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Santos Musachio EA, da Silva Andrade S, Meichtry LB, Fernandes EJ, de Almeida PP, Janner DE, Dahleh MMM, Guerra GP, Prigol M. Exposure to Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S during development induces autism-like endophenotypes in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 103:107348. [PMID: 38554851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS) are being widely used by the industry with the claim of "safer substances", even with the scarcity of toxicological studies. Given the etiological gap of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the environment may be a causal factor, so we investigated whether exposure to BPF and BPS during the developmental period can induce ASD-like modeling in adult flies. Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed during development (embryonic and larval period) to concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM of BPF and BPS, separately inserted into the food. When they transformed into pupae were transferred to a standard diet, ensuring that the flies (adult stage) did not have contact with bisphenols. Thus, after hatching, consolidated behavioral tests were carried out for studies with ASD-type models in flies. It was observed that 1 mM BPF and BPS caused hyperactivity (evidenced by open-field test, negative geotaxis, increased aggressiveness and reproduction of repetitive behaviors). The flies belonging to the 1 mM groups of BPF and BPS also showed reduced cognitive capacity, elucidated by the learning behavior through aversive stimulus. Within the population dynamics that flies exposed to 1 mM BPF and 0.5 and 1 mM BPS showed a change in social interaction, remaining more distant from each other. Exposure to 1 mM BPF, 0.5 and 1 mM BPS increased brain size and reduced Shank immunoreactivity of adult flies. These findings complement each other and show that exposure to BPF and BPS during the development period can elucidate a model with endophenotypes similar to ASD in adult flies. Furthermore, when analyzing comparatively, BPS demonstrated a greater potential for damage when compared to BPF. Therefore, in general these data sets contradict the idea that these substances can be used freely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elize A Santos Musachio
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani da Silva Andrade
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliana Jardim Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Pamela Piardi de Almeida
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Dieniffer Espinosa Janner
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
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Song Y, Zhao Y, Baranova A, Cao H, Yue W, Zhang F. Causal association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Genet 2024; 34:37-42. [PMID: 38288984 PMCID: PMC10919267 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders that often result in individuals experiencing traumatic events. However, little is known about the connection between ADHD/ASD and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to investigate the genetic associations between these disorders. METHODS Genetic correlation analysis was used to examine the genetic components shared between ADHD (38 691 cases and 275 986 controls), ASD (18 381 cases and 27 969 controls) and PTSD (23 212 cases and 151 447 controls). Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were employed to explore the bidirectional causal relationships between ADHD/ASD and PTSD. RESULTS The results of the genetic correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations of PTSD with ADHD(r g = 0.70) and ASD (r g = 0.34). Furthermore, the Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that genetic liabilities to ADHD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.24; P = 7.88 × 10 -4 ] and ASD (OR = 1.04; CI, 1.01-1.08; P = 0.014) were associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD later in life. However, no evidence supported that genetic liability to PTSD could elevate the risk of ADHD or ASD. CONCLUSION The findings of this study supported that ADHD and ASD may increase the risk of PTSD, but not vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Song
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Bonti E, Zerva IK, Koundourou C, Sofologi M. The High Rates of Comorbidity among Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Reconsidering the Clinical Utility of Distinct Diagnostic Categories. J Pers Med 2024; 14:300. [PMID: 38541042 PMCID: PMC10971064 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The boundaries between neurodevelopmental disorders are often indistinct, even among specialists. But do these boundaries exist, or do experts struggle to distinguish and categorize symptoms in order to arrive at a dominant diagnosis while comorbidity continually leaves questions about where each disorder ends and begins? What should be reconsidered? The introduction of the term 'spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders' could pave the way for a re-appraisal of the clinical continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders. This study aims to highlight the problems that emerge in the field of the differential diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders and propose a renegotiation of the distinctiveness criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Bonti
- First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, Pavlos Melas, 564 29 Agios Pavlos, Greece;
- School of Education, Special Education Department, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Irini K. Zerva
- School of Education, Special Education Department, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christiana Koundourou
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos 8042, Cyprus; (C.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sofologi
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos 8042, Cyprus; (C.K.); (M.S.)
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Education School, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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Baranova A, Zhao Q, Cao H, Chandhoke V, Zhang F. Causal influences of neuropsychiatric disorders on Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:114. [PMID: 38395927 PMCID: PMC10891165 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have observed a significant comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and some other neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanistic connections between neuropsychiatric disorders and AD are not well understood. We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to appraise the potential influences of 18 neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders on AD. We found that four disorders are causally associated with increased risk for AD, including bipolar disorder (BD) (OR: 1.09), migraine (OR: 1.09), schizophrenia (OR: 1.05), and Parkinson's disease (PD) (OR: 1.07), while attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with a decreased risk for AD (OR: 0.80). In case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (OR: 1.04) and Tourette's syndrome (OR: 1.05), there was suggestive evidence of their causal effects of on AD. Our study shows that genetic components predisposing to BD, migraine, schizophrenia, and PD may promote the development of AD, while ADHD may be associated with a reduced risk of AD. The treatments aimed at alleviating neuropsychiatric diseases with earlier onset may also influence the risk of AD-related cognitive decline, which is typically observed later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
| | - Vikas Chandhoke
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, USA
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Chen F, Cao H, Baranova A, Zhao Q, Zhang F. Causal associations between COVID-19 and childhood mental disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:922. [PMID: 38066446 PMCID: PMC10704772 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can invade both the peripheral and central nervous systems and impact the function of the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the mutual influences between COVID-19 outcomes and childhood mental disorders. METHODS We examined genetic correlations and potential causalities between three childhood mental disorders and three COVID-19 phenotypes by genetically proxied analyses. The three mental disorders included attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, N = 292,548), Tourette's syndrome (TS, N = 14,307), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD, N = 46,350). The three COVID-19 traits included SARS-CoV-2 infection (N = 2,597,856), hospitalized COVID-19 (N = 2,095,324), and critical COVID-19 (N = 1,086,211). Literature-based analysis was used to build gene-based pathways connecting ADHD and COVID-19. RESULTS ADHD was positively correlated with the three COVID-19 outcomes (Rg: 0.22 ~ 0.30). Our Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses found that ADHD confers a causal effect on hospitalized COVID-19 (odds ratio (OR): 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.69). TS confers a causal effect on critical COVID-19 (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.25). Genetic liability to the COVID-19 outcomes may not increase the risk for the childhood mental disorders. Pathway analysis identified several immunity-related genes that may link ADHD to COVID-19, including CRP, OXT, IL6, PON1, AR, TNFSF12, and IL10. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that both ADHD and TS may augment the severity of COVID-19 through immunity-related pathways. However, our results did not support a causal role of COVID-19 in the risk for the childhood mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, 20110, USA
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, 20110, USA
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Fu X, Baranova A, Cao H, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang F. miR-9-5p deficiency contributes to schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 262:168-174. [PMID: 37992560 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p) is highly expressed in the brain and has been implicated in the risk of schizophrenia. We compared the expression levels of miR-9-5p in schizophrenia cases and healthy controls and evaluated whether regulatory targets of miR-9-5p are enriched in schizophrenia genome-wide risk genes. Literature-based analysis was conducted to construct molecular pathways connecting miR-9-5p and schizophrenia. We found that the expression levels of miR-9-5p were down-regulated in the peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients compared with those in healthy controls. miR-9-5p can regulate 24 out of the 1136 genome-wide risk genes of schizophrenia, which was higher than by chance (hypergeometric test P = 4.09E-06). The literature-based analysis showed that quantitative genetic changes driven by miR-9 exert more inhibitory (the IL1B, ABCB1, FGFR1 genes) than promoting (the INS gene) effects on schizophrenia, suggesting that miR-9 may protect against schizophrenia. Our results suggest that miR-9-5p deficiency may contribute to the development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Fu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China; Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas 20110, USA; Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas 20110, USA
| | - Yansong Liu
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Cao H, Baranova A, Song Y, Chen JH, Zhang F. Causal associations and genetic overlap between COVID-19 and intelligence. QJM 2023; 116:766-773. [PMID: 37286376 PMCID: PMC10559337 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 might cause neuroinflammation in the brain, which could decrease neurocognitive function. We aimed to evaluate the causal associations and genetic overlap between COVID-19 and intelligence. METHODS We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess potential associations between three COVID-19 outcomes and intelligence (N = 269 867). The COVID phenotypes included severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (N = 2 501 486), hospitalized COVID-19 (N = 1 965 329) and critical COVID-19 (N = 743 167). Genome-wide risk genes were compared between the genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets on hospitalized COVID-19 and intelligence. In addition, functional pathways were constructed to explore molecular connections between COVID-19 and intelligence. RESULTS The MR analyses indicated that genetic liabilities to SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio [OR]: 0.965, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.939-0.993) and critical COVID-19 (OR: 0.989, 95% CI: 0.979-0.999) confer causal effects on intelligence. There was suggestive evidence supporting the causal effect of hospitalized COVID-19 on intelligence (OR: 0.988, 95% CI: 0.972-1.003). Hospitalized COVID-19 and intelligence share 10 risk genes within 2 genomic loci, including MAPT and WNT3. Enrichment analysis showed that these genes are functionally connected within distinct subnetworks of 30 phenotypes linked to cognitive decline. The functional pathway revealed that COVID-19-driven pathological changes within the brain and multiple peripheral systems may lead to cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that COVID-19 may exert a detrimental effect on intelligence. The tau protein and Wnt signaling may mediate the influence of COVID-19 on intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Yuqing Song
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029,China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Gonzales S, Zhao JZ, Choi NY, Acharya P, Jeong S, Lee MY. SOX7: Novel Autistic Gene Identified by Analysis of Multi-Omics Data. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3346245. [PMID: 37790478 PMCID: PMC10543249 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3346245/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite thousands of variants identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is unclear which mutations are causal because most are noncoding. Consequently, reliable diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. RNA-seq analysis captures biomolecular complexity that GWAS cannot by considering transcriptomic patterns. Therefore, integrating DNA and RNA testing may reveal causal genes and useful biomarkers for ASD. Methods We performed gene-based association studies using an adaptive test method with GWAS summary statistics from two large Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) datasets (ASD2019: 18,382 cases and 27,969 controls; ASD2017: 6,197 cases and 7,377 controls). We also investigated differential expression for genes identified with the adaptive test using an RNA-seq dataset (GSE30573: 3 cases and 3 controls) and DESeq2. Results We identified 5 genes significantly associated with ASD in ASD2019 (KIZ-AS1, p = 8.67×10- 10; KIZ, p = 1.16×10- 9; XRN2, p = 7.73×10- 9; SOX7, p = 2.22×10- 7; LOC101929229 (also known as PINX1-DT), p = 2.14×10- 6). Two of the five genes were replicated in ASD2017: SOX7 (p = 0.00087) and LOC101929229 (p = 0.009), and KIZ was close to the replication boundary of replication (p = 0.06). We identified significant expression differences for SOX7 (p = 0.0017, adjusted p = 0.0085), LOC101929229 (p = 5.83×10- 7, adjusted p = 1.18×10- 5), and KIZ (p = 0.00099, adjusted p = 0.0055). SOX7 encodes a transcription factor that regulates developmental pathways, alterations in which may contribute to ASD. Limitations The limitation of the gene-based analysis is the reliance on a reference population for estimating linkage disequilibrium between variants. The similarity of this reference population to the population of study is crucial to the accuracy of many gene-based analyses, including those performed in this study. As a result, the extent of our findings is limited to European populations, as this was our reference of choice. Future work includes a tighter integration of DNA and RNA information as well as extensions to non-European populations that have been under-researched. Conclusions These findings suggest that SOX7 and its related SOX family genes encode transcription factors that are critical to the downregulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an important developmental signaling pathway, providing credence to the biologic plausibility of the association between gene SOX7 and autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Zizhen Zhao
- Miami Dade College Kendall Campus and School for Advanced Studies
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Stein TP, Schluter MD, Steer RA, Ming X. Bisphenol-A and phthalate metabolism in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289841. [PMID: 37703261 PMCID: PMC10499243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of autism spectrum (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders are multifactorial. Epidemiological studies have shown associations with environmental pollutants, such as plasticizers. This study focused on two of these compounds, the Bisphenol-A (BPA) and Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP). The major pathway for BPA and DEHP excretion is via glucuronidation. Glucuronidation makes insoluble substances more water-soluble allowing for their subsequent elimination in urine. HYPOTHESIS Detoxification of these two plasticizers is compromised in children with ASD and ADHD. Consequently, their tissues are more exposed to these two plasticizers. METHODS We measured the efficiency of glucuronidation in three groups of children, ASD (n = 66), ADHD (n = 46) and healthy controls (CTR, n = 37). The children were recruited from the clinics of Rutgers-NJ Medical School. A urine specimen was collected from each child. Multiple mass spectrometric analyses including the complete metabolome were determined and used to derive values for the efficiency of glucuronidation for 12 varied glucuronidation pathways including those for BPA and MEHP. RESULTS (1) Both fold differences and metabolome analyses showed that the three groups of children were metabolically different from each other. (2) Of the 12 pathways examined, only the BPA and DEHP pathways discriminated between the three groups. (3) Glucuronidation efficiencies for BPA were reduced by 11% for ASD (p = 0.020) and 17% for ADHD (p<0.001) compared to controls. DEHP showed similar, but not significant trends. CONCLUSION ASD and ADHD are clinically and metabolically different but share a reduction in the efficiency of detoxification for both BPA and DEHP with the reductions for BPA being statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Peter Stein
- Department of Surgery, Rowan University-School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States of America
| | - Margaret D. Schluter
- Department of Surgery, Rowan University-School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Steer
- Department of Psychiatry, Rowan University-School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States of America
| | - Xue Ming
- Departments of Neurosciences and Neurology, Rutgers University–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
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Gonzales S, Zhao JZ, Choi NY, Acharya P, Jeong S, Lee MY. SOX7: Novel Autistic Gene Identified by Analysis of Multi-Omics Data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542456. [PMID: 37292933 PMCID: PMC10245991 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies and next generation sequencing data analyses based on DNA information have identified thousands of mutations associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, more than 99% of identified mutations are non-coding. Thus, it is unclear which of these mutations might be functional and thus potentially causal variants. Transcriptomic profiling using total RNA-sequencing has been one of the most utilized approaches to link protein levels to genetic information at the molecular level. The transcriptome captures molecular genomic complexity that the DNA sequence solely does not. Some mutations alter a gene's DNA sequence but do not necessarily change expression and/or protein function. To date, few common variants reliably associated with the diagnosis status of ASD despite consistently high estimates of heritability. In addition, reliable biomarkers used to diagnose ASD or molecular mechanisms to define the severity of ASD do not exist. Objectives It is necessary to integrate DNA and RNA testing together to identify true causal genes and propose useful biomarkers for ASD. Methods We performed gene-based association studies with adaptive test using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics with two large GWAS datasets (ASD 2019 data: 18,382 ASD cases and 27,969 controls [discovery data]; ASD 2017 data: 6,197 ASD cases and 7,377 controls [replication data]) which were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). In addition, we investigated differential expression for genes identified in gene-based GWAS with a RNA-seq dataset (GSE30573: 3 cases and 3 controls) using the DESeq2 package. Results We identified 5 genes significantly associated with ASD in ASD 2019 data (KIZ-AS1, p=8.67×10-10; KIZ, p=1.16×10-9; XRN2, p=7.73×10-9; SOX7, p=2.22×10-7; PINX1-DT, p=2.14×10-6). Among these 5 genes, gene SOX7 (p=0.00087), LOC101929229 (p=0.009), and KIZ-AS1 (p=0.059) were replicated in ASD 2017 data. KIZ (p=0.06) was close to the boundary of replication in ASD 2017 data. Genes SOX7 (p=0.0017, adjusted p=0.0085), LOC101929229 (also known as PINX1-DT, p=5.83×10-7, adjusted p=1.18×10-5), and KIZ (p=0.00099, adjusted p=0.0055) indicated significant expression differences between cases and controls in the RNA-seq data. SOX7 encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors pivotally contributing to determining of the cell fate and identity in many lineages. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins leading to autism. Conclusion Gene SOX7 in the transcription factor family could be associated with ASD. This finding may provide new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gonzales
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
| | - Jane Zizhen Zhao
- Miami Dade College Kendall Campus and School for Advanced Studies, Miami, FL 33176
| | - Na Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207
| | - Prabha Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207
| | - Sehoon Jeong
- Department of Healthcare Information Technology Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea, 50834
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207
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Zhou A, Cao X, Mahaganapathy V, Azaro M, Gwin C, Wilson S, Buyske S, Bartlett CW, Flax JF, Brzustowicz LM, Xing J. Common genetic risk factors in ASD and ADHD co-occurring families. Hum Genet 2023; 142:217-230. [PMID: 36251081 PMCID: PMC10177627 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two major neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. However, the genetic mechanism of the co-occurrence remains unclear. The New Jersey Language and Autism Genetics Study (NJLAGS) collected more than 100 families with at least one member affected by ASD. NJLAGS families show a high prevalence of ADHD and provide a good opportunity to study shared genetic risk factors for ASD and ADHD. The linkage study of the NJLAGS families revealed regions on chromosomes 12 and 17 that are significantly associated with ADHD. Using whole-genome sequencing data on 272 samples from 73 NJLAGS families, we identified potential risk genes for ASD and ADHD. Within the linkage regions, we identified 36 genes that are associated with ADHD using a pedigree-based gene prioritization approach. KDM6B (Lysine Demethylase 6B) is the highest-ranking gene, which is a known risk gene for neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD and ADHD. At the whole-genome level, we identified 207 candidate genes from the analysis of both small variants and structure variants, including both known and novel genes. Using enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analyses, we identified gene ontology terms and pathways enriched for ASD and ADHD candidate genes, such as cilia function and cation channel activity. Candidate genes and pathways identified in our study improve the understanding of the genetic etiology of ASD and ADHD and will lead to new diagnostic or therapeutic interventions for ASD and ADHD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbo Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaolong Cao
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Marco Azaro
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Christine Gwin
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sherri Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher W Bartlett
- The Steve Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Battelle Center for Computational Biology, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judy F Flax
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Linda M Brzustowicz
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,The Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA. .,The Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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12
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da Silva BS, Grevet EH, Silva LCF, Ramos JKN, Rovaris DL, Bau CHD. An overview on neurobiology and therapeutics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:2. [PMID: 37861876 PMCID: PMC10501041 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, which leads to impairments in the social, academic, and professional contexts. ADHD diagnosis relies solely on clinical assessment based on symptom evaluation and is sometimes challenging due to the substantial heterogeneity of the disorder in terms of clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Despite the difficulties imposed by the high complexity of ADHD etiology, the growing body of research and technological advances provide good perspectives for understanding the neurobiology of the disorder. Such knowledge is essential to refining diagnosis and identifying new therapeutic options to optimize treatment outcomes and associated impairments, leading to improvements in all domains of patient care. This review is intended to be an updated outline that addresses the etiological and neurobiological aspects of ADHD and its treatment, considering the impact of the "omics" era on disentangling the multifactorial architecture of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Santos da Silva
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza Carolina Fagundes Silva
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Kleber Neves Ramos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics and Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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13
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Baranova A, Song Y, Cao H, Yue W, Zhang F. Causal associations of tea intake with COVID-19 infection and severity. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1005466. [PMID: 36687732 PMCID: PMC9848307 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea ingredients can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection at adequate concentrations. It is not known whether tea intake could impact the susceptibility to COVID-19 or its severity. We aimed to evaluate the causal effects of tea intake on COVID-19 outcomes. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the causal associations between tea intake (N = 441,279) and three COVID-19 outcomes, including SARS-CoV-2 infection (122,616 cases and 2,475,240 controls), hospitalized COVID-19 (32,519 cases and 2,062,805 controls), and critical COVID-19 (13,769 cases and 1,072,442 controls). The MR analyses indicated that genetic propensity for tea consumption conferred a negative causal effect on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-0.97, P = 0.015). No causal effects on hospitalized COVID-19 (0.84, 0.64-1.10, P = 0.201) or critical COVID-19 (0.73, 0.51-1.03, P = 0.074) were detected. Our study revealed that tea intake could decrease the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the potential preventive effect of tea consumption on COVID-19 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuqing Song
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Fuquan Zhang ✉
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14
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Baranova A, Chandhoke V, Cao H, Zhang F. Shared genetics and bidirectional causal relationships between type 2 diabetes and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Gen Psychiatr 2023; 36:e100996. [PMID: 36937092 PMCID: PMC10016243 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder with high comorbidity with mental disorders. The genetic links between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and T2D have yet to be elucidated. Aims We aim to assess shared genetics and potential associations between ADHD and T2D. Methods We performed genetic correlation, two-sample Mendelian randomisation and polygenic overlap analyses between ADHD and T2D. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary results of T2D (80 154 cases and 853 816 controls), ADHD2019 (20 183 cases and 35 191 controls from the 2019 GWAS ADHD dataset) and ADHD2022 (38 691 cases and 275 986 controls from the 2022 GWAS ADHD dataset) were used for the analyses. The T2D dataset was obtained from the DIAGRAM Consortium. The ADHD datasets were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We compared genome-wide association signals to reveal shared genetic variation between T2D and ADHD using the larger ADHD2022 dataset. Moreover, molecular pathways were constructed based on large-scale literature data to understand the connection between ADHD and T2D. Results T2D has positive genetic correlations with ADHD2019 (rg=0.33) and ADHD2022 (rg=0.31). Genetic liability to ADHD2019 was associated with an increased risk for T2D (odds ratio (OR): 1.30, p<0.001), while genetic liability to ADHD2022 had a suggestive causal effect on T2D (OR: 1.30, p=0.086). Genetic liability to T2D was associated with a higher risk for ADHD2019 (OR: 1.05, p=0.001) and ADHD2022 (OR: 1.03, p<0.001). The polygenic overlap analysis showed that most causal variants of T2D are shared with ADHD2022. T2D and ADHD2022 have three overlapping loci. Molecular pathway analysis suggests that ADHD and T2D could promote the risk of each other through inflammatory pathways. Conclusions Our study demonstrates substantial shared genetics and bidirectional causal associations between ADHD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vikas Chandhoke
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Liu A, Lu Y, Gong C, Sun J, Wang B, Jiang Z. Bibliometric Analysis of Research Themes and Trends of the Co-Occurrence of Autism and ADHD. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:985-1002. [PMID: 37138730 PMCID: PMC10149780 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s404801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, there has been a growing body of research suggesting that ASD and ADHD are two disorders that often co-exist. Despite the rapid development of research, little is known about their etiology, diagnostic markers, and interventions, which has led us to review and summarise the development of the field in the hope that this will provide an opportunity to look for future directions. Methods A bibliometric approach was used to analyse papers in the field of ASD co-morbidities in ADHD on Web of Science from 1991-2022, using CiteSpace and VOSview to map the country/institution, journal, author, co-citation, and keyword networks in the field and to visualise the results. Results A total of 3284 papers were included, showing an increasing trend in terms of posting trends. Research on co-morbidities of ASD has proven to be mainly focused on universities. The USA (1662) published the most relevant literature in this area, followed by the UK (651) and Sweden (388). Lichtenstein P is the most published author (84), and research into the pathogenesis of ASD co-occurring ADHD and related clinical diagnostics is currently at the forefront of the field. Conclusion This analysis identifies the most influential institutions and countries, cited journals, and authors in the field of ASD co-morbid ADHD research. The future direction of ASD co-occurring ADHD should be based on improving case identification, discovering the etiological and diagnostic markers of ASD and ADHD, and finding more effective clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annan Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Neurolab for Child Rehabilitation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medicine University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Gong
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Neurolab for Child Rehabilitation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Neurolab for Child Rehabilitation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bobo Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Neurolab for Child Rehabilitation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimei Jiang
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhimei Jiang, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China, Email
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16
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Zhang K, Yuan J, Pei X, Fu Z, Zhao Y, Hu N, Wang Y, Yang L, Cao Q. Cerebral blood flow characteristics of drug-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with social impairment: Evidence for region-symptom specificity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1149703. [PMID: 37025372 PMCID: PMC10070692 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1149703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social deficits are among the most important functional impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the relationship between social impairment and ADHD core symptoms as well as the underlying cerebral blood flow (CBF) characteristics remain unclear. Methods A total of 62 ADHD subjects with social deficits (ADHD + SD), 100 ADHD subjects without social deficits (ADHD-SD) and 81 age-matched typically developing controls (TDC) were enrolled. We first examined the correlation between the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-1) and ADHD core symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsion) and then explored categorical and dimensional ADHD-related regional CBF by arterial spin labeling (ASL). For the categorical analysis, a voxel-based comparison of CBF maps between the ADHD + SD, ADHD-SD, and TDC groups was performed. For the dimensional analysis, the whole-brain voxel-wise correlation between CBF and ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and total scores) was evaluated in three groups. Finally, correlations between the SRS-1 and ADHD-related regional CBF were investigated. We applied Gaussian random field (GRF) for the correction of multiple comparisons in imaging results (voxel-level P < 0.01, and cluster-level P < 0.05). Results The clinical characteristics analysis showed that social deficits positively correlated with ADHD core symptoms, especially in social communication and autistic mannerisms domains. In the categorical analysis, we found that CBF in the left middle/inferior temporal gyrus in ADHD groups was higher than TDCs and was negatively correlated with the social motivation scores. Moreover, in dimensional analysis, we found that CBF in the left middle frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the inattention scores, SRS total scores and autistic mannerisms scores in ADHD + SD subjects. Conclusion The present study shows that inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity may be responsible for the occurrence of social deficits in ADHD, with autistic traits being another significant contributing factor. Additionally, CBF in the left middle/inferior temporal gyrus and the left middle frontal gyrus might represent the corresponding physiological mechanisms underlying social deficits in ADHD.
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17
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Baranova A, Cao H, Teng S, Su K, Zhang F. Shared genetics and causal associations between COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28431. [PMID: 36571271 PMCID: PMC9880714 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation caused by COVID-19 negatively impacts brain metabolism and function, while pre-existing brain pathology may contribute to individuals' vulnerability to the adverse consequences of COVID-19. We used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to perform Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, thus assessing potential associations between multiple sclerosis (MS) and two COVID-19 outcomes (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] infection and COVID-19 hospitalization). Genome-wide risk genes were compared between the GWAS datasets on hospitalized COVID-19 and MS. Literature-based analysis was conducted to construct molecular pathways connecting MS and COVID-19. We found that genetic liability to MS confers a causal effect on hospitalized COVID-19 (odd ratio [OR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.16) but not on SARS-CoV-2 infection (1.03, 1.00-1.05). Genetic liability to hospitalized COVID-19 confers a causal effect on MS (1.15, 1.02-1.30). Hospitalized COVID-19 and MS share five risk genes within two loci, including TNFAIP8, HSD17B4, CDC37, PDE4A, and KEAP1. Pathway analysis identified a panel of immunity-related genes that may mediate the links between MS and COVID-19. Our study suggests that MS was associated with a 9% increased risk for COVID-19 hospitalization, while hospitalized COVID-19 was associated with a 15% increased risk for MS. Immunity-related pathways may underlie the link between MS on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems BiologyGeorge Mason UniversityManassasUSA,Research Centre for Medical GeneticsMoscowRussia
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems BiologyGeorge Mason UniversityManassasUSA
| | - Shaolei Teng
- Department of BiologyHoward UniversityWashingtonUSA
| | - Kuan‐Pin Su
- Mind‐Body Interface Laboratory (MBI‐Lab), Department of PsychiatryChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan,College of MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan,An‐Nan HospitalChina Medical University HospitalTainanTaiwan
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Institute of NeuropsychiatryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Department of PsychiatryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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18
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Riglin L, Stergiakouli E. Mendelian randomisation studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. JCPP ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Riglin
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics Cardiff University Cardiff UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health Cardiff UK
| | - Evie Stergiakouli
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
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19
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Lopes LT, Rodrigues JM, Baccarin C, Oliveira K, Abreu M, Ribeiro V, Anastácio ZC, Machado JP. Autism Spectrum as an Etiologic Systemic Disorder: A Protocol for an Umbrella Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112200. [PMID: 36360541 PMCID: PMC9690003 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder with a huge prevalence increasing every year (1/44 children). Still diagnosed as a mental disorder, the last 10 years of research found possible causes, risks, genetics, environmental triggers, epigenetics, metabolic, immunological, and neurophysiological unbalances as relevant aetiology. Umbrella methodology is the highest level of scientific evidence, designed to support clinical and political decisions. A literature search for autism aetiology, pathophysiology, or causes, conducted in the last 10 years, at PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and the Web of Science, resulted in six umbrella reviews. Nevertheless, only one quantitative analysis reported risk factors and biomarkers but excluded genetics, experiments on animal models, and post-mortem studies. We grouped ASD’s multi-factorial causes and risks into five etiological categories: genetic, epigenetic, organic, psychogenic, and environmental. Findings suggest that autism might be evaluated as a systemic disorder instead of only through the lens of mental and behavioural. The overview implications of included studies will be qualitatively analysed under ROBIS and GRADE tools. This umbrella review can provide a rational basis for a new urgent health policy to develop better and adequate integrated care services for ASD. The methodological protocol has the register CRD42022348586 at PROSPERO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Teixeira Lopes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal
- Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Celeste Baccarin
- Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kevin Oliveira
- Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Abreu
- Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Ribeiro
- Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal
| | - Zélia Caçador Anastácio
- Research Center on Child Studies, Institute of Education, University of Minho, 4804-533 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pereira Machado
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal
- Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal
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Wongpaiboonwattana W, Hnoonual A, Limprasert P. Association between 19-bp Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of Dopamine β-Hydroxylase and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Thai Patients. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091228. [PMID: 36143905 PMCID: PMC9504840 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder the cause of which is not fully known. Genetic factors are believed to play a major role in the etiology of ASD. However, genetic factors have been identified in only some cases, and other causes remain to be identified. This study aimed to identify potential associations between ASD and the 19-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene which plays a crucial role in the metabolism of neurotransmitters. Materials and Methods: The 19-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism upstream of the DBH gene was analyzed for associations in 177 ASD patients and 250 healthy controls. Family-based analysis was performed in family trios of each patient using the transmission disequilibrium test to investigate the potential contributions of this DBH polymorphism to ASD. Results: The frequency of the 19-bp insertion allele was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the controls (0.624 vs. 0.556, respectively; p = 0.046). The frequency of the insertion/insertion genotype was also higher in the patient group (0.378 vs. 0.288, respectively) but without statistical significance (p = 0.110). The family-based analysis showed an association between patient families and the insertion allele when only families of male participants were analyzed (73 vs. 48 events; OR 1.521; 95% CI 1.057–2.189; p = 0.023). Conclusions: This population-based analysis found an association between the 19-bp insertion allele of the DBH gene and ASD. No association at the genotype level was found. The family-based analysis found an association between the insertion allele and ASD when the analysis was performed on male participants only, suggesting a linkage between the DBH locus and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Areerat Hnoonual
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Pornprot Limprasert
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: or
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21
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Wei WQ, Sun H, Chen YJ, Liu XW, Zhou R, Li Y, Liu XW. Genetic identification of tissues and cell types underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:999007. [PMID: 36090352 PMCID: PMC9458853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.999007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is considered highly genetically heritable. However, because most of the variants located in the non-coding region of the human genome, the onset of ADHD requires further exploration. METHODS The risk genes involved in ADHD were identified by integrating GWAS summary data and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method. We then used a stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) method to estimate the contribution of ADHD-relevant tissues to its heritability to screen out disease-relevant tissues. To determine the ADHD-relevant cell types, we used an R package for expression-weighted cell type enrichment (EWCE) analysis. RESULTS By integrating the brain eQTL data and ADHD GWAS data using SMR, we identified 247 genes associated with ADHD. The LDSR applied to specifically expressed genes results showed that the ADHD risk genes were mainly enriched in brain tissue, especially in the mesencephalon, visual cortex, and frontal lobe regions. Further cell-type-specific analysis suggested that ADHD risk genes were highly expressed in excitatory neurons. CONCLUSION The study showed that the etiology of ADHD is associated with excitatory neurons in the midbrain, visual cortex, and frontal lobe regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiong Wei
- Department of Digestive, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Juan Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Wen Liu
- Nursing Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Xu Y, Lin S, Tao J, Liu X, Zhou R, Chen S, Vyas P, Yang C, Chen B, Qian A, Wang M. Correlation research of susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms and the severity of clinical symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1003542. [PMID: 36213906 PMCID: PMC9538111 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1003542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the severity of clinical symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), so as to supplement the clinical significance of gene polymorphism and increase our understanding of the association between genetic mutations and ADHD phenotypes. METHODS 193 children with ADHD were included in our study from February 2017 to February 2020 in the Children's ADHD Clinic of the author's medical institution. 23 ADHD susceptibility SNPs were selected based on the literature, and multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeted capture sequencing technology was used for gene analysis. A series of ADHD-related questionnaires were used to reflect the severity of the disease, and the correlation between the SNPs of specific sites and the severity of clinical symptoms was evaluated. R software was used to search for independent risk factors by multivariate logistic regression and the "corplot" package was used for correlation analysis. RESULTS Among the 23 SNP loci of ADHD children, no mutation was detected in 6 loci, and 2 loci did not conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Of the remaining 15 loci, there were 9 SNPs, rs2652511 (SLC6A3 locus), rs1410739 (OBI1-AS1 locus), rs3768046 (TIE1 locus), rs223508 (MANBA locus), rs2906457 (ST3GAL3 locus), rs4916723 (LINC00461 locus), rs9677504 (SPAG16 locus), rs1427829 (intron) and rs11210892 (intron), correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms of ADHD. Specifically, rs1410739 (OBI1-AS1 locus) was found to simultaneously affect conduct problems, control ability and abstract thinking ability of children with ADHD. CONCLUSION There were 9 SNPs significantly correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms in children with ADHD, and the rs1410739 (OBI1-AS1 locus) may provide a new direction for ADHD research. Our study builds on previous susceptibility research and further investigates the impact of a single SNP on the severity of clinical symptoms of ADHD. This can help improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangxiang Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejie Tao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinmiao Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangli Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Punit Vyas
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Andan Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meihao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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