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Xu Y, Ni Y, Yang J, Wu J, Lin Y, Li J, Zeng W, Zeng Y, Huang D, Wu X, Shao J, Li Q, Zhu Z. The relationship between the psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a model of conditioned processes mediated by negative emotions and moderated by deliberate rumination. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:357. [PMID: 38890704 PMCID: PMC11186135 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted the attention of researchers. For the present study researchers constructed a mediation model to explore the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth, the mediating role of negative emotions and the moderating role of deliberate rumination in students. METHODS The Psychological Resilience Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Event Related Rumination Inventory were used in a survey of 881 college students. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and the PROCESS plugin (version 3.3). RESULTS (1) Psychological resilience is positively related with post-traumatic growth. Deliberate rumination is positively related to psychological resilience, posttraumatic growth, and negative emotions. Psychological resilience, post-traumatic growth and negative emotions are negatively related. (2) Negative emotions mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth. (3) Deliberate rumination plays a moderating role in psychological resilience affecting negative emotions. Deliberate rumination plays a moderating role in the extent to which psychological resilience influences PTG through negative emotions. CONCLUSIONS Psychological resilience affects post-traumatic growth directly and also indirectly through negative emotions. With the increase of mental resilience, the level of negative emotion tended to decrease. When individuals are experiencing negative emotions, high levels of active rumination are more likely to promote post-traumatic growth. This study helps to explore the factors affecting the mental health of college students during the epidemic, thus providing guidance for appropriate mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Xu
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yonghui Ni
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiayan Yang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yating Lin
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jialu Li
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Yuqing Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dongtao Huang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xingrou Wu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinlian Shao
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Office of International Cooperation and Exchange, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
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Lei LKS, Suen YN, Hui CLM, Chan SKW, Lee EHM, Michael WTH, Chen EYH. Age-related differences in the impact of resilience on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6087. [PMID: 38613130 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated changes in mental health in Hong Kong over two years and examined the role of resilience and age in mitigating the negative effects of public health emergencies, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Complete data of interest from two telephone surveys conducted in 2020 (n = 1182) and 2021 (n = 1108) were analysed. Participants self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire 4-item version (PHQ), psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) using three items from the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief (PQB), and resilience using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 2-item version (CD-RISC-2). RESULTS We observed an increase in the percentage of participants with high depressive and anxiety symptoms and PLEs from 1.6% to 6.5% between 2020 and 2021. The likelihood of having high depressive and anxiety symptoms or PLEs depended on resilience and age, with no significant between-year differences. Resilience and age interaction effects were significant when comparing the high PHQ-high PQB group to the low PHQ-low PQB group only in 2021 but not in 2020. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in Hong Kong, emphasising the age-dependent nature of resilience in mitigating negative effects. Future research should explore the mechanisms by which resilience promotes mental health and well-being and identify ways to enhance resilience among older individuals during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ka Shun Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Nam Suen
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christy Lai Ming Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin Ho Ming Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wong Tak Hing Michael
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Resilience level and its association with maladaptive coping behaviours in the COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey of the general populations. Global Health 2023; 19:1. [PMID: 36597129 PMCID: PMC9808687 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-022-00903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has induced a significant global concern on mental health. However few studies have measured the ability of individuals to "withstand setbacks, adapt positively, and bounce back from adversity" on a global scale. We aimed to examine the level of resilience, its determinants, and its association with maladaptive coping behaviours during the pandemic. METHODS The Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) conducted a global survey involving 26 countries by online, self-administered questionnaire (October 2020-December 2021). It was piloted-tested and validated by an expert panel of epidemiologists and primary care professionals. We collected data on socio-demographics, socioeconomic status, clinical information, lifestyle habits, and resilience levels measured by the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) among adults aged ≥ 18 years. We examined factors associated with low resilience level, and evaluated whether low resilience was correlated with engagement of maladaptive coping behaviours. RESULTS From 1,762 surveys, the prevalence of low resilience level (BRS score 1.00-2.99) was 36.4% (America/Europe) and 24.1% (Asia Pacific). Young age (18-29 years; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.31-0.58 in older age groups), female gender (aOR = 1.72, 95% C.I. = 1.34-2.20), poorer financial situation in the past 6 months (aOR = 2.32, 95% C.I. = 1.62-3.34), the presence of one (aOR = 1.56, 95% C.I. = 1.19-2.04) and more than two (aOR = 2.32, 95% C.I. = 1.59-3.39) medical conditions were associated with low resilience level. Individuals with low resilience were significantly more likely to consume substantially more alcohol than usual (aOR = 3.84, 95% C.I. = 1.62-9.08), take considerably more drugs (aOR = 12.1, 95% C.I. = 2.72-54.3), buy supplements believed to be good for treating COVID-19 (aOR = 3.34, 95% C.I. = 1.56-7.16), exercise less than before the pandemic (aOR = 1.76, 95% C.I. = 1.09-2.85), consume more unhealthy food than before the pandemic (aOR = 2.84, 95% C.I. = 1.72-4.67), self-isolate to stay away from others to avoid infection (aOR = 1.83, 95% C.I. = 1.09-3.08), have an excessive urge to disinfect hands for avoidance of disease (aOR = 3.08, 95% C.I. = 1.90-4.99) and transmission (aOR = 2.54, 95% C.I. = 1.57-4.10). CONCLUSIONS We found an association between low resilience and maladaptive coping behaviours in the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk factors identified for low resilience in this study were also conditions known to be related to globalization-related economic and social inequalities. Our findings could inform design of population-based, resilience-enhancing intervention programmes.
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Xu Y, Wu J, Li Q, Zeng W, Wu C, Yang Y, Chen Z, Xu Z. The Impact of Intrusive Rumination on College Students’ Creativity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Effect of Post-traumatic Growth and the Moderating Role of Psychological Resilience. Front Psychol 2022; 13:789844. [PMID: 35478749 PMCID: PMC9035673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.789844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeCollege students in the pandemic area are experiencing the problems caused by COVID-19 by themselves or people around them, how to cope with the sudden changes and adjust the psychological stress response, and get experience and grow in the fight against the pandemic is a question worth in-depth discussion. The researchers constructed a mediated regulation model to examine the effects of intrusive rumination on the creativity of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the mediating effect of post-traumatic growth and the moderating role of psychological resilience.MethodsA sample of 475 university students from Guangdong Province, China, were surveyed with the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale, the Event Related Rumination Inventory, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Psychological Resilience Scale. SPSS (version 23) and PROCESS (version 3.3) were used for correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and mediated moderation analysis.Results(1) Intrusive rumination was positively correlated with post-traumatic growth and creativity but negatively correlated with psychological resilience. Psychological resilience was positively correlated with post-traumatic growth and creativity. Post-traumatic growth and creativity were positively correlated. (2) Post-traumatic growth played a mediating role in the relationship between intrusive rumination and creativity. (3) Psychological resilience moderated the first half of the pathway “intrusive rumination → post-traumatic growth → creativity.”ConclusionIntrusive rumination affected creativity directly and also indirectly through post-traumatic growth. At the same time, psychological resilience played a moderating role between intrusive rumination and creativity. The correlation between intrusive rumination and post-traumatic growth was stronger when levels of psychological resilience levels were higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Xu
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zeng,
| | - Chujin Wu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Yang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Xu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Murphy M, Lami A, Moret-Tatay C. An Italian Adaptation of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) and Attitudes During the Covid-19 Outbreak. Front Psychol 2021; 12:641213. [PMID: 34276468 PMCID: PMC8281311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience has attracted the interest of the scientific community during the Covid-19 outbreak, as a protective factor in mental health. As the migrant population arguably has one of the most vulnerable profiles in the current health crisis, the aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) across native and migrant residents in Italy, and to compare scores across these two populations. Other personal attitudes to the current restrictions were considered. Preliminary psychometrics were tested in a version of the translated instrument with an independent sample. A second independent sample was used to analyse the differences between migrant and native adults. The results showed no differences between the new version and the previous Spanish adaptation or the original instrument. Moreover, no differences were found between the migrant and non-migrant group. BRCS scores were predicted by attitudes toward Covid-19 but not by migrant or native group. These results suggest that the BRCS may be a useful tool to measure resilience in Italy at time of pandemic, irrespective of cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea Lami
- European Asylum Support Office, Rome, Italy.,MEB Laboratory, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Moret-Tatay
- MEB Laboratory, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Verdolini N, Amoretti S, Montejo L, García-Rizo C, Hogg B, Mezquida G, Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Vallespir C, Radua J, Martinez-Aran A, Pacchiarotti I, Rosa AR, Bernardo M, Vieta E, Torrent C, Solé B. Resilience and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2021; 283:156-164. [PMID: 33556749 PMCID: PMC7845537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is a process that allows recovery from or adaptation to adversities. The aim of this study was to evaluate state resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in psychiatric patients (PP), unaffected relatives (UR) and community controls (CC). METHODS This study is part of the Barcelona ResIlience Survey for Mental Health COVID-19 (BRIS-MHC) project. Logistic regression models were performed to identify mental health outcomes associated with bad state resilience and predictors of good state resilience. The association between state resilience and specific affective temperaments as well as their influence on the association between depressive symptoms and state resilience were verified. RESULTS The study recruited 898 participants that took part in the survey. The presence of depressive symptoms was a predictor of bad state resilience in PP (β=0.110, OR=1.117, p=0.028). No specific mental health outcome was associated with bad state resilience in UR and CC. Predictors of good state resilience in PP were having pursued hobbies/conducted home tasks (β=1.261, OR=3.528, p=0.044) and level of organization in the family (β=0.986, OR=2.682, p=0.008). Having a controlling family was inversely associated with good state resilience in CC (β=-1.004, OR=0.367, p=0.012). The association between bad state resilience and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by affective temperaments. LIMITATIONS Participants self-reported their psychiatric diagnoses, their relatives' diagnoses or the absence of a psychiatric disorder, as well as their psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Enhancing resilience and coping strategies in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic might have important implications in terms of mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Verdolini
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montejo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Clemente García-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bridget Hogg
- Centre Fórum Research Unit, Parc de Salut Mar, 410, Llull St., 08019, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 88, Dr. Aiguader St., 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Predoctoral program, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), UAB Campus, Plaça Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), 2350, Ramiro Barcelos St., 211, Protásio Alves Av., Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Health science basic Institute, Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 110, Paulo Gama Av., Farroupilha, Porto Alegre - RS, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Catalina Vallespir
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) group, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anabel Martinez-Aran
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adriane R Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), 2350, Ramiro Barcelos St., 211, Protásio Alves Av., Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Health science basic Institute, Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 110, Paulo Gama Av., Farroupilha, Porto Alegre - RS, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Carla Torrent
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Brisa Solé
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Fuchs R, Glaude M, Hansel T, Osofsky J, Osofsky H. Adolescent risk substance use behavior, posttraumatic stress, depression, and resilience: Innovative considerations for disaster recovery. Subst Abus 2020; 42:358-365. [PMID: 32813991 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2020.1784357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural and technological disasters cause long-term psychological trauma and increase substance use in adults. It is unclear whether these problems also occur in children and whether trauma influences long-term psychological outcomes due to developmental stages at the time of trauma. One community of interest is located in southeastern Louisiana, where, as children, many locals were exposed to Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in 2010. We hypothesized individuals exposed to these disasters in early childhood would exhibit higher rates of anxiety, depression, and alcohol use as adolescents than the general population. To test this, we developed a questionnaire with a focus on severity of disaster exposure, indicators of psychological resilience, and current levels of anxiety, depression, and alcohol use. This survey was administered to over 1000 adolescents in local high schools throughout southeastern Louisiana. Structural equation modeling was performed to test correlations and moderation effects. We found disaster exposure was positively associated with trauma-like symptoms and substance use and psychological resilience was negatively related to these outcomes. These findings demonstrate childhood disaster exposure has the potential to cause chronic psychological distress and predispose individuals to substance use later in life. They also suggest resilience may be protective for disaster survivors. Future studies should expand these concepts to other age groups and types of disasters. Whether resilience-focused psychotherapy may be beneficial in these populations is also a relevant topic for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fuchs
- Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Maurya Glaude
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tonya Hansel
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joy Osofsky
- Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Howard Osofsky
- Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Rung AL, Oral E, Berghammer L, Peters ES. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Mindfulness Meditation Intervention Among Women: Intervention Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e15943. [PMID: 32442147 PMCID: PMC7298633 DOI: 10.2196/15943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional mindfulness-based stress reduction programs are resource intensive for providers and time- and cost-intensive for participants, but the use of mobile technologies may be particularly convenient and cost-effective for populations that are busy, less affluent, or geographically distant from skilled providers. Women in southern Louisiana live in a vulnerable, disaster-prone region and are highly stressed, making a mobile program particularly suited to this population. Objective This study aimed to (1) assess the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile mindfulness app in real-world conditions in a pilot study of a community sample of women residing in southern Louisiana, (2) describe predictors of app usage, and (3) assess the effect of the app on secondary health outcomes. Methods Women were recruited from an oil spill study on health. A total of 236 women completed a baseline survey, were offered the mobile mindfulness program, and completed a follow-up survey. Subjects were asked to download and use the app for at least 30 days for 10 min. All study procedures were completed on the web. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability of the app and characteristics of app utilization. Secondary outcomes included mindfulness, depression, perceived stress, sleep quality, physical activity, BMI, and healthy eating. Results Overall, 74.2% (236/318) of subjects completed the follow-up survey, and 13.5% (43/318) used the app. The main barrier to app usage was lack of time, cited by 37% (16/43) of users and 48.7% (94/193) of nonusers of the app. Women who chose to use the app were more highly educated (16/43, 63% had a college education vs 65/193, 33.7% of nonparticipants; P<.001), had higher incomes (23/43, 58% had incomes >US $50,000 per year vs 77/193, 43.0% of nonparticipants), and were employed (34/43, 79% vs 122/193, 63.2% of nonparticipants; P=.047). Those who engaged with the app did so at high levels, with 72% (31/43) of participants self-reporting the completion of some or all sessions and 74% (32/43) reporting high levels of satisfaction with the app. Participation with the app had a beneficial impact on depression (odds ratio [OR] 0.3, 95% CI 0.11-0.81), sleep quality (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02-0.96), sleep duration (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.07-0.86), sleep latency (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.11-0.81), and physical activity (2.8 95% CI 1.0-7.8), but mindfulness scores did not change from baseline to follow-up. Conclusions The Headspace mobile mindfulness app was easy and cost-effective to implement and acceptable to those who participated, but few women elected to try it. The unique characteristics of this southern Louisiana population suggest that more intense promotion of the benefits of mindfulness training is needed, perhaps in conjunction with some therapist or researcher support. Several short-term benefits of the app were identified, particularly for depression and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Lisann Rung
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Evrim Oral
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Edward S Peters
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Antecedents of women managers’ resilience: conceptual discussion and implications for HRM. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ijoa-07-2018-1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to provide a framework with the antecedents of women managers’ resilience in SMEs.
Design/methodology/approach
This developmental study uses a comprehensive literature review and a set of propositions to identify the antecedent of women managers’ resilience and develops a conceptual framework for resilience.
Findings
The results indicate that in addition to personal resilience traits, interactive engagement with the work environment, career adaptability and positive human resource management (HRM) interventions are the main antecedents of women managers’ resilience.
Research limitations/implications
This paper contributes to theory by providing a new perspective on the study of resilience as a process at the organisational level and as a trait at personal level. It contributes to the women employee-centric resilience discussion in HRM literature and explores the relationship between resilience and women managers’ career progression. This is a developmental study, and despite the strengths of the undertaken approach, there are a number of limitations due to the lack of empirical evidence. Therefore, future research activities should focus on validating the framework and determining any potential boundaries of this resilience framework.
Practical implications
The study reveals a number of practical implications leading to a recommended resilience toolkit for HR managers of organisations to develop and promote resilience in their women managers and aspiring managers.
Social implications
The social implications of this study include the social relationships within the work-setting, better employee engagement and interaction with the work environment and flexible career progression pathways.
Originality/value
The paper is based on rich conceptual and theoretical discussion that identifies the key antecedents of women managers’ resilience. The study also conceptually establishes the moderating relationship between women managers’ resilience and work stress and burnout.
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Cherry KE, Sampson L, Galea S, Marks LD, Stanko KE, Nezat PF, Baudoin KH. Spirituality, Humor, and Resilience After Natural and Technological Disasters. J Nurs Scholarsh 2018; 50:492-501. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie E. Cherry
- Department of PsychologyLouisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Laura Sampson
- School of Public HealthBoston University Boston MA USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- School of Public HealthBoston University Boston MA USA
| | - Loren D. Marks
- School of Family LifeBrigham Young University Provo UT USA
| | - Katie E. Stanko
- Department of PsychologyLouisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Pamela F. Nezat
- Department of PsychologyLouisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Kayla H. Baudoin
- Department of PsychologyLouisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
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Perceptions of Resilience and Physical Health Symptom Improvement Following Post Disaster Integrated Health Services. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2018; 13:223-229. [PMID: 29916794 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2018.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Theorists and researchers have linked resilience with a host of positive psychological and physical health outcomes. This paper examines perceptions of resilience and physical health symptoms in a sample of individuals exposed to multiple community disasters following involvement in integrated mental health services. METHODS A multiwave naturalistic design was used to follow 762 adult clinic patients (72% female; 28% minority status), ages 18-92 years (mean age=40 years), who were evaluated for resilience and physical health symptoms prior to receiving services and at 1, 3, and 6 months' follow-up. RESULTS Data indicated increases in perceptions of resilience and decreased physical health symptoms reported over time. Results also indicated that resilience predicted physical health symptoms, such that resilience and physical health symptoms were negatively associated (ie, improved resilience was associated with decreases in physical health symptoms). These effects were primarily observed for those individuals with previous exposure to natural disasters. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide correlational evidence for behavioral health treatment provided as part of a stepped-care, collaborative model in reducing physical health symptoms and increasing resilience post-disaster. Controlled trials are warranted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:223-229).
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Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Coastal Residents After Multiple Disasters. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2016; 11:90-96. [PMID: 27974075 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2016.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to multiple disasters, both natural and technological, is associated with extreme stress and long-term consequences for older adults that are not well understood. In this article, we address age differences in health-related quality of life in older disaster survivors exposed to the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the role played by social engagement in influencing these differences. METHODS Participants were noncoastal residents, current coastal residents, and current coastal fishers who were economically affected by the BP oil spill. Social engagement was estimated on the basis of disruptions in charitable work and social support after the 2005 hurricanes relative to a typical year before the storms. Criterion measures were participants' responses to the SF-36 Health Survey which includes composite indexes of physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health. RESULTS The results of logistic regressions indicated that age was inversely associated with SF-36 PCS scores. A reduction in perceived social support after Hurricane Katrina was also inversely associated with SF-36 MCS scores. CONCLUSIONS These results illuminate risk factors that impact well-being among older adults after multiple disasters. Implications of these data for psychological adjustment after multiple disasters are considered. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:90-96).
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Posttraumatic Adaptation after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: the Unique Role of Coping and Oil Contact on Community Members’ Stress. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-016-9513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Laffon B, Pásaro E, Valdiglesias V. Effects of exposure to oil spills on human health: Updated review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2016; 19:105-28. [PMID: 27221976 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1168730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills may involve health risks for people participating in the cleanup operations and coastal inhabitants, given the toxicological properties of the oil components. In spite of this, only after a few major oil spills (crude oil or fuel oil no. 6) have studies on effects of exposure to diverse aspects of human health been performed. Previously, Aguilera et al. (2010) examined all documents published to that date dealing with any type of human health outcome in populations exposed to oil spills. The aim of the present review was to compile all new information available and determine whether evidence reported supports the existence of an association between exposure and adverse human health risks. Studies were classified in three groups according to type of health outcome addressed: (i) effects on mental health, (ii) physical/physiological effects, and (iii) genotoxic, immunotoxic, and endocrine toxicity. New studies published on oil-spill-exposed populations-coastal residents in the vicinity of the spills or participants in cleanup operations-provide additional support to previous evidence on adverse health effects related to exposure regarding different parameters in all three categories considered. Some of the observed effects even indicated that several symptoms may persist for some years after exposure. Hence, (1) health protection in these individuals should be a matter of concern; and (2) health risk assessment needs to be carried out not only at the time of exposure but also for prolong periods following exposure, to enable early detection of any potential exposure-related harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Laffon
- a DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Coruña , Spain
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- a DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Coruña , Spain
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- a DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Coruña , Spain
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Cherry KE, Sampson L, Galea S, Marks LD, Nezat PF, Baudoin KH, Lyon BA. Optimism and Hope After Multiple Disasters: Relationships to Health-Related Quality of Life. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2016.1187047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Osofsky JD, Osofsky HJ, Weems CF, King LS, Hansel TC. Trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among youth exposed to both natural and technological disasters. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:1347-55. [PMID: 25898776 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theorists and researchers have demonstrated multiple trajectories of symptoms following disasters (Ecology and Society, 13, 2008, 9), highlighting the importance of obtaining more knowledge about exposed youth who demonstrate resilience as well as those who suffer chronic difficulties. This paper examines trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following exposure to hurricanes and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill to increase understanding of resilience and chronic reactions to both natural and technological disasters. METHODS A multiwave longitudinal design was used to follow N = 4,619 youth who were evaluated for PTSD symptoms, hurricane exposure, and oil spill exposure/stress at four time points over a period of 4 years. Trajectories were identified with cluster analyses and multilevel modeling. RESULTS Individual trajectories were statistically identified consistent with theory. The largest group exhibited stable-low symptoms (52%), a second group showed steep declines following initial symptoms (21%), a third group exhibited increasing symptoms (18%), and a fourth group showed stable-high symptoms (9%). Both hurricane exposure and oil spill stress predicted trajectories and overall levels of PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results identified an effect of oil spill stress and hurricane exposure on symptom levels and trajectories of exposed youth. Results provide prospective data to support theories of multiple symptom trajectories following disasters and reinforce the importance of research that utilizes a developmental perspective to consider the long-term effects of disasters in youth. Findings highlight the importance of identifying symptoms and predictors of resilience as well as factors that contribute to resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy D Osofsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Howard J Osofsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carl F Weems
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lucy S King
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tonya C Hansel
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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18
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Cherry KE, Lyon BA, Marks LD, Nezat PF, Adamek R, Walsh SD, Fitzgerald KB, Anbinder DR, Bernacchio CV. After the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Financial and Health Concerns Among Coastal Residents and Commercial Fishers. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-015-9372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Perceptions of Trauma and Loss among Children and Adolescents Exposed to Disasters a Mixed-Methods Study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-015-9348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Children's Play Environment after a Disaster: The Great East Japan Earthquake. CHILDREN-BASEL 2015; 2:39-62. [PMID: 27417348 PMCID: PMC4928754 DOI: 10.3390/children2010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, together with the subsequent tsunami and nuclear power station accident, damaged a wide area of land. Children who experienced these terrible disasters and the post-disaster situation are still suffering in mental, physical and social ways. Children’s play is an activity that they undertake naturally and which can help them recover from such disasters. This paper addresses the role of play, adventure playgrounds and other play interventions, including play buses, for the health triangle, which addresses mental, physical and social issues of children after the disasters. These interventions were shown to be effective because children could express their stress. This included play for their mental health, different body movements for their physical health and communication with playworkers and new friends for restructuring their social health. These three aspects relate to and support each other within the health triangle. An increase in childhood obesity and lack of exercise is an additional health issue in Fukushima. For a balanced recovery within the health triangle, more play environments should be provided and some improved. A child’s right to play should be implemented in the recovery stage after a disaster.
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Southwick SM, Bonanno GA, Masten AS, Panter-Brick C, Yehuda R. Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2014; 5:25338. [PMID: 25317257 PMCID: PMC4185134 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 832] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, inspired by the plenary panel at the 2013 meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Dr. Steven Southwick (chair) and multidisciplinary panelists Drs. George Bonanno, Ann Masten, Catherine Panter-Brick, and Rachel Yehuda tackle some of the most pressing current questions in the field of resilience research including: (1) how do we define resilience, (2) what are the most important determinants of resilience, (3) how are new technologies informing the science of resilience, and (4) what are the most effective ways to enhance resilience? These multidisciplinary experts provide insight into these difficult questions, and although each of the panelists had a slightly different definition of resilience, most of the proposed definitions included a concept of healthy, adaptive, or integrated positive functioning over the passage of time in the aftermath of adversity. The panelists agreed that resilience is a complex construct and it may be defined differently in the context of individuals, families, organizations, societies, and cultures. With regard to the determinants of resilience, there was a consensus that the empirical study of this construct needs to be approached from a multiple level of analysis perspective that includes genetic, epigenetic, developmental, demographic, cultural, economic, and social variables. The empirical study of determinates of resilience will inform efforts made at fostering resilience, with the recognition that resilience may be enhanced on numerous levels (e.g., individual, family, community, culture).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Southwick
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA ; National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (NCPTSD), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - George A Bonanno
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Colombia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann S Masten
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Rachel Yehuda
- Division of Traumatic Stress Studies, Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters Bronx VA and Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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