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Xu C, Sun D, Liu Y, Pan Z, Dai Z, Chen F, Guo R, Chen R, Shi Z, Ying S. Effects of ambient temperature on growth performance, slaughter traits, meat quality and serum antioxidant function in Pekin duck. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1363355. [PMID: 38601909 PMCID: PMC11005821 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1363355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of temperature on growth performance, slaughtering traits, meat quality and antioxidant function of Pekin ducks from 21-42 d of age. Single factor analysis of variance was used in this experiment, 144 21 d-old Pekin ducks were randomly allotted to 4 environmentally controlled chambers: T20 (20°C), T23 (23°C), T26 (26°C) and T29 (29°C), with 3 replicates in each group (12 ducks in each replicate), the relative humidity of all groups is 74%. During the 21-day trial period, feed and water were freely available. At 42 d, the BW (body weight) and ADG (average daily gain) of T26 were significantly lower than T20 (p < 0.05), and the T29 was significantly lower than T20 and T23 (p < 0.05). The ADFI (average daily feed intake) of T26 and T29 were significantly lower than T20 and T23 (p < 0.05). Compared to the T29, the T20 showed a significant increase oblique body length and chest width, and both the keel length and thigh muscle weight significantly increased in both the T20 and T23, while the pectoral muscle weight increased significantly in other groups (p < 0.05). The cooking loss of the T29 was the lowest (p < 0.05). The T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity) of T29 was significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05), the SOD (superoxide dismutase) in the T29 was significantly higher than the T23 and T26 (p < 0.05). In conditions of 74% relative humidity, the BW and ADFI of Pekin ducks significantly decrease when the environmental temperature exceeds 26°C, and the development of body size and muscle weight follows this pattern. The growth development and serum redox state of Pekin ducks are more ideal and stable at temperatures of 20°C and 23°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agricultural, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyue Sun
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ziyi Pan
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zichun Dai
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rihong Guo
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijia Ying
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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Pourazadi Z, Salari S, Tabandeh MR, Abdollahi MR. Insoluble fibre and enzyme supplementation in mash or pellets diets on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens fed barley containing diets. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1399. [PMID: 38419291 PMCID: PMC10902562 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme supplementation and the inclusion of fibre in the barley-based diets have been some of the alternatives proposed to improve productivity in the absence of growth promoters. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate the effect of adding sunflower hulls (SFH), a multi-enzyme carbohydrate, and feed forms (mash and pellet) on performance and some physiological parameters in broiler chickens fed barley containing diets. METHODS Treatments were two feed forms (mash vs. pelleted), and four diets consisted of a barley-based diet (control, CTL) or test diets which contained either SFH at 30 g/kg, enzyme (ENZ; 0.2 g/kg) or combination of SFH and enzyme (SFH + ENZ). RESULTS The results showed that average daily feed intake and average daily gain were significantly increased in chickens that were fed ENZ (p < 0.05). The highest digestibility of ether extract (EE) was observed in the treatment containing SFH and SFH + ENZ (p < 0.05). The highest population of Lactobacillus spp. was observed in the treatment containing SFH (p < 0.05). The villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratios of duodenum and jejunum were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in broilers fed pellet diets compared to the mash. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that pellet diets reduce digesta viscosity and harmful microorganisms (Escherichia coli), increase growth performance, and improve intestinal morphology in barley-based diets. Moreover, SFH and ENZ had favourable effects on EE digestibility and caecal microbial population of broilers fed with barley containing diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Pourazadi
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology FacultyAgricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanAhvazIran
| | - Somayyeh Salari
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology FacultyAgricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanAhvazIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, Veterinary Medicine FacultyShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
- A2Z Poultry Feed DynamikZVilleurbanneFrance
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Zhang Y, Xue J, Chen Y, Huang X, Liu Z, Zhong H, Xie Q, Luo Y, Wang Q, Wang C. Modulation of Performance, Plasma Constituents, Small Intestinal Morphology, and Cecum Microbiota in Growing Geese by Dietary Citric Acid Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:660. [PMID: 38473044 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the efficiency and optimum inclusion level of CA in growing geese diets on performance, plasma constituents, and intestinal health, 240 healthy female geese at the age of 28d were randomly allotted six treatment diets incorporated with 0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4% CA. Each treatment group consisted of five replicates and eight birds per replicate. The findings demonstrated that 3.2% CA supplementation resulted in improved growth performance (ADG, ADFI, and FBW) (p = 0.001), and geese who received CA also showed lower body fat contents (p < 0.05) than the control group. Moreover, geese from the 2.4% and 3.2% CA group had the highest plasma glutathione peroxidase and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). A microbial diversity analysis of the cecum conducted by 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that 3.2% CA supplementation showed a significantly higher abundance of beneficial bacteria (Muribaculaceae, CHKCI001, Erysipelotricha-ceae_UCG_003, and UCG_009) (p < 0.05) and a lower abundance of harmful bacteria (Atopobiaceae, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Alistipes) (p < 0.10). Collectively, our results revealed that dietary supplementation with 3.2% CA had several benefits on the performance and physiological health of growing geese by promoting nutrients metabolism, improving antioxidant capacity, and modulating cecum microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zuolan Liu
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Hang Zhong
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Qun Xie
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Qigui Wang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
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Kim DH, Song JY, Park J, Kwon BY, Lee KW. The Effect of Low Temperature on Laying Performance and Physiological Stress Responses in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3824. [PMID: 38136861 PMCID: PMC10741227 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of low temperature on laying performance, egg quality, body temperature, yolk malondialdehyde, yolk corticosterone, and serum biochemistry in laying hens. A total of 40 laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) aged 36 weeks were housed in one of two environmental chambers kept at 12 ± 4.5 °C (low temperature) or 24 ± 3 °C (normal temperature) for 4 weeks. Low vs. normal temperature significantly increased (p < 0.05) live body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio in laying hens. Skin surface temperature, but not rectal temperature, was decreased in laying hens exposed to low vs. normal temperature. Hens exposed to low temperature laid an intense eggshell color compared with those raised in a normal temperature. Malondialdehyde concentrations in yolk were increased in low-temperature-exposed laying hens compared with those at normal temperature conditions, but this effect was only noted on day 7, post the low-temperature exposure (p = 0.04). Finally, low vs. normal temperature increased the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum. Collectively, this study indicates that exposure to low temperature in laying hens initially disrupted antioxidant system and altered lipid metabolism in laying hens without inducing stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.P.); (B.-Y.K.)
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Schmidt CG, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Berg C, Edwards S, Knierim U, Riber A, Salamon A, Tiemann I, Fabris C, Manakidou A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Van der Stede Y, Vitali M, Velarde A. Welfare of ducks, geese and quail on farm. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07992. [PMID: 37200855 PMCID: PMC10186070 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This Scientific Opinion concerns the welfare of Domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata domesticus) and their hybrids (Mule ducks), Domestic geese (Anser anser f. domesticus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) in relation to the rearing of breeders, birds for meat, Muscovy and Mule ducks and Domestic geese for foie gras and layer Japanese quail for egg production. The most common husbandry systems (HSs) in the European Union are described for each animal species and category. The following welfare consequences are described and assessed for each species: restriction of movement, injuries (bone lesions including fractures and dislocations, soft tissue lesions and integument damage and locomotory disorders including lameness), group stress, inability to perform comfort behaviour, inability to perform exploratory or foraging behaviour and inability to express maternal behaviour (related to prelaying and nesting behaviours). Animal-based measures relevant for the assessment of these welfare consequences were identified and described. The relevant hazards leading to the welfare consequences in the different HSs were identified. Specific factors such as space allowance (including minimum enclosure area and height) per bird, group size, floor quality, characteristics of nesting facilities and enrichment provided (including access to water to fulfil biological needs) were assessed in relation to the welfare consequences and, recommendations on how to prevent the welfare consequences were provided in a quantitative or qualitative way.
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Xue J, Huang X, Liu Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Wang B, Wang Q, Wang C. Effects of citric acid supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbiota, and blood parameters of geese from 1 to 28 days of age. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102343. [PMID: 36476679 PMCID: PMC9723943 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of citric acid (CA) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota, and blood parameters of geese from 1 to 28 d of age and evaluate the optimum additional level of citric acid. A total of 180 one-day-old male goslings were randomly allotted to 5 treatment groups of 36 birds with 6 replications. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00% of citric acid, respectively. The results showed that goslings fed the diet supplemented with 1.00% CA had higher final body weight (FBW) and average daily gain (ADG) than other groups (P < 0.05). The CA supplementation at 0.25 to 1.00% improved the morphology of duodenum or jejunum (P < 0.05). The jejunal content pH value was significantly reduced with the addition of CA compared with the control group (P < 0.05). As citric acid levels increased, the IgA concentrations in plasma increased and then decreased, and the goslings fed 1.00% CA supplementation had the highest IgA concentrations (P < 0.05). The supplementation of 1.00% and 2.00% CA in diet significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plasma (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found on some indices related to liver function in plasma (P > 0.05), while creatinine significantly increased by the 2.00% CA supplementation (P < 0.05). Besides, the higher Coliform level in cecal content and worse intestinal morphology were observed when CA supplementation was up to 2.00%. Hence, the dietary CA supplementation (especially 1.00%) in goslings improves the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity and antioxidant, while excessive CA addition may cause negative effects. According to the quadratic polynomial model, the addition of CA in diet for obtaining maximum average daily feed intake (ADFI) should be 1.09% (10.9 g/kg diet) for goslings from 1 to 28 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.J. Xue
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - X.F. Huang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Z.L. Liu
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Y. Chen
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Y.K. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Y. Luo
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - B.W. Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Q.G. Wang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - C. Wang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China,Corresponding author:
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