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Zheng W, Hou S, Chen Y, Ge C, Ni B, Zheng X, Chen H, Zhao T, Wang A, Ren N. Removal and assessment of cadmium contamination based on the toxic responds of a soil ciliate Colpoda sp. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134762. [PMID: 38823099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Bioremediation of cadmium (Cd) pollution, a recognized low-carbon green environmental protection technology, is significantly enhanced by the discovery of Cd-tolerant microorganisms and their underlying tolerance mechanisms. This study presents Colpoda sp., a soil ciliate with widespread distribution, as a novel bioindicator and bioremediator for Cd contamination. With a 24 h-LC50 of 5.39 mg l-1 and an IC50 of 24.85 μg l-1 in Cd-contaminated water, Colpoda sp. achieves a maximum bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of 3.58 and a Cd removal rate of 32.98 ± 0.74 % within 96 h. The toxic responses of Colpoda sp. to Cd stress were assessed through cytological observation with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), oxidative stress kinase activity, and analysis of Cd-metallothionein (Cd-MTs) and the cd-mt gene via qRT-PCR. The integrated biomarker response index version 2 (IBRv2) and structural equation models (SEM) were utilized to analyze key factors and mechanisms, revealing that the up-regulation of Cd-MTs and cd-mt expression, rather than the oxidative stress system, is the primary determinant of Cd accumulation and tolerance in Colpoda sp. The ciliate's ability to maintain growth under 24.85 μg l-1 Cd stress and its capacity to absorb and accumulate Cd particles from water into cells are pivotal for bioremediation. A new mathematical formula and regression equations based on Colpoda sp.'s response parameters have been established to evaluate environmental Cd removal levels and design remediation schemes for contaminated sites. These findings provide a novel bioremediation and monitoring pathway for Cd remobilization and accumulation in soil and water, potentially revolutionizing the governance of Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Chang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bing Ni
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Schiwitza S, Spruck C, Nitsche F. Biogeographical distribution of Hartaetosiga strains (Choanoflagellatea, Craspedida, Salpingoecidae) including morphological and transcriptomic data from a transect across the Atlantic Ocean. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2023; 70:e12933. [PMID: 35762918 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Hartaetosiga Carr, Richter and Nitsche, 2017 comprised up to now only three species, H. gracilis (Kent) Carr, Richter, Nitsche, 2017, H. balthica (Wylezich and Karpov) Carr, Richter and Nitsche, 2017 and H. minima (Wylezich and Karpov) Carr, Richter and Nitsche, 2017. Based on distinct molecular data these species were relocated from the strictly freshwater genus Codosiga (Ehrenberg) Bütschli, 1878 to a new genus comprising brackish and marine species. During the cruise MSM82/2 across the Atlantic Ocean in 2019, surface water samples were taken from 15 stations along a transect ranging from 35°S to 23°N. We were able to isolate and cultivate 14 strains of the genus Hartaetosiga. Morphometric data showed no distinct morphological traits allowing for a species delineation, indicating a cryptic species complex within the genus. Based on cultivation, morphological data, and molecular analyses, we recorded H. gracilis for the first time from off-shelf waters of the Atlantic Ocean and could describe a new species, H. australis n. sp. This new species was recorded from sampling stations in the Southern Hemisphere only, which may indicate a potential biogeographic restriction likely caused by the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC), dividing the northern and southern surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schiwitza
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Spruck
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Nitsche
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Schiwitza S, Thomsen HA. Morphological and molecular reinvestigation of acanthoecid species I. – Enibas urnula ( ) comb. nov. (= Stephanoeca urnula ). Eur J Protistol 2022; 83:125865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schiwitza S, Nitsche F. A Needle in the Haystack – Mapping Sequences to Morphology Exemplified by the Loricate Choanoflagellate Enibas thessalia sp. nov. (Acanthoecida, Acanthoecidae). Protist 2021; 172:125782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2020.125782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Heterotrophic flagellates and centrohelid heliozoans from marine waters of Curacao, the Netherlands Antilles. Eur J Protistol 2020; 77:125758. [PMID: 33307359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in understanding the early evolution of eukaryotes was tied to morphological identification of flagellates and heliozoans from natural samples, isolation of their culture and genomic and ultrastructural investigations. These protists are the smallest and least studied microbial eukaryotes but play an important role in the functioning of microbial food webs. Using light and electron microscopy, we have studied the diversity of heterotrophic flagellates and centrohelid heliozoans from marine waters of Curacao (The Netherlands Antilles), and provide micrographs and morphological descriptions of observed species. Among 86 flagellates and 3 centrohelids encountered in this survey, five heterotrophic flagellates and one сentrohelid heliozoan were not identified even to the genus. Some flagellate protists have a unique morphology, and may represent undescribed lineages of eukaryotes of high taxonomic rank. The vast majority (89%) of identified flagellates is characterized by wide geographical distribution and have been reported previously from all hemispheres and various climatic regions. More than half of the species were previously observed not only from marine, but also from freshwater habitats. The parameters of the species accumulation curve indicate that our species list obtained for the Curacao study sites is far from complete, and each new sample should yield new species.
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Growth and single cell kinetics of the loricate choanoflagellate Diaphanoeca grandis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14543. [PMID: 31601859 PMCID: PMC6787020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Choanoflagellates are common members of planktonic communities. Some have complex life histories that involve transitions between multiple cell stages. We have grown the loricate choanoflagellate Diaphanoeca grandis on the bacterium Pantoea sp. and integrated kinetic observations at the culture level and at the single cell level. The life history of D. grandis includes a cell division cycle with a number of recognisable cell stages. Mature, loricate D. grandis were immobile and settled on the bottom substratum. Daughter cells were ejected from the lorica 30 min. after cell division, became motile and glided on the bottom substratum until they assembled a lorica. Single cell kinetics could explain overall growth kinetics in D. grandis cultures. The specific growth rate was 0.72 day-1 during exponential growth while mature D. grandis produced daughter cells at a rate of 0.9 day-1. Daughter cells took about 1.2 h to mature. D. grandis was able to abandon and replace its lorica, an event that delayed daughter cell formation by more than 2 days. The frequency of daughter cell formation varied considerably among individuals and single cell kinetics demonstrated an extensive degree of heterogeneity in D. grandis cultures, also when growth appeared to be balanced.
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Schiwitza S, Arndt H, Nitsche F. Four new choanoflagellate species from extreme saline environments: Indication for isolation-driven speciation exemplified by highly adapted Craspedida from salt flats in the Atacama Desert (Northern Chile). Eur J Protistol 2018; 66:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Annenkova NV, Ahrén D, Logares R, Kremp A, Rengefors K. Delineating closely related dinoflagellate lineages using phylotranscriptomics. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:571-576. [PMID: 29676790 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently radiated dinoflagellates Apocalathium aciculiferum (collected in Lake Erken, Sweden), Apocalathium malmogiense (Baltic Sea) and Apocalathium aff. malmogiense (Highway Lake, Antarctica) represent a lineage with an unresolved phylogeny. We determined their phylogenetic relationships using phylotranscriptomics based on 792 amino acid sequences. Our results showed that A. aciculiferum diverged from the other two closely related lineages, consistent with their different morphologies in cell size, relative cell length and presence of spines. We hypothesized that A. aff. malmogiense and A. malmogiense, which inhabit different hemispheres, are evolutionarily more closely related because they diverged from a marine common ancestor, adapting to a wide salinity range, while A. aciculiferum colonized a freshwater habitat, by acquiring adaptations to this environment, in particular, salinity intolerance. We show that phylotranscriptomics can resolve the phylogeny of recently diverged protists. This has broad relevance, given that many phytoplankton species are morphologically very similar, and single genes sometimes lack the information to determine species' relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia V Annenkova
- Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Dag Ahrén
- Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Infrastructures for Life Sciences (BILS), Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Science (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, E08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anke Kremp
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Erik Palmenin aukio 1, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karin Rengefors
- Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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Bridging the gap between morphological species and molecular barcodes – Exemplified by loricate choanoflagellates. Eur J Protistol 2017; 57:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Azovsky AI, Tikhonenkov DV, Mazei YA. An Estimation of the Global Diversity and Distribution of the Smallest Eukaryotes: Biogeography of Marine Benthic Heterotrophic Flagellates. Protist 2016; 167:411-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Moustaka-Gouni M, Kormas KA, Scotti M, Vardaka E, Sommer U. Warming and Acidification Effects on Planktonic Heterotrophic Pico- and Nanoflagellates in a Mesocosm Experiment. Protist 2016; 167:389-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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A phylogenetic and morphological re-investigation of Diaphanoeca spiralifurca, Didymoeca elongata and Polyoeca dichotoma (Acanthoecida/Choanomonadida) from the Caribbean Sea. Eur J Protistol 2016; 52:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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