1
|
Li S, Williamson ZL, Christofferson MA, Jeevanandam A, Campos SK. A peptide derived from sorting nexin 1 inhibits HPV16 entry, retrograde trafficking, and L2 membrane spanning. Tumour Virus Res 2024; 18:200287. [PMID: 38909779 PMCID: PMC11255958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for 99 % of cervical cancers and 5 % of all human cancers worldwide. HPV infection requires the viral genome (vDNA) to gain access to nuclei of basal keratinocytes of epithelium. After virion endocytosis, the minor capsid protein L2 dictates the subcellular retrograde trafficking and nuclear localization of the vDNA during mitosis. Prior work identified a cell-permeable peptide termed SNX1.3, derived from the BAR domain of sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), that potently blocks the retrograde and nuclear trafficking of EGFR in triple negative breast cancer cells. Given the importance of EGFR and retrograde trafficking pathways in HPV16 infection, we set forth to study the effects of SNX1.3 within this context. SNX1.3 inhibited HPV16 infection by both delaying virion endocytosis, as well as potently blocking virion retrograde trafficking and Golgi localization. SNX1.3 had no effect on cell proliferation, nor did it affect post-Golgi trafficking of HPV16. Looking more directly at L2 function, SNX1.3 was found to impair membrane spanning of the minor capsid protein. Future work will focus on mechanistic studies of SNX1.3 inhibition, and the role of EGFR signaling and SNX1-mediated endosomal tubulation, cargo sorting, and retrograde trafficking in HPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaizhi Li
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Zachary L Williamson
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Samuel K Campos
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Williamson ZL, Christofferson MA, Jeevanandam A, Campos SK. A Peptide Derived from Sorting Nexin 1 Inhibits HPV16 Entry, Retrograde Trafficking, and L2 Membrane Spanning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.25.595865. [PMID: 38826391 PMCID: PMC11142256 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.25.595865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for 99% of cervical cancers and 5% of all human cancers worldwide. HPV infection requires the viral genome (vDNA) to gain access to nuclei of basal keratinocytes of epithelium. After virion endocytosis, the minor capsid protein L2 dictates the subcellular retrograde trafficking and nuclear localization of the vDNA during mitosis. Prior work identified a cell-permeable peptide termed SNX1.3, derived from the BAR domain of sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), that potently blocks the retrograde and nuclear trafficking of EGFR in triple negative breast cancer cells. Given the importance of EGFR and retrograde trafficking pathways in HPV16 infection, we set forth to study the effects of SNX1.3 within this context. SNX1.3 inhibited HPV16 infection by both delaying virion endocytosis, as well as potently blocking virion retrograde trafficking and Golgi localization. SNX1.3 had no effect on cell proliferation, nor did it affect post-Golgi trafficking of HPV16. Looking more directly at L2 function, SNX1.3 was found to impair membrane spanning of the minor capsid protein. Future work will focus on mechanistic studies of SNX1.3 inhibition, and the role of EGFR signaling and SNX1- mediated endosomal tubulation, cargo sorting, and retrograde trafficking in HPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaizhi Li
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Current Address: Microbiologics, Inc. Saint Cloud, MN USA
| | - Zachary L Williamson
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Current Address: Microbiologics, Inc. Saint Cloud, MN USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Current Address: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Current Address: Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA, HPV16
| | - Matthew A Christofferson
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Current Address: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Advait Jeevanandam
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Current Address: Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Samuel K Campos
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA, HPV16
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roman C, Andrade D, Hernández Y, Salazar ZK, Espinosa L, Campoverde E, Guallaizaca L, Merchán M, Sarmiento M, Brenner J. Biological, demographic, and health factors associated with HPV infection in Ecuadorian women. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1158270. [PMID: 37397749 PMCID: PMC10311495 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1158270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aims to identify the correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and sociodemographic and sexual reproductive health factors in Ecuadorian women from March to August 2019. Methods 120 women were randomly selected from two gynecological clinics to complete a questionnaire and provide a biospecimen. PCR-Hybridization was used to genotype 37 HPV serotypes in samples obtained by endo-cervical brushing for liquid-based cytology. Sociodemographic and sexual health data were collected through a validated questionnaire during a medical consultation. Mathematical modeling of HPV infection was done using bivariate logistic regression. Results 65.0% of the women sampled had an HPV infection; 74.3% of these women had co-infections with other HPV genotypes. Out of the women who were HPV positive, 75.6% were diagnosed with high-risk genotypes from HPV strains 18, 35, 52, and 66. Parity, immunosuppression, and use of oral contraception/intrauterine devices (IUDs) were identified as associated variables. The explanatory model had a sensitivity of 89.5% and a specificity of 73.8%. Conclusion The predominant strains of HPV among Ecuadorian women are diverse. The risk of HPV infection is a complex phenomenon where biological and psychosocial variables are integrated into a model. In populations with limited access to health services, low socioeconomic status, and negative sociocultural beliefs about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), surveys can be used as a pre-screening step for HPV infections. The diagnostic value of the model should be tested in multicenter studies that include women from all over the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roman
- Diagnostic Department, MEDsan, Inc., Saint Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Diego Andrade
- Investigation Center for Health, Academic Unit of Health and Wellness, Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE), Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Yenima Hernández
- Department of Mental Health, The Angels Mental Health Community, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Zoila K. Salazar
- Investigation Center for Health, Academic Unit of Health and Wellness, Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE), Cuenca, Ecuador
- Medical Center Association for the Well-being of the Ecuadorian Family (APROFE), Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Lizette Espinosa
- Investigation Center for Health, Academic Unit of Health and Wellness, Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE), Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Erika Campoverde
- Investigation Center for Health, Academic Unit of Health and Wellness, Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE), Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Lourdes Guallaizaca
- Investigation Center for Health, Academic Unit of Health and Wellness, Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE), Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - María Merchán
- Investigation Center for Health, Academic Unit of Health and Wellness, Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE), Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Miriam Sarmiento
- Obstetrics Department, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Jonathan Brenner
- Diagnostic Department, MEDsan, Inc., Saint Petersburg, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alghamdi MA, AL-Eitan LN, Tarkhan AH. Integrative analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation to identify biomarkers of non-genital warts induced by low-risk human papillomaviruses infection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16101. [PMID: 37215908 PMCID: PMC10196596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomaviruses have been shown to dysregulate the gene expression and DNA methylation profiles of their host cells over the course of infection. However, there is a lack of information on the impact of low-risk HPV infection and wart formation on host cell's expression and methylation patterns. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the genome and methylome of common warts using an integrative approach. Methods In the present study, gene expression (GSE136347) and methylation (GSE213888) datasets of common warts were obtained from the GEO database. Identification of the differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes was carried out using the RnBeads R package and the edgeR Bioconductor package. Next, functional annotation of the identified genes was obtained using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Network construction and analyses of the gene-gene, protein-protein, and signaling interactions of the differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes was performed using the GeneMANIA web interface, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, and the Signaling Network Open Resource 2.0 (SIGNOR 2.0), respectively. Lastly, significant hub genes were identified using the Cytoscape application CytoHubba. Results A total of 276 genes were identified as differentially expressed and differentially methylated in common warts, with 52% being upregulated and hypermethylated. Functional enrichment analysis identified extracellular components as the most enriched annotations, while network analyses identified ELN, ITGB1, TIMP1, MMP2, LGALS3, COL1A1 and ANPEP as significant hub genes. Conclusions To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first integrative study to be carried out on non-genital warts induced by low-risk HPV types. Future studies are required to re-validate the findings in larger populations using alternative approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A. Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laith N. AL-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Amneh H. Tarkhan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramberg IMS. Human papillomavirus-related neoplasia of the ocular adnexa. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100 Suppl 272:3-33. [PMID: 36203222 PMCID: PMC9827891 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are involved in approximately 5% of solid cancers worldwide. The mucosotropic genotypes infect the stratified epithelium of various locations, where persistent infection may lead to invasive carcinomas. While the causative role of HPV in certain anogenital and head and neck carcinomas is well established, the role of HPV in carcinomas arising in the mucosal membranes of the ocular adnexal tissue (the lacrimal drainage system and the conjunctiva) has been a topic of great uncertainty. Therefore, we conducted a series of studies to assess the correlation between HPV and carcinomas arising in the mucosa of the ocular adnexal tissue and characterize the clinical, histopathological, and genomic features of the tumors in the context of HPV status in a Danish nationwide cohort. We collected clinical and histopathological data and tumor specimens from patients with carcinomas of the conjunctiva and the lacrimal drainage system, and their potential precursors, identified in Danish nationwide registries. The HPV status of the tumors was determined by the combined use of HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPV E6/E7 mRNA in-situ hybridization, and p16 immunohistochemistry. The genomic profile was investigated by high-throughput DNA sequencing targeting 523 cancer-relevant genes. The literature to date on carcinomas of the lacrimal drainage system and the conjunctiva was summarized. In the Danish cohort, 67% of all carcinomas of the lacrimal drainage system and 21% of all conjunctival carcinomas were HPV-positive. HPV16 was the most frequently implicated genotype. A full-thickness expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 was evident in almost all HPV DNA-positive cases. The HPV-positive carcinomas of the conjunctiva and the lacrimal drainage system shared histopathological and genomic features distinct from their HPV-negative counterparts. The HPV-positive carcinomas were characterized by a non-keratinizing morphology, p16 overexpression, high transcriptional activity of HPV E6/E7, and frequent pathogenic variants in the PI3K-AKT signaling cascade. In contrast, the HPV-negative carcinomas were characterized by a keratinizing morphology, lack of p16 and E6/E7 expression, and frequent somatic pathogenic variants in TP53, CDKN2A, and RB1. Among the patients with conjunctival tumors, HPV positivity was associated with a younger age at diagnosis and a higher risk of recurrence. In conclusion, the results support an etiological role of HPV in a subset of conjunctival and LDS carcinomas and their precursor lesions. Our investigations have shown that the HPV-positive carcinomas of the ocular adnexa share genomic and phenotypic characteristics with HPV-positive carcinomas of other anatomical locations. Therefore, these patients may be eligible for inclusion in future basket trials and future treatment regimens tailored to the more frequently occurring HPV-positive carcinomas of other locations. Future research will further elucidate the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive role of HPV in these carcinomas.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu L, Majerciak V, Zheng ZM. HPV16 and HPV18 Genome Structure, Expression, and Post-Transcriptional Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094943. [PMID: 35563334 PMCID: PMC9105396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of small non-enveloped DNA viruses whose infection causes benign tumors or cancers. HPV16 and HPV18, the two most common high-risk HPVs, are responsible for ~70% of all HPV-related cervical cancers and head and neck cancers. The expression of the HPV genome is highly dependent on cell differentiation and is strictly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Both HPV early and late transcripts differentially expressed in the infected cells are intron-containing bicistronic or polycistronic RNAs bearing more than one open reading frame (ORF), because of usage of alternative viral promoters and two alternative viral RNA polyadenylation signals. Papillomaviruses proficiently engage alternative RNA splicing to express individual ORFs from the bicistronic or polycistronic RNA transcripts. In this review, we discuss the genome structures and the updated transcription maps of HPV16 and HPV18, and the latest research advances in understanding RNA cis-elements, intron branch point sequences, and RNA-binding proteins in the regulation of viral RNA processing. Moreover, we briefly discuss the epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and possible APOBEC-mediated genome editing in HPV infections and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Are De Facto Cellular Receptors for Human Papillomavirus 16 under High Serum Conditions. J Virol 2022; 96:e0185721. [DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01857-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have previously been identified as primary attachment factors for the initial binding of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) prior to infection. Here, we demonstrate that
in vitro
, HPV binding to HSPGs is strongly dependent on the surrounding experimental conditions, including the concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS).
Collapse
|
8
|
Young JM, Zine El Abidine A, Gómez-Martinez RA, Bondu V, Sterk RT, Surviladze Z, Ozbun MA. Protamine Sulfate Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Papillomavirus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0151321. [PMID: 34723633 PMCID: PMC8765401 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01513-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are transmitted through sexual or other close contact and are etiologically associated with epithelial warts, papillomas, and intraepithelial lesions that may progress to cancer. Indeed, 4.8% of the global cancer burden is linked to HPV infection. Highly effective vaccines protect against two to nine of the most medically important HPV genotypes, yet vaccine uptake is inadequate and/or cost prohibitive in many settings. With HPV-related cancer incidence expected to rise over the coming decades, there is a need for effective HPV microbicides. Herein, we demonstrate the strong inhibitory activity of the heparin-neutralizing drug protamine sulfate (PS) against HPV infection. Pretreatment of cells with PS greatly reduced infection, regardless of HPV genotype or virus source. Vaginal application of PS prevented infection of the murine genital tract by HPV pseudovirions. Time-of-addition assays where PS was added to cells before infection, during infection, or after viral attachment demonstrated strong inhibitory activities on early infection steps. No effect on virus infection was found for cell lines deficient in heparan sulfate expression, suggesting that PS binds to heparan sulfate on the cell surface. Consistent with this, prophylactic PS exposure prevented viral attachment, including under low-pH conditions akin to the human vaginal tract. Our findings suggest PS acts dually to prevent HPV infection: prophylactic treatment prevents HPV attachment to host cells, and postattachment administration alters viral entry. Clinical trials are warranted to determine whether protamine-based products are effective as topical microbicides against genital HPVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M. Young
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amira Zine El Abidine
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Gómez-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Virginie Bondu
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Rosa T. Sterk
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Zurab Surviladze
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Michelle A. Ozbun
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carse S, Lang D, Katz AA, Schäfer G. Exogenous Vimentin Supplementation Transiently Affects Early Steps during HPV16 Pseudovirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122471. [PMID: 34960740 PMCID: PMC8703489 DOI: 10.3390/v13122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and modulating the early steps in oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has great cancer-preventative potential, as this virus is the etiological agent of virtually all cervical cancer cases and is associated with many other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Previous work from our laboratory has identified cell-surface-expressed vimentin as a novel HPV16 pseudovirus (HPV16-PsVs)-binding molecule modulating its infectious potential. To further explore its mode of inhibiting HPV16-PsVs internalisation, we supplemented it with exogenous recombinant human vimentin and show that only the globular form of the molecule (as opposed to the filamentous form) inhibited HPV16-PsVs internalisation in vitro. Further, this inhibitory effect was only transient and not sustained over prolonged incubation times, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, possibly due to full-entry molecule engagement by the virions once saturation levels have been reached. The vimentin-mediated delay of HPV16-PsVs internalisation could be narrowed down to affecting multiple steps during the virus’ interaction with the host cell and was found to affect both heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) binding as well as the subsequent entry receptor complex engagement. Interestingly, decreased pseudovirus internalisation (but not infection) in the presence of vimentin was also demonstrated for oncogenic HPV types 18, 31 and 45. Together, these data demonstrate the potential of vimentin as a modulator of HPV infection which can be used as a tool to study early mechanisms in infectious internalisation. However, further refinement is needed with regard to vimentin’s stabilisation and formulation before its development as an alternative prophylactic means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Carse
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Dirk Lang
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Arieh A. Katz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- SA-MRC-UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-404-7688
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ostrovsky O, Beider K, Morgulis Y, Bloom N, Cid-Arregui A, Shimoni A, Vlodavsky I, Nagler A. CMV Seropositive Status Increases Heparanase SNPs Regulatory Activity, Risk of Acute GVHD and Yield of CD34 + Cell Mobilization. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123489. [PMID: 34943994 PMCID: PMC8700738 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is an endo-β-glucuronidase that is best known for its pro-cancerous effects but is also implicated in the pathogenesis of various viruses. Activation of heparanase is a common strategy to increase viral spread and trigger the subsequent inflammatory cascade. Using a Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP)-associated approach we identified enhancer and insulator regions that regulate HPSE expression. Although a role for heparanase in viral infection has been noticed, the impact of HPSE functional SNPs has not been determined. We investigated the effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus on the involvement of HPSE enhancer and insulator functional SNPs in the risk of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor related CD34+ mobilization. A significant correlation between the C alleles of insulator rs4364254 and rs4426765 and CMV seropositivity was found in healthy donors and patients with hematological malignancies. The risk of developing acute GVHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was identified only in CMV-seropositive patients. A significant correlation between the enhancer rs4693608 and insulator rs28649799 and CD34+ cell mobilization was demonstrated in the CMV-seropositive donors. It is thus conceivable that latent CMV infection modulates heparanase regulatory regions and enhances the effect of functional SNPs on heparanase function in normal and pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ostrovsky
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (K.B.); (Y.M.); (N.B.); (A.S.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-5305770
| | - Katia Beider
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (K.B.); (Y.M.); (N.B.); (A.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Yan Morgulis
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (K.B.); (Y.M.); (N.B.); (A.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Nira Bloom
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (K.B.); (Y.M.); (N.B.); (A.S.); (A.N.)
| | | | - Avichai Shimoni
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (K.B.); (Y.M.); (N.B.); (A.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525433, Israel;
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (K.B.); (Y.M.); (N.B.); (A.S.); (A.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Doorbar J, Zheng K, Aiyenuro A, Yin W, Walker CM, Chen Y, Egawa N, Griffin HM. Principles of epithelial homeostasis control during persistent human papillomavirus infection and its deregulation at the cervical transformation zone. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:96-105. [PMID: 34628359 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses establish a reservoir of infection in the epithelial basal layer. To do this they limit their gene expression to avoid immune detection and modulate epithelial homeostasis pathways to inhibit the timing of basal cell delamination and differentiation to favour persistence. For low-risk Alpha papillomaviruses, which cause benign self-limiting disease in immunocompetent individuals, it appears that cell competition at the lesion edge restricts expansion. These lesions may be considered as self-regulating homeostatic structures, with epithelial cells of the hair follicles and sweat glands, which are proposed targets of the Beta and Mu papillomaviruses, showing similar restrictions to their expansion across the epithelium as a whole. In the absence of immune control, which facilitates deregulated viral gene expression, such lesions can expand, leading to problematic papillomatosis in afflicted individuals. By contrast, he high-risk Alpha HPV types can undergo deregulated viral gene expression in immunocompetent hosts at a number of body sites, including the cervical transformation zone (TZ) where they can drive the formation of neoplasia. Homeostasis at the TZ is poorly understood, but involves two adjacent epithelial cell population, one of which has the potential to stratify and to produce a multilayed squamous epithelium. This process of metaplasia involves a specialised cell type known as the reserve cell, which has for several decades been considered as the cell of origin of cervical cancer. It is becoming clear that during evolution, HPV gene products have acquired functions directly linked to their requirements to modify the normal processes of epithelial homestasis at their various sites of infection. These protein functions are beginning to provide new insight into homeostasis regulation at different body sites, and are likely to be central to our understanding of HPV epithelial tropisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom.
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Ademola Aiyenuro
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline M Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Nagayasu Egawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M Griffin
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ozbun MA, Campos SK. The long and winding road: human papillomavirus entry and subcellular trafficking. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 50:76-86. [PMID: 34416595 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect and replicate in differentiating mucosal and cutaneous epithelium. Most HPV infections are asymptomatic or cause transient benign neoplasia. However, persistent infections by oncogenic HPV types can progress to cancer. During infectious entry into host keratinocytes, HPV particles interact with many host proteins, beginning with major capsid protein L1 binding to cellular heparan sulfate and a series of enzymatic capsid modifications that promote infectious cellular entry. After utilizing the endosomal pathway to uncoat the viral genome (vDNA), the minor capsid protein L2/vDNA complex is retrograde trafficked to the Golgi, and thereafter, to the nucleus where viral transcription initiates. Post-Golgi trafficking is dependent on mitosis, with L2-dependent tethering of vDNA to mitotic chromosomes before accumulation at nuclear substructures in G1. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the HPV entry pathway, the role of cellular proteins in this process, and notes many gaps in our understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Ozbun
- Departments of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Samuel K Campos
- Departments of Immunobiology, Molecular & Cellular Biology, and the Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Causes and Consequences of HPV Integration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164089. [PMID: 34439243 PMCID: PMC8394665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A constantly increasing incidence in high-risk Human Papillomaviruses (HPV)s driven head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC)s, especially of oropharyngeal origin, is being observed. During persistent infections, viral DNA integration into the host genome may occur. Studies are examining if the physical status of the virus (episomal vs. integration) affects carcinogenesis and eventually has further-reaching consequences on disease progression and outcome. Here, we review the literature of the most recent five years focusing on the impact of HPV integration in HNSCCs, covering aspects of detection techniques used (from PCR up to NGS approaches), integration loci identified, and associations with genomic and clinical data. The consequences of HPV integration in the human genome, including the methylation status and deregulation of genes involved in cell signaling pathways, immune evasion, and response to therapy, are also summarized.
Collapse
|
14
|
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Infection and Treatment: A Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126574. [PMID: 34207476 PMCID: PMC8235362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) encompass a group of glycoproteins composed of unbranched negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) chains covalently attached to a core protein. The complex HSPG biosynthetic machinery generates an extraordinary structural variety of HS chains that enable them to bind a plethora of ligands, including growth factors, morphogens, cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, matrix proteins, and bacterial and viral pathogens. These interactions translate into key regulatory activity of HSPGs on a wide range of cellular processes such as receptor activation and signaling, cytoskeleton assembly, extracellular matrix remodeling, endocytosis, cell-cell crosstalk, and others. Due to their ubiquitous expression within tissues and their large functional repertoire, HSPGs are involved in many physiopathological processes; thus, they have emerged as valuable targets for the therapy of many human diseases. Among their functions, HSPGs assist many viruses in invading host cells at various steps of their life cycle. Viruses utilize HSPGs for the attachment to the host cell, internalization, intracellular trafficking, egress, and spread. Recently, HSPG involvement in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been established. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying HSPG/SARS-CoV-2 interaction and downstream effects, and we provide an overview of the HSPG-based therapeutic strategies that could be used to combat such a fearsome virus.
Collapse
|
15
|
Carse S, Bergant M, Schäfer G. Advances in Targeting HPV Infection as Potential Alternative Prophylactic Means. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2201. [PMID: 33672181 PMCID: PMC7926419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. The majority of cervical cancer cases occur in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC). Concurrent infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) further increases the risk of HPV infection and exacerbates disease onset and progression. Highly effective prophylactic vaccines do exist to combat HPV infection with the most common oncogenic types, but the accessibility to these in LMIC is severely limited due to cost, difficulties in accessing the target population, cultural issues, and maintenance of a cold chain. Alternative preventive measures against HPV infection that are more accessible and affordable are therefore also needed to control cervical cancer risk. There are several efforts in identifying such alternative prophylactics which target key molecules involved in early HPV infection events. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the initial steps in HPV infection, from host cell-surface engagement to cellular trafficking of the viral genome before arrival in the nucleus. The key molecules that can be potentially targeted are highlighted, and a discussion on their applicability as alternative preventive means against HPV infection, with a focus on LMIC, is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Carse
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa;
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Martina Bergant
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia;
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa;
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Egawa N, Shiraz A, Crawford R, Saunders-Wood T, Yarwood J, Rogers M, Sharma A, Eichenbaum G, Doorbar J. Dynamics of papillomavirus in vivo disease formation & susceptibility to high-level disinfection-Implications for transmission in clinical settings. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103177. [PMID: 33421945 PMCID: PMC7806788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-level disinfection protects tens-of-millions of patients from the transmission of viruses on reusable medical devices. The efficacy of high-level disinfectants for preventing human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission has been called into question by recent publications, which if true, would have significant public health implications. METHODS Evaluation of the clinical relevance of these published findings required the development of novel methods to quantify and compare: (i) Infectious titres of lab-produced, clinically-sourced, and animal-derived papillomaviruses, (ii) The papillomavirus dose responses in the newly developed in vitro and in vivo models, and the kinetics of in vivo disease formation, and (iii) The efficacy of high-level disinfectants in inactivating papillomaviruses in these systems. FINDINGS Clinical virus titres obtained from cervical lesions were comparable to those obtained from tissue (raft-culture) and in vivo models. A mouse tail infection model showed a clear dose-response for disease formation, that papillomaviruses remain stable and infective on fomite surfaces for at least 8 weeks without squames and up to a year with squames, and that there is a 10-fold drop in virus titre with transfer from a fomite surface to a new infection site. Disinfectants such as ortho-phthalaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide, but not ethanol, were highly effective at inactivating multiple HPV types in vitro and in vivo. INTERPRETATION Together with comparable results presented in a companion manuscript from an independent laboratory, this work demonstrates that high-level disinfectants inactivate HPV and highlights the need for standardized and well-controlled methods to assess HPV transmission and disinfection. FUNDING Advanced Sterilization Products, UK-MRC (MR/S024409/1 and MC-PC-13050) and Addenbrookes Charitable Trust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagayasu Egawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Aslam Shiraz
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Robin Crawford
- Department of Gynae-Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Taylor Saunders-Wood
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Jeremy Yarwood
- Advanced Sterilization Products, Inc., 33 Technology Drive, Irvine, CA 926184, USA
| | - Marc Rogers
- Advanced Sterilization Products, Inc., 33 Technology Drive, Irvine, CA 926184, USA
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Advanced Sterilization Products, Inc., 33 Technology Drive, Irvine, CA 926184, USA
| | - Gary Eichenbaum
- Johnson & Johnson, Office of the Chief Medical Officer, 410 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Skeate JG, Segerink WH, Garcia MD, Fernandez DJ, Prins R, Lühen KP, Voss FO, Da Silva DM, Kast WM. Theta-Defensins Inhibit High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Through Charge-Driven Capsid Clustering. Front Immunol 2020; 11:561843. [PMID: 33154746 PMCID: PMC7586039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes results in a large number of anogenital and head and neck cancers worldwide. Although prophylactic vaccination coverage has improved, there remains a need to develop methods that inhibit viral transmission toward preventing the spread of HPV-driven disease. Defensins are a class of innate immune effector peptides that function to protect hosts from infection by pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. Previous work utilizing α and β defensins from humans has demonstrated that the α-defensin HD5 is effective at inhibiting the most common high-risk genotype, HPV16. A third class of defensin that has yet to be explored are θ-defensins: small, 18-amino acid cyclic peptides found in old-world monkeys whose unique structure makes them both highly cationic and resistant to degradation. Here we show that the prototype θ-defensin, rhesus theta defensin 1, inhibits hrHPV infection through a mechanism involving capsid clustering that inhibits virions from binding to cell surface receptor complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wouter H Segerink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mauricio D Garcia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ruben Prins
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kim P Lühen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Féline O Voss
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Diane M Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - W Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Optimization of human papillomavirus-based pseudovirus techniques for efficient gene transfer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15517. [PMID: 32968082 PMCID: PMC7511366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 and L2 capsid proteins self-assemble into virions capable of efficiently packaging either its 8 kilobase genome or non-viral DNA. The ability of HPV capsids to package non-viral DNA makes these a useful tool for delivering plasmids to study proteins of interest in a variety of cell types. We describe optimization of current methods and present new protocols for using HPV capsids to deliver non-viral DNA thereby providing an alternative to DNA transfection. Using keratinocyte generated extracellular matrices can enhance infection efficiency in keratinocytes, hepatocytes and neuronal cells. Furthermore, we describe a suspension-based efficient technique for infecting different cell types.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mikuličić S, Fritzen A, Scheffer K, Strunk J, Cabañas C, Sperrhacke M, Reiss K, Florin L. Tetraspanin CD9 affects HPV16 infection by modulating ADAM17 activity and the ERK signalling pathway. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:461-471. [PMID: 32385608 PMCID: PMC7206579 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are causative agents of various tumours such as cervical cancer. HPV binding to the cell surface of keratinocytes leads to virus endocytosis at tetraspanin enriched microdomains. Complex interactions of the capsid proteins with host proteins as well as ADAM17-dependent ERK1/2 signal transduction enable the entry platform assembly of the oncogenic HPV type 16. Here, we studied the importance of tetraspanin CD9, also known as TSPAN29, in HPV16 infection of different epithelial cells. We found that both overexpression and loss of the tetraspanin decreased infection rates in cells with low endogenous CD9 levels, while reduction of CD9 expression in keratinocytes that exhibit high-CD9 protein amounts, led to an increase of infection. Therefore, we concluded that low-CD9 supports infection. Moreover, we found that changes in CD9 amounts affect the shedding of the ADAM17 substrate transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) and the downstream phosphorylation of ERK. These effects correlate with those on infection rates suggesting that a specific CD9 optimum promotes ADAM17 activity, ERK signalling and virus infection. Together, our findings implicate that CD9 regulates HPV16 infection through the modulation of ADAM17 sheddase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Mikuličić
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Fritzen
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstanze Scheffer
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Strunk
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology (IOO), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sperrhacke
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 9, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Reiss
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 9, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Finke J, Mikuličić S, Loster AL, Gawlitza A, Florin L, Lang T. Anatomy of a viral entry platform differentially functionalized by integrins α3 and α6. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5356. [PMID: 32210347 PMCID: PMC7093462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell invasion, human papillomaviruses use large CD151 patches on the cell surface. Here, we studied whether these patches are defined architectures with features for virus binding and/or internalization. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that the patches are assemblies of closely associated nanoclusters of CD151, integrin α3 and integrin α6. Integrin α6 is required for virus attachment and integrin α3 for endocytosis. We propose that CD151 organizes viral entry platforms with different types of integrin clusters for different functionalities. Since numerous viruses use tetraspanin patches, we speculate that this building principle is a blueprint for cell-surface architectures utilized by viral particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Finke
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Snježana Mikuličić
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Loster
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Gawlitza
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Digesu GA, Vieira‐Baptista P, Tailor V, Stockdale C, Preti M. Response letter to comments related to “The clinical role of LASER for vulvar and vaginal treatments in gynecology and female urology: An ICS/ISSVD best practice consensus document”. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:473-476. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.24229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Vieira‐Baptista
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Lusíadas Porto Porto Portugal
- Lower Genital Tract Unit Centro Hospitalar de São João Porto Portugal
| | - Visha Tailor
- Department of Urogynaecology Imperial College Healthcare London UK
| | - Colleen Stockdale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| | - Mario Preti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Torino Torino Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu X, Chen J, Wang Z, Wang D, He M, Qian C, Song S, Chi X, Kong Z, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Yu H, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Li S, Gu Y, Xia N. Neutralization sites of human papillomavirus-6 relate to virus attachment and entry phase in viral infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1721-1733. [PMID: 31769733 PMCID: PMC6883418 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1694396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV6) is the major etiologic agent of genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Although the commercial HPV vaccines cover HPV6, the neutralization sites and mode for HPV6 are poorly understood. Here, we identify the HPV6 neutralization sites and discriminate the inhibition of virus attachment and entry by three potent neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), 5D3, 17D5, and 15F7. Mutagenesis assays showed that these nAbs predominantly target surface loops BC, DE, and FG of HPV6 L1. Cryo-EM structures of the HPV6 pseudovirus (PsV) and its immune complexes revealed three distinct binding modalities - full-occupation-bound to capsid, top-center-bound-, and top-rim-bound to pentamers - and illustrated a structural atlas for three classes of antibody-bound footprints that are located at center-distal ring, center, and center-proximal ring of pentamer surface for 5D3, 17D5, and 15F7, respectively. Two modes of neutralization were identified: mAb 5D3 and 17D5 block HPV PsV from attaching to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cell surface, whereas 15F7 allows PsV attachment but prohibits PsV from entering the cell. These findings highlight three neutralization sites of HPV6 L1 and outline two antibody-mediated neutralization mechanisms against HPV6, which will be relevant for HPV virology and antiviral inhibitor design. HighlightsMajor neutralization sites of HPV6 were mapped on the pseudovirus cryo-EM structuremAb 15F7 binds HPV6 capsid with a novel top-rim binding modality and confers a post-attachment neutralizationmAb 17D5 binds capsid in top-centre manner but unexpectedly prevents virus from attachment to cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Daning Wang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Maozhou He
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ciying Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chi
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Kong
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbing Zheng
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Yu
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li S, Bronnimann MP, Williams SJ, Campos SK. Glutathione contributes to efficient post-Golgi trafficking of incoming HPV16 genome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225496. [PMID: 31743367 PMCID: PMC6863556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted pathogen in the United States, causing 99% of cervical cancers and 5% of all human cancers worldwide. HPV infection requires transport of the viral genome (vDNA) into the nucleus of basal keratinocytes. During this process, minor capsid protein L2 facilitates subcellular retrograde trafficking of the vDNA from endosomes to the Golgi, and accumulation at host chromosomes during mitosis for nuclear retention and localization during interphase. Here we investigated the relationship between cellular glutathione (GSH) and HPV16 infection. siRNA knockdown of GSH biosynthetic enzymes results in a partial decrease of HPV16 infection. Likewise, infection of HPV16 in GSH depleted keratinocytes is inefficient, an effect that was not seen with adenoviral vectors. Analysis of trafficking revealed no defects in cellular binding, entry, furin cleavage of L2, or retrograde trafficking of HPV16, but GSH depletion hindered post-Golgi trafficking and translocation, decreasing nuclear accumulation of vDNA. Although precise mechanisms have yet to be defined, this work suggests that GSH is required for a specific post-Golgi trafficking step in HPV16 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaizhi Li
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Bronnimann
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Samuel K. Campos
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Progress in eliminating HPV-associated disease. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2019; 8:100180. [PMID: 31425856 PMCID: PMC6739488 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Mikuličić S, Finke J, Boukhallouk F, Wüstenhagen E, Sons D, Homsi Y, Reiss K, Lang T, Florin L. ADAM17-dependent signaling is required for oncogenic human papillomavirus entry platform assembly. eLife 2019; 8:44345. [PMID: 31107240 PMCID: PMC6557631 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small DNA viruses that infect keratinocytes. After HPV binding to cell surface receptors, a cascade of molecular interactions mediates the infectious cellular internalization of virus particles. Aside from the virus itself, important molecular players involved in virus entry include the tetraspanin CD151 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). To date, it is unknown how these components are coordinated in space and time. Here, we studied plasma membrane dynamics of CD151 and EGFR and the HPV16 capsid during the early phase of infection. We find that the proteinase ADAM17 activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) pathway by the shedding of growth factors which triggers the formation of an endocytic entry platform. Infectious endocytic entry platforms carrying virus particles consist of two-fold larger CD151 domains containing the EGFR. Our finding clearly dissects initial virus binding from ADAM17-dependent assembly of a HPV/CD151/EGFR entry platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Mikuličić
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jérôme Finke
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fatima Boukhallouk
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Wüstenhagen
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Sons
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yahya Homsi
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karina Reiss
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|