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Yu Y, Jia H, Zhang T, Zhang W. Advances in DNA damage response inhibitors in colorectal cancer therapy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:15-22. [PMID: 38115743 PMCID: PMC10875349 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One potential cause of cancer is genomic instability that arises in normal cells due to years of DNA damage in the body. The clinical application of radiotherapy and cytotoxic drugs to treat cancer is based on the principle of damaging the DNA of cancer cells. However, the benefits of these treatments also have negative effects on normal tissue. While there have been notable advancements in molecular-driven therapy and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), a considerable portion of patients with advanced CRC do not experience any benefits from these treatments, leading to a poor prognosis. In recent years, targeted therapy aimed at suppressing the DNA damage response (DDR) in cancer cells has emerged as a potential treatment option for CRC patients, offering them more choices for treatment. Currently, the integration of DDR and clinical intervention remains in the exploratory phase. This review primarily elucidates the fundamental principles of DDR inhibitors, provides an overview of their current clinical application status in CRC, and discusses the advancements as well as limitations observed in relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- />Department of Colorectal Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Hang Jia
- />Department of Colorectal Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Tianshuai Zhang
- />Department of Colorectal Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Wei Zhang
- />Department of Colorectal Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
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2
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Fu X, Li P, Zhou Q, He R, Wang G, Zhu S, Bagheri A, Kupfer G, Pei H, Li J. Mechanism of PARP inhibitor resistance and potential overcoming strategies. Genes Dis 2024; 11:306-320. [PMID: 37588193 PMCID: PMC10425807 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are a kind of cancer therapy that targets poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. PARPi is the first clinically approved drug to exert synthetic lethality by obstructing the DNA single-strand break repair process. Despite the significant therapeutic effect in patients with homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiency, innate and acquired resistance to PARPi is a main challenge in the clinic. In this review, we mainly discussed the underlying mechanisms of PARPi resistance and summarized the promising solutions to overcome PARPi resistance, aiming at extending PARPi application and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Ping Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shiya Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Amir Bagheri
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Gary Kupfer
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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3
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Navran A, Al-Mamgani A, Elzinga H, Kessels R, Vens C, Tesselaar M, van den Brekel M, de Haan R, van Triest B, Verheij M. Phase I feasibility study of Olaparib in combination with loco-regional radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 44:100698. [PMID: 38021094 PMCID: PMC10654000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose PARP-inhibitors have potent radiosensitizing properties in pre-clinical models. To identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the PARP-inhibitor Olaparib in combination with radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer, a single institutional phase-I dose escalation trial was initiated. Patients and methods The starting dose of Olaparib was 25 mg BID, combined with radiotherapy (70 Gy in 35 fractions). The MTD was defined as the highest dose-level at which not more than 20 % of patients experience dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) or as the highest reached dose in the absence of DLT's. Results One week Olaparib-only treatment (25 mg QD) was administered to all patients prior to the start of radiotherapy. In dose-level I, Olaparib (25 mg BID) was combined with accelerated radiotherapy (70 Gy in 6 weeks). Because of DLT's in 3 of the 4 treated patients (acute tracheotomy 5 and 7 months and osteoradionecrosis 7 months after treatment), the Olaparib dose was de-escalated to 25 mg QD, and combined with conventional radiotherapy (70 Gy in 7 weeks) (dose-level II). There were no DLT's observed in 5 patients treated within dose-level II. After a median follow-up of 60 months, the 4-year LRC and OS rates were 77.8 % and 88.9 %, respectively. Conclusion Olaparib 25 mg QD combined with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy was well tolerated and identified as the MTD while severe DLT's were observed when Olaparib 25 mg BID was combined with accelerated radiation. This combination might be further explored in future Olaparib dose escalation studies in patients with locally-advanced HNSCC unfit for cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Navran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abrahim Al-Mamgani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Elzinga
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Kessels
- Department of Biomerics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margot Tesselaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute and Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie de Haan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Baukelien van Triest
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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4
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Frey B, Borgmann K, Jost T, Greve B, Oertel M, Micke O, Eckert F. DNA as the main target in radiotherapy-a historical overview from first isolation to anti-tumour immune response. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1080-1090. [PMID: 37620671 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is one of the foremost mechanisms of irradiation at the biological level. After the first isolation of DNA by Friedrich Miescher in the 19th century, the structure of DNA was described by Watson and Crick. Several Nobel Prizes have been awarded for DNA-related discoveries. This review aims to describe the historical perspective of DNA in radiation biology. Over the decades, DNA damage has been identified and quantified after irradiation. Depending on the type of sensing, different proteins are involved in sensing DNA damage and repairing the damage, if possible. For double-strand breaks, the main repair mechanisms are non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination. Additional mechanisms are the Fanconi anaemia pathway and base excision repair. Different methods have been developed for the detection of DNA double-strand breaks. Several drugs have been developed that interfere with different DNA repair mechanisms, e.g., PARP inhibitors. These drugs have been established in the standard treatment of different tumour entities and are being applied in several clinical trials in combination with radiotherapy. Over the past decades, it has become apparent that DNA damage mechanisms are also directly linked to the immune response in tumours. For example, cytosolic DNA fragments activate the innate immune system via the cGAS STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tina Jost
- Translational Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Oertel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Oliver Micke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld, Kiskerst. 26, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, AKH, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yusoh NA, Tiley PR, James SD, Harun SN, Thomas JA, Saad N, Hii LW, Chia SL, Gill MR, Ahmad H. Discovery of Ruthenium(II) Metallocompound and Olaparib Synergy for Cancer Combination Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6922-6937. [PMID: 37185020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic drug combinations can extend the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) such as Olaparib to BRCA-proficient tumors and overcome acquired or de novo drug resistance. To identify new synergistic combinations for PARPi, we screened a "micro-library" comprising a mix of commercially available drugs and DNA-binding ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (RPCs) for Olaparib synergy in BRCA-proficient triple-negative breast cancer cells. This identified three hits: the natural product Curcumin and two ruthenium(II)-rhenium(I) polypyridyl metallomacrocycles. All combinations identified were effective in BRCA-proficient breast cancer cells, including an Olaparib-resistant cell line, and spheroid models. Mechanistic studies indicated that synergy was achieved via DNA-damage enhancement and resultant apoptosis. Combinations showed low cytotoxicity toward non-malignant breast epithelial cells and low acute and developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. This work identifies RPC metallomacrocycles as a novel class of agents for cancer combination therapy and provides a proof of concept for the inclusion of metallocompounds within drug synergy screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aininie Yusoh
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paul R Tiley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Steffan D James
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Siti Norain Harun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jim A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Norazalina Saad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Martin R Gill
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Haslina Ahmad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Delbart W, Karabet J, Marin G, Penninckx S, Derrien J, Ghanem GE, Flamen P, Wimana Z. Understanding the Radiobiological Mechanisms Induced by 177Lu-DOTATATE in Comparison to External Beam Radiation Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012369. [PMID: 36293222 PMCID: PMC9604190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radionuclide Therapy (RNT) with 177Lu-DOTATATE targeting somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in neuroendocrine tumours (NET) has been successfully used in routine clinical practice, mainly leading to stable disease. Radiobiology holds promise for RNT improvement but is often extrapolated from external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) studies despite differences in these two radiation-based treatment modalities. In a panel of six human cancer cell lines expressing SSTRs, common radiobiological endpoints (i.e., cell survival, cell cycle, cell death, oxidative stress and DNA damage) were evaluated over time in 177Lu-DOTATATE- and EBRT-treated cells, as well as the radiosensitizing potential of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition (PARPi). Our study showed that common radiobiological mechanisms were induced by both 177Lu-DOTATATE and EBRT, but to a different extent and/or with variable kinetics, including in the DNA damage response. A higher radiosensitizing potential of PARPi was observed for EBRT compared to 177Lu-DOTATATE. Our data reinforce the need for dedicated RNT radiobiology studies, in order to derive its maximum therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Delbart
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-541-30-05
| | - Jirair Karabet
- Medical Physics Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwennaëlle Marin
- Medical Physics Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Penninckx
- Medical Physics Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Derrien
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et Des Radiations, Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles (ISIB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- NEMP Applied Research Lab, Institut de Recherche de l’Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles (IRISIB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ghanem E. Ghanem
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flamen
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zéna Wimana
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Zhou R, Zhao D, Beeraka NM, Wang X, Lu P, Song R, Chen K, Liu J. Novel Implications of Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy: Z-Effect and Tumor Hypoxia. Metabolites 2022; 12:943. [PMID: 36295845 PMCID: PMC9612299 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and internal radioisotope therapy (brachytherapy) induce tumor cell death through different molecular signaling pathways. However, these therapies in cancer patients are constrained by dose-related adverse effects and local discomfort due to the prolonged exposure to the surrounding tissues. Technological advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in synthesis of high atomic elements such as nanomaterials, which can be used as radiosensitizers due to their photoelectric characteristics. The aim of this review is to elucidate the effects of novel nanomaterials in the field of radiation oncology to ameliorate dose-related toxicity through the application of ideal nanoparticle-based radiosensitizers such as Au (gold), Bi (bismuth), and Lu (Lutetium-177) for enhancing cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy via the high-Z effect. In addition, we discuss the role of nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy in alleviating tumor hypoxia through the nanodelivery of genes/drugs and other functional anticancer molecules. The implications of engineered nanoparticles in preclinical and clinical studies still need to be studied in order to explore potential mechanisms for radiosensitization by minimizing tumor hypoxia, operational/logistic complications and by overcoming tumor heterogeneity in radiotherapy/brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570015, India
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Pengwei Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ruixia Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kuo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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8
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Sutera P, Deek MP, Van der Eecken K, Wyatt AW, Kishan AU, Molitoris JK, Ferris MJ, Minhaj Siddiqui M, Rana Z, Mishra MV, Kwok Y, Davicioni E, Spratt DE, Ost P, Feng FY, Tran PT. Genomic biomarkers to guide precision radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82 Suppl 1:S73-S85. [PMID: 35657158 PMCID: PMC9202472 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our ability to prognosticate the clinical course of patients with cancer has historically been limited to clinical, histopathological, and radiographic features. It has long been clear however, that these data alone do not adequately capture the heterogeneity and breadth of disease trajectories experienced by patients. The advent of efficient genomic sequencing has led to a revolution in cancer care as we try to understand and personalize treatment specific to patient clinico-genomic phenotypes. Within prostate cancer, emerging evidence suggests that tumor genomics (e.g., DNA, RNA, and epigenetics) can be utilized to inform clinical decision making. In addition to providing discriminatory information about prognosis, it is likely tumor genomics also hold a key in predicting response to oncologic therapies which could be used to further tailor treatment recommendations. Herein we review select literature surrounding the use of tumor genomics within the management of prostate cancer, specifically leaning toward analytically validated and clinically tested genomic biomarkers utilized in radiotherapy and/or adjunctive therapies given with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sutera
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P. Deek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kim Van der Eecken
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander W. Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amar U. Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason K. Molitoris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J. Ferris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M. Minhaj Siddiqui
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaker Rana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark V. Mishra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Young Kwok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel E. Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Network, Antwerp, Belgium and Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medicine and Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phuoc T. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Dixit A, Jose GP, Shanbhag C, Tagad N, Kalia J. Metabolic Labeling-Based Chemoproteomics Establishes Choline Metabolites as Protein Function Modulators. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2272-2283. [PMID: 35802552 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient for mammalian cells. Our understanding of the cellular functions of choline and its metabolites, independent of their roles as choline lipid metabolism intermediates, remains limited. In addition to fundamental cellular physiology, this knowledge has implications for cancer biology because elevated choline metabolite levels are a hallmark of cancer. Here, we establish a mammalian choline metabolite-interacting proteome by utilizing a photocrosslinkable choline probe. To design this probe, we performed metabolic labeling experiments with structurally diverse choline analogues that resulted in the serendipitous discovery of a choline lipid headgroup remodeling mechanism involving sequential dealkylation and methylation steps. We demonstrate that phosphocholine inhibits the binding of one of the proteins identified, the attractive anticancer target p32, to its endogenous ligands and to the promising p32-targeting anticancer agent, Lyp-1. Our results reveal that choline metabolites play vital roles in cellular physiology by serving as modulators of protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gregor P Jose
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chitra Shanbhag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Tagad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jeet Kalia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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10
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Qin C, Ji Z, Zhai E, Xu K, Zhang Y, Li Q, Jing H, Wang X, Song X. PARP inhibitor olaparib enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy on XRCC2-deficient colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:505. [PMID: 35643812 PMCID: PMC9148313 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of PARP inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy is a promising strategy to locally enhance DNA damage in tumors. Loss of XRCC2 compromises DNA damage repairs, and induced DNA damage burdens may increase the reliance on PARP-dependent DNA repairs of cancer cells to render cell susceptibility to PARP inhibitor therapy. Here we tested the hypothesis that XRCC2 loss sensitizes colorectal cancer (CRC) to PARP inhibitor in combination with radiotherapy (RT). We show that high levels of XRCC2 or PARP1 in LARC patients were significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS). Co-expression analyses found that low levels of PARP1 and XRCC2 were associated with better OS. Our in vitro experiments indicated that olaparib+IR led to reduced clonogenic survival, more DNA damage, and longer durations of cell cycle arrest and senescence in XRCC2-deficient cells relative to wild-type cells. Furthermore, our mouse xenograft experiments indicated that RT + olaparib had greater anti-tumor effects and led to long-term remission in mice with XRCC2-deficient tumors. These findings suggest that XRCC2-deficient CRC acquires high sensitivity to PARP inhibition after IR treatment and supports the clinical development for the use of olaparib as a radiosensitizer for treatment of XRCC2-deficient CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Qin
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhiyu Ji
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ertao Zhai
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiwu Xu
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Hennan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Quanying Li
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hong Jing
- Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital of Hennan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinming Song
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Malenge MM, Maaland AF, Repetto-Llamazares A, Middleton B, Nijland M, Visser L, Patzke S, Heyerdahl H, Kolstad A, Stokke T, Ree AH, Dahle J. Anti-CD37 radioimmunotherapy with 177Lu-NNV003 synergizes with the PARP inhibitor olaparib in treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in vitro. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267543. [PMID: 35486574 PMCID: PMC9053826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose
PARP inhibitors have been shown to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy in preclinical models. Radioimmunotherapy results in selective radiation cytotoxicity of targeted tumour cells. Here we investigate the combined effect of anti-CD37 β-emitting 177Lu-NNV003 radioimmunotherapy and the PARP inhibitor olaparib, and gene expression profiles in CD37 positive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cell lines.
Materials and methods
The combined effect of 177Lu-NNV003 and olaparib was studied in seven cell lines using a fixed-ratio ray design, and combination index was calculated for each combination concentration. mRNA was extracted before and after treatment with the drug combination. After RNA-sequencing, hierarchical clustering was performed on basal gene expression profiles and on differentially expressed genes after combination treatment from baseline. Functional gene annotation analysis of significant differentially expressed genes after combination treatment was performed to identify enriched biological processes.
Results
The combination of olaparib and 177Lu-NNV003 was synergistic in four of seven cell lines, antagonistic in one and both synergistic and antagonistic (conditionally synergistic) in two, depending on the concentration ratio between olaparib and 177Lu-NNV003. Cells treated with the combination significantly overexpressed genes in the TP53 signalling pathway. However, cluster analysis did not identify gene clusters that correlate with the sensitivity of cells to single agent or combination treatment.
Conclusion
The cytotoxic effect of the combination of the PARP inhibitor olaparib and the β-emitting radioimmunoconjugate 177Lu-NNV003 was synergistic in the majority of tested lymphoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M. Malenge
- Nordic Nanovector ASA, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astri Fjelde Maaland
- Nordic Nanovector ASA, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Marcel Nijland
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Patzke
- Nordic Nanovector ASA, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Arne Kolstad
- Department of Oncology, Innlandet Sykehus, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Trond Stokke
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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12
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Buchsbaum JC, Espey MG, Obcemea C, Capala J, Ahmed M, Prasanna PG, Vikram B, Hong JA, Teicher B, Aryankalayil MJ, Bylicky MA, Coleman CN. Tumor Heterogeneity Research and Innovation in Biologically Based Radiation Therapy From the National Cancer Institute Radiation Research Program Portfolio. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1861-1869. [PMID: 35245101 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Han C, Zhong J, Zhang Q, Hu J, Liu R, Liu H, Mo Z, Chen P, Ling F. Development of a dynamic network biomarkers method and its application for detecting the tipping point of prior disease development. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1189-1197. [PMID: 35317238 PMCID: PMC8907966 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic network biomarker (DNB) method has advanced since it was first proposed. This review discusses advances in the DNB method that can identify the dynamic change in the expression signature related to the critical time point of disease progression by utilizing different kinds of transcriptome data. The DNB method is good at identifying potential biomarkers for cancer and other disease development processes that are represented by a limited molecular profile change between the normal and critical stages. We highlight that the cancer tipping point or premalignant state has been widely discovered for different types of cancer by using the DNB method that utilizes bulk or single-cell RNA sequencing data. This method could also be applied to other dynamic research studies and help identify early warning signals, such as the prediction of a pre-outbreak of COVID-19. We also discuss how the identification of reliable biomarkers of cancer and the development of new methods can be utilized for early detection and intervention and provide insights into emerging paths of the widespread biomarker candidate pool for further validation and disease/health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyin Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhong
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huisheng Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zongchao Mo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Chen
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Ling
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Derby SJ, Chalmers AJ, Carruthers RD. Radiotherapy-Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Combinations: Progress to Date. Semin Radiat Oncol 2022; 32:15-28. [PMID: 34861992 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiation resistance remains a huge clinical problem for cancer patients and oncologists in the 21st century. In recent years, the mammalian DNA damage response (DDR) has been extensively characterized and shown to play a key role in determining cellular survival following ionizing radiation exposure. Genomic instability due to altered DDR is a hallmark of cancer, with many tumors exhibiting abnormal DNA repair or lack of redundancy in DDR. Targeting the abnormal DDR phenotype of tumor cells could lead to substantial gains in radiotherapy efficacy, improving local control and survival for patients with cancers that are refractory to current therapies. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are the most clinically advanced DDR inhibitors under investigation as radiosensitisers. Preclinical evidence suggests that PARPi may provide tumor specific radiosensitisation in certain contexts. In addition to inhibition of DNA single strand break repair, PARPi may offer other benefits in combination treatment including radiosensitisation of hypoxic cells and targeting of alternative repair pathways such as microhomology mediated end joining which are increasingly recognized to be upregulated in cancer. Several early phase clinical trials of PARPi with radiation have completed or are in progress. Early reports have highlighted tumor specific challenges, with tolerability dependent upon anatomical location and use of concomitant systemic therapies; these challenges were largely predicted by preclinical data. This review discusses the role of PARP in the cellular response to ionizing radiation, summarizes preclinical studies of PARPi in combination with radiotherapy and explores current early phase clinical trials that are evaluating these combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Derby
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Ross D Carruthers
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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15
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van Aken ES, van der Linden YM, van Thienen JV, de Langen AJ, Marijnen CA, de Jong MC. Hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy or immunotherapy: Dutch survey on current practice, knowledge and challenges. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 33:93-98. [PMID: 35243019 PMCID: PMC8885401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy referral during targeted therapy or immunotherapy occurs regularly. There is a knowledge gap regarding the implications of combined therapy. There is no consensus on expected toxicity of combined therapy. Multidisciplinary protocols regarding combined therapy are often not available. The application of radiotherapy treatment adaptations varies widely when combined with different systemic treatments.
Introduction With the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and systemic antibodies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, the survival of advanced-stage cancer patients has improved for many tumor types. These patients are increasingly referred for radiotherapy, but it is unclear whether radiotherapy combined with these drugs is safe. No international guidelines exist on whether or how to combine these drugs with radiotherapy. Therefore, we investigated the current clinical practice in the Netherlands regarding hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients using targeted drugs and immunotherapy. Materials and methods We sent a survey to all 21 Dutch radiotherapy institutes. Dedicated radiation oncologists, medical oncologists and pulmonologists were asked to fill out the survey. The questions explored their familiarity with the combination of targeted drugs and immunotherapy with radiotherapy, the encountered clinical difficulties and factors influencing treatment decisions. Results The survey was filled out by 54 respondents from 19 different institutes. The median annual number of patients per radiation oncologist referred for radiotherapy when using targeted drugs or immunotherapy was 10 and 15, respectively. Despite this high number, only 11% of the radiation oncologists stated that they had sufficient information (resources) for adequate treatment decision making. Among all physicians, 44% stated that there was insufficient knowledge within their institute regarding this topic. Only 17% stated that there was a multidisciplinary protocol available. The application of radiotherapy treatment adaptations (technique, dose, fractionation, field size) varied widely. Generally, there seemed to be no consensus regarding the expected toxicity of combined drug-radiotherapy treatments and the expected risk of tumor flare upon temporary drug discontinuation. Conclusion There is no consensus amongst involved medical specialties on expected toxicity. Consequently, it is necessary to perform clinical studies examining the safety of combined drug-radiotherapy treatments, to add radiotherapy to phase I-III clinical trials for new drugs and to incorporate outcomes into multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert S.M. van Aken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette M. van der Linden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes V. van Thienen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus J. de Langen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrie A.M. Marijnen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C. de Jong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Berry MR, Fan TM. Target-Based Radiosensitization Strategies: Concepts and Companion Animal Model Outlook. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768692. [PMID: 34746010 PMCID: PMC8564182 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
External beam radiotherapy is indicated in approximately 50-60% of human cancer patients. The prescribed dose of ionizing radiation that can be delivered to a tumor is determined by the sensitivity of the normal surrounding tissues. Despite dose intensification provided by highly conformal radiotherapy, durable locoregional tumor control remains a clinical barrier for recalcitrant tumor histologies, and contributes to cancer morbidity and mortality. Development of target-based radiosensitization strategies that selectively sensitizes tumor tissue to ionizing radiation is expected to improve radiotherapy efficacy. While exploration of radiosensitization strategies has vastly expanded with technological advances permitting the precise and conformal delivery of radiation, maximal clinical benefit derived from radiotherapy will require complementary discoveries that exploit molecularly-based vulnerabilities of tumor cells, as well as the assessment of investigational radiotherapy strategies in animal models that faithfully recapitulate radiobiologic responses of human cancers. To address these requirements, the purpose of this review is to underscore current and emerging concepts of molecularly targeted radiosensitizing strategies and highlight the utility of companion animal models for improving the predictive value of radiotherapy investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Berry
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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17
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Stat1 confers sensitivity to radiation in cervical cancer cells by controlling Parp1 levels: a new perspective for Parp1 inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:933. [PMID: 34642300 PMCID: PMC8511191 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in women. According to international guidelines, a standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) consists of exclusive concurrent chemoradiation treatment (CRT). However, chemoradioresistance and subsequent relapse and metastasis of cancer occur in many patients, and survival for these women has generally remained poor. Therefore, strategies to overcome resistance are urgently needed. We have recently reported a radiosensitizing effect of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in CC, associated with the control of [Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase −1] PARP1 levels, a key factor in cell response to DNA damage induced by radiation. Here, we sought to decipher the underlying mechanism of STAT1-mediated control of PARP1, elucidating its role as a radiosensitizer in CC. Functional and molecular biology studies demonstrated that STAT1 may act at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels to modulate PARP1 expression in CC cells. In light of these results, we tested the effect of Olaparib in sensitizing CC cells to radiation and investigated signaling pathways involved in the activity observed. Results showed that PARP1 inhibition, at clinically achievable doses, may indeed selectively improve the sensitivity of resistant CC cells to DNA-damaging treatment. The translational relevance of our findings was supported by preliminary results in a limited patient cohort, confirming that higher PARP1 levels are significantly associated with a radioresistant phenotype. Finally, bioinformatics analysis of GEPIA and TCGA databases, demonstrated that PARP1 mRNA is higher in CC than in normal tissues and that increased PARP1 mRNA expression levels are associated with poor prognosis of LACC patients. Overall, our data open new opportunities for the development of personalized treatments in women diagnosed with CC.
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18
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Metformin Affects Olaparib Sensitivity through Induction of Apoptosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910557. [PMID: 34638899 PMCID: PMC8508816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of combination treatment with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib and metformin on homologous recombination (HR)-proficient epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Ovarian cancer cell lines (OV-90 and SKOV-3) were treated with olaparib, metformin, or a combination of both. Cell viability was assessed by MTT and colony formation assays. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were examined using the specific fluorescence probes, DCFH2-DA (2′,7′-dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate) and JC-1 (5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine). Apoptotic and necrotic changes were measured by double staining with Hoechst 33258 and propidium iodide, orange acridine and ethidium bromide staining, phosphatidylserine externalization, TUNEL assay, caspase 3/7 activity, and cytochrome c and p53 expression. Compared with single-drug treatment, the combination of olaparib and metformin significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in HR-proficient ovarian cancer cells. ROS production preceded a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The changes in ROS levels suggested their involvement in inducing apoptosis in response to combination treatment. The present results indicate a shift towards synergism in cells with mutant or null p53, treated with olaparib combined with metformin, providing a new approach to the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Taken together, the results support the use of metformin to sensitize EOC to olaparib therapy.
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Macchini M, Centonze F, Peretti U, Orsi G, Militello AM, Valente MM, Cascinu S, Reni M. Treatment opportunities and future perspectives for pancreatic cancer patients with germline BRCA1-2 pathogenic variants. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 100:102262. [PMID: 34418781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Personalized treatments and predictive biomarkers of pancreatic cancer (PDAC) are still lacking. Recently germline mutations in BRCA 1 and 2 genes, leading to homologous repair deficiency, have emerged as new targets for more specific and effective therapies, exploiting the increased susceptibility to platinum salts and PARP inhibitors. In addition to BRCA, pathogenic variants in PALB2 and in other genes involved in the DNA damage response pathway (DDR) represent potential targets, as well as their respective somatic alterations. This enlarged molecularly-selected population sharing the BRCAness phenotype, is expected to show a higher sensibility to a number of DNA damaging agents and DDR inhibitors. However, the possibility of new therapeutic opportunities for DDR defective PDAC patients has to face the lack of solid evidence about the proper type and timing of targeted-treatments, the potential combination strategies and most importantly, the lack of informations on the functional impact of each specific pathogenic variant on the DDR pathway. This review summarizes the current and near-future options for the clinical management of PDAC patients harboring a DDR deficiency, analyzing the state of the art of the indications of platinum salts and other cytotoxic agents in the advanced and early stage PDAC, the development of PARP inhibitors and the rational for new combinations with immunotherapy and cycle checkpoint inhibitors, as well as the strategy to overcome the development of resistance over treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Macchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Centonze
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Peretti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Orsi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Militello
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Valente
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Reni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Fasano M, Perri F, Della Corte CM, Di Liello R, Della Vittoria Scarpati G, Cascella M, Ottaiano A, Ciardiello F, Solla R. Translational Insights and New Therapeutic Perspectives in Head and Neck Tumors. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1045. [PMID: 34440249 PMCID: PMC8391435 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by a high mortality rate owing to very few available oncological treatments. For many years, a combination of platinum-based chemotherapy and anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab has represented the only available option for first-line therapy. Recently, immunotherapy has been presented an alternative for positive PD-L1 HNSCC. However, the oncologists' community foresees that a new therapeutic era is approaching. In fact, no-chemo options and some molecular targets are on the horizon. This narrative review addresses past, present, and future therapeutic options for HNSCC from a translational point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Fasano
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (C.M.D.C.); (R.D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Perri
- Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carminia Maria Della Corte
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (C.M.D.C.); (R.D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Raimondo Di Liello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (C.M.D.C.); (R.D.L.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Marco Cascella
- Division of Anesthesia, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- SSD Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (C.M.D.C.); (R.D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Raffaele Solla
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Biostructure & Bioimaging, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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21
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Gill SJ, Wijnhoven PWG, Fok JHL, Lloyd RL, Cairns J, Armenia J, Nikkilä J, Lau A, Bakkenist CJ, Galbraith SM, Vens C, O'Connor MJ. Radiopotentiation Profiling of Multiple Inhibitors of the DNA Damage Response for Early Clinical Development. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1614-1626. [PMID: 34158341 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective anticancer treatment, but combinations with targeted agents that maximize efficacy while sparing normal tissue are needed. Here, we assess the radiopotentiation profiles of DNA damage response inhibitors (DDRi) olaparib (PARP1/2), ceralasertib (ATR), adavosertib (WEE1), AZD0156 (ATM), and KU-60648 (DNA-PK). We performed a radiotherapy combination screen and assessed how drug concentration and cellular DDR deficiencies influence the radiopotentiation ability of DDRi. We pre-selected six lung cancer cell lines with different genetic/signaling aberrations (including mutations in TP53 and ATM) and assessed multiple concentrations of DDRi in combination with a fixed radiotherapy dose by clonogenic assay. The effective concentration of DDRi in radiotherapy combinations is lower than that required for single-agent efficacy. This has the potential to be exploited further in the context of DDR deficiencies to increase therapeutic index and we demonstrate that low concentrations of AZD0156 preferentially sensitized p53-deficient cells. Moreover, testing multiple concentrations of DDRi in radiotherapy combinations indicated that olaparib, ceralasertib, and adavosertib have a desirable safety profile showing moderate increases in radiotherapy dose enhancement with increasing inhibitor concentration. Small increases in concentration of AZD0156 and particularly KU-60648, however, result in steep increases in dose enhancement. Radiopotentiation profiling can inform on effective drug doses required for radiosensitization in relation to biomarkers, providing an opportunity to increase therapeutic index. Moreover, multiple concentration testing demonstrates a relationship between drug concentration and radiotherapy effect that provides valuable insights that, with future in vivo validation, can guide dose-escalation strategies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja J Gill
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rebecca L Lloyd
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Cairns
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Bioinformatics and Data Science, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jenni Nikkilä
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Lau
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Conchita Vens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Moutafi M, Economopoulou P, Rimm D, Psyrri A. PARP inhibitors in head and neck cancer: Molecular mechanisms, preclinical and clinical data. Oral Oncol 2021; 117:105292. [PMID: 33862558 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have revolutionized the treatment landscape in several cancers. PARPi increase DNA damage particularly in tumors with underlying defects in DNA repair. In addition to PARPi-induced DNA damage, PARPi enhance immune priming and induce adaptive upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are characterized by aberrant DNA repair pathways, including nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair and these deregulated repair mechanisms are implicated in both the pathogenesis of the disease and the outcome of therapy. Cisplatin represents the cornerstone of treatment of HNSCC and cisplatin resistance impedes successful treatment outcomes. To this end, research strategies that are testing modulation of cisplatin sensitivity by PARPi are of particular interest. Moreover, given the immune modulating effects of PARPi and the recent approval of Programmed Cell Death- 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors in HNSCC, the design of trials combining PARPi and PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors represent a rational research strategy. In this review, we summarize data supporting the integration of PARP inhibitors into HNSCC therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Moutafi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Panagiota Economopoulou
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - David Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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23
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de Haan R, van den Heuvel MM, van Diessen J, Peulen HMU, van Werkhoven E, de Langen AJ, Lalezari F, Pluim D, Verwijs-Janssen M, Vens C, Schellens JHM, Steeghs N, Verheij M, van Triest B. Phase I and Pharmacologic Study of Olaparib in Combination with High-dose Radiotherapy with and without Concurrent Cisplatin for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1256-1266. [PMID: 33262140 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify an MTD of olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, in combination with loco-regional radiotherapy with/without cisplatin for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Olaparib dose was escalated in two groups: radiotherapy (66 Gy/24 fractions in 2.75 Gy/fraction) with and without daily cisplatin (6 mg/m2), using time-to-event continual reassessment method with a 1-year dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) period. The highest dose level with a DLT probability <15% was defined as MTD. Poly ADP-ribose (PAR) inhibition and radiation-induced PAR-ribosylation (PARylation) were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients with loco-regional or oligometastatic disease (39%) were treated: 11 at olaparib 25 mg twice daily and 17 at 25 mg once daily. The lowest dose level with cisplatin was above the MTD due to hematologic and late esophageal DLT. The MTD without cisplatin was olaparib 25 mg once daily. At a latency of 1-2.8 years, severe pulmonary adverse events (AE) were observed in 5 patients across all dose levels, resulting in 18% grade 5 pulmonary AEs. Exploratory analyses indicate an association with the radiation dose to the lungs. At the MTD, olaparib reduced PAR levels by more than 95% and abolished radiation-induced PARylation. Median follow-up of survivors was 4.1 years. Two-year loco-regional control was 84%, median overall survival in patients with locally advanced NSCLC was 28 months. CONCLUSIONS Combined mildly hypofractionated radiotherapy and low-dose daily cisplatin and olaparib was not tolerable due to esophageal and hematologic toxicity. Severe pulmonary toxicity was observed as well, even without cisplatin. More conformal radiotherapy schedules with improved pulmonary and esophageal sparing should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie de Haan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel M van den Heuvel
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judi van Diessen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heike M U Peulen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik van Werkhoven
- Department of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adrianus J de Langen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry Lalezari
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Pluim
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon Verwijs-Janssen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Baukelien van Triest
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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24
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Cho EJ, Kim JK, Baek HJ, Kim SE, Park EJ, Choi BK, Kim TH, Shin DH, Lim YK, Deng CX, Kim SS. Preclinical evaluation of radiation therapy of BRCA1-associated mammary tumors using a mouse model. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:689-701. [PMID: 33767581 PMCID: PMC7975707 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although germline mutations in BRCA1 highly predispose women towards breast and ovarian cancer, few substantial improvements in preventing or treating such cancers have been made. Importantly, BRCA1 function is closely associated with DNA damage repair, which is required for genetic stability. Here, we examined the efficacy of radiotherapy, assessing the accumulation of genetic instabilities, in the treatment of BRCA1-associated breast cancer using a Brca1-mutant mouse model. Treatment of Brca1-mutant tumor-engrafted mice with X-rays reduced tumor progression by 27.9% compared with untreated controls. A correlation analysis of irradiation responses and biomarker profiles in tumors at baseline identified differences between responders and non-responders at the protein level (pERα, pCHK2, p53, and EpCAM) and at the SOX2 target expression level. We further demonstrated that combined treatment of Brca1-mutant mammary tumors with irradiation and AZD2281, which inhibits PARP, significantly reduced tumor progression and extended survival. Our findings enhance the understanding of DNA damage and biomarker responses in BRCA1-associated mammary tumors and provide preclinical evidence that radiotherapy with synthetic DNA damage is a potential strategy for the therapeutic management of BRCA1-associated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Cho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Jong Kwang Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Baek
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Sun Eui Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Bum Kyu Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea.,Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Lim
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
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25
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Frederick BA, Gupta R, Atilano-Roque A, Su TT, Raben D. Combined EGFR1 and PARP1 Inhibition Enhances the Effect of Radiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Models. Radiat Res 2020; 194:519-531. [PMID: 32936912 DOI: 10.1667/rr15480.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a challenging cancer with little change in five-year overall survival rate of 50-60% over the last two decades. Radiation with or without platinum-based drugs remains the standard of care despite limited benefit and high toxicity. HNSCCs often overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and inhibition of EGFR signaling enhances radiation sensitivity by interfering with repair of radiation-induced DNA breaks. Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) also participates in DNA damage repair, but its inhibition provides benefit in cancers that lack DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) such as BRCA-mutant breast cancer. HNSCCs in contrast are typically BRCA wild-type and proficient in HR repair, making it challenging to apply anti-PARP1 therapy in this model. A recently published study showed that a combination of EGFR and PARP1 inhibition induced more DNA damage and greater growth control than each single agent in HNSCC cells. This led us to hypothesize that a combination of EGFR and PARP1 inhibition would enhance the efficacy of radiation to a greater extent than each single agent, providing a rationale for paradigm-shifting combinatorial approaches to improve the standard of care in HNSCC. Here, we report a proof-of-concept study using Detroit562 HNSCC cells, which are proficient for DNA repair by both HR and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanisms. We tested the effect of adding cetuximab and/or olaparib (inhibitors of EGFR and PARP1, respectively) to radiation and compared it to that of cisplatin and radiation combination, which is the standard of care. Our results demonstrate that the combination of cetuximab and olaparib with radiation was superior to the combination of any single drug with radiation in terms of induction of unrepaired DNA damage, induction of senescence, apoptosis and clonogenic death, and tumor growth control in mouse xenografts. Combined with our recently published phase I safety data on cetuximab/olaparib/radiation triple combination, the data reported here demonstrate a potential for combining biologically-based therapies that might optimize radiosensitization in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Frederick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado.,SuviCa, Inc., Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amandla Atilano-Roque
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado.,SuviCa, Inc., Boulder, Colorado
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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26
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Li D, Hu C, Yang J, Liao Y, Chen Y, Fu SZ, Wu JB. Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect of Folate-Conjugated Olaparib Nanoparticles Combined with Radiotherapy in Cervical Carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10045-10058. [PMID: 33328733 PMCID: PMC7735794 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT), one of the main treatments for cervical cancer, has tremendous potential for improvement in the efficacy. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a key enzyme in the repair of DNA strand breaks (DSB). Olaparib (Ola) is a PARP inhibitor that is involved in preventing the release of PARP from RT-induced damaged DNA to potentiate the effect of RT. Although the basic mechanism of Ola's radiosensitization is well known, the radiosensitization mechanism of its nanomedicine is still unclear. In addition, the lack of tumor tissue targeting is a major obstacle for the clinical success of Ola. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we developed folate-conjugated active targeting olaparib nanoparticles (ATO) and investigated the anti-tumor effect of ATO combined with radiotherapy (RT) in nude mice using cervical cancer xenograft models. We used folate (FA)-conjugated poly (ε-caprolactone)-poly (ethyleneglycol)-poly (e-caprolactone) (PCEC) copolymer to prepare ATO via emulsification/solvent diffusion. Further, we evaluated ATO particle size, potential, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release characteristics, and evaluated the shape of ATO via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We then performed MTT and cell uptake assays to detect cytotoxicity and targeting uptake in vitro. We investigated the anti-tumor properties of ATO in vivo by apoptosis test, 18 F-FDG PET/CT, and immunohistochemical analysis. Finally, the xenografted tumor in nude mice was subjected to RT and/or ATO treatment. RESULTS The results confirmed that ATO in combination with RT significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival time of tumor-bearing mice. This may be related to the inhibition of tumor proliferation and DNA damage repair and induction of cell apoptosis in vivo. CONCLUSION The ATO developed in this study may represent a novel formulation for olaparib delivery and have promising potential for treating tumors with an over-expression of folate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanfei Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Liao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, People’s Republic of China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao Zhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Bo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, People’s Republic of China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Yusoh NA, Ahmad H, Gill MR. Combining PARP Inhibition with Platinum, Ruthenium or Gold Complexes for Cancer Therapy. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2121-2135. [PMID: 32812709 PMCID: PMC7754470 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs are heavily used first-line chemotherapeutic agents for many solid tumours and have stimulated substantial interest in the biological activity of DNA-binding metal complexes. These complexes generate DNA lesions which trigger the activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that are essential to maintain genomic integrity. Cancer cells exploit this intrinsic DNA repair network to counteract many types of chemotherapies. Now, advances in the molecular biology of cancer has paved the way for the combination of DDR inhibitors such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) and agents that induce high levels of DNA replication stress or single-strand break damage for synergistic cancer cell killing. In this review, we summarise early-stage, preclinical and clinical findings exploring platinum and emerging ruthenium anti-cancer complexes alongside PARPi in combination therapy for cancer and also describe emerging work on the ability of ruthenium and gold complexes to directly inhibit PARP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aininie Yusoh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdang, SelangorMalaysia
| | - Haslina Ahmad
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdang, SelangorMalaysia
- Integrated Chemical BiophysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdang, SelangorMalaysia
| | - Martin R. Gill
- Department of ChemistrySwansea UniversitySwanseaWales (UK
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28
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McCrorie P, Mistry J, Taresco V, Lovato T, Fay M, Ward I, Ritchie AA, Clarke PA, Smith SJ, Marlow M, Rahman R. Etoposide and olaparib polymer-coated nanoparticles within a bioadhesive sprayable hydrogel for post-surgical localised delivery to brain tumours. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 157:108-120. [PMID: 33068736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumour with a median survival of 14.6 months from diagnosis. Despite maximal surgical resection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy, reoccurrence is inevitable. To try combating the disease at a stage of low residual tumour burden immediately post-surgery, we propose a localised drug delivery system comprising of a spray device, bioadhesive hydrogel (pectin) and drug nanocrystals coated with polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol (NCPPs), to be administered directly into brain parenchyma adjacent to the surgical cavity. We have repurposed pectin for use within the brain, showing in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, bio-adhesion to mammalian brain and gelling at physiological brain calcium concentrations. Etoposide and olaparib NCPPs with high drug loading have shown in vitro stability and drug release over 120 h. Pluronic F127 stabilised NCPPs to ensure successful spraying, as determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Successful delivery of Cy5-labelled NCPPs was demonstrated in a large ex vivo mammalian brain, with NCPP present in the tissue surrounding the resection cavity. Our data collectively demonstrates the pre-clinical development of a novel localised delivery device based on a sprayable hydrogel containing therapeutic NCPPs, amenable for translation to intracranial surgical resection models for the treatment of malignant brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe McCrorie
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jatin Mistry
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tatiana Lovato
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael Fay
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian Ward
- School of Life Sciences Imaging, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alison A Ritchie
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip A Clarke
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stuart J Smith
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maria Marlow
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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29
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The Effects of Doxorubicin, Ethanol Extract and Flavonoid-rich Fraction of Euphorbia Splendida Mobayen on the PARP Level, and APC Gene Expression in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cell Line. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.79679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural products derived from various sources are being used to develop chemotherapeutic drugs. Euphorbiaceae is widely used to treat different types of cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second and third cause of cancer in women and men, respectively. CRC is strongly associated with the deregulation of the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PPAR) protein. Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the effect of doxorubicin, ethanol extract, and the flavonoid-rich fraction of Euphorbia Splendida Mobayen on colon cancer HT-29 cell line death, APC gene expression, and PPAR concentration. Methods: Following treatment of cells by Euphorbia ethanol extract, Euphorbia flavonoid-rich fraction, and doxorubicin, cell viability assay was used to investigate the viability status of the HT-29 cell line. Total RNA was isolated from the cell line and converted into cDNA. The expression level of the APC gene was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PPAR) protein was detected by the ELIZA method. Results: We found that Euphorbia ethanol extract, Euphorbia flavonoid-rich fraction, and doxorubicin can stimulate dose-dependent cell death in the HT-29 cell line, increase ACP gene expression (P = 0.001, P = 0.041, P = 0.019), and decrease PARP level (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The findings indicated that doxorubicin, ethanol extract, and the flavonoid-rich fraction of Euphorbia Splendida Mobayen had cytotoxic effects on human colon cancer HT-29 cell line by possibly stimulating apoptosis.
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30
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Zhao Y, Chen S. Targeting DNA Double-Strand Break (DSB) Repair to Counteract Tumor Radio-resistance. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:891-902. [PMID: 30806313 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190222181857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, advances of radiotherapy (RT) have been made in the clinical practice of cancer treatment. RT exerts its anticancer effect mainly via leading to the DNA Double-Strand Break (DSB), which is one of the most toxic DNA damages. Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) and Homologous Recombination (HR) are two major DSB repair pathways in human cells. It is known that dysregulations of DSB repair elicit a predisposition to cancer and probably result in resistance to cancer therapies including RT. Therefore, targeting the DSB repair presents an attractive strategy to counteract radio-resistance. In this review, we describe the latest knowledge of the two DSB repair pathways, focusing on several key proteins contributing to the repair, such as DNA-PKcs, RAD51, MRN and PARP1. Most importantly, we discuss the possibility of overcoming radiation resistance by targeting these proteins for therapeutic inhibition. Recent tests of DSB repair inhibitors in the laboratory and their translations into clinical studies are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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31
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Han C, Zhong J, Hu J, Liu H, Liu R, Ling F. Single-Sample Node Entropy for Molecular Transition in Pre-deterioration Stage of Cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:809. [PMID: 32766227 PMCID: PMC7381145 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex disease, especially cancer, always has pre-deterioration stage during its progression, which is difficult to identify but crucial to drug research and clinical intervention. However, using a few samples to find mechanisms that propel cancer crossing the pre-deterioration stage is still a complex problem. In this study, we successfully developed a novel single-sample model based on node entropy with a priori established protein interaction network. Using this model, critical stages were successfully detected in simulation data and four TCGA datasets, indicating its sensitivity and robustness. Besides, compared with the results of the differential analysis, our results showed that most of dynamic network biomarkers identified by node entropy, such as NKD2 or DAAM1, located in upstream in many important cancer-related signaling pathways regulated intergenic signaling within pathways. We also identified some novel prognostic biomarkers such as PER2, TNFSF4, MMP13 and ENO4 using node entropy rather than expression level. More importantly, we found the switch of non-specific pathways related to DNA damage repairing was the main driven force for cancer progression. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a dynamic node entropy model based on single case data to find out tipping point and possible mechanism for cancer progression. These findings may provide new target genes in therapeutic intervention tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyin Han
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhong
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huisheng Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ling
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Palmeira A, Sousa E, Köseler A, Sabirli R, Gören T, Türkçüer İ, Kurt Ö, Pinto MM, Vasconcelos MH. Preliminary Virtual Screening Studies to Identify GRP78 Inhibitors Which May Interfere with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E132. [PMID: 32630514 PMCID: PMC7345920 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein was predicted by molecular docking to bind the host cell surface GRP78, which was suggested as a putative good molecular target to inhibit Covid-19. We aimed to confirm that GRP78 gene expression was increased in blood of SARS-CoV-2 (+) versus SARS-CoV-2 (-) pneumonia patients. In addition, we aimed to identify drugs that could be repurposed to inhibit GRP78, thus with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Gene expression studies were performed in 10 SARS-CoV-2 (-) and 24 SARS-CoV-2 (+) pneumonia patients. A structure-based virtual screen was performed with 10,761 small molecules retrieved from DrugBank, using the GRP78 nucleotide binding domain and substrate binding domain as molecular targets. Results indicated that GRP78 mRNA levels were approximately four times higher in the blood of SARS-CoV-2 (+) versus SARS-CoV-2 (-) pneumonia patients, further suggesting that GRP78 might be a good molecular target to treat Covid-19. In addition, a total of 409 compounds were identified with potential as GRP78 inhibitors. In conclusion, we found preliminary evidence that further proposes GRP78 as a possible molecular target to treat Covid-19 and that many clinically approved drugs bind GRP78 as an off-target effect. We suggest that further work should be urgently carried out to confirm if GRP78 is indeed a good molecular target and if some of those drugs have potential to be repurposed for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.); (E.S.); (M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.); (E.S.); (M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aylin Köseler
- Department of Biophysics, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, 20190 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Sabirli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, 36000 Kars, Turkey;
| | - Tarık Gören
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, 20190 Denizli, Turkey; (T.G.); (İ.T.)
| | - İbrahim Türkçüer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, 20190 Denizli, Turkey; (T.G.); (İ.T.)
| | - Özgür Kurt
- Department of Microbiology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Madalena M. Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.); (E.S.); (M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Tran Chau V, Liu W, Gerbé de Thoré M, Meziani L, Mondini M, O'Connor MJ, Deutsch E, Clémenson C. Differential therapeutic effects of PARP and ATR inhibition combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of subcutaneous versus orthotopic lung tumour models. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:762-771. [PMID: 32546832 PMCID: PMC7463250 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subcutaneous mouse tumour models are widely used for the screening of novel antitumour treatments, although these models are poor surrogate models of human cancers. Methods We compared the antitumour efficacy of the combination of ionising radiation (IR) with two DNA damage response inhibitors, the PARP inhibitor olaparib and the ATR inhibitor AZD6738 (ceralasertib), in subcutaneous versus orthotopic cancer models. Results Olaparib delayed the growth of irradiated Lewis lung carcinoma (LL2) subcutaneous tumours, in agreement with previous reports in human cell lines. However, the olaparib plus IR combination showed a very narrow therapeutic window against LL2 lung orthotopic tumours, with nearly no additional antitumour effect compared with that of IR alone, and tolerability issues emerged at high doses. The addition of AZD6738 greatly enhanced the efficacy of the olaparib plus IR combination treatment against subcutaneous but not orthotopic LL2 tumours. Moreover, olaparib plus AZD6738 administration concomitant with IR even worsened the response to radiation of head and neck orthotopic tumours and induced mucositis. Conclusions These major differences in the responses to treatments between subcutaneous and orthotopic models highlight the importance of using more pathologically relevant models, such as syngeneic orthotopic models, to determine the most appropriate therapeutic approaches for translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tran Chau
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Winchygn Liu
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Gerbé de Thoré
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Lydia Meziani
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Michele Mondini
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Mark J O'Connor
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric Deutsch
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France. .,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
| | - Céline Clémenson
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France. .,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France.
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Zerp SF, Bibi Z, Verbrugge I, Voest EE, Verheij M. Enhancing radiation response by a second-generation TRAIL receptor agonist using a new in vitro organoid model system. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 24:1-9. [PMID: 32577539 PMCID: PMC7303921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of the second-generation TRAIL receptor agonist APG-880 on radiation-induced cytotoxicity. The combined effect was studied in short-term and long-term cytotoxicity assays in established CRC cell lines, and tumor organoids derived from colon cancer patients. We observed a supra-additive effect on cytotoxicity when APG-880 and radiation were combined simultaneously, with combination indices around 0.7. In long-term survival assays, we demonstrated a radiosensitizing effect of APG-880 with dose enhancement factors between 1.3 and 1.5.
Background For many cancer types, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC), combined modality treatments have shown to improve outcome, but are frequently associated with significant toxicity, illustrating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Based on preclinical data, TRAIL receptor agonists appeared to be promising agents for cancer therapy especially in combination with DNA damaging regimens. Here, we present the combination of the second-generation TRAIL receptor agonist APG-880 with radiation in a new and clinically relevant 3D model system. Methods To investigate the effect of APG-880 in combination with radiation we performed short-term cytotoxicity and long-term clonogenic survival assays in established CRC cell lines, and in tumor organoids derived from colon cancer patients. Results APG-880 is a potent inducer of apoptosis in CRC cell lines and in patient-derived CRC organoids. Furthermore, a supra-additive effect on cytotoxicity was found when APG-880 and radiation were combined simultaneously, with combination indices around 0.7. Lastly, in the long-term survival assays, we demonstrated a radiosensitizing effect of APG-880 with dose enhancement factors between 1.3 and 1.5. Conclusions In a new, clinically relevant CRC-organoid model system we demonstrated a more than additive combined effect between the second-generation TRAIL receptor agonist APG-880 and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuraila F. Zerp
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zainab Bibi
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Verbrugge
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emile E. Voest
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wang L, Cao J, Wang X, Lin E, Wang Z, Li Y, Li Y, Chen M, Wang X, Jiang B, Zhang R, Sahoo N, Zhang X, Zhu XR, Myers JN, Frank SJ. Proton and photon radiosensitization effects of niraparib, a PARP-1/-2 inhibitor, on human head and neck cancer cells. Head Neck 2020; 42:2244-2256. [PMID: 32323895 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining photon or proton radiotherapy with targeted therapy shows promise for head and neck cancer (HNSCC). The poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase-1/2 inhibitor niraparib targets DNA damage repair (DDR). We evaluated the effects of niraparib in combination with photons or protons, and its effects on the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons, in human HNSCC cell lines. METHODS Radiosensitivity was assessed and RBE was calculated with clonogenic survival assays; unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks were evaluated using immunocytochemical analysis of 53BP1 foci. RESULTS Niraparib reduced colony formation in two of the four cell lines tested (P < .05), enhanced radiosensitivity in all four cell lines, delayed DDR (P < .05), and increased proton vs photon RBE. CONCLUSION Niraparib enhanced the sensitivity of four HNSCC cell lines to both photons and protons and increased the RBE of protons, possibly by inhibiting DDR. Niraparib may enhance the effectiveness of both photon and proton radiotherapy for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric Lin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeming Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yupeng Li
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xianliang Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Narayan Sahoo
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - X Ronald Zhu
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Poirier JT, George J, Owonikoko TK, Berns A, Brambilla E, Byers LA, Carbone D, Chen HJ, Christensen CL, Dive C, Farago AF, Govindan R, Hann C, Hellmann MD, Horn L, Johnson JE, Ju YS, Kang S, Krasnow M, Lee J, Lee SH, Lehman J, Lok B, Lovly C, MacPherson D, McFadden D, Minna J, Oser M, Park K, Park KS, Pommier Y, Quaranta V, Ready N, Sage J, Scagliotti G, Sos ML, Sutherland KD, Travis WD, Vakoc CR, Wait SJ, Wistuba I, Wong KK, Zhang H, Daigneault J, Wiens J, Rudin CM, Oliver TG. New Approaches to SCLC Therapy: From the Laboratory to the Clinic. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:520-540. [PMID: 32018053 PMCID: PMC7263769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The outcomes of patients with SCLC have not yet been substantially impacted by the revolution in precision oncology, primarily owing to a paucity of genetic alterations in actionable driver oncogenes. Nevertheless, systemic therapies that include immunotherapy are beginning to show promise in the clinic. Although, these results are encouraging, many patients do not respond to, or rapidly recur after, current regimens, necessitating alternative or complementary therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss ongoing investigations into the pathobiology of this recalcitrant cancer and the therapeutic vulnerabilities that are exposed by the disease state. Included within this discussion, is a snapshot of the current biomarker and clinical trial landscapes for SCLC. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps that should be addressed to advance the field in pursuit of reduced SCLC mortality. This review largely summarizes work presented at the Third Biennial International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer SCLC Meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Poirier
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Julie George
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne Germany
| | | | - Anton Berns
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Manchester Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna F Farago
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Christine Hann
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Leora Horn
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Sumin Kang
- Emory University, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark Krasnow
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - James Lee
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Benjamin Lok
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - John Minna
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Matthew Oser
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keunchil Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Yves Pommier
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Julien Sage
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Martin L Sos
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne Germany; Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kate D Sutherland
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarah J Wait
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Kwok Kin Wong
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Hua Zhang
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Jillian Daigneault
- International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jacinta Wiens
- International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Trudy G Oliver
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Kageyama SI, Junyan D, Hojo H, Motegi A, Nakamura M, Tsuchihara K, Akimoto T. PARP inhibitor olaparib sensitizes esophageal carcinoma cells to fractionated proton irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:177-186. [PMID: 31976528 PMCID: PMC7246074 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proton beam therapy (PBT) combined with chemotherapy, such as cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been employed as an alternative approach to improve clinical outcomes. PBT has been reported to be effective against esophageal cancer. However, apart from 5-FU and CDDP, almost no other drug has been tested in combined chemotherapy with PBT. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor on enhancing proton beam effects using esophageal cancer cell lines that exhibit resistance to radiation and CDDP. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines OE-21 and KYSE-450 were exposed to the drugs for 1 h prior to irradiation. The cell survival curve was obtained using a clonogenic assay and the sensitizing effect ratio (SER) was calculated. The clonogenic assay was used to compare the effect of multi-fractioned irradiation between 8 Gy/1 fraction (fr) and 8 Gy/4 fr. γH2AX, Rad51, BRCA1, BRCA2 and 53BP1 foci were detected via immunofluorescence. Olaparib exhibited an SER of 1.5-1.7 on PBT. The same sensitizing effect was exhibited in multi-fractioned irradiation, and the combined use increased the expression of double-strand breaks and homologous recombination-related genes in an additive manner. Such additive effects were not observed on non-homologous end joining-related genes. We demonstrated that olaparib has a high sensitizing effect on PBT in platinum- and radiation-resistant esophageal cancer cells. Our results suggest a potential clinical application of olaparib-proton irradiation (PT) against platinum- and radiation-resistant esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-ichiro Kageyama
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Du Junyan
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Hojo
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Motegi
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Akimoto
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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Hernandez AL, Young CD, Bian L, Weigel K, Nolan K, Frederick B, Han G, He G, Devon Trahan G, Rudolph MC, Jones KL, Oweida AJ, Karam SD, Raben D, Wang XJ. PARP Inhibition Enhances Radiotherapy of SMAD4-Deficient Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Experimental Models. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3058-3070. [PMID: 32139402 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SMAD4 loss causes genomic instability and the initiation/progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we study whether SMAD4 loss sensitizes HNSCCs to olaparib (PARP inhibitor) in combination with radiotherapy (RT). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed HNSCC The Cancer Genome Atlas data for SMAD4 expression in association with FANC/BRCA family gene expression. Human HNSCC cell lines were screened for sensitivity to olaparib. Isogenic HNSCC cell lines were generated to restore or reduce SMAD4 expression and treated with olaparib, radiation, or the combination. HNSCC pretreatment specimens from a phase I trial investigating olaparib were analyzed. RESULTS SMAD4 levels correlated with levels of FANC/BRCA genes in HNSCC. HNSCC cell lines with SMAD4 homozygous deletion were sensitive to olaparib. In vivo, olaparib or RT monotherapy reduced tumor volumes in SMAD4-mutant but not SMAD4-positive tumors. Olaparib with RT dual therapy sustained tumor volume reduction in SMAD4-deficient (mutant or knockdown) xenografts, which exhibited increased DNA damage and cell death compared with vehicle-treated tumors. In vitro, olaparib alone or in combination with radiation caused lower clonogenic survival, more DNA damage-associated cell death, and less proliferation in SMAD4-deficient cells than in SMAD4-positive (endogenous SMAD4 or transduced SMAD4) cells. Applicable to clinic, 5 out of 6 SMAD4-negative HNSCCs and 4 out of 8 SMAD4-positive HNSCCs responded to a standard treatment plus olaparib in a phase I clinical trial, and SMAD4 protein levels inversely correlated with DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS SMAD4 levels are causal in determining sensitivity to PARP inhibition in combination with RT in HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel L Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kelsey Weigel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kyle Nolan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Barbara Frederick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gangwen Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Guanting He
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - G Devon Trahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ayman J Oweida
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. .,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado
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Liu C, Gross N, Li Y, Li G, Wang Z, Zhong S, Li Y, Hu G. PARP inhibitor Olaparib increases the sensitization to radiotherapy in FaDu cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2444-2450. [PMID: 31957270 PMCID: PMC7028864 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance causes a major problem for improvement of outcomes of patients treated with radiation. Targeting for DNA repair deficient mechanisms is a hallmark of sensitization to resistance. We tested whether Olaparib, a (poly) ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, can sensitize the radioresistant FaDu cells to radiotherapy. Radioresistant FaDu cells, called FaDu‐RR cells, were used as the radioresistant hypopharyngeal cancer models. The expression of PARP1 was detected in both FaDu and FaDu‐RR cells. The role of Olaparib in radiosensitization was analysed with several assays including clonogenic cell survival, cell proliferation and cell cycle, and radioresistant xenograft. High expression of PARP1 had a significant effect on enhancing radioresistance in FaDu‐RR cells compared with FaDu cells. After treatment of Olaparib, FaDu‐RR cells showed significantly less and smaller surviving colonies, lower proliferation ability and G2/M arrest than those in the group without treatment. Moreover, Olaparib significantly reduced growth of tumours in FaDu‐RR cell xenografts treated with ionizing radiation. Olaparib can significantly inhibit PARP1 expression and consequently has significant effects on radiosensitization in FaDu‐RR cells. These results indicate that Olaparib may help individualize treatment and improve their outcomes of hypopharyngeal cancer patients treated with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Neil Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanshi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhihai Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixun Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuncheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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van der Heijden M, Essers PBM, de Jong MC, de Roest RH, Sanduleanu S, Verhagen CVM, Hamming-Vrieze O, Hoebers F, Lambin P, Bartelink H, Leemans CR, Verheij M, Brakenhoff RH, van den Brekel MWM, Vens C. Biological Determinants of Chemo-Radiotherapy Response in HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer: A Multicentric External Validation. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1470. [PMID: 31998639 PMCID: PMC6966332 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Tumor markers that are related to hypoxia, proliferation, DNA damage repair and stem cell-ness, have a prognostic value in advanced stage HNSCC patients when assessed individually. Here we aimed to evaluate and validate this in a multifactorial context and assess interrelation and the combined role of these biological factors in determining chemo-radiotherapy response in HPV-negative advanced HNSCC. Methods: RNA sequencing data of pre-treatment biopsy material from 197 HPV-negative advanced stage HNSCC patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy was analyzed. Biological parameter scores were assigned to patient samples using previously generated and described gene expression signatures. Locoregional control rates were used to assess the role of these biological parameters in radiation response and compared to distant metastasis data. Biological factors were ranked according to their clinical impact using bootstrapping methods and multivariate Cox regression analyses that included clinical variables. Multivariate Cox regression analyses comprising all biological variables were used to define their relative role among all factors when combined. Results: Only few biomarker scores correlate with each other, underscoring their independence. The different biological factors do not correlate or cluster, except for the two stem cell markers CD44 and SLC3A2 (r = 0.4, p < 0.001) and acute hypoxia prediction scores which correlated with T-cell infiltration score, CD8+ T cell abundance and proliferation scores (r = 0.52, 0.56, and 0.6, respectively with p < 0.001). Locoregional control association analyses revealed that chronic (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 3.9) and acute hypoxia (HR = 1.9), followed by stem cell-ness (CD44/SLC3A2; HR = 2.2/2.3), were the strongest and most robust determinants of radiation response. Furthermore, multivariable analysis, considering other biological and clinical factors, reveal a significant role for EGFR expression (HR = 2.9, p < 0.05) and T-cell infiltration (CD8+T-cells: HR = 2.2, p < 0.05; CD8+T-cells/Treg: HR = 2.6, p < 0.01) signatures in locoregional control of chemoradiotherapy-treated HNSCC. Conclusion: Tumor acute and chronic hypoxia, stem cell-ness, and CD8+ T-cell parameters are relevant and largely independent biological factors that together contribute to locoregional control. The combined analyses illustrate the additive value of multifactorial analyses and support a role for EGFR expression analysis and immune cell markers in addition to previously validated biomarkers. This external validation underscores the relevance of biological factors in determining chemoradiotherapy outcome in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van der Heijden
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul B M Essers
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique C de Jong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinout H de Roest
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Sanduleanu
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline V M Verhagen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Olga Hamming-Vrieze
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank Hoebers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The D-Lab and The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Harry Bartelink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel W M van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Dubois C, Martin F, Hassel C, Magnier F, Daumar P, Aubel C, Guerder S, Mounetou E, Penault-Lorca F, Bamdad M. Low-Dose and Long-Term Olaparib Treatment Sensitizes MDA-MB-231 and SUM1315 Triple-Negative Breast Cancers Spheroids to Fractioned Radiotherapy. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010064. [PMID: 31888054 PMCID: PMC7019977 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Triple-Negative Breast Cancer subtype (TNBC) is particularly aggressive and heterogeneous. Thus, Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase inhibitors were developed to improve the prognosis of patients and treatment protocols are still being evaluated. In this context, we modelized the efficacy of Olaparib (i.e., 5 and 50 µM), combined with fractioned irradiation (i.e., 5 × 2 Gy) on two aggressive TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 (BRCAness) and SUM1315 (BRCA1-mutated). In 2D cell culture and for both models, the clonogenicity drop was 95-fold higher after 5 µM Olaparib and 10 Gy irradiation than Olaparib treatment alone and was only 2-fold higher after 50 µM and 10 Gy. Similar responses were obtained on TNBC tumor-like spheroid models after 10 days of co-treatment. Indeed, the ratio of metabolic activity decrease was of 1.2 for SUM1315 and 3.3 for MDA-MB-231 after 5 µM and 10 Gy and of only 0.9 (both models) after 50 µM and 10 Gy. MDA-MB-231, exhibiting a strong proliferation profile and an overexpression of AURKA, was more sensitive to the co-treatment than SUM1315 cell line, with a stem-cell like phenotype. These results suggest that, with the studied models, the potentiation of Olaparib treatment could be reached with low-dose and long-term exposure combined with fractioned irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Dubois
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; (C.D.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Fanny Martin
- Département de Radiothérapie, Centre Jean Perrin, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Chervin Hassel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM, UMR 1043/CNRS UMR 5282, Antigen Presenting Cells and CD4 T cell responses, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Magnier
- Service de Physique Médicale, Centre Jean Perrin, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Daumar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Aubel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Guerder
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM, UMR 1043/CNRS UMR 5282, Antigen Presenting Cells and CD4 T cell responses, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mounetou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Lorca
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; (C.D.)
| | - Mahchid Bamdad
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-7317-7077
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42
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van der Noll R, Jager A, Ang JE, Marchetti S, Mergui-Roelvink MWJ, de Bono JS, Lolkema MP, de Jonge MJA, van der Biessen DA, Brunetto AT, Arkenau HT, Tchakov I, Beijnen JH, De Grève J, Schellens JHM. Phase I study of intermittent olaparib capsule or tablet dosing in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel (part 2). Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:1096-1107. [PMID: 31637669 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background In the first part of this extensive phase I study (NCT00516724), continuous olaparib twice daily (bid) with carboplatin and/or paclitaxel resulted in myelosuppression and dose modifications. Here, we report the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intermittent olaparib dosing combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Methods Patients with advanced solid tumors (part D) and enriched for ovarian and breast cancer (part E) received olaparib (capsule and tablet formulations) using intermittent schedules (2 to 10 days of a 21-day cycle) combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel. Safety assessments included evaluation of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs; cycle 1 only), adverse events (AEs), and physical examinations. Pharmacokinetic assessments of olaparib capsule and tablet combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel were performed. Tumor responses (RECIST) were assessed every 2 cycles. Results In total, 132 heavily pre-treated patients were included. One DLT of grade 3 elevated alanine aminotransferase lasting for 8 days was reported (olaparib tablet 100 mg bid days 3-12, carboplatin area under the curve 4 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2). The most common hematological AEs were neutropenia (47%) and thrombocytopenia (39%), which frequently led to dose modifications. Non-hematological AEs were predominantly grade 1-2, including alopecia (89%) and fatigue (84%). Overall objective response rate was 46%. Conclusions Discontinuous dosing of olaparib resulted in significant myelosuppression leading to dose interruptions and/or delays. Anti-tumor activity was encouraging in patients enriched with BRCA-mutated breast and ovarian cancer. The most appropriate olaparib tablet dose for use in further studies evaluating olaparib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel is 50 mg bid (days 1-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud van der Noll
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joo Ern Ang
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Serena Marchetti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja W J Mergui-Roelvink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Maja J A de Jonge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diane A van der Biessen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre T Brunetto
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Ilian Tchakov
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Park Estate, Macclesfield, SK10 4TF, UK.,Eisai, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, AL10 9SN, UK
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Domplein 29, 3512 JE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques De Grève
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Domplein 29, 3512 JE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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43
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Lee TW, Wong WW, Dickson BD, Lipert B, Cheng GJ, Hunter FW, Hay MP, Wilson WR. Radiosensitization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines by DNA-PK inhibitors is more effective than PARP-1 inhibition and is enhanced by SLFN11 and hypoxia. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1597-1612. [PMID: 31490091 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1664787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose: Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) play key roles in the repair of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks, but it is unclear which is the preferred therapeutic target in radiotherapy. Here we compare small molecule inhibitors of both as radiosensitizers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines.Methods: Two PARP1 inhibitors (olaparib, veliparib) and two DNA-PK inhibitors (KU57788, IC87361) were tested in 14 HNSCC cell lines and two non-tumorigenic lines (HEK-293 and WI-38/Va-13), with drug exposure for 6 or 24 h post-irradiation, using regrowth assays. For three lines (UT-SCC-54C, -74B, -76B), radiosensitization was also assessed by clonogenic assay under oxia and acute (6 h) anoxia, and for 54C cells under chronic hypoxia (0.2% O2 for 48 h). Relationships between sensitizer enhancement ratios (SER) and gene expression, assessed by RNA sequencing, were evaluated.Results: The inhibitors were minimally cytotoxic in the absence of radiation, with 74B and 54C cells the most sensitive to both olaparib and KU57788. Median SER values for each inhibitor at 1.1 µM were 1.12 (range 1.02-1.24) for olaparib, 1.08 (1.04-1.13) for veliparib, 1.35 (1.10-1.64) for IC87361 and 1.77 (1.41-2.38) for KU57788. The higher SER values for the DNA-PK inhibitors were observed with all cell lines (except HEK-293) and all concentrations tested and were confirmed by clonogenic assay. Radiosensitization by the DNA-PK inhibitors correlated with expression of SLFN11 mRNA. Radiosensitization by IC87361 and olaparib was significantly enhanced under acute anoxia and chronic hypoxia.Conclusions: The DNA-PK inhibitors KU57788 and IC87361 are more effective radiosensitizers than the PARP-1 inhibitors olaparib and veliparib at non-cytotoxic concentrations in HNSCC cell cultures and their activity is enhanced by SLFN11 and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tet Woo Lee
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Way Wua Wong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin D Dickson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Lipert
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gary J Cheng
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Francis W Hunter
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Hay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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44
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de Haan R, van Werkhoven E, van den Heuvel M, Peulen HMU, Sonke GS, Elkhuizen P, van den Brekel MWM, Tesselaar MET, Vens C, Schellens JHM, van Triest B, Verheij M. Study protocols of three parallel phase 1 trials combining radical radiotherapy with the PARP inhibitor olaparib. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:901. [PMID: 31500595 PMCID: PMC6734274 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are promising novel radiosensitisers. Pre-clinical models have demonstrated potent and tumour-specific radiosensitisation by PARP inhibitors. Olaparib is a PARP inhibitor with a favourable safety profile in comparison to clinically used radiosensitisers including cisplatin when used as single agent. However, data on safety, tolerability and efficacy of olaparib in combination with radiotherapy are limited. METHODS Olaparib is dose escalated in combination with radical (chemo-)radiotherapy regimens for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in three parallel single institution phase 1 trials. All trials investigate a combination treatment of olaparib and radiotherapy, the NSCLC trial also investigates a triple combination of olaparib, radiotherapy and concurrent low dose cisplatin. The primary objective is to identify the maximum tolerated dose of olaparib in these combination treatments, defined as the dose closest to but not exceeding a 15% probability of dose limiting toxicity. Each trial has a separate dose limiting toxicity definition, taking into account incidence, duration and severity of expected toxicities without olaparib. Dose escalation is performed using a time-to-event continual reassessment method (TITE-CRM). TITE-CRM enables the incorporation of late onset toxicity until one year after treatment in the dose limiting toxicity definition while maintaining an acceptable trial duration. Olaparib treatment starts two days before radiotherapy and continues during weekends until two days after radiotherapy. Olaparib will also be given two weeks and one week before radiotherapy in the breast cancer trial and HNSCC trial respectively to allow for translational research. Toxicity is scored using common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 4.03. Blood samples, and tumour biopsies in the breast cancer trial, are collected for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses. DISCUSSION We designed three parallel phase 1 trials to assess the safety and tolerability of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in combination with radical (chemo-)radiotherapy treatment regimens. PARP inhibitors have the potential to improve outcomes in patients treated with radical (chemo-)radiotherapy, by achieving higher locoregional control rates and/or less treatment associated toxicity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01562210 (registered March 23, 2012), NCT02227082 (retrospectively registered August 27, 2014), NCT02229656 (registered September 1, 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- R. de Haan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. van Werkhoven
- Department of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M.M. van den Heuvel
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX The Netherlands
| | - H. M. U. Peulen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. S. Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Elkhuizen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. W. M. van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. E. T. Tesselaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. Vens
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. H. M. Schellens
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B. van Triest
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Verheij
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy: A thirty years evolution. Cancer Radiother 2019; 23:662-665. [PMID: 31473087 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2019.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy is now considered the standard of care for many locally advanced diseases. Cytotoxic drugs have been largely evaluated in this setting, with cisplatin and 5FU the most often used drugs. A large amount of pre-clinical studies has demonstrated the synergy between both modalities. Concomitant administration seems the more beneficial in many diseases. Emergence of new approaches, combining targeted therapies and radiotherapy (RT) is now a reality. The main example is the association of cetuximab and RT in head and neck carcinomas, even if, 14 years after the initial publication, the best way to use it is still unknown. New compounds as inhibitors of DNA-repair or immune checkpoints are under investigation and showed early promising results.
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46
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Przybycinski J, Nalewajska M, Marchelek-Mysliwiec M, Dziedziejko V, Pawlik A. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) as a therapeutic target in the treatment of selected cancers. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:773-785. [PMID: 31394942 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1654458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The implementation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for therapy has created potential treatments for a wide spectrum of malignancies involving DNA damage repair gene abnormalities. PARPs are a group of enzymes that are responsible for detecting and repairing DNA damage and therefore play a key role in maintaining cell function and integrity. PARP inhibitors are drugs that target DNA repair deficiencies. Inhibiting PARP activity in cancer cells causes cell death. Areas covered: This review summarizes the role of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. We performed a systematic literature search in February 2019 in the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE. Our search terms were the following: PARP, PARP inhibitors, PARPi, Poly ADP ribose polymerase, cancer treatment. We discuss PARP inhibitors currently being investigated in cancer clinical trials, their safety profiles, clinical resistance, combined therapeutic approaches and future challenges. Expert Opinion: The future could bring novel PARP inhibitors with greater DNA trapping potential, better safety profiles and improved combined therapies involving hormonal, chemo-, radio- or immunotherapies. Progress may afford wider indications for PARP inhibitors in the treatment of cancer and the utilization for cancer prevention in high-risk mutation carriers. Research efforts should focus on identifying novel drugs that target DNA repair deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Przybycinski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Magdalena Nalewajska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | | | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
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47
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Dok R, Bamps M, Glorieux M, Zhao P, Sablina A, Nuyts S. Radiosensitization approaches for HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1075-1085. [PMID: 31283004 PMCID: PMC6973261 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most used treatment approaches for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Targeted inhibition of DNA repair machinery has the potential to improve treatment response by tailoring treatment to cancer cells lacking specific DNA repair pathways. Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative and HPV‐positive HNSCCs respond differently to radiotherapy treatment, suggesting that different approaches of DNA repair inhibition should be employed for these HNSCC groups. Here, we searched for optimal radiosensitization approaches for HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative HNSCCs by performing a targeted CRISPR‐Cas9 screen. We found that inhibition of base excision repair resulted in a better radiotherapy response in HPV‐positive HNSCC, which is correlated with upregulation of genes involved in base excision repair. In contrast, inhibition of nonhomologous end‐joining and mismatch repair showed strong effects in both HNSCC groups. We validated the screen results by combining radiotherapy with targeted inhibition of DNA repair in several preclinical models including primary and recurrent patient‐derived HNSCC xenografts. These findings underline the importance of stratifying HNSCC patients for combination treatments. What's new? The combination of radiotherapy and targeted inhibition of DNA repair pathways can potentially improve therapeutic response in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, a targeted CRISPR‐Cas9 screen was used to identify optimal radiosensitization approaches for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive and HPV‐negative HNSCC. Inhibition of base excision repair was associated with improved radiotherapy response in HPV‐positive HNSCC cells. By comparison, inhibition of non‐homologous end‐joining and mismatch repair was effective in both HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative cells. The screen results were validated in patient‐derived xenograft models, suggesting that stratification of HNSCC patients by HPV status may benefit therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüveyda Dok
- Department of OncologyKU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marieke Bamps
- Department of OncologyKU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mary Glorieux
- Department of OncologyKU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Peihua Zhao
- Department of OncologyKU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anna Sablina
- Department of OncologyKU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Department of OncologyKU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Radiation OncologyUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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48
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Clements KE, Thakar T, Nicolae CM, Liang X, Wang HG, Moldovan GL. Loss of E2F7 confers resistance to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA2-deficient cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8898-8907. [PMID: 30032296 PMCID: PMC6158596 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA proteins are essential for homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair, and their germline or somatic inactivation is frequently observed in human tumors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of BRCA-deficient tumors to chemotherapy is paramount for developing improved personalized cancer therapies. While PARP inhibitors have been recently approved for treatment of BRCA-mutant breast and ovarian cancers, not all patients respond to this therapy, and resistance to these novel drugs remains a major clinical problem. Several mechanisms of chemoresistance in BRCA2-deficient cells have been identified. Rather than restoring normal recombination, these mechanisms result in stabilization of stalled replication forks, which can be subjected to degradation in BRCA2-mutated cells. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor E2F7 modulates the chemosensitivity of BRCA2-deficient cells. We found that BRCA2-deficient cells are less sensitive to PARP inhibitor and cisplatin treatment after E2F7 depletion. Moreover, we show that the mechanism underlying this activity involves increased expression of RAD51, a target for E2F7-mediated transcriptional repression, which enhances both HR DNA repair, and replication fork stability in BRCA2-deficient cells. Our work describes a new mechanism of therapy resistance in BRCA2-deficient cells, and identifies E2F7 as a putative biomarker for tumor response to PARP inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Clements
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Tanay Thakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Claudia M Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Xinwen Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Ma X, Dang C, Min W, Diao Y, Hui W, Wang X, Dai Z, Wang X, Kang H. Downregulation of APE1 potentiates breast cancer cells to olaparib by inhibiting PARP-1 expression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 176:109-117. [PMID: 30989461 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting DNA repair mechanisms to induce apoptosis may be a promising strategy for breast cancer treatment. Olaparib is proved to have anticancer effect by inhibiting DNA repairing protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). However, the cytotoxicity of olaparib is very limited to homologous recombination-proficient cells. This study aims to examine the effect and mechanism of olaparib treatment in breast cancer cell lines. METHODS We investigated the cytotoxic effect of various doses of olaparib treatment to MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells in vitro. mRNA and protein levels of PARP and APE1 were examined by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. APE1-deficient cell lines were created by RNA interference and used for in vitro cytotoxicity study as well as in vivo study. RESULTS 2 µM or higher concentrations of olaparib lead to significant cell death and ROS production. Moreover, olaparib treatment not only inhibits PARP1, but also reduces the expression of APE1 in both mRNA and protein levels. Deficiency of APE1 resulted in increased sensitivity of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells to olaparib treatment. In vivo study showed that reduction of APE1 significantly reduced the volume and weight of MCF-7 xenografted tumors when treated with olaparib, which suggests the synergistic function of inhibition of APE1 in promoting antitumor effects of olaparib treatment. CONCLUSION To acquire better benefits for HR-proficient breast cancer patients, developing chemotherapeutic drugs antagonize APE1 would be an effective strategy to improve the clinical outcome of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weili Min
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Diao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Wentao Hui
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Xijing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China.
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50
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DuRoss AN, Neufeld MJ, Rana S, Thomas CR, Sun C. Integrating nanomedicine into clinical radiotherapy regimens. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:35-56. [PMID: 31279729 PMCID: PMC6745263 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While the advancement of clinical radiotherapy was driven by technological innovations throughout the 20th century, continued improvement relies on rational combination therapies derived from biological insights. In this review, we highlight the importance of combination radiotherapy in the era of precision medicine. Specifically, we survey and summarize the areas of research where improved understanding in cancer biology will propel the field of radiotherapy forward by allowing integration of novel nanotechnology-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N DuRoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Megan J Neufeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Shushan Rana
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Charles R Thomas
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Conroy Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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