentsply) were created and divided into six groups (n = 8). Restorations were bonded using universal adhesive (Prime & Bond Active, Dentsply) in combination with low-viscosity composites (LV) containing amorphous fillers (Calibra Ceram, Dentsply) (LV-AF), heterogeneous fillers (Tetric EvoFlow, Ivoclar Vivadent) (LV-HF) vs. high-viscosity composites (HV) containing spherical fillers (Ceram.x, Dentsply) (HV-SF) or heterogeneous fillers (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent) (HV-HF). HV materials were used either with or without sonication. MGW [µm] was measured by SEM. Displacements of the restorations after luting, such as changes (Δ) in OSH [µm], tilting and rotation [°], were measured using a dial gauge and 3D-analytical software (OraCeck, Cyfex). Statistical analysis was by Mann-Whitney U-test and t-test with α = 0.05. RESULTS MGW (p = 0.002) and tilting (p = 0.001) were significantly smaller with LV (228.0 ± 112.35 µm; 0.89 ± 1.25°) than with HV (338.1 ± 97.26 µm; 1.95 ± 1.26°). Sonication had no effect on MGW in HV-HF (332.32 ± 91.39 µm) and HV-SF (343.85 ± 105.48 µm; p = 0.74). Sonication decreased ΔOSH by ~50% with HV-SF (64.21 ± 27.90 µm) but remained unchanged with HV-HF (39.06 ± 14.08 µm; p = 0.004). There was no difference in rotation between HV (0.82 ± 0.81°) and LV (0.61 ± 0.74°; p = 0.29). The LV-AF and LV-HF groups showed no statistical differences in MGW, ΔOSH, tilting or rotation (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Irrespective of filler geometry and insertion technique, the use of high-viscosity composites for the adhesive cementation of modern all-ceramic partial crowns increases displacement, marginal misfit and occlusal surface height.
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16
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Loumprinis N, Maier E, Belli R, Petschelt A, Eliades G, Lohbauer U. Viscosity and stickiness of dental resin composites at elevated temperatures. Dent Mater 2021; 37:413-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Marcondes RL, Lima VP, Barbon FJ, Isolan CP, Carvalho MA, Salvador MV, Lima AF, Moraes RR. Viscosity and thermal kinetics of 10 preheated restorative resin composites and effect of ultrasound energy on film thickness. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1356-1364. [PMID: 32888725 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated viscosity and thermal kinetics of 10 selected preheated restorative resin composites and the effect of ultrasound energy on film thickness. METHODS A range of different resin composites was tested: Charisma Diamond, IPS Empress Direct, Enamel Plus HRi, Essentia, Estelite Omega, Filtek Z100, Filtek Z350 XT, Gradia, TPH Spectrum and VisCalor. A flowable resin composite (Opallis Flow) and two resin cements (RelyX Veneer, Variolink Esthetic LC) also were tested. Viscosity (Pa s) was measured at 37 °C and 69 °C (preheating temperature) using a rheometer. Film thickness (μm) was measured before and after application of ultrasound energy. Temperature loss within resin composite following preheating (°C/s) was monitored. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS Viscosity at 69 °C was lower than at 37 °C for all materials except the flowable resin composite. Preheating reduced viscosity between 47% and 92% for the restorative resin composites, which were generally more viscous than the flowable materials. Film thickness varied largely among materials. All preheated resin composites had films thicker than 50 μm without ultrasound energy. Application of ultrasound reduced film thickness between 21% and 49%. Linear and nonlinear regressions did not identify any relationship between filler loading, viscosity, and/or film thickness. All materials showed quick temperature reduction following preheating, showing maximum temperature loss rates after approximately 10 s. SIGNIFICANCE Distinct restorative resin composites react differently to preheating, affecting viscosity and film thickness. The overall performance of the preheating technique depends on proper material selection and use of ultrasound energy for reducing film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verônica P Lima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabíola J Barbon
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cristina P Isolan
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marco A Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Anápolis University Center (Unievangélica), Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Marcos V Salvador
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Moraes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil.
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Gaglianone LA, Pfeifer CS, Mathias C, Puppin-Rontani RM, Marchi GM. Can composition and preheating improve infiltrant characteristics and penetrability in demineralized enamel? Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e099. [PMID: 32785474 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of infiltrants can influence their physical properties, viscosity and depth of penetration (DP). Strategies are used to increase the DP, such as the addition of diluents or the use of heat. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preheating and composition on physical properties and DP of infiltrants in demineralized enamel. The groups were assigned, and the following experimental formulations were made: 25%BisEMA +75%TEGDMA; 25%BisEMA +65%TEGDMA +10%ethanol; 25%BisEMA +65%TEGDMA +10%HEMA; 100%TEGDMA; 90%TEGDMA +10%ethanol; 90%TEGDMA +10%HEMA. The samples were photoactivated at two temperatures (25°C and 55°C). Degree of conversion (DC) was performed using an infrared spectrophotometer. Elastic modulus (E), flexural strength (FS) and contact angle (CA) tests were also performed. The DP of an infiltrant in demineralized enamel was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using an indirect labeling technique. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. DC increased after preheating in all the groups; however, 90%TEGDMA+10%ethanol showed the lowest DC for both temperatures, and the lowest E. Preheating did not influence E or FS. The CA increased at 55°C for most groups, but decreased for groups containing HEMA. Temperature did not seem to influence DP, and Icon showed the lowest DP values. The 100%TEGDMA composition showed more homogeneous penetration, whereas Icon showed heterogeneous and superficial penetration. The preheating technique does not improve all properties in all the material compositions. The composition of a material can influence and improve its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Aguilera Gaglianone
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Caroline Mathias
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Marchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Thermal and bioactive optimization of a unidose 3-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:487.e1-487.e7. [PMID: 32682525 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The limited durability of resin-dentin bonds is considered a major disadvantage of adhesive restorations. Therefore, clinical strategies have been developed to improve hybrid layer stability over time. These strategies require testing. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of preheating and the inclusion of a bioactive glass in a unidose 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system on the adhesion of direct composite resin restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dentin disks from 80 molars were assigned to 8 groups (n=10): CG-T1/CG-T2: control group; PG-T1/PG-T2: adhesive preheated to 68 °C; BG-T1/BG-T2: 0.05 mg of Bioglass 45S5 (BAG) (particle size: 3 μm) added to primer; PBG-T1/PBG-T2: adhesive and BAG-modified primer preheated to 68 °C. Sticks were fabricated for microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing and were tested at 1 week (T1) and after 6 months (T2) of storage. μTBS data were analyzed by using 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test (α=.05). Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the failure mode. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to quantitatively analyze the modifications to the chemical structure of the adhesive system from preheating and BAG inclusion. RESULTS The mean bond strength values at 1 week were statistically different, with PG-T1 (69.8 ±7.8 MPa) superior to all other groups. CG-T1 (58.2 ±6.7 MPa), BG-T1 (60.7 ±4.4 MPa), and PBG-T1 (61.0 ±4.6 MPa) were not statistically different (P>.05). PG-T2 maintained the highest bond strength at 6 months (68.3 ±3.7 MPa), with no decrease in μTBS observed over time. Failure modes were mostly adhesive. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis reported that primer preheating caused solvent evaporation and revealed that preheating the bonding agent promoted the condensation reaction between the silane and adhesive fillers. CONCLUSIONS No decrease in μTBS was observed for any group after 6 months. Preheating the adhesive system (primer and bonding resin) significantly increased the 1-week and 6-month μTBS. Inclusion of BAG did not affect the bond strength.
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Darabi F, Tayefeh-Davalloo R, Tavangar SM, Naser-Alavi F, Boorboo-Shirazi M. The effect of composite resin preheating on marginal adaptation of class II restorations. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e682-e687. [PMID: 32905021 PMCID: PMC7462384 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the problems with a high filler content composite resins is gap formation at restorative material-tooth interface. The present study investigated the effect of preheating composite resins on the formation of marginal gap in Cl II restorations. Material and Methods In this in vitro study Sixty Cl II cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of 30 extracted premolar teeth. The gingival floor of cavities was placed 1 m below the CEJ. The samples were randomly allocated to 4 groups for restoration placement: group 1, Filtek P60 composite resin at room temperature; group 2, Filtek P60 composite resin at 68°C; group 3, X-tra fil composite resin at room temperature; and group 4, X-tra fil composite resin at 68°C. After a thermocycling procedure, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction. Then the marginal gaps of the samples were measured at proximal and gingival margins under a scanning electron microscope at ×2000 magnification in µm. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21, using one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey tests and paired t-test (α=0.05). Results Groups 2 and 4 exhibited significantly lower marginal gaps, compared to groups 1 and 3, at both enamel (P<0.0001 and P=0.001, respectively) and dentinal walls (P<0.0001). In all the groups, there was significantly less marginal gaps at composite-enamel wall compared to composite-dentin wall interfaces (P<0.0001). There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 in enamel walls (p= 0.96, p= 0.99 respectively) and dentinal walls (p= 0.85, p=0.98 respectively). Conclusions Preheating resulted in a decrease in marginal gaps in both composite resins. The effect of composite resin type on marginal adaptation was the same. Key words:Composite resin, dental marginal adaptation, preheating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Darabi
- Associate professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Reza Tayefeh-Davalloo
- Associate professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Maryam Tavangar
- Associate professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Naser-Alavi
- Assistant professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Muradov MA, Ryahovsky AN, Sorokina DR, Chkalin VA, Poyurovskaya IY. [Study of the film thickness of dental composite resins after preheating]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2020; 98:96-101. [PMID: 31922518 DOI: 10.17116/stomat20199806196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare film thickness of adhesive resin cement and dental composite resins after they are preheated with hot air. MATERIAL AND METHODS The film thickness was measured using adhesive resin cement Variolink esthetic (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein), micro-hybrid composite Enamel (Micerium, Germany) and nanofilled composite Estelite sigma quick (Tokuyama Dental, Japan) at different temperatures. RESULTS The film thickness of the Variolink esthetic at room temperature was 23 μm, and the dental composites after preheating them with hot air and applying adhesive on both surfaces to be joined produced the following results: Estelite 62 μm and Enamel 25 μm. CONCLUSION As a result of the study, it was found that the proposed method allows one to achieve a film thickness for high-viscosity composites comparable to the film thickness of composite cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Muradov
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Ryahovsky
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D R Sorokina
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Chkalin
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I Ya Poyurovskaya
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Khabadze Z, Kulikova A, Abdulkerimova S, Bakaev Y, Bakaev Y, Todua D, Mordanov O, Adzhieva A, Davreshyan G, Solimanov S, Nazhmudinov S. The Substantiation of the Pre-Polymerization Heating Efficiency of the Dental Nanocomposite Material. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yusup Bakaev
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia
| | - Yunus Bakaev
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia
| | - David Todua
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia
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Xue J, Yang BN. [Effect of preheating on the properties of resin composite]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 37:571-576. [PMID: 31875432 PMCID: PMC7030756 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Resin composite, which is commonly used as a dental filling material, has some problems, such as poor wear resistance, polymerization shrinkage, and poor dentin marginal adaptability. Preheating of resin composite improves its pro-perties. This paper reviewed the effects of resin composite preheating on its monomer conversion, marginal microleakage, mechanical properties, and irritation on dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stoma-tology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bi-Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stoma-tology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Pre-heating effects on extrusion force, stickiness and packability of resin-based composite. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1594-1602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tomaselli LDO, Oliveira DCRSD, Favarão J, Silva AFD, Pires-de-Souza FDCP, Geraldeli S, Sinhoreti MAC. Influence of Pre-Heating Regular Resin Composites and Flowable Composites on Luting Ceramic Veneers with Different Thicknesses. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:459-466. [PMID: 31596330 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate of pre-heating, filler contents and ceramic thickness on film thickness, microshear bond strength, degree of conversion and color change on ceramic veneers. Two experimental composites were prepared (Bis-GMA/UDMA/BisEMA/ TEGDMA), with different amounts of filler (65% or 50%wt) simulating a conventional and a flowable composite. The flowable (F) was used at room temperature and, the conventional either at room temperature (C) or pre-heated (CPH). Disk-shaped ceramics with different thickness (0.4 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.5 mm) were prepared. The film thickness was evaluated according to the ISO 4049 (n=10). The microshear bond strength (n=10) was evaluated in enamel using tubing specimens light-cured through the ceramic veneer. The degree of conversion was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. The color change of the ceramic restorations (n=10) was evaluated by spectrophotometry. The results were submitted to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (a=5%). For the film thickness 1-way ANOVA was used (a=5%). The C presented the thicker film thickness; the CPH produced a similar film thickness in comparison to the F. All composites showed similar microshear bond strength. The degree of conversion of the F was higher than the C and CPH. The degree of conversion of the composites photo-activated through a 0.4 mm was higher than the composites photo-activated through thicker ceramics. The C showed the highest color change, while the CPH showed similar color change to the F. In conclusion, pre-heated conventional composites seem to be a potential alternative to lute ceramic veneers such as the flowable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Oliveira Tomaselli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, UNICAMP - Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jamille Favarão
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, UNICAMP - Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariel Farias da Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Health and Biological Science Center, UFMT - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Geraldeli
- Division of Biomedical Materials, School of Dental Medicine, East Caroline University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Coelho NF, Barbon FJ, Machado RG, Boscato N, Moraes RR. Response of composite resins to preheating and the resulting strengthening of luted feldspar ceramic. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1430-1438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Karacan AO, Ozyurt P. Effect of preheated bulk‐fill composite temperature on intrapulpal temperature increase in vitro. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:583-588. [PMID: 31194288 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet O. Karacan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Perihan Ozyurt
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry Ankara University Ankara Turkey
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Nascimento AS, Rodrigues JFB, Torres RHN, Santos KO, Fook MVL, Albuquerque MSD, Lima EAD, Filgueira PTD, Santos JBMD, Oliveira LJRD, Braz R. Physicomechanical and thermal analysis of bulk-fill and conventional composites. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e008. [PMID: 30892408 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) and the thermal stability of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins. Eleven composite resin samples were prepared to evaluate the DC, Vickers microhardness (VMH), mass and residue/particle loss, glass transition temperature (Tg), enthalpy, and linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microdurometer analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dilatometry (DIL). The data were subjected to statistical analysis, with a significance level of 95%. DC and VMH were not influenced by the polymerized side of the sample, and statistical differences were recorded only among the materials. Decomposition temperature, melting, and mass and residue loss were dependent on the material and on the evaluation condition (polymerized and non-polymerized). Tg values were similar between the composites, without statistically significant difference, and CTE ranged from 10.5 to 37.1 (10-6/°C), with no statistical difference between the materials. There was a moderate negative correlation between CTE and the % of load particles, by weight. Most resins had a DC above that which is reported in the literature. TGA, Tg, and CTE analyses showed the thermal behavior of the evaluated composites, providing data for future research, assisting with the choice of material for direct or semidirect restorations, and helping choose the appropriate temperature for increasing the DC of such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Filipe Bacalhau Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG , Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Kleilton Oliveira Santos
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG , Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Lia Fook
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG , Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane Alves de Lima
- Universidade de Pernamburco - UPE, Department of Dentistry, Tabatinga Camarajibe, PE, Brazil
| | | | - João Batista Morais Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG , Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Rodivan Braz
- Universidade de Pernamburco - UPE, Department of Dentistry, Tabatinga Camarajibe, PE, Brazil
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Mounajjed R, Salinas TJ, Ingr T, Azar B. Effect of different resin luting cements on the marginal fit of lithium disilicate pressed crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 119:975-980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Campbell I, Kang J, Hyde TP. Randomized Controlled Trial of Postoperative Sensitivity with Warm and Room Temperature Composite. JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 2:295-303. [PMID: 30938633 DOI: 10.1177/2380084416682934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical properties of composite improve when it is preheated prior to polymerization. However, postoperative sensitivity may be considered a potential complication. A review of the literature revealed no reported randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of postoperative sensitivity when using preheated composite resin. The objective of the study was to determine if preheating composite leads to changes in postoperative sensitivity in a parallel RCT. In total, 120 eligible, consenting adults were recruited in private dental practice and randomized into 2 groups of 60 patients. One group had room temperature composite restorations placed and the second had composite preheated to 39°C. The primary outcome was sensitivity after 24 h by the visual analog scale (VAS), recorded blind by patients. Secondary outcomes were VAS scores recorded over a month. Blind statistical analysis used the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the 24-h VAS score between groups and repeated-measures analysis of variance to assess the change over time. Potential confounders were tested using regression models. A total of 115 patients completed the trial: 57 in the heated composite group and 58 in the room temperature group. Analysis of 24-h VAS scores found no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( P = 0.162). Examining the potential confounders confirmed the nonsignificant difference between heated and room temperature groups on the 24-h VAS score, after controlling teeth type and preoperative pulp test (effect size = 0.173, P = 0.317). Analysis of the secondary outcomes found significant changes (within-subject effect) in VAS scores over the review period ( F statistic = 4.7, P = 0.002) but not a significant (between-subject effect) difference between heated and room temperature groups over time (effect size = 0.102, P = 0.197). There was a significant correlation between preoperative VAS score and postoperative VAS score ( P < 0.001). For the restorations in this study, there was no detectable difference in postoperative VAS score between preheated and room temperature composite. Postoperative sensitivity decreased throughout the first month. Postoperative sensitivity was correlated to preoperative sensitivity (ISRCTN 76727312). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians when considering the advantages and disadvantages of preheated composite. The study found no evidence of any change in postoperative sensitivity when using preheated composite. Since preheated composite has superior physical properties, its use for routine care can be considered good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Kang
- 2 School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - T P Hyde
- 2 School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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31
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Alizadeh Oskoee P, Pournaghi Azar F, Jafari Navimipour E, Ebrahimi Chaharom ME, Naser Alavi F, Salari A. The effect of repeated preheating of dimethacrylate and silorane-based composite resins on marginal gap of class V restorations. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2017; 11:36-42. [PMID: 28413594 PMCID: PMC5390124 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2017.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. One of the problems with composite resin restorations is gap formation at resin‒tooth interface. The present study evaluated the effect of preheating cycles of silorane- and dimethacrylate-based composite resins on gap formation at the gingival margins of Class V restorations. Methods. In this in vitro study, standard Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 48 bovine incisors. For restorative procedure, the samples were randomly divided into 2 groups based on the type of composite resin (group 1: di-methacrylate composite [Filtek Z250]; group 2: silorane composite [Filtek P90]) and each group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups based on the composite temperature (A: room temperature; B: after 40 preheating cycles up to 55°C). Marginal gaps were measured using a stereomicroscope at ×40 and analyzed with two-way ANOVA. Inter- and intra-group comparisons were analyzed with post-hoc Tukey tests. Significance level was defined at P < 0.05. Results. The maximum and minimum gaps were detected in groups 1-A and 2-B, respectively. The effects of composite resin type, preheating and interactive effect of these variables on gap formation were significant (P<0.001). Post-hoc Tukey tests showed greater gap in dimethacrylate compared to silorane composite resins (P< 0.001). In each group, gap values were greater in composite resins at room temperature compared to composite resins after 40 preheating cycles (P<0.001). Conclusion. Gap formation at the gingival margins of Class V cavities decreased due to preheating of both composite re-sins. Preheating of silorane-based composites can result in the best marginal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Alizadeh Oskoee
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pournaghi Azar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Jafari Navimipour
- Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Naser Alavi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Salari
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ahn KH, Lim S, Kum KY, Chang SW. Effect of preheating on the viscoelastic properties of dental composite under different deformation conditions. Dent Mater J 2017; 34:702-6. [PMID: 26438995 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Preheating of dental composites improves their flowability, facilitating successful restorations. However, the flowability of dental composites is affected not only by temperature but also by the deformation conditions. In the present work, the effects of various deformation conditions upon the viscoelastic properties of a preheated dental composite were studied. The rheological properties of Z350 dental composites at 25, 45, and 60°C were measured by a strain-controlled rheometer. When a low strain (0.03%) was applied, the preheated composite exhibited greater shear storage modulus (G') and complex viscosity (η*) than a room-temperature composite. Oppositely, when a high strain (50%) was applied, G' and η* of a preheated composite were lower than those of a room-temperature composite. Preheating of dental composites might be helpful in clinical practice both to increase the slumping resistance when minimal manipulation is used (e.g., during the build-up of a missing cusp tip) and to increase flowability when manipulation entailing high shear strain is applied (e.g., when uncured composite resin is spread on a dentin surface).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University
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Stawarczyk B, Awad D, Ilie N. Blue-Light Transmittance of Esthetic Monolithic CAD/CAM Materials With Respect to Their Composition, Thickness, and Curing Conditions. Oper Dent 2016; 41:531-540. [DOI: 10.2341/15-252-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Determining the amount of blue light (360-540nm) passing through nine monolithic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials depends on material thickness, initial irradiance, and the distance between the curing unit and the specimen's surface. A total of 180 specimens of two thicknesses (1 mm and 2 mm, n=10/subgroup) were fabricated from TelioCAD, VITA CAD-Temp (VCT), experimental nanocomposite, LAVA Ultimate (LU), VITA ENAMIC (VE), VITA MarkII (VM), IPS EmpressCAD (IEC), IPS e.maxCAD (IEM), and CELTRA DUO (CD). The irradiance passing through the CAD/CAM materials and thicknesses was measured using a light-emitting-diode curing unit with standard-power, high-power, and plasma modes by means of a USB4000 spectrometer. The curing unit was placed directly on the specimen's surface at 2- and 4-mm distances from the specimen's surface. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis and one-way analysis of variance with the post hoc Scheffé test (p<0.05). The highest transmitted irradiance was measured for VM and LU, followed by VCT and IEC, while the lowest values showed VE, followed by IEM and CD. The highest transmitted irradiance was recorded by exposing the material to the plasma mode, followed by the high- and standard-power modes. The measured irradiance was decreased by increasing the specimen's thickness from 1 to 2 mm. Fewer differences were measured when the curing unit was placed at 0 or 2 mm from the specimen's surface, and the irradiance passing through the specimens was lower at a distance of 4 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stawarczyk
- Bogna Stawarczyk, PD Dr. Dipl. Ing. (FH), MSc, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - D Awad
- Daniel Awad, Dr. Dent. Med., Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - N Ilie
- Nicoleta Ilie, Prof. Dr. Dipl. Ing., Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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34
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Alizadeh Oskoee P, Nooroloyouni A, Pornaghi Azar F, Sajjadi Oskoee J, Pirzadeh Ashraf A. Effect of Resin Cement Pre-heating on the Push-out Bond Strength of Fiber Post to Root Canal Dentin. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2016; 9:233-8. [PMID: 26889360 PMCID: PMC4753032 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2015.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Various factors influence the interfacial bond between the fiber posts and root canal dentin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pre-warming of resin cement on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to various segments of root canal dentin. Materials and methods. In this in vitro study, 40 single-rooted human premolars were decoronated and underwent root canal treatment along with post space preparation. The samples were randomly divided into two groups: In group 1, Panavia F 2.0 cement was used at room temperature; in group 2, the same cement was warmed to 55‒60°C before mixing. After fiber posts were placed and cemented in the root canals, 3 dentin/post sections (coronal, middle and apical) with a thickness of 3 mm were prepared. A universal testing machine was used to measure push-out bond strength in MPa. Data was analyzed using two-factor ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey test at α=0.05. Results. The mean value of push-out bond strength was high at room temperature, and the differences in the means of push-out bond strength values between the resin cement temperatures and between different root segments in each temperature were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion. Pre-warming of Panavia F 2.0 resin cement up to 55-60°C reduced push-out bond strength to root canal dentin. In addition, in each temperature group bond strengths decreased from coronal to apical segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Alizadeh Oskoee
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nooroloyouni
- Post-graduate Student, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pornaghi Azar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Sajjadi Oskoee
- Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Pirzadeh Ashraf
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kramer MR, Edelhoff D, Stawarczyk B. Flexural Strength of Preheated Resin Composites and Bonding Properties to Glass-Ceramic and Dentin. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9020083. [PMID: 28787884 PMCID: PMC5456469 DOI: 10.3390/ma9020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To test the impact of preheating (25, 37, 54, or 68 °C) of TetricEvoCeram (TEC), FiltekSupremeXT (FSXT), and Venus (V) on flexural strength (FS), shear bond strength (SBS) and interfacial tension (IFT). FS was tested with TEC and FSXT. For SBS, glass-ceramic and human dentin substrate were fabricated and luted with the preheated resin composite (RC). SBSs of 1500 thermal cycled specimens were measured. For IFT, glass slides covered with the non-polymerized RC were prepared and contact angles were measured. Data were analyzed using 2/1-way ANOVA with Scheffé-test, and t-test (p < 0.05). Preheated TEC (37–68 °C) showed higher FS compared to the control-group (25 °C) (p < 0.001). FSXT presented higher FS than TEC (p < 0.001). For SBS to dentin higher values for FSXT than TEC were found. The preheating temperature showed no impact on SBS to dentin. SBS to glass-ceramic revealed a positive influence of temperature for TEC 25–68 °C (p = 0.015). TEC showed higher values than V and FSXT (p < 0.001). IFT values increased with the preheating temperature. A significant difference could be observed in every RC group between 25 and 68 °C (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Richard Kramer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Daniel Edelhoff
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Demirbuga S, Ucar FI, Cayabatmaz M, Zorba YO, Cantekin K, Topçuoğlu HS, Kilinc HI. Microshear bond strength of preheated silorane- and methacrylate-based composite resins to dentin. SCANNING 2016; 38:63-69. [PMID: 26381904 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preheating on microshear bond strength (MSBS) of silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins to human dentin. The teeth were randomly divided into three main groups: (1) composite resins were heated upto 68 °C; (2) cooled to 4 °C; and (3) control [room temperature (RT)]. Each group was then randomly subdivided into four subgroups according to adhesive system used [Solobond M (Voco), All Bond SE (Bisco), Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) (Kuraray), Silorane adhesive system (SAS) (3M ESPE)]. Resin composite cylinders were formed (0.9 mm diameter × 0.7 mm length) and MSBS of each specimen was tested. The preheated groups exhibited the highest MSBS (p < 0.001) and the groups cooled to 4 °C exhibited the lowest MSBS (p < 0.001). The CSE showed higher MSBS than the other adhesives (p < 0.001). This study concludes that preheating of composite resins may be an alternative way to increase the MSBS of composites on dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Demirbuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Faruk Izzet Ucar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Alaaddin Keykubat Kampüsü, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Cayabatmaz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yahya Orcun Zorba
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kenan Cantekin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Sinan Topçuoğlu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Kilinc
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
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Baroudi K, Mahmoud S. Improving Composite Resin Performance Through Decreasing its Viscosity by Different Methods. Open Dent J 2015; 9:235-42. [PMID: 26312094 PMCID: PMC4541310 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601509010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to present the different current methods of decreasing viscosity of resin composite materials such as (using flowable composites, lowering the viscosity of the monomer mixture, heating composites and applying sonic vibration) and furnish dentists with a basis that can provide criteria for choosing one or another to suit their therapeutic requirements. The four discussed methods proved that lowering composite viscosity improves its handling and facilitates its application to cavities with complicated forms, decreasing time for procedure and improving marginal adaptation. Other properties improved by decreasing composite resin viscosity were controversial between the four methods and affected by other factors such as composite brand and light cure unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusai Baroudi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said Mahmoud
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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38
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D'Amario M, De Angelis F, Vadini M, Marchili N, Mummolo S, D'Arcangelo C. Influence of a Repeated Preheating Procedure on Mechanical Properties of Three Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2015; 40:181-9. [DOI: 10.2341/13-238-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to assess the flexural strength, flexural elastic modulus and Vickers microhardness of three resin composites prepared at room temperature or cured after one or repeated preheating cycles to a temperature of 39°C. Three resin composites were evaluated: Enamel Plus HFO (Micerium), Opallis (FGM), and Ceram X Duo (Dentsply DeTrey). For each trial, one group of specimens of each material was fabricated under ambient laboratory conditions, whereas in the other groups, the composites were cured after 1, 10, 20, 30, or 40 preheating cycles to a temperature of 39°C in a preheating device. Ten rectangular prismatic specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were prepared for each group (N=180; n=10) and subjected to a three-point bending test for flexural strength and flexural modulus evaluation. Vickers microhardness was assessed on 10 cylindrical specimens from each group (N=180; n=10). Statistical analysis showed that, regardless of the material, the number of heating cycles was not a significant factor and was unable to influence the three mechanical properties tested. However, a significant main effect of the employed material on the marginal means of the three dependent variables was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Amario
- Maurizio D'Amario, DDS, PhD, research associate, Division of Restorative Dentistry and Oral Pathology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - F De Angelis
- Francesco De Angelis, DDS, PhD, research associate, Unit of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Nano and Biotechnology, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti, Italy
| | - M Vadini
- Mirco Vadini, DDS, PhD, research associate, Unit of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Nano and Biotechnology, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti, Italy
| | - N Marchili
- Nicola Marchili, DDS, research associate, Division of Restorative Dentistry and Oral Pathology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Mummolo
- Stefano Mummolo, DDS, research associate, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C D'Arcangelo
- Camillo D'Arcangelo, DDS, associate professor, Unit of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Nano and Biotechnology, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti, Italy
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Dionysopoulos D, Tolidis K, Gerasimou P, Koliniotou-Koumpia E. Effect of preheating on the film thickness of contemporary composite restorative materials. J Dent Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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40
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Dionysopoulos D, Papadopoulos C, Koliniotou-Koumpia E. The evaluation of various restoration techniques on internal adaptation of composites in class v cavities. Int J Biomater 2014; 2014:148057. [PMID: 25349611 PMCID: PMC4202201 DOI: 10.1155/2014/148057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different restoration techniques on the formation of internal microgaps between materials and dentin in class V restorations. Materials and Methods. Twenty-five extracted human premolars were prepared with standardized class V cavity outlines (3 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm). The cavities were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 cavities each and restored according to manufacturer's instructions: Group 1: preheating (55°C) conventional composite (Filtek Z250), Group 2: flowable composite (Filtek Flow), Group 3: Filtek Flow + Filtek Z250 light-cured separately, Group 4: Filtek Flow + Filtek Z250 light-cured simultaneously, and Group 5 (control): Filtek Z250 at room temperature (23°C). The specimens were then thermocycled and cross-sectioned through the center of the restoration. Subsequently, impressions were taken, and epoxy resin replicas were made. The internal adaptation of the materials to the axial wall was analyzed under SEM. Results. The preheated Filtek Z250 (Group 1) showed better internal adaptation than the room temperature groups (P < 0.05). The combination of Filtek Flow with Filtek Z250 which was light-cured separately (Group 3) exhibited better internal adaptation than control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Different restoration techniques exhibit different behavior regarding internal adaptation to dentin after photopolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Dionysopoulos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C. Papadopoulos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Koliniotou-Koumpia
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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41
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Calheiros FC, Daronch M, Rueggeberg FA, Braga RR. Effect of temperature on composite polymerization stress and degree of conversion. Dent Mater 2014; 30:613-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Holanda DBV, França FMG, do Amaral FLB, Flório FM, Basting RT. Influence of preheating the bonding agent of a conventional three-step adhesive system and the light activated resin cement on dentin bond strength. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16:536-9. [PMID: 24347889 PMCID: PMC3842723 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.120965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: to evaluate the influence of preheating the bonding agent (Scotchbond Multipurpose Adhesive/3M ESPE) and the light-activated resin cement (RelyX Venner/3M ESPE) on dentin microtensile bond strength. Materials and Methods: The exposed flat dentin surface of 40 human third molars were randomly distributed into four groups for cementation (SR Adoro/Ivoclar Vivadent) (n = 10): G1-bond and resin cement, both at room temperature (22°C), G2-bond preheated to 58°C and cement at room temperature (22°C), G3-bond at room temperature (22°C) and the cement preheated to 58°C, G4-bond preheated to 58°C and cement preheated to 58°C. Sticks of dentin/block set measuring approximately 1 mm2 were obtained and used for the microtensile bond strength test. All sticks had their failure mode classified. Statistical analysis used: Factorial analysis of variance was applied, 2 × 2 (bond × cement) (P < 0.05). Results: Preheating the bonding agent (P = 0.8411) or the cement (P = 0.7155), yielded no significant difference. The interaction bond × cement was not significant (P = 0.9389). Conclusions: Preheating the bond and/or the light-activated resin cement did not influence dentin bond strength or fracture failure mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brandão Vilela Holanda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School and Institute and Research Center São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School and Institute and Research Center São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School and Institute and Research Center São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Martão Flório
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Dental School and Institute and Research Center São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School and Institute and Research Center São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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43
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D'Amario M, Pacioni S, Capogreco M, Gatto R, Baldi M. Effect of repeated preheating cycles on flexural strength of resin composites. Oper Dent 2012; 38:33-8. [PMID: 22770484 DOI: 10.2341/11-476-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the flexural strengths of three resin composites prepared at room temperature or cured after 20 or 40 cycles of preheating to a temperature of 45°C. Three resin composites were evaluated: Enamel Plus HFO (Micerium) (HFO), Enamel Plus HRi (Micerium) (HRi), Opallis + (FGM) (OPA). One group of specimens for each composite was fabricated under ambient laboratory conditions, whereas in the other groups, the composites were cured after 20 or 40 preheating cycles to a temperature of 45°C in a preheating device. Ten specimens were prepared for each group. A three-point bending test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and a Games-Howell test (α = 0.05). The two-way ANOVA showed that both the material and the number of heating cycles were significant factors, able to influence the flexural strength values (p<0.05). However, there was not a statistically significant interaction (p>0.05). For all three composites flexural strengths were not affected after 20 preheating cycles in comparison with the control groups (0 preheating cycles) but were, however, significantly decreased when 40 prewarming cycles were conducted. The HRi and OPA groups had the highest flexural strengths, with no statistically significant differences among them. HFO presented significantly lower flexural strengths in comparison with HRi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Amario
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences Dental Clinic, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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44
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Morais A, Santos ARAD, Giannini M, Reis AF, Rodrigues JA, Arrais CAG. Effect of pre-heated dual-cured resin cements on the bond strength of indirect restorations to dentin. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26:170-6. [PMID: 22473354 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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45
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Bonilla ED, Stevenson RG, Caputo AA, White SN. Microleakage resistance of minimally invasive Class I flowable composite restorations. Oper Dent 2012; 37:290-8. [PMID: 22313270 DOI: 10.2341/11-106-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Minimally invasive flowable composite Class I restorations are widely used. However, flowable composites are characterized by low filler contents, modified resin formulations, low moduli of elasticity, low viscosity, generally poor mechanical properties, and decreased long-term stability. The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage resistance of a wide variety of flowable composites used with their manufacturers' recommended bonding systems to that of a long-used and widely studied microhybrid composite when placed as minimally invasive occlusal restorations. Molar teeth were prepared in a standardized manner, restored, artificially aged, stained, sectioned, evaluated, and analyzed. Microleakage varied substantially, by a whole order of magnitude, among the material groups tested. The control group, a conventional microhybrid composite material, leaked significantly less than all the flowable composite groups. Microleakage varied very slightly among measurement site locations. Tiny microscopic bubbles were seen within many of the flowable composite specimens, as were a few voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban D Bonilla
- University of California, Los Angeles, School of Denitstry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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46
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Zhao S, Qian Y, Liu H, Jiang L, Zhou L. The Effect of Preheating on Light Cured Resin Composites. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.21.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Choudhary N, Kamat S, Mangala T, Thomas M. Effect of pre-heating composite resin on gap formation at three different temperatures. J Conserv Dent 2011; 14:191-5. [PMID: 21814365 PMCID: PMC3146116 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.82618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study aims to evaluate and compare total gap surface area formed after restoration of class II cavities with Filtek Z350 and P60 at room temperature, 37°C and 54°C. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were taken and divided into six groups of five teeth each. Standardized class II cavities were made and were restored with Filtek Z350 and P60, both at room temperature, 37°C and 54°C. Group 1(a) was restored with Filtek Z350 at room temperature, Group 1(b) with Filtek Z350 at 37°C and Group 1(c) with Filtek Z350 at 54°C. Group 2(a) was restored with P60 at room temperature, Group 2(b) with P60 at 37°C and Group 2(c) with P60 at 54°C. After storing the samples in distilled water at room temperature for 48 hours, longitudinal sectioning was done to obtain tooth restoration interface. The interfaces were then examined under compound light microscope with digital output and analyzed using Image J analysis software. Results: The results demonstrated better adaptation and less total gap area formation at 54°C as compared to room temperature and 37°C. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that use of P60 is better suited for posterior restorations at 54°C as compared to Filtek Z350 universal nanohybrid at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilabh Choudhary
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMNM Dental College, Bagalkot, Karnataka - 587 101, India
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48
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Loguercio AD, Salvalaggio D, Piva AE, Klein-Júnior CA, Accorinte MDLR, Meier MM, Grande RHM, Reis A. Adhesive temperature: effects on adhesive properties and resin-dentin bond strength. Oper Dent 2011; 36:293-303. [PMID: 21851256 DOI: 10.2341/10-218l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of adhesive temperature on the resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage (NL), adhesive layer thickness (AL), and degree of conversion (DC) of ethanol/water- (SB) and acetone-based (PB) etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. METHODS The bottles of the two adhesives were kept at each temperature (5°C, 20°C, 37°C, and 50°C) for 2 hours before application to demineralized dentin surfaces of 40 molars. Specimens were prepared for μTBS testing. Bonded sticks (0.8 mm(2)) were tested under tension (0.5 mm/min). Three bonded sticks from each tooth were immersed in silver nitrate and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The DC of the adhesives was evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Lower μTBS was observed for PB at 50°C. For SB, the μTBS values were similar for all temperatures. DC was higher at 50°C for PB. Higher NL and thicker AL were observed for both adhesives in the 5°C and 20°C groups compared to the 37°C and 50°C groups. The higher temperatures (37°C or 50°C) reduced the number of pores within the adhesive layer of both adhesive systems. CONCLUSIONS It could be useful to use an ethanol/water-based adhesive at 37°C or 50°C and an acetone-based adhesive at 37°C to improve adhesive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Loguercio
- University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentisty, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
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França FÁ, Oliveira MD, Rodrigues JA, Arrais CAG. Pre-heated dual-cured resin cements: analysis of the degree of conversion and ultimate tensile strength. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25:174-9. [PMID: 21537644 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242011000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the degree of conversion (DC) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of dual-cured resin cements heated to 50º C prior to and during polymerization. Disc- and hourglass-shaped specimens of Rely X ARC (RX) and Variolink II (VII) were obtained using addition silicon molds. The products were manipulated at 25º C or 50º C and were subjected to 3 curing conditions: light-activation through a glass slide or through a pre-cured 2-mm thick resin composite disc, or they were allowed to self-cure (SC). All specimens were dark-stored dry for 15 days. For DC analysis, the resin cements were placed into the mold located on the center of a horizontal diamond on the attenuated total reflectance element in the optical bench of a Fourier Transformed Infrared spectrometer. Infrared spectra (n = 6) were collected between 1680 and 1500 cm-1, and DC was calculated by standard methods using changes in ratios of aliphatic-to-aromatic C=C absorption peaks from uncured and cured states. For UTS test, specimens (n = 10) were tested in tension in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed of 1 mm/min) until failure. DC and UTS data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (α= 5%). Both products showed higher DC at 50º C than at 25º C in all curing conditions. No significant difference in UTS was noted between most light-activated groups at 25º C and those at 50º C. VII SC groups showed higher UTS at 50º C than at 25º C (p < 0.05). Increased temperature led to higher DC, but its effects on resin cement UTS depended on the curing condition.
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Abstract
This clinical article describes and discusses the use of preheated nanohybrid resin composite for the placement of direct restorations and luting of porcelain laminate veneers. Two clinical cases are presented. Preheating hybrid composite decreases its viscosity and film thickness offering the clinician improved handling. Preheating also facilitates the use of nanohybrid composite as a veneer luting material with relatively low polymerisation shrinkage and coefficient of thermal expansion compared to currently available resin luting cements.
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