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Chu K, Cadar D, Iob E, Frank P. Excess body weight and specific types of depressive symptoms: Is there a mediating role of systemic low-grade inflammation? Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:233-244. [PMID: 36462595 PMCID: PMC10567582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with an increased risk of depression. Systemic low-grade inflammation, a plausible consequence of obesity, has also been linked to depression. However, the potential mediating effects of systemic low-grade inflammation on the association between excess body weight and specific symptom domains of depression remain uncertain. This study examined whether systemic low-grade inflammation mediated the associations of excess body weight (overweight and obesity) with subsequent overall, cognitive-affective, and somatic depressive symptoms. DESIGN This study used a prospective cohort design. METHODS The final analytical sample included 4,942 adults aged ≥50 years drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Body mass index (BMI) and covariates were ascertained at baseline (wave 4, 2008/09). Continuous BMI scores were divided into four categories: 'normal weight' (18.5 ≤ BMI <25 kg/m2); 'overweight' (25 ≤ BMI <30 kg/m2); 'obesity' (BMI ≥30 kg/m2); in addition to 'excess body weight' ('overweight' and 'obesity' combined). Covariates included sociodemographic variables, behavioural factors, and chronic physical conditions. Serum concentrations of CRP were measured at wave 6 (2012/13). Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and ten years later (wave 9, 2018/19), using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Two symptom domains were constructed, distinguishing between cognitive-affective (depressed mood, loneliness, sadness, enjoyment in life, and happiness) and somatic (sleep problems, low energy levels, and fatigue) symptoms. Mediation analyses were performed to examine whether CRP statistically mediated the associations between BMI categories and depressive symptoms. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted analyses, excess body weight was associated with elevated somatic (OR = 1.231, 95% CI: 1.029, 1.473), but not cognitive-affective or overall depressive symptoms at follow-up. Higher CRP was associated with elevated somatic (OR = 1.156, 95% CI: 1.061, 1.259), but not cognitive-affective or overall depressive symptoms. CRP acted as a partial mediator (14.92%) of the association between excess body weight and elevated somatic, but not cognitive-affective, or overall depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Systemic low-grade inflammation may partially explain the association of excess body weight with somatic depressive symptoms, but not the associations with cognitive-affective or overall depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Chu
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Dorina Cadar
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, East Sussex, UK.
| | - Eleonora Iob
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Philipp Frank
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
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2
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Ottino C, Strippoli MPF, Gholam M, Lasserre AM, Vandeleur CL, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P, Clair C, Preisig M. Short-term and long-term effects of major depressive disorder subtypes on obesity markers and impact of sex on these associations. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:570-578. [PMID: 34718038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies with conflicting results have examined the effects of sex on the prospective association between depression and subsequent obesity. OBJECTIVE (1) To simultaneously assess the associations of the subtypes (atypical, melancholic, unspecified) of major depressive disorder (MDD) measured at baseline and subtypes of major depressive episodes (MDE) that emerged during a 5.5-year follow-up with changes in obesity markers (body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass) during this follow-up, and (2) to test the effect of sex on these associations. METHODS Data from CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a population-based cohort study including 2702 participants (50.1% women, mean age 49.6 years). Criteria for mental disorders were elicited using semi-structured interviews. RESULTS History of atypical MDD at baseline was associated with a steeper increase in BMI and waist circumference, whereas atypical MDE during follow-up was associated with a steeper increase in the three studied obesity markers. Melancholic MDD at baseline was associated with a steeper increase in BMI. Several significant interactions with sex were found indicating higher increase in fat mass in men than in women following melancholic MDD reported at baseline, higher decrease in BMI and fat mass in women than in men related to melancholic MDE emerging during follow-up and higher increase in waist circumference in men than in women following unspecified MDD reported at baseline. LIMITATIONS Urban sample which may not be representative for the whole population. CONCLUSIONS Our results further advocate for the specific need of a thorough monitoring of obesity markers in patients with atypical MDD and suggest less favorable obesity marker changes mainly related to melancholic MDE in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Ottino
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Av. Edouard-Rod 28, Lausanne CH-1007, Switzerland.
| | - Marie-Pierre F Strippoli
- Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Gholam
- Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie M Lasserre
- Addiction Medicine, Department of psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline L Vandeleur
- Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carole Clair
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Nikolaou DA, Rizou S, Nikolaou VS, Babis GC, Chronopoulos E. Change in BMI affects the risk of falling in postmenopausal osteopenic and osteoporotic women. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 2021; 6:86-91. [PMID: 34131605 PMCID: PMC8173533 DOI: 10.22540/jfsf-06-086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the impact of the body mass index (BMI) change on risk of falling in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Also, we aimed to evaluate and associate the individuals’ functionality, mobility and balance with the risk of falling. Methods: This one-year prospective observational study assessed 498 postmenopausal Greek women over the 50th year of age suffering from either osteoporosis or osteopenia. Parameters such as the height, weight and BMI were documented. Furthermore, the subjects were asked whether they experienced a fall the preceding year. Balance was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed-Up-And-Go test, and the 30 Seconds Sit-to-Stand test. Hand-grip strength was assessed with the Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer. Results: The observed one-year BMI change was associated with falls in postmenopausal osteopenic and osteoporotic women over the age of 70. Additionally, there were statistically significant changes in the BBS, TUG, 30CST and the hand-grip strength on both hands at the one-year follow-up but there were not associated with an increased fall risk. Conclusion: The one-year change in BMI was associated with the risk of falling in postmenopausal osteopenic and osteoporotic women over the 70th year of age. Whereas, the one-year change in balance, mobility and grip strength were not linked to an increased risk of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasileios S Nikolaou
- 2 Orthopedic Department, Konstantopoulion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - George C Babis
- 2 Orthopedic Department, Konstantopoulion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Chronopoulos
- 2 Orthopedic Department, Konstantopoulion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Salerno L, Lo coco G, Gullo S, Iacoponelli R, Caltabiano ML, Ricciardelli LA. Self‐esteem mediates the associations among negative affect, body disturbances, and interpersonal problems in treatment‐seeking obese individuals. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Salerno
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy,
| | - Gianluca Lo coco
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy,
| | - Salvatore Gullo
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy,
| | | | - Marie Louise Caltabiano
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Lina A. Ricciardelli
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Victoria, Australia,
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5
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Côté-Sergent A, Fonseca R, Strumpf E. Comparing the education gradient in health deterioration among the elderly in six OECD countries. Health Policy 2020; 124:326-335. [PMID: 31982151 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Inequalities in health by educational attainment are persistent both over time and across countries. However, their magnitudes, evolution, and main drivers are not necessarily consistent across jurisdictions. We examine the health deterioration-education gradient among older adults in the United States, Canada, France, the Netherlands, Spain and Italy, including how it changes over time between 2004 and 2010. Using longitudinal survey data, we first assess how rates of health deterioration in terms of poor health, difficulties with activities of daily living, and chronic conditions vary by educational attainment. We find systematic differences in rates of health deterioration, as well as in the health deterioration-education gradients, across countries. We then examine how potential confounders, including demographic characteristics, income, health care utilisation and health behaviours, affect the health deterioration-education gradient within countries over time. We demonstrate that while adjusting for confounders generally diminishes the health deterioration-education gradient, the impacts of these variables vary somewhat across countries. Our findings suggest that determinants of, and policy levers to affect, the health deterioration-education gradient likely vary across countries and health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Côté-Sergent
- HEC Montréal, 3000 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 2A7, Canada.
| | - Raquel Fonseca
- ESG-UQAM, 315, Sainte-Catherine Street East, Montreal, QC, H2X 3X2, Canada; CIRANO, 130 Sherbrooke Street West #1400, Montreal, QC, H3A 2M8, Canada.
| | - Erin Strumpf
- CIRANO, 130 Sherbrooke Street West #1400, Montreal, QC, H3A 2M8, Canada; McGill University, 855 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2T7, Canada; CIREQ, 3150, Jean-Brillant Street, Montreal, QC, H3T 1N8, Canada.
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6
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Portugal-Nunes C, Castanho TC, Moreira PS, Magalhães R, Marques P, Costa P, Palha JA, Sousa N, Santos NC, Bessa JM. The moderator effect of age in the association between mood and adiposity in the elderly is specific for the subcutaneous adipose compartment: An MRI study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:113-121. [PMID: 31657069 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The positive association between obesity and depressive mood in young- and middle-age individuals is a phenomenon with major clinical implications in public health. Interestingly, the trend of this association in older individuals is not clear, given the conflicting results of multiple studies. Since aging is accompanied by changes in body fat distribution, we questioned whether age is a modulator of such association. This study explores the role of age in the association between mood and general (body mass index [BMI]) and abdominal adiposity (waist circumference [WC]) in older adults characterizing the different abdominal adipose tissue compartments (subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT] and visceral adipose tissue [VAT]) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. METHODS One hundred twenty aged community-dwelling individuals (≥50 y of age) were assessed regarding depressive mood (Geriatric Depression Scale) and adiposity (BMI and WC). From these, 96 were assessed for SAT and VAT using MRI. RESULTS Using multiple linear regression models, depressive mood was positively associated with BMI, WC, and VAT. Age was a significant moderator of the association between depressive mood and BMI, WC, and SAT: positive in younger participants and null or negative in older participants. On the other hand, higher VAT was significantly associated with a more depressive mood, independently of age. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies age as a relevant moderator in the association between depressive mood and adiposity in the elderlies. Furthermore, the body fat compartment analysis revealed that the effect of age is specific for the SAT, suggesting its protective role in depressive mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Portugal-Nunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Costa Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Silva Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrício Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Almeida Palha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nadine Correia Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Miguel Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
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7
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Tyrovolas S, Panagiotakos DB, Georgousopoulou EN, Chrysohoou C, Skoumas J, Pan W, Tousoulis D, Pitsavos C. The anti-inflammatory potential of diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the ATTICA study. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284819858039. [PMID: 31258620 PMCID: PMC6591656 DOI: 10.1177/1756284819858039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is correlated with low-grade inflammation and dietary habits. Until today, there have been limited epidemiologic data assessing the role of diet's inflammatory potential on NAFLD. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between an anti-inflammatory diet, as reflected by the Dietary Anti-Inflammation Index (D-AII), and NAFLD among cardiovascular disease (CVD)-free adults. METHODS ATTICA is a prospective, population-based study that recruited 3042 adults without pre-existing CVD from the Greek population (Whites; age ⩾18 years; 1514 men and 1528 women). D-AII was calculated using a standard procedure. The baseline study captured various sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics as well as hepatic markers. These were used to calculate four NAFLD assessment indices: triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), and NAFLD Fatty Liver Score (NAFLD-FLS). Specific cutoffs were applied to capture NAFLD. RESULTS D-AII showed a significant inverse association with NAFLD, applying the four indices with NAFLD cutoffs [odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI); TyG (0.95, 0.93-0.98); HSI (0.89, 0.86-0.92); FLI (0.88, 0.85-0.91); NAFLD-FLS (0.89, 0.86-0.92)], after adjusting for various confounders. Participants in the highest D-AII tertile had lower odds of having NAFLD, compared with those in the lowest D-AII tertile [(OR, 95% CI); TyG (0.33, 0.24-0.47); HSI (0.13, 0.08-0.23); FLI (0.05, 0.02-0.11); NAFLD-FLS (0.13, 0.07-0.23)]. Anti-inflammatory nutrition was related to lower odds of NAFLD among daily alcohol drinkers and individuals with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Anti-inflammatory diet is an important predictor of NAFLD among adults without pre-existing CVD. Adherence to a high anti-inflammatory diet seems to contribute to NAFLD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de
Barcelona. Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujades, Barcelona,
Spain,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de
Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid,Department of Science of Dietetics and
Nutrition, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University,
Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou
- Department of Science of Dietetics and
Nutrition, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University,
Athens, Greece,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra,
Canberra, Australia,Medical School, The Australian National
University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine,
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John Skoumas
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine,
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - William Pan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke
University, Durham, NC, USA,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University,
Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine,
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine,
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Eykelenboom M, Velema E, Eberson BP, Scholten GC, Lushpa VK, Steenhuis IH. Results of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of increasing package size on usage volume of peanut butter in older adults. Appetite 2018; 130:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Peralta M, Ramos M, Lipert A, Martins J, Marques A. Prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity in older adults from 10 European countries from 2005 to 2013. Scand J Public Health 2018; 46:522-529. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494818764810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Overweight and obesity are clinical public-health concerns worldwide. Amongst older adults, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is considered high. The purpose of this study was to provide current data regarding the prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity of adults from 2005 to 2013 in 10 European countries. Methods: The data used in the present study were derived from the first, second, fourth and fifth waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The present study includes individuals aged ⩾50 years from 10 European countries. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height and weight (kg/m2). Results: The general prevalence of overweight (BMI ⩾25 kg/m2) was slightly above 60% and remained stable between 2005 (60.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 59.3–60.9%) and 2013 (60.3%, 95% CI: 59.7–60.9%). On the other hand, the prevalence of obesity (BMI ⩾30 kg/m2) increased significantly (1.6 points, 95% CI: 0.7–2.6) from 17.5% in 2005 to 19.2% in 2013. Although the prevalence of obesity increased in most countries, the only significant increase was observed in Germany (5.8 points, 95% CI: 1.8–9.9). Spain was the only country where the prevalence of obesity decreased significantly (−4.7 points, 95% CI: −8.8 to −0.5). Sex and age differences are reported. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of overweight was stable, the prevalence of obesity rose. Based on the data currently available for Europe, the prevalence of obesity in European older adults has already reached epidemic proportions, which reinforces the need for the development of effective healthy lifestyle programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peralta
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena Ramos
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, Escola de Sociologia e Políticas Públicas, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anna Lipert
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - João Martins
- Laboratório de Pedagogia, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Batsis JA, Whiteman KL, Lohman MC, Scherer EA, Bartels SJ. Body Mass Index and Rural Status on Self-Reported Health in Older Adults: 2004-2013 Medicare Expenditure Panel Survey. J Rural Health 2018; 34 Suppl 1:s56-s64. [PMID: 28295614 PMCID: PMC6454924 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain whether rural status impacts self-reported health and whether the effect of rural status on self-reported health differs by obesity status. METHODS We identified 22,307 subjects aged ≥60 from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2004-2013. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. Physical and mental component scores of the Short Form-12 assessed self-reported health status. Rural/urban status was defined using metropolitan statistical area. Weighted regression models ascertained the relative contribution of predictors (including rural and BMI) on each subscale. FINDINGS Mean age was 70.7 years. Rural settings had higher proportions classified as obese (30.7 vs 27.6%; P < .001), and rural residents had lower physical health status (41.7 ± 0.3) than urban (43.4 ± 0.1; P < .001). Obese or underweight persons had lower physical health status (39.5 ± 0.20 and 37.0 ± 0.82, respectively) than normal (44.7 ± 0.18) or overweight (44.6 ± 0.16) persons (P < .001). BMI category stratification was associated with differences in physical health between rural/urban by BMI. Individuals classified as underweight or obese had lower physical health compared to normal, while the differences were less pronounced for mental health. No differences in mental health existed between rural/urban status. A BMI * rural interaction was significant for physical but not mental health. CONCLUSIONS Rural residents report lower self-reported physical health status compared to urban residents, particularly older adults who are obese or underweight. No interaction was observed between BMI and rural status.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Batsis
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Lebanon, NH
- Health promotion Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Karen L. Whiteman
- Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Lebanon, NH
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Matthew C. Lohman
- Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Lebanon, NH
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Emily A. Scherer
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Stephen J. Bartels
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Lebanon, NH
- Health promotion Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
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11
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Marija S, Dragan V, Svetlana R, Nela D. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Overweight and Obesity in Serbia: Data from 2013 National Health Survey. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:967. [PMID: 29379437 PMCID: PMC5770809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sekulic Marija
- Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vasiljevic Dragan
- Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Center of Hygiene and Human Ecology, Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Radevic Svetlana
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Djonovic Nela
- Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Center of Hygiene and Human Ecology, Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Bilger M, Kruger EJ, Finkelstein EA. Measuring Socioeconomic Inequality in Obesity: Looking Beyond the Obesity Threshold. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2017; 26:1052-1066. [PMID: 27515829 PMCID: PMC5516143 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We combine two of the most widely used measures in the inequality and poverty literature, the concentration index and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke metric to the analysis of socioeconomic inequality in obesity. This enables us to describe socioeconomic inequality not only in obesity status but also in its depth and severity. We apply our method to 1971-2012 US data and show that while the socioeconomic inequality in obesity status has now almost disappeared, this is not the case when depth and severity of obesity are considered. Such socioeconomic gradient is found to be greatest among non-Hispanic whites, but decomposition analysis also reveals an inverse relationship between income and obesity outcomes among Mexican Americans once the effect of immigrant status has been accounted for. The socioeconomic gradient is also greater among women with marital status further increasing it for severity of obesity while the opposite is true among men. Overall, the socioeconomic gradient exists as poorer individuals lie further away from the obesity threshold. Our study stresses the need for policies that jointly consider obesity and income to support those who suffer from the double burden of poverty and obesity-related health conditions. © 2016 The Authors. Health Economics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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13
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Zhou W, Kozikowski A, Pekmezaris R, Lolis J, Tommasulo B, Fishbein J, Wolf-Klein G. Association between Weight Change, Health Outcomes, and Mortality in Older Residents in Long-Term Care. South Med J 2017; 110:459-465. [DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Han TS, Correa E, Lean MEJ, Lee DM, O'Neill TW, Bartfai G, Forti G, Giwercman A, Kula K, Pendleton N, Punab M, Rutter MK, Vanderschueren D, Huhtaniemi IT, Wu FCW, Casanueva FF. Changes in prevalence of obesity and high waist circumference over four years across European regions: the European male ageing study (EMAS). Endocrine 2017; 55:456-469. [PMID: 27734258 PMCID: PMC5272876 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diversity in lifestyles and socioeconomic status among European populations, and recent socio-political and economic changes in transitional countries, may affect changes in adiposity. We aimed to determine whether change in the prevalence of obesity varies between the socio-politically transitional North-East European (Łódź, Poland; Szeged, Hungary; Tartu, Estonia), and the non-transitional Mediterranean (Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Florence, Italy) and North-West European (Leuven, Belgium; Malmö, Sweden; Manchester, UK) cities. This prospective observational cohort survey was performed between 2003 and 2005 at baseline and followed up between 2008 and 2010 of 3369 community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years. Main outcome measures in the present paper included waist circumference, body mass index and mid-upper arm muscle area. Baseline prevalence of waist circumference ≥ 102 cm and body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively, were 39.0, 29.5 % in North-East European cities, 32.4, 21.9 % in Mediterranean cities, and 30.0, 20.1 % in North-West European cities. After median 4.3 years, men living in cities from transitional countries had mean gains in waist circumference (1.1 cm) and body mass index (0.2 kg/m2), which were greater than men in cities from non-transitional countries (P = 0.005). North-East European cities had greater gains in waist circumference (1.5 cm) than in Mediterranean cities (P < 0.001). Over 4.3 years, the prevalence of waist circumference ≥ 102 cm had increased by 13.1 % in North-East European cities, 5.8 % in the Mediterranean cities, 10.0 % in North-West European cities. Odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals), adjusted for lifestyle factors, for developing waist circumference ≥ 102 cm, compared with men from Mediterranean cities, were 2.3 (1.5-3.5) in North-East European cities and 1.6 (1.1-2.4) in North-West European cities, and 1.6 (1.2-2.1) in men living in cities from transitional, compared with cities from non-transitional countries. These regional differences in increased prevalence of waist circumference ≥ 102 cm were more pronounced in men aged 60-79 years than in those aged 40-59 years. Overall there was an increase in the prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) over 4.3 years (between 5.3 and 6.1 %) with no significant regional differences at any age. Mid-upper arm muscle area declined during follow-up with the greatest decline among men from North-East European cities. In conclusion, increasing waist circumference is dissociated from change in body mass index and most rapid among men living in cities from transitional North-East European countries, presumably driven by economic and socio-political changes. Information on women would also be of value and it would be of interest to relate the changes in adiposity to dietary and other behavioural habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang S Han
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, Egham & Ashford and St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, University of London (ICR2UL), Surrey, UK.
| | - Elon Correa
- School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Michael E J Lean
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Lee
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Terrence W O'Neill
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology & NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - György Bartfai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Albert Szent-György Medical University, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gianni Forti
- Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Kula
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, Salford Royal NHS Trust, University of Manchester, Salford, UK
| | - Margus Punab
- Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin K Rutter
- The Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Human Development, Department of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Department of Andrology and Endocrinology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilpo T Huhtaniemi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Andrology Research Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Department of Medicine, CIBER de Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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15
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Maïmoun L, Lefebvre P, Jaussent A, Fouillade C, Mariano-Goulart D, Nocca D. Body composition changes in the first month after sleeve gastrectomy based on gender and anatomic site. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:780-787. [PMID: 28283436 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) induces acute weight loss, but its impact on the very early postoperative changes in body composition (BC) is less clear. OBJECTIVES This longitudinal study examined the BC changes in the first month after SG according to gender and anatomic site. METHODS BC (lean tissue mass [LTM] and fat mass [FM]) were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 41 obese patients (33 women, 80.5%) just before SG and 1 month later. SETTING University hospital of Montpellier, France. RESULTS One month after SG, mean weight loss was -9.8±2.6 kg, with a significant decrease in LTM and FM (kg) ranging from -7.3% to 9.5%, depending on site. FM (kg) loss in men exceeded that in women at whole body, upper limbs, and trunk. FM (%) and the LTM/FM ratio decreased only in the trunk in men and the lower limbs in women, but the gender difference was only observed for the trunk. In women, age was positively correlated with relative FM variation (% and kg) in the lower limbs and negatively correlated with LTM and LTM/FM. In men, weight was negatively correlated with the relative LTM and FM (kg) variations in the upper limbs. CONCLUSION SG induces acute weight loss, but this loss comprises losses in both FM and LTM. Because excessive LTM loss can have deleterious consequences, preventive strategies should be implemented soon after bariatric surgery. The specific changes in BC are highlighted according to gender and anatomic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Maïmoun
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier et Université Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France; Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Patrick Lefebvre
- Departement d'Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Jaussent
- Unité de recherche clinique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie, Département de l'Information Médicale, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Clémence Fouillade
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive A, Hôpital Saint Eloi, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier et Université Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France; Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Nocca
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive A, Hôpital Saint Eloi, CHRU, Montpellier, France
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Tsendsuren S, Li CS, Liu CC. Incidence and Risk Factors for Stroke Among 14 European Countries. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2016; 84:66-87. [PMID: 27655951 DOI: 10.1177/0091415016668349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background This study compared the risk factors for and incidence of stroke among 14 European countries by using the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Methods The analysis was based on data collected during 2006 to 2007 from Wave 2 of SHARE and panel data from respondents interviewed during 2004 to 2005. Results and Conclusion The highest stroke incidence rates were found in Denmark, Poland, and Sweden; these incidence rates were more than double that of Spain. Stroke was mostly associated with elderly people (age, ≥65 years) in Sweden, France, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, and Greece. In addition, stroke incidence was high among young males (age, <65 years) in Italy and elderly males in Germany and Switzerland. A negative association was found between stroke and vigorous exercise for younger people in Sweden and elderly people in Poland, whereas moderate exercise was significantly associated with stroke only for elderly Belgians, Greeks, and Irish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chu-Shiu Li
- 2 Department of Risk Management and Insurance, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,3 Department of International Business, College of Management, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Chi Liu
- 4 Department of Risk Management and Insurance, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Maïmoun L, Mura T, Leprieur E, Avignon A, Mariano-Goulart D, Sultan A. Impact of obesity on bone mass throughout adult life: Influence of gender and severity of obesity. Bone 2016; 90:23-30. [PMID: 26657826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity improves areal bone mineral density (aBMD). However, it is unknown whether gender, ageing or the severity of obesity could modulate this effect and whether different bone sites are similarly affected. OBJECTIVE The aim of this observational study was to model the aBMD variation in obese patients from peak bone period to old age according to gender, bone localisation and severity of obesity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Five hundred and four obese patients (363 women, 72%) with a mean BMI of 38.5 ± 6.0 kg/m2, aged from 18.1 to 81.9 years (mean age 49.6 ± 14.6 years) were recruited. The whole body (WB), hip, lumbar spine (L1–L4) and one-third radius aBMDs were determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS Z-scores were significantly increased, above the age- and gender-related mean, both for women and men at WB (respectively 0.79 SD and 0.32 SD), hip (1.09 SD and 1.06 SD), one-third radius (1.70 SD and 0.45 SD) and L1–L4 levels (0.86 SD for women only). The improvement of Z-scores was significantly more marked in women compared to men at all bone sites, hip excepted. Furthermore, differences compared with normal values were significantly accentuated by ageing, without noticeable gender effect. In women, regardless of BMI and bone site, Z-scores were higher than normal values, this difference being most marked at WB, L1–L4 and hip levels for obese patients with a BMI above 40 kg/m2. Lean mass, but not fat mass, was independently associated with aBMD in men and women. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated for the first time that obesity induces an improvement of aBMD, which is modulated by bone site location, severity of obesity, age and gender. The accentuation of peak bone mass combined with a reduction of bone loss rate with ageing may explain why obese patients present a lower prevalence of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Maïmoun
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, France.
| | - Thibault Mura
- Département d'Information Médicale, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elodie Leprieur
- Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Avignon
- U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, France; Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, France; Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Rodgers S, Vandeleur CL, Ajdacic-Gross V, Aleksandrowicz AA, Strippoli MPF, Castelao E, Glaus J, Lasserre AM, Müller M, Rössler W, Angst J, Preisig M. Tracing the associations between sex, the atypical and the combined atypical-melancholic depression subtypes: A path analysis. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:807-818. [PMID: 26625093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have examined determinants leading to preponderance of women in major depressive disorder (MDD), which is particularly accentuated for the atypical depression subtype. It is thus of interest to explore the specific indirect effects influencing the association between sex and established depression subtypes. METHODS The data of 1624 subjects with a lifetime diagnosis of MDD derived from the population-based PsyCoLaus data were used. An atypical (n=256), a melancholic (n=422), a combined atypical and melancholic features subtype (n=198), and an unspecified MDD group (n=748) were constructed according to the DSM-IV specifiers. Path models with direct and indirect effects were applied to the data. RESULTS Partial mediation of the female-related atypical and combined atypical-melancholic depression subtypes was found. Early anxiety disorders and high emotion-orientated coping acted as mediating variables between sex and the atypical depression subtype. In contrast, high Body Mass Index (BMI) served as a suppression variable, also concerning the association between sex and the combined atypical-melancholic subtype. The latter association was additionally mediated by an early age of MDD onset and early/late anxiety disorders. LIMITATIONS The use of cross-sectional data does not allow causal conclusions. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that provides evidence for a differentiation of the general mechanisms explaining sex differences of overall MDD by depression subtypes. Determinants affecting the pathways begin early in life. Since some of them are primarily of behavioral nature, the present findings could be a valuable target in mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rodgers
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline L Vandeleur
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra A Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre F Strippoli
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Glaus
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aurélie M Lasserre
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Collegium Helveticum, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jules Angst
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Godard M. Gaining weight through retirement? Results from the SHARE survey. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2016; 45:27-46. [PMID: 26708674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper estimates the causal impact of retirement on the Body Mass Index (BMI) of adults aged 50-69 years old, on the probability of being either overweight or obese and on the probability of being obese. Based on the 2004, 2006 and 2010-2011 waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), our identification strategy exploits variation in European Early Retirement Ages (ERAs) and stepwise increases in ERAs in Austria and Italy between 2004 and 2011 to examine an exogenous shock to retirement behavior. Our results show that retirement induced by discontinuous incentives in early retirement schemes causes a 12-percentage point increase in the probability of being obese among men within a two- to four-year period. We find that the impact of retirement is highly non-linear and mostly affects the right-hand side of the male BMI distribution. Additional results show that this pattern is driven by men retiring from strenuous jobs and by those who were already at risk of obesity. In contrast, no significant results are found among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Godard
- VU Amsterdam, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Brill MJ, van Rongen A, van Dongen EP, van Ramshorst B, Hazebroek EJ, Darwich AS, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Knibbe CA. The Pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A Substrate Midazolam in Morbidly Obese Patients Before and One Year After Bariatric Surgery. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3927-36. [PMID: 26202517 PMCID: PMC4628089 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bariatric surgery is nowadays commonly applied as treatment for morbid obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m(2)). As information about the effects of this procedure on a drug's pharmacokinetics is limited, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A probe substrate midazolam after oral and intravenous administration in a cohort of morbidly obese patients that was studied before and 1 year post bariatric surgery. METHODS Twenty morbidly obese patients (aged 26-58 years) undergoing bariatric surgery participated in the study of which 18 patients returned 1 year after surgery. At both occasions, patients received 7.5 mg oral and 5 mg intravenous midazolam separated by 160 ± 48 min. Per patient and occasion, a mean of 22 blood samples were collected. Midazolam concentrations were analyzed using population pharmacokinetic modeling. RESULTS One year after bariatric surgery, systemic clearance of midazolam was higher [0.65 (7%) versus 0.39 (11%) L/min, mean ± RSE (P < 0.01), respectively] and mean oral transit time (MTT) was faster [23 (20%) versus 51 (15%) minutes (P < 0.01)], while oral bioavailability was unchanged (0.54 (9%)). Central and peripheral volumes of distribution were overall lower (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort study in morbidly obese patients, systemic clearance was 1.7 times higher 1 year after bariatric surgery, which may potentially result from an increase in hepatic CYP3A activity per unit of liver weight. Although MTT was found to be faster, oral bioavailability remained unchanged, which considering the increased systemic clearance implies an increase in the fraction escaping intestinal first pass metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreke J Brill
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Anne van Rongen
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Eric P van Dongen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van Ramshorst
- Department of Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Hazebroek
- Department of Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Adam S Darwich
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, Great Britain, UK
| | | | - Catherijne A Knibbe
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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French HP, Galvin R, Horgan NF, Kenny RA. Prevalence and burden of osteoarthritis amongst older people in Ireland: findings from The Irish LongituDinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Eur J Public Health 2015; 26:192-8. [PMID: 26105959 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in a population aged ≥50 years in Ireland, and to determine its relationship with demographic and health-related variables. METHODS Cross-sectional data from Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a population-based study of 8175 people aged ≥50 years were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between the presence of OA and a range of demographic and health-related variables. RESULTS A total of 8175 people ≥50 years in Ireland were identified from the TILDA database of whom 45.7% (n = 2941) were male and 54.3% (n = 4431) were female. The overall prevalence of OA was 12.9% (women-17.3%; men-9.4%). Prevalence increased with age, with prevalence in those aged ≥ 80 years twice that [17.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 13.97, 21.54] of those aged 50-60 years (8.23, 95% CI 7.32, 9.13). On multivariable analysis, OA was significantly associated (P < 0.02) with female gender, older age, pain severity, higher body mass index (BMI), fear of falling, greater number of physical limitations and medication use. In particular, there was a strong association between the use of NSAIDS and the presence of OA [adj odd ratio (OR) = 5.88, 95% CI 4.16, 8.31]. A significant association was also found between OA and increasing number of chronic diseases (adj OR = 2.75 9, 95% CI = 2.44, 3.09). CONCLUSIONS OA is a common and multifaceted condition, with comparable prevalence of self-reported OA in Ireland with similar populations. Assessment and management should focus on potentially modifiable factors such as BMI, pain, physical limitations, polypharmacy and fear of falling. More research is required to understand the complex inter-relationships between these and other risk-associated variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P French
- 1 School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - R Galvin
- 2 Department of Clinical Therapies, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | - N F Horgan
- 1 School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - R A Kenny
- 3 The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Chemistry Extension, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland
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Datta Gupta N, Kleinjans KJ, Larsen M. The effect of a severe health shock on work behavior: Evidence from different health care regimes. Soc Sci Med 2015; 136-137:44-51. [PMID: 25982868 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we use the policy variation of two different types of health insurance in the US and in Denmark - employer-provided and universal insurance combined with substantial differences in expected and actual medical out-of-pocket expenditures - to explore the effect of new severe health shocks on the labor force participation of older workers. Our results not only provide insight into how relative disease risk affects labor force participation at older ages, but also into how different types of health care and health insurance systems affect individual decisions of labor force participation. Although employer-tied health insurance and greater out-of-pocket medical expenditures give US Americans greater incentives to continue to work, we find only small differences in the work response between the two countries. We provide compelling evidence that our somewhat counterintuitive finding is the result of differential mortality and baseline health differences coupled with distinct treatment regimes under the respective health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mona Larsen
- SFI - The Danish National Center for Social Research, Denmark
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Wu F, Guo Y, Chatterji S, Zheng Y, Naidoo N, Jiang Y, Biritwum R, Yawson A, Minicuci N, Salinas-Rodriguez A, Manrique-Espinoza B, Maximova T, Peltzer K, Phaswanamafuya N, Snodgrass JJ, Thiele E, Ng N, Kowal P. Common risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among older adults in China, Ghana, Mexico, India, Russia and South Africa: the study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:88. [PMID: 25885218 PMCID: PMC4335695 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity and the harmful use of alcohol are known and modifiable contributors to a number of NCDs and health mediators. The purpose of this paper is to describe the distribution of main risk factors for NCDs by socioeconomic status (SES) among adults aged 50 years and older within a country and compare these risk factors across six lower- and upper-middle income countries. METHODS The study population in this paper draw from SAGE Wave 1 and consisted of adults aged 50-plus from China (N=13,157), Ghana (N=4,305), India (N=6,560), Mexico (N=2,318), the Russian Federation (N=3,938) and South Africa (N=3,836). Seven main common risk factors for NCDs were identified: daily tobacco use, frequent heavy drinking, low level physical activity, insufficient vegetable and fruit intake, high risk waist-hip ratio, obesity and hypertension. Multiple risk factors were also calculated by summing all these risk factors. RESULTS The prevalence of daily tobacco use ranged from 7.7% (Ghana) to 46.9% (India), frequent heavy drinker was the highest in China (6.3%) and lowest in India (0.2%), and the highest prevalence of low physical activity was in South Africa (59.7%). The highest prevalence of respondents with high waist-to-hip ratio risk was 84.5% in Mexico, and the prevalence of self-reported hypertension ranging from 33% (India) to 78% (South Africa). Obesity was more common in South Africa, the Russia Federation and Mexico (45.2%, 36% and 28.6%, respectively) compared with China, India and Ghana (15.3%, 9.7% and 6.4%, respectively). China, Ghana and India had a higher prevalence of respondents with multiple risk factors than Mexico, the Russia Federation and South Africa. The occurrence of three and four risk factors was more prevalent in Mexico, the Russia Federation and South Africa. CONCLUSION There were substantial variations across countries and settings, even between upper-middle income countries and lower-middle income countries. The baseline information on the magnitude of the problem of risk factors provided by this study can help countries and health policymakers to set up interventions addressing the global non-communicable disease epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control (Shanghai CDC), 1380 Zhongshan Rd (W), Shanghai, 200336, P.R. China.
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control (Shanghai CDC), 1380 Zhongshan Rd (W), Shanghai, 200336, P.R. China.
| | | | - Yang Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control (Shanghai CDC), 1380 Zhongshan Rd (W), Shanghai, 200336, P.R. China.
| | - Nirmala Naidoo
- World Health Organization, HIS/HSI/MCS, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yong Jiang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention (NCNCD), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Richard Biritwum
- Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Alfred Yawson
- Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Nadia Minicuci
- Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | - Tamara Maximova
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Karl Peltzer
- University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa.
- Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand.
- Human Sciences Research Council, Port Elizabeth/Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Nancy Phaswanamafuya
- Human Sciences Research Council, Port Elizabeth/Pretoria, South Africa.
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor: Research and Engagement, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
| | - James J Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
| | | | - Nawi Ng
- Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Paul Kowal
- World Health Organization, HIS/HSI/MCS, Geneva, Switzerland.
- University of Newcastle Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Newcastle, Australia.
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Kann S, Schmid SM, Eichholzer M, Huang DJ, Amann E, Güth U. The impact of overweight and obesity on breast cancer: data from Switzerland, so far a country little affected by the current global obesity epidemic. Gland Surg 2014; 3:181-97. [PMID: 25207211 PMCID: PMC4139123 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684x.2013.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review presents results from the project "The Impact of Overweight/Obesity on Breast Cancer: data from Switzerland". Swiss data is interesting because the general female population is distinctive in two areas when compared to that of most other industrialized countries: Switzerland has comparatively low rates of overweight (22-23%) and obesity (7-8%) and has rather stable rates of overweight and obesity. The entire project comprised three major issues: (I) etiology of breast cancer (BC). There is a consistently shown association between obesity and postmenopausal BC risk in countries with high obesity prevalence rates in the literature. In our Swiss study group, however, we did not find higher rates of overweight and obesity in postmenopausal BC cases than in the general population. A possible explanation for this observation may be a curvilinear dose-response relationship between BMI and postmenopausal BC risk, so that an increased risk may only be observed in populations with a high prevalence of obese/very obese women; (II) tumor characteristics. BMI was significantly associated with tumor size; this applied not only to the cases where the tumor was found by self-detection, but also to lesions detected by radiological breast examinations. In addition, a higher BMI was positively correlated with advanced TNM stage, unfavorable grading and a higher St. Gallen risk score. No associations were observed between BMI and histological subtype, estrogen receptor status, HER2 status and triple negative BC; (III) patient compliance and persistence towards adjuvant BC therapy. Many studies found that the prognosis of overweight/obese BC patients was significantly lower than that of normal weight patients. However, failure of compliance and persistence towards therapy on the part of the patient is not a contributing factor for this observed unfavorable prognosis. In most therapy modes, patients with increasing BMI demonstrated greater motivation and perseverance towards the recommended treatment.
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Cavaco S, Eriksson T, Skalli A. Life cycle development of obesity and its determinants in six European countries. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2014; 14:62-78. [PMID: 24958454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper empirically examines the effect of parents' and individuals' own socioeconomic status on overweight and obesity, and investigates how this effect changes over the life cycle. The impact of individuals' health behaviours on their obesity status later in life is also studied. We use data from Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, the Netherlands and the U.K. in which 4595 individuals aged 50-65 are surveyed and where individuals' height and weight at different ages (25, 35, 45 and current age) are available. We perform "repeated cross-sections" analyses as well as dynamic probit analyses of the individuals' obesity histories. We contribute to the literature by examining the role of a variety of obesity determinants over the whole life cycle, not only over a certain portion of individuals' lives. Key findings are: (i) parents' socioeconomic status predicts obesity in early adulthood whereas the individual's own socioeconomic status as adult is more important in explaining obesity at later stages of the life cycle, (ii) changes in obesity status are associated with changes in health behaviours, (iii) obesity in late adulthood is strongly and positively correlated with overweight and obesity in younger ages, and (iv) cross-country differences in obesity and overweight largely remain after controlling for parental and childhood factors and individuals' health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Skalli
- LEMMA, Université Panthéon-Assas, France
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Grundy A, Cotterchio M, Kirsh VA, Kreiger N. Associations between anxiety, depression, antidepressant medication, obesity and weight gain among Canadian women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99780. [PMID: 24932472 PMCID: PMC4059657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Some mental illnesses have been suggested to be associated with obesity, although results are somewhat inconsistent and research has focused mainly on depression. Methods Associations between anxiety, depression, medications for these illnesses, and obesity were investigated cross-sectionally among women aged 25–74 (n = 3004) who participated as population controls in a cancer case-control study. Participants self-reported information on anxiety, depression, height, current weight and weight at age 25. Results No association was observed between either anxiety or depression and either current overweight or obesity status. However, depressed women taking antidepressants were more likely to be obese [OR = 1.71 (95%CI = 1.16–2.52) daily antidepressant use; OR = 1.89 (95%CI = 1.21–2.96) ever tricyclic antidepressant use]. In the full study sample consistent positive associations between anxiety, depression and obesity among women with a history of antidepressant use, and generally negative associations among women without, were suggested. Finally, weight gain was associated with history of anxiety [5–19 kg OR = 1.29 (95% CI = 1.06–1.57); ≥20 kg OR = 1.43 (95% CI = 1.08–1.88)] and depression [≥20 kg OR = 1.28 (95% CI = 0.99–1.65)]. Conclusions These results suggest depression and anxiety may be associated with weight gain and antidepressant use may be associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grundy
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria A. Kirsh
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Kreiger
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wübker A. Explaining variations in breast cancer screening across European countries. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2014; 15:497-514. [PMID: 23744174 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-013-0490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study I aim to explore the statistical causes of country differences in mammography screening among women aged 50-69 years in 13 European countries. I focus on the relative importance of individual (e.g. age, education, etc.) and institutional (e.g. public screening programmes) factors in explaining these differences. DATA AND METHODS I use individual level data from the first three waves (2004-2006-2009) of the SHARE as well as regional and country level data on institutional factors. The analytical approach is based on multilevel statistical models, which allow me to analyse the contribution of individual and institutional factors in explaining the variation in breast cancer screening across European countries. RESULTS I find that the standard deviation in screening rates across countries increases slightly from 19.5 to 20.8 per cent after controlling for individual factors. Observed individual factors such as age, education, health status, etc., do not significantly contribute to the explanation of cross-country differences. In contrast, after controlling for observed institutional factors such as the availability of an organised screening programme, the standard deviation drops from 20.86 to 12.92 per cent. These factors can statistically explain about 40 per cent of the between-country differences in screening rates. Moreover, I found that these institutional factors seem to prevent a woman from considering a mammogram "not necessary". CONCLUSION This analysis provides important insights about patient's attitudes and understanding of benefits of breast cancer prevention and highlights the importance of the availability of an organised screening programme for screening differences across European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Wübker
- Department of Economics, Institutional Economics and Health Systems Management, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany,
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Westphal C, Doblhammer G. Projections of trends in overweight in the elderly population in Germany until 2030 and international comparison. Obes Facts 2014; 7:57-68. [PMID: 24525549 PMCID: PMC5644839 DOI: 10.1159/000358738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To project the numbers of pre-obese (BMI 25-29.99 kg/m²) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²) men and women aged 50+ in Germany until 2030 and to compare our estimates with actual figures from four European countries and the USA. Estimates are based on six scenarios encompassing improvements as well as worsenings of current trends. METHODS We used pooled data from 1999 to 2009 of the German Microcensus (n = 1,472,547). Using multinomial logistic regression models we estimated age-specific probabilities of pre-obesity and obesity and applied them to the 12th population projection of the Federal Statistical Office. RESULTS We project overall increases in absolute numbers of pre-obesity ranging between 14.2 and 18.2 million. However, the prevalence of pre-obesity is likely to decrease slightly. In contrast, absolute and relative numbers of obesity are projected to increase, ranging between 7.2 and 15.8 million. The international comparison revealed that pre-obesity prevalences will remain among the highest in Germany, while obesity is projected to fall below current levels of the UK or the USA. CONCLUSION Pre-obesity and, particularly, obesity are likely to become a more prominent health issue in Germany in the near future which could have large repercussions for the public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Westphal
- Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Rostock, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriele Doblhammer
- Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Rostock, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
- Institute for Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Germany
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Power SE, Jeffery IB, Ross RP, Stanton C, O'Toole PW, O'Connor EM, Fitzgerald GF. Food and nutrient intake of Irish community-dwelling elderly subjects: who is at nutritional risk? J Nutr Health Aging 2014; 18:561-72. [PMID: 24950145 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-014-0449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the dietary intakes of Irish community-dwelling elderly individuals, participating in the ELDERMET project. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Cork city and county region of southern Ireland. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and eight (94 males, 114 females) community-dwelling subjects aged 64-93 yrs. MEASUREMENTS Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric data were recorded. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). RESULTS A high rate of overweight/obesity was observed in this population group. Consumption of energy-dense, low-nutrient foods was excessive among this population group. Older elderly subjects (≥75 yrs) consumed significantly (P<0.01) more desserts/sweets than younger elderly (64-74 yrs). Intakes of dietary fat and saturated fat were high while dairy food consumption was inadequate in both males and females. Elderly females typically had a more nutrient-dense diet than males. A considerable proportion of subjects, particularly males, had inadequate intakes of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, folate, zinc and vitamin C. CONCLUSION The data indicate that the diet of Irish community-dwelling elderly individuals is sub-optimal with respect to nutrient intake, and excessive in terms of fat intake, with implications for the health status of this population group. Reductions in dietary fat and increased low fat dairy food intakes are recommended for the prevention of diet-related disease in older persons. In addition, strategies to improve a number of sub-optimal micronutrient intakes need to be developed and implemented, particularly among elderly males.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Power
- JProf. Gerald F. Fitzgerald, University College Cork, Ireland, tel. +353 21 4902730, fax +353 21 4903101, email
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Lo Coco G, Salerno L, Bruno V, Caltabiano ML, Ricciardelli LA. Binge eating partially mediates the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and psychological distress in obese treatment seeking individuals. Eat Behav 2014; 15:45-8. [PMID: 24411749 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared the binge eating pathway linking body image dissatisfaction (BID) and psychological distress of obese adults entering and not entering psychological treatment for their weight problems. METHOD 90 obese participants seeking an integrated treatment (OB-IT) and 87 obese participants seeking only medical treatment (OB-MT) for their weight problems completed questionnaires on BID, binge eating and psychological well-being. RESULTS Only in the OB-IT group, binge eating behaviors mediated the relationship between BID and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Both BID and binge eating behaviors need to be addressed in the psychological and medical treatment for obesity to enhance psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Laura Salerno
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bruno
- Center of Eating Disorders Ce.Di.Al., ASP Palermo, Via Papa Sergio I, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marie Louise Caltabiano
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Lina A Ricciardelli
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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van der Starre RE, Coffeng JK, Hendriksen IJM, van Mechelen W, Boot CRL. Associations between overweight, obesity, health measures and need for recovery in office employees: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1207. [PMID: 24359267 PMCID: PMC3890611 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With both a high need for recovery (NFR) and overweight and obesity being a potential burden for organizations (e.g. productivity loss and sickness absence), the aim of this paper was to examine the associations between overweight and obesity and several other health measures and NFR in office workers. Methods Baseline data of 412 office employees participating in a randomised controlled trial aimed at improving NFR in office workers were used. Associations between self-reported BMI categories (normal body weight, overweight, obesity) and several other health measures (general health, mental health, sleep quality, stress and vitality) with NFR were examined. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed and adjusted for age, education and job demands. In addition, we adjusted for general health in the association between overweight and obesity and NFR. Results A significant positive association was observed between stress and NFR (B = 18.04, 95%CI:14.53-21.56). General health, mental health, sleep quality and vitality were negatively associated with NFR (p < 0.001). Analyses also showed a significant positive association between obesity and NFR (B = 8.77, 95%CI:0.01-17.56), but not between overweight and NFR. Conclusions The findings suggest that self-reported stress is, and obesity may be, associated with a higher NFR. Additionally, the results imply that health measures that indicate a better health are associated with a lower NFR. Trial registration The trial is registered at the Dutch Trial Register (NTR) under trial registration number: NTR2553.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cécile R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Sheehan KJ, O'Connell MDL, Cunningham C, Crosby L, Kenny RA. The relationship between increased body mass index and frailty on falls in community dwelling older adults. BMC Geriatr 2013; 13:132. [PMID: 24313947 PMCID: PMC4029500 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-13-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global population is becoming older and more overweight. The inter-relationship between frailty and falls is often seen in the older adult and is associated with poor health outcomes. Little is known about this relationship for those with excess body mass. This study aimed to assess the relationships between BMI, frailty and falls. Methods Frailty, body mass index, clinical and demographic characteristics were assessed at baseline for 606 community dwelling adults aged 60 years and older. Falls were assessed prospectively with a semi-structured telephone interview two years later. Results An increase in BMI contributed significantly to the identification of frail (Odds Ratio: 4.4; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.4, 13.6) older adults. A total of 346 falls by 148 participants were reported at follow up. Those with an increased BMI were significantly less likely to have experienced a fall between baseline and follow up assessments (p = 0.03). Despite these opposing trends a BMI greater than or equal to 30.0 kg.m2 did not alter the relationship between falls and frailty for the current cohort. Conclusions This is the first study to assess the falls-frailty relationship for those with an increased BMI. Obesity was found to be protective against falling but not specifically in frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Sheehan
- Technology Research for Independent Living (TRIL), St,James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Tajik E, Ebrahimi F, Rasouli B, Tajik E, Ebrahimi F, Rasouli B. Bone Mineral Density Contributors, Body Mass Index and Calcium Intake in Postmenopausal Women. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2013.684.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Vasunilashorn S, Kim JK, Crimmins EM. International differences in the links between obesity and physiological dysregulation: the United States, England, and Taiwan. J Obes 2013; 2013:618056. [PMID: 23781331 PMCID: PMC3679767 DOI: 10.1155/2013/618056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess weight has generally been associated with adverse health outcomes; however, the link between overweight and health outcomes may vary with socioeconomic, cultural, and epidemiological conditions. We examine associations of weight with indicators of biological risk in three nationally representative populations: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study in Taiwan. Indicators of biological risk were compared for obese (defined using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference) and normal weight individuals aged 54+. Generally, obesity in England was associated with elevated risk for more markers examined; obese Americans also had elevated risks except that they did not have elevated blood pressure (BP). Including waist circumference in our consideration of BMI indicated different links between obesity and waist size across countries; we found higher physiological dysregulation among those with high waist but normal BMI compared to those with normal waist and normal BMI. Americans had the highest levels of biological risk in all weight/waist groups. Cross-country variation in biological risk associated with obesity may reflect differences in health behaviors, lifestyle, medication use, and culture.
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Charland KM, Buckeridge DL, Hoen AG, Berry JG, Elixhauser A, Melton F, Brownstein JS. Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza-related hospitalizations in the United States. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2012; 7:718-28. [PMID: 23136926 PMCID: PMC5781204 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Please cite this paper as: Charland et al.(2012) Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations in the United States. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12019. Background Findings from studies examining the association between obesity and acute respiratory infection are inconsistent. Few studies have assessed the relationship between obesity‐related behavioral factors, such as diet and exercise, and risk of acute respiratory infection. Objective To determine whether community prevalence of obesity, low fruit/vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity are associated with influenza‐related hospitalization rates. Methods Using data from 274 US counties, from 2002 to 2008, we regressed county influenza‐related hospitalization rates on county prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30), low fruit/vegetable consumption (<5 servings/day), and physical inactivity (<30 minutes/month recreational exercise), while adjusting for community‐level confounders such as insurance coverage and the number of primary care physicians per 100 000 population. Results A 5% increase in obesity prevalence was associated with a 12% increase in influenza‐related hospitalization rates [adjusted rate ratio (ARR) 1·12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·07, 1·17]. Similarly, a 5% increase in the prevalence of low fruit/vegetable consumption and physical inactivity was associated with an increase of 12% (ARR 1·12, 95% CI 1·08, 1·17) and 11% (ARR 1·11, 95% CI 1·07, 1·16), respectively. When all three variables were included in the same model, a 5% increase in prevalence of obesity, low fruit/vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity was associated with 6%, 8%, and 7% increases in influenza‐related hospitalization rates, respectively. Conclusions Communities with a greater prevalence of obesity were more likely to have high influenza‐related hospitalization rates. Similarly, less physically active populations, with lower fruit/vegetable consumption, tended to have higher influenza‐related hospitalization rates, even after accounting for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia M Charland
- Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
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Badr HE, Shah NM, Shah MA. Obesity among Kuwaitis aged 50 years or older: prevalence, correlates, and comorbidities. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2012; 53:555-66. [PMID: 22936531 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gns108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is a serious global health problem. Our objectives are to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among elderly Kuwaitis aged 50 or older, examine their sociodemographic correlates, and analyze the association between obesity and its comorbidities. METHODS A cross-sectional face-to-face interview survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted among 2,443 Kuwaiti men and women aged 50 or older. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. RESULTS About 81% respondents were overweight of whom 46% were obese. Mean BMI was 30.0 (31.2 for women and 28.1 for men). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that relatively young elderly Kuwaitis (50-59) were 1.7 and 2.2 times more likely to be overweight and obese, respectively, compared with those aged 70 or older. Married individuals had 2.3 times higher risk to be overweight or obese than non-married individuals. Women were 3.6 times more likely to suffer from obesity than men. Overweight and obesity were found to be independent risk factors for hypertension (OR = 1.3 and 1.9, respectively), diabetes (OR = 1.4), and osteoarthritis (OR = 1.8 and 1.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of overweight and obesity is alarmingly high among elderly Kuwaitis. The associated disease burden is substantial. Stakeholders should address the problem and launch national extensive health-promoting campaigns targeting perceptible lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan E Badr
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923 Safat, 13110 Kuwait.
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Ferra A, Bibiloni MDM, Zapata ME, Pich J, Pons A, Tur JA. Body mass index, life-style, and healthy status in free living elderly people in Menorca Island. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:298-305. [PMID: 22499446 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the BMI, life-style, and healthy status, and explore relationships between these parameters, among Menorca's free living elderly people. METHODS A cross-sectional survey carried out in Menorca Island in 2009. A random sample (n=450) of the elderly population (≥65 years) was interviewed. Anthropometric measurements and a general questionnaire incorporating questions related to socio-demographic and life-style factors and health status were used. RESULTS Approximately five per cent of elders were underweight and 60% overweight or obese. Underweight were positively and overweight and obesity negatively affected by age. The prevalence of central obesity, according to the WC cut-off points, was 66.8% in men and 85.1% in women. Low education, socioeconomic status and physical activity were risk factors for malnutrition and overweight/obesity. A possible cognitive impairment was found among elderly persons with BMI<22 kg/m2. A J-shaped association between BMI and hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, heart failure and other CV diseases, a U-shaped relation between BMI and diabetes mellitus, arthritis, and chronic bronchitis, and an inverted J-shape between BMI and gastric ulcer, osteoporosis and bone fractures, cancer, and prostatitis (in men) were found. CONCLUSIONS Both low and high BMI are associated with a wide range of prevalent conditions and diseases in Menorca elderly men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ferra
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Broström A, Sunnergren O, Nilsen P, Fridlund B, Ulander M, Svanborg E. Gender differences in respiratory disturbance, sleep and daytime sleepiness in hypertensive patients with different degrees of obesity. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2012; 12:140-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1474515112438163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Broström
- Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping Sweden
| | - Ola Sunnergren
- Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsen
- Division of Social Medicine and Public Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health and Society, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fridlund
- Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Ulander
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Svanborg
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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La interacción del sistema social y el sanitario. Informe SESPAS 2012. GACETA SANITARIA 2012; 26 Suppl 1:124-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Extreme Obesity and Associated Cardiovascular Disease Verified at Autopsy. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2011; 32:372-7. [DOI: 10.1097/paf.0b013e318219cd89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Obesity in older adults: epidemiology and implications for disability and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 22:10-34. [DOI: 10.1017/s0959259811000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SummaryObesity is a worldwide problem with increasing prevalence and incidence in both developed and developing countries. In older adults, excess weight is associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, several important cancers, and numerous other medical conditions. Obesity has also been associated with increased functional limitations, disability, and poorer quality of life. Additionally, obesity has been independently associated with all-cause mortality. The obesity epidemic has important social and economic implications, representing an important source of increased public health care costs. The aim of this review is to report the epidemiology of obesity worldwide, and the implications of obesity on disability and chronic diseases in older adults.
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Eichholzer M, Schmid SM, Bovey F, Jordan P, Rohrmann S, Huang DJ, Rochlitz C, Güth U. Impact of overweight and obesity on postmenopausal breast cancer: analysis of 20-year data from Switzerland. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 285:797-803. [PMID: 21814854 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-2022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Greater body fatness has been identified as a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. For countries with low overweight/obesity rates, data on prevalence and time course of overweight/obesity in women with breast cancer in comparison to women in the general population is limited. The Swiss female population is distinctive for two reasons: (a) low rates of overweight/obesity compared with other western countries, and (b) no obesity epidemic, i.e. stable rates of overweight/obesity for more than 10 years. METHODS Overweight and obesity were analyzed in 51 to 80-year-old breast cancer patients initially diagnosed between 1990 and 2009. Patient data was derived from the Basel Breast Cancer Database (BBCD). This data was compared with the data of women of the same age from the four Swiss Health Surveys (SHS) conducted between 1992 and 2007. Differences between measured (BBCD) and self-reported (SHS) data were corrected using equations approved for the Swiss population. RESULTS Of 958 postmenopausal BBCD patients, 32% were overweight and 20% were obese. Of the 14,476 women of the SHS, 38% were overweight and 17% were obese. In the BBCD, there was no change in the prevalence of overweight/obesity over the last 20 years. The four SHS show a convex curvature for obesity, i.e. a transient increase. No significant differences were observed between BBCD and corrected SHS data for overweight and obesity during this period. CONCLUSIONS In this Swiss study group with a comparably low prevalence of overweight and obesity, no association between body fatness and postmenopausal breast cancer was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Eichholzer
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
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Rutegård M, Lagergren P, Nordenstedt H, Lagergren J. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma: The new epidemic in men? Maturitas 2011; 69:244-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Michaud PC, Goldman D, Lakdawalla D, Gailey A, Zheng Y. Differences in health between Americans and Western Europeans: Effects on longevity and public finance. Soc Sci Med 2011; 73:254-63. [PMID: 21719178 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In 1975, 50-year-old Americans could expect to live slightly longer than most of their Western European counterparts. By 2005, American life expectancy had fallen behind that of most Western European countries. We find that this growing longevity gap is primarily due to real declines in the health of near-elderly Americans, relative to their Western European peers. We use a microsimulation approach to project what US longevity would look like, if US health trends approximated those in Western Europe. The model implies that differences in health can explain most of the growing gap in remaining life expectancy. In addition, we quantify the public finance consequences of this deterioration in health. The model predicts that gradually moving American cohorts to the health status enjoyed by Western Europeans could save up to $1.1 trillion in discounted total health expenditures from 2004 to 2050.
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Sallinen J, Stenholm S, Rantanen T, Heliöaara M, Sainio P, Koskinen S. Effect of age on the association between body fat percentage and maximal walking speed. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:427-32. [PMID: 21623462 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of age on the association between body fat percentage and maximal walking speed in older people. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analysis of data collected in the Finnish population-based Health 2000 Survey involving 916 men and 1 222 women aged 55 years and older with complete data on body composition and a walking speed test. METHODS Body fat percentage was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis and maximal walking speed based on a timed walking test over a distance of 6.1 meters. Linear regression models were used to study the effect of age on association between body fat percentage and maximal walking speed. RESULTS The association between body fat percentage quartiles and maximal walking speed differed significantly between persons of different ages (p for age interaction = 0.027). In the age-stratified analyses, the association between body fat percentage and maximal walking speed remained significant among 60-69-year olds and 70-79-year-olds, but disappeared among 55-59-year-olds and 80-year and older after adjustment for potential covariates. Body fat percentage explained 11% of the variation in maximal walking speed among 55-59-year-olds, 21% among 60-69-year-olds, 17% among 70-79-year-olds and 11% among 80-year and older. CONCLUSION Association between body fat percentage and maximal walking speed was strongest between the ages of 60 and 79 years. The results suggest that the effects of excess body fatness are especially harmful for physical functioning among adults in their sixties and seventies and they could benefit from interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sallinen
- J. Sallinen, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1199, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Lo Coco G, Gullo S, Scrima F, Bruno V. Obesity and Interpersonal Problems: An Analysis with the Interpersonal Circumplex. Clin Psychol Psychother 2011; 19:390-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology; Università degli Studi di Palermo; Palermo; Italy
| | - Salvatore Gullo
- Department of Psychology; Università degli Studi di Palermo; Palermo; Italy
| | - Fabrizio Scrima
- Department of Psychology; Università degli Studi di Palermo; Palermo; Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bruno
- Center of Eating Disorders (Ce.Di.Al.); Department of Pathological Addictions; ASP 6; Palermo; Italy
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Faith MS, Butryn M, Wadden TA, Fabricatore A, Nguyen AM, Heymsfield SB. Evidence for prospective associations among depression and obesity in population-based studies. Obes Rev 2011; 12:e438-53. [PMID: 21414128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity may lead to depression or be one of its consequences. We reviewed population-based studies in order to, first, identify the most commonly used research methods, and, second, to evaluate the strength of evidence for prospective associations among obesity and depression. We examined 25 studies, of which 10 tested 'obesity-to-depression' pathways, and 15 tested 'depression-to-obesity' pathways. Descriptive statistics summarized the frequency with which various measurements, designs and data analytic strategies were used. We tallied the number of studies that reported any vs. no statistically significant associations, and report on effect sizes, identified moderating variables within reports, and sought common findings across studies. Results indicated considerable methodological heterogeneity in the literature. Depression was assessed by clinical interview in 44% of studies, weight and height were directly measured in 32%, and only 12% used both. In total, 80% of the studies reported significant obesity-to-depression associations, with odds ratios generally in the range of 1.0 to 2.0, while only 53% of the studies reported significant depression-to-obesity associations. Sex was a common moderating variable. Thus, there was good evidence that obesity is prospectively associated with increased depression, with less consistent evidence that depression leads to obesity. Recommendations for future research regarding study samples, measurement and data analysis are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Faith
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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The association among interpersonal problems, binge behaviors, and self-esteem, in the assessment of obese individuals. Compr Psychiatry 2011; 52:164-70. [PMID: 21295223 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although disordered eating has been assumed to be associated with interpersonal problems, there is a lack of research regarding the relationship between interpersonal problems and obesity. This study explored associations among self-esteem, binge behaviors, and interpersonal problems in obese individuals, by contrasting obese persons with overweight persons, and to investigate whether body mass index (BMI), binge behaviors, and self-esteem predict interpersonal problems in obese individuals. METHODS A group of nonobese overweight people (n = 65; BMI range, 25-29.9 kg/m²) and a group of obese people (n = 78; BMI >35 kg/m²) were selected from 224 people attending a mental health care service specializing in eating disorders in Palermo (Italy). Seventy-eight percent of participants were female. All participants filled in the following measures: the Inventory of Interpersonal problems-short version, the Binge Eating Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. RESULTS The findings showed that 4 domains of interpersonal problems were associated with binge behaviors and self-esteem in obese participants. Moreover, the relationship between binge behaviors and interpersonal problems was partially mediated by self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Given the poor prognosis for the long-term management of obesity, it could be important for clinicians to carefully assess patients' interpersonal functioning and its relationship to self-esteem and binge behaviors, especially with respect to treatment-seeking obese patients.
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Norberg M, Lindvall K, Stenlund H, Lindahl B. The obesity epidemic slows among the middle-aged population in Sweden while the socioeconomic gap widens. Glob Health Action 2010; 3. [PMID: 21160918 PMCID: PMC3002098 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v3i0.5149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity prevalence has continuously increased in Northern Sweden as elsewhere. A cohort effect has been shown and an increasing proportion of the middle-aged population is maintaining body weight. Objective To test the hypothesis that the obesity epidemic continues but at different speeds that are dependent on socioeconomic status. Design Cross-sectional (103,940 adults) and longitudinal (26,872 adults) data from the Västerbotten Intervention Program 1990–2007 were included. All adults in Västerbotten County are invited to a health examination at the ages of 40, 50, and 60 years. Body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status, assessed by residence location, marital status, and education were evaluated. Results BMI increased in all groups but was greater among men. During 1990–1995 and 2002–2007, mean BMIs were 25.9 and 26.8 among men and 25.2 and 25.9 among women. The trend of increasing BMI slowed around the year 2000 (p<0.001), but this was only observed among the highly educated adults in the most urbanized area. The difference between educational groups increased throughout the study period (men p=0.014, women p=0.002). Longitudinal data for both sexes showed a twofold higher baseline prevalence of obesity among individuals with basic compared to high education and it nearly doubled in all groups during the 10-year follow-up. Low education, living in a rural environment, and living alone were independent predictors of obesity development. The overall cumulative 10-year incidence was 9.4% in men, 9.1% in women, and twofold higher among those with basic and mid-level education who live in rural areas compared to those with high education who live in cities. Conclusion The trend of increasing obesity has slowed in this middle-aged Northern Sweden population, but this trend shift occurred primarily among those with high education who live in an urban environment. Greater efforts to combat obesogenic environments are needed and should take socioeconomic and sociocultural aspects into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Norberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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