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Polin C, Lacroix A, Boutet C, Schneider F, Cartz-Piver L, Diebolt C, Clément JP, Calvet B. The relationship between semantic and episodic memory: evidence from a case of severe anterograde amnesia. Cogn Neuropsychol 2023; 40:95-118. [PMID: 37632139 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2023.2250532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly being recognized that new declarative, consciously accessible information can be learned in anterograde amnesia, but it is not clear whether this learning is supported by episodic or semantic memory. We report a case of a 55-year-old man who experienced severe amnesia after limited damage to the medial temporal lobe following neurosurgical complications. His general cognitive performance and knowledge of new French words and public events that occurred before and after the onset of amnesia were assessed. Performance remained satisfactory on post-morbid vocabulary and public events, with a drop in performance observed for very recent public events only, while knowledge of very recent vocabulary was comparable to that of the control subjects. The implications of these findings for our understanding of the underlying learning mechanisms are discussed. This is the first report of acquisition of consciously accessible postmorbid knowledge of public events in a patient with severe amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Polin
- Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche du Limousin, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agé et d'Addictologie, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT-Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Aurélie Lacroix
- Unité de Recherche et d'Innovation, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT-Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Claire Boutet
- Unité de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabien Schneider
- Unité de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Leslie Cartz-Piver
- Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche du Limousin, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agé et d'Addictologie, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
| | - Cécile Diebolt
- Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche du Limousin, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agé et d'Addictologie, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Clément
- Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche du Limousin, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agé et d'Addictologie, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT-Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Benjamin Calvet
- Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche du Limousin, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agé et d'Addictologie, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Unité de Recherche et d'Innovation, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT-Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
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Polin C, Gellé T, Auditeau E, Adou C, Clément JP, Calvet B. Repetitive Behaviors in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:483-497. [PMID: 37781801 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive behaviors (RBs) are a well-known symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, they have been little studied and have not been the subject of any specific literature review. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of all studies to document RBs in AD. METHODS An extensive literature search combining five databases and a meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the frequency, nature, and cognitive correlates of RBs in AD. RESULTS Ten studies were included in the review. Seven studies out of ten investigated the frequency of RBs in patients with AD, which ranged from 52.3% to 87%. A meta-analysis showed an overall frequency of 66.3% (95% CI: 55.5; 77.1) of patients exhibiting RBs in AD, but important heterogeneity was observed between studies. Three studies investigated the predominant nature of RBs in AD. Verbal RBs, complex behavioral stereotypies, and simple motor stereotypies have been identified to different degrees depending on the level of dementia. Most verbal RBs are underpinned by episodic memory impairment, while simple motor stereotypies and complex behavioral stereotypies are mostly underpinned by executive dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The current review seems to suggest that there are two types of mechanisms underpinning RBs involved in AD. The first is observed especially in the mild stages of the disease and is mediated by episodic memory impairment. The second occurs later and is mediated by executive impairment. Additional studies should be conducted to improve the knowledge about RBs in AD and thus improve their management.Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO 2022: CRD42022310027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Polin
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche du Limousin, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agé et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, University of Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Thibaut Gellé
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, University of Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Emilie Auditeau
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, University of Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Caroline Adou
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, University of Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Clément
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche du Limousin, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agé et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, University of Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Benjamin Calvet
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche du Limousin, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agé et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, University of Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Online tools can be used by people with dementia and their caregivers to self-identify and track troubling symptoms, such as verbal repetition. We aimed to explore verbal repetition behaviors in people with dementia. METHODS Participants were recruited via an online resource for people with dementia and their caregivers. Respondents were instructed to complete information about symptoms that are most important to them for tracking over time. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data pertaining to individuals with dementia who had at least three symptoms selected for tracking. RESULTS Of the 3,573 participants who began a user profile, 1,707 fulfilled criteria for analysis. Verbal repetition was identified as a treatment target in 807 respondents (47.3%). Verbal repetition was more frequent in individuals with mild dementia compared to those with moderate and severe dementia (57.2% vs. 36.0% and 39.9%, p < 0.01) and in those with Alzheimer's disease versus other dementias (65.2% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.001). Repetitive questioning was the most frequent type of verbal repetition (90.5% of individuals with verbal repetition). Verbal repetition was most strongly associated with difficulties operating gadgets/appliances (OR 3.65, 95%CI: 2.82-4.72), lack of interest and/or initiative (3.52: 2.84-4.36), misplacing or losing objects (3.25: 2.64-4.01), and lack of attention and/or concentration (2.62: 2.12-3.26). CONCLUSIONS Verbal repetition is a common symptom in people at all stages of dementia but is most commonly targeted for monitoring and treatment effects in its mild stage. Much research is required to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the effect of different treatment strategies.
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Abstract
This review compares the biological and physiological function of Sigma receptors [σRs] and their potential therapeutic roles. Sigma receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and across multiple peripheral tissues. σRs consist of sigma receptor one (σ1R) and sigma receptor two (σ2R) and are expressed in numerous regions of the brain. The sigma receptor was originally proposed as a subtype of opioid receptors and was suggested to contribute to the delusions and psychoses induced by benzomorphans such as SKF-10047 and pentazocine. Later studies confirmed that σRs are non-opioid receptors (not an µ opioid receptor) and play a more diverse role in intracellular signaling, apoptosis and metabolic regulation. σ1Rs are intracellular receptors acting as chaperone proteins that modulate Ca2+ signaling through the IP3 receptor. They dynamically translocate inside cells, hence are transmembrane proteins. The σ1R receptor, at the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, is responsible for mitochondrial metabolic regulation and promotes mitochondrial energy depletion and apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated that they play a role as a modulator of ion channels (K+ channels; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors [NMDAR]; inositol 1,3,5 triphosphate receptors) and regulate lipid transport and metabolism, neuritogenesis, cellular differentiation and myelination in the brain. σ1R modulation of Ca2+ release, modulation of cardiac myocyte contractility and may have links to G-proteins. It has been proposed that σ1Rs are intracellular signal transduction amplifiers. This review of the literature examines the mechanism of action of the σRs, their interaction with neurotransmitters, pharmacology, location and adverse effects mediated through them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Rousseaux
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada and
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Cipriani G, Vedovello M, Ulivi M, Nuti A, Lucetti C. Repetitive and stereotypic phenomena and dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:223-7. [PMID: 23512997 PMCID: PMC10852852 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513481094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral disturbances of dementia, such as repetitive and stereotypic phenomena, can be distressing to caregivers and may lead to early institutionalization of the patient. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to examine the phenomenon of repetitive phenomena in patients with dementia. METHODS We searched the PubMed electronic databases for original research and review articles on repetitive phenomena in patients with dementia using the search terms "repetitive behavior, stereotypic behavior, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal dementia." RESULTS Repetitive and stereotypic phenomena are common problems in dementia, which may reflect a disruption of coordinated function within the basal ganglia or corticostriatal structures. CONCLUSIONS There are no systematic studies concerning repetitive phenomena in patients with dementia, and very little is known about the treatment. Further studies are needed to determine the specific phenomena.
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