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Yamashita K, Yasui H, Bo T, Fujimoto M, Inanami O. Mechanism of the Radioresistant Colorectal Cancer Cell Line SW480RR Established after Fractionated X Irradiation. Radiat Res 2024; 202:38-50. [PMID: 38779845 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Radioresistant cancer cells are risk factors for recurrence and are occasionally detected in recurrent tumors after radiotherapy. Intratumor heterogeneity is believed to be a potential cause of treatment resistance. Heterogeneity in DNA content has also been reported in human colorectal cancer; however, little is known about how such heterogeneity changes with radiotherapy or how it affects cancer radioresistance. In the present study, we established radioresistant clone SW480RR cells after fractionated X-ray irradiation of human colorectal cancer-derived SW480.hu cells, which are composed of two cell populations with different chromosome numbers, and examined how cellular radioresistance changed with fractionated radiotherapy. Compared with the parental cell population, which mostly comprised cells with higher ploidy, the radioresistant clones showed lower ploidy and less initial DNA damage. The lower ploidy cells in the parental cell population were identified as having radioresistance prior to irradiation; thus, SW480RR cells were considered intrinsically radioresistant cells selected from the parental population through fractionated irradiation. This study presents a practical example of the emergence of radioresistant cells from a cell population with ploidy heterogeneity after irradiation. The most likely mechanism is the selection of an intrinsically radioresistant population after fractionated X-ray irradiation, with a background in which lower ploidy cells exhibit lower initial DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Yamashita
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Bo
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Inanami
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Lambing S, Tan YP, Vasileiadou P, Holdenrieder S, Müller P, Hagen C, Garbe S, Behrendt R, Schlee M, van den Boorn JG, Bartok E, Renn M, Hartmann G. RIG-I immunotherapy overcomes radioresistance in p53-positive malignant melanoma. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad001. [PMID: 36626927 PMCID: PMC10394996 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy induces DNA damage, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and activation of cell-intrinsic death pathways. However, the radioresistance of some tumour entities such as malignant melanoma limits its clinical application. The innate immune sensing receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is ubiquitously expressed and upon activation triggers an immunogenic form of cell death in a variety of tumour cell types including melanoma. To date, the potential of RIG-I ligands to overcome radioresistance of tumour cells has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that RIG-I activation enhanced the extent and immunogenicity of irradiation-induced tumour cell death in human and murine melanoma cells in vitro and improved survival in the murine B16 melanoma model in vivo. Transcriptome analysis pointed to a central role for p53, which was confirmed using p53-/- B16 cells. In vivo, the additional effect of RIG-I in combination with irradiation on tumour growth was absent in mice carrying p53-/- B16 tumours, while the antitumoural response to RIG-I stimulation alone was maintained. Our results identify p53 as a pivotal checkpoint that is triggered by RIG-I resulting in enhanced irradiation-induced tumour cell death. Thus, the combined administration of RIG-I ligands and radiotherapy is a promising approach to treating radioresistant tumours with a functional p53 pathway, such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Lambing
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Yu Pan Tan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Paraskevi Vasileiadou
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Christian Hagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Stephan Garbe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Martin Schlee
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Jasper G van den Boorn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Unit of Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Marcel Renn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
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Sham NFR, Hasani NAH, Hasan N, Karim MKA, Fuad SBSA, Hasbullah HH, Ibahim MJ. Acquired radioresistance in EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cell line is mediated by CTLA-4 and PD-1 through JAK/STAT/PI3K pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3108. [PMID: 36813833 PMCID: PMC9946948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer recurrence is often associated with the acquisition of radioresistance by cancer tissues due to failure in radiotherapy. The underlying mechanism leading to the development of acquired radioresistance in the EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cell line and the potential pathway involved was investigated by comparing differential gene expressions between parental and acquired radioresistance cells. EMT6 cell line was exposed to 2 Gy/per cycle of gamma-ray and the survival fraction between EMT6-treated and parental cells was compared. EMT6RR_MJI (acquired radioresistance) cells was developed after 8 cycles of fractionated irradiation. The development of EMT6RR_MJI cells was confirmed with further irradiation at different doses of gamma-ray, and both the survival fraction and migration rates were measured. Higher survival fraction and migration rates were obtained in EMT6RR_MJI cells after exposure to 4 Gy and 8 Gy gamma-ray irradiations compared to their parental cells. Gene expression between EMT6RR_MJI and parental cells was compared, and 16 genes identified to possess more than tenfold changes were selected and validated using RT-PCR. Out of these genes, 5 were significantly up-regulated i.e., IL-6, PDL-1, AXL, GAS6 and APCDD1. Based on pathway analysis software, the development of acquired radioresistance in EMT6RR_MJI was hypothesized through JAK/STAT/PI3K pathway. Presently, CTLA-4 and PD-1 were determined to be associated with JAK/STAT/PI3K pathway, where both their expressions were significantly increased in EMT6RR_MJI compared to parental cells in the 1st, 4th and 8th cycle of radiation. As a conclusion, the current findings provided a mechanistic platform for the development of acquired radioresistance in EMT6RR_MJI through overexpression of CTLA-4 and PD-1, and novel knowledge on therapeutic targets for recurrent radioresistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatihah Ronny Sham
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Narimah Abdul Hamid Hasani
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurhaslina Hasan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Syed Baharom Syed Ahmad Fuad
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Harissa Husainy Hasbullah
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Johari Ibahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Qian X, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Fan P. Downregulation of MACC1 facilitates the reversal effect of verapamil on the chemoresistance to active metabolite of irinotecan in human colon cancer cells. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11294. [PMID: 36345514 PMCID: PMC9636468 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the reversal effect of verapamil (VER) on chemoresistance to irinotecan (CPT-11) in human colon cancer cells and relevant mechanisms. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) test and colony-forming unit (CFU) experiment results show that VER strengthens the sensitivity of human colon cancer cell line HT29 to CPT-11 but has a small effect on SW480 cells. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing, RT-PCR, and Western blot results show that the inhibition of metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) expression by VER is the key factor for reversal effect on chemoresistance to CPT-11. Transfection experiments further show that VER can reverse the resistance of human colon cancer cells to SN-38, the active metabolite of CPT-11, when MACC1 is overexpressed. The nude mouse transplantation tumor experiment provides an in vivo proof that VER can strengthen sensitivity to CPT-11 in drug-resistant human colon cancer cells, and the effect might be related to the inhibited expression of MACC1. In summary, VER might strengthen the reversal effect of VER on chemoresistance to CPT-11 in human colon cancer cells and facilitate the apoptosis of human colon cancer cells by downregulating MACC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Qian
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Department of Oncology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Tengyue Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Pingsheng Fan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Corresponding author.
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5
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Ali MY, Oliva CR, Flor S, Goswami PC, Griguer CE. Cytochrome c oxidase mediates labile iron level and radioresistance in glioblastoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:25-35. [PMID: 35476930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for glioblastoma (GBM), yet the initial effectiveness of radiotherapy is eventually lost due to the development of adaptive radioresistance during fractionated radiation therapy. Defining the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the adaptive radioresistance in GBM is necessary for the development of effective treatment options. The cellular labile iron pool (LIP) is very important for determining the cellular response to radiation, as it contributes to radiation-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as lipid radicals through Fenton reactions. Recently, cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), a mitochondrial heme-containing enzyme also involved in regulating ROS production, was found to be involved in GBM chemoresistance. However, the role of LIP and CcO in GBM radioresistance is not known. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that CcO-mediated alterations in the level of labile iron contribute to adaptive radioresistance. Using an in vitro model of GBM adaptive radioresistance, we found an increase in CcO activity in radioresistant cells that associated with a decrease in the cellular LIP, decrease in lipid peroxidation, and a switch in the CcO subunit 4 (COX4) isoform expressed, from COX4-2 to COX4-1. Furthermore, knockdown of COX4-1 in radioresistant GBM cells decreased CcO activity and restored radiosensitivity, whereas overexpression of COX4-1 in radiosensitive cells increased CcO activity and rendered the cells radioresistant. Overexpression of COX4-1 in radiosensitive cells also significantly reduced the cellular LIP and lipid peroxidation. Pharmacological manipulation of the cellular labile iron level using iron chelators altered CcO activity and the radiation response. Overall, these results demonstrate a mechanistic link between CcO activity and LIP in GBM radioresistance and identify the CcO subunit isoform switch from COX4-2 to COX4-1 as a novel biochemical node for adaptive radioresistance of GBM. Manipulation of CcO and the LIP may restore the sensitivity to radiation in radioresistant GBM cells and thereby provide a strategy to improve therapeutic outcome in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf Ali
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Claudia R Oliva
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Susanne Flor
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Prabhat C Goswami
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Corinne E Griguer
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Ghaderi N, Jung J, Brüningk SC, Subramanian A, Nassour L, Peacock J. A Century of Fractionated Radiotherapy: How Mathematical Oncology Can Break the Rules. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031316. [PMID: 35163240 PMCID: PMC8836217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is involved in 50% of all cancer treatments and 40% of cancer cures. Most of these treatments are delivered in fractions of equal doses of radiation (Fractional Equivalent Dosing (FED)) in days to weeks. This treatment paradigm has remained unchanged in the past century and does not account for the development of radioresistance during treatment. Even if under-optimized, deviating from a century of successful therapy delivered in FED can be difficult. One way of exploring the infinite space of fraction size and scheduling to identify optimal fractionation schedules is through mathematical oncology simulations that allow for in silico evaluation. This review article explores the evidence that current fractionation promotes the development of radioresistance, summarizes mathematical solutions to account for radioresistance, both in the curative and non-curative setting, and reviews current clinical data investigating non-FED fractionated radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ghaderi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Joseph Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Sarah C. Brüningk
- Machine Learning & Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ajay Subramanian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Lauren Nassour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Peacock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Kuwahara Y, Tomita K, Roudkenar MH, Roushandeh AM, Urushihara Y, Igarashi K, Kurimasa A, Sato T. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential is an indicator of radioresistant cancer cells. Life Sci 2021; 286:120051. [PMID: 34666039 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To overcome radioresistant cancer cells, clinically relevant radioresistant (CRR) cells were established. To maintain their radioresistance, CRR cells were exposed 2 Gy/day of X-rays daily (maintenance irradiation: MI). To understand whether the radioresistance induced by X-rays was reversible or irreversible, the difference between CRR cells and those without MI for a year (CRR-NoIR cells) was investigated by the mitochondrial function as an index. MAIN METHODS Radiation sensitivity was determined by modified high density survival assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was determined by 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1', tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbo-cyanine iodide (JC-1) staining. Rapid Glucose-Galactose assay was performed to determine the shift in their energy metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in CRR cells. Involvement of prohibitin-1 (PHB1) in Δψm was evaluated by knockdown of PHB1 gene followed by real-time PCR. KEY FINDINGS CRR cells that exhibited resistant to 2 Gy/day X-ray lost their radioresistance after more than one year of culture without MI for a year. In addition, CRR cells lost their radioresistance when the mitochondria were activated by galactose. Furthermore, Δψm were increased and PHB1 expression was down-regulated, in the process of losing their radioresistance. SIGNIFICANCE Our finding reveled that tune regulation of mitochondrial function is implicated in radioresistance phenotype of cancer cells. Moreover, as our findings indicate, though further studies are required to clarify the precise mechanisms underlying cancer cell radioresistance, radioresistant cells induced by irradiation and cancer stem cells that are originally radioresistant should be considered separately, the radioresistance of CRR cells is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan; Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan; Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Yusuke Urushihara
- Department of Radiation Biology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba, Snedai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Ben Kacem M, Benadjaoud MA, Dos Santos M, Buard V, Tarlet G, Le Guen B, François A, Guipaud O, Milliat F, Paget V. Variation of 4 MV X-ray dose rate in fractionated irradiation strongly impacts biological endothelial cell response in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:50-59. [PMID: 34705615 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.1998703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Even though X-ray beams are widely used in medical diagnosis or radiotherapy, the comparisons of their dose rates are scarce. We have recently demonstrated in vitro (clonogenic assay, cell viability, cell cycle, senescence) and in vivo (weight follow-up of animals and bordering epithelium staining of lesion), that for a single dose of irradiation, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) deviates from 1 (up to twofold greater severe damage at the highest dose rate depending on the assay) when increasing the dose rate of high energy X-ray beams. MATERIAL AND METHODS To further investigate the impact of the dose rate on RBE, in this study, we performed in vitro fractionated irradiations by using the same two dose rates (0.63 and 2.5 Gy.min-1) of high-energy X-rays (both at 4 MV) on normal endothelial cells (HUVECs). We investigated the viability/mortality, characterized radiation-induced senescence by using flow cytometry and measured gene analysis deregulations on custom arrays. RESULTS The overall results enlighten that, in fractionated irradiations when varying the dose rate of high-energy X-rays, the RBE of photons deviates from 1 (up to 2.86 for viability/mortality experiments performed 21 days postirradiation). CONCLUSION These results strengthen the interest of multiparametric analysis approaches in providing an accurate evaluation of the outcomes of irradiated cells in support of clonogenic assays, especially when such assays are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ben Kacem
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mohamed A Benadjaoud
- Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Morgane Dos Santos
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of Radiobiology of Accidental exposures (LRAcc), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Georges Tarlet
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - A François
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - O Guipaud
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - F Milliat
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of MEDical Radiobiology (LRMed), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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9
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Goedegebuure RSA, Kleibeuker EA, Buffa FM, Castricum KCM, Haider S, Schulkens IA, Ten Kroode L, van den Berg J, Jacobs MAJM, van Berkel AM, van Grieken NCT, Derks S, Slotman BJ, Verheul HMW, Harris AL, Thijssen VL. Interferon- and STING-independent induction of type I interferon stimulated genes during fractionated irradiation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:161. [PMID: 33964942 PMCID: PMC8106844 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvement of radiotherapy efficacy requires better insight in the dynamic responses that occur during irradiation. Here, we aimed to identify the molecular responses that are triggered during clinically applied fractionated irradiation. METHODS Gene expression analysis was performed by RNAseq or microarray analysis of cancer cells or xenograft tumors, respectively, subjected to 3-5 weeks of 5 × 2 Gy/week. Validation of altered gene expression was performed by qPCR and/or ELISA in multiple cancer cell lines as well as in pre- and on-treatment biopsies from esophageal cancer patients ( NCT02072720 ). Targeted protein inhibition and CRISPR/Cas-induced gene knockout was used to analyze the role of type I interferons and cGAS/STING signaling pathway in the molecular and cellular response to fractionated irradiation. RESULTS Gene expression analysis identified type I interferon signaling as the most significantly enriched biological process induced during fractionated irradiation. The commonality of this response was confirmed in all irradiated cell lines, the xenograft tumors and in biopsies from esophageal cancer patients. Time-course analyses demonstrated a peak in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression within 2-3 weeks of treatment. The response was accompanied by a variable induction of predominantly interferon-beta and/or -lambda, but blocking these interferons did not affect ISG expression induction. The same was true for targeted inhibition of the upstream regulatory STING protein while knockout of STING expression only delayed the ISG expression induction. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the presented data show that clinically applied fractionated low-dose irradiation can induce a delayed type I interferon response that occurs independently of interferon expression or STING signaling. These findings have implications for current efforts that aim to target the type I interferon response for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben S A Goedegebuure
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther A Kleibeuker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kitty C M Castricum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Syed Haider
- Department of Molecular Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iris A Schulkens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Ten Kroode
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap van den Berg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten A J M Jacobs
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie van Berkel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Noord West Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole C T van Grieken
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Derks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J Slotman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Molecular Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victor L Thijssen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Riedel A, Klumpp L, Menegakis A, De-Colle C, Huber SM, Schittenhelm J, Neumann M, Noell S, Tatagiba M, Zips D. γH2AX foci assay in glioblastoma: Surgical specimen versus corresponding stem cell culture. Radiother Oncol 2021; 159:119-125. [PMID: 33775712 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess radiation response using γH2AX assay in surgical specimens from glioblastoma (GB) patients and their corresponding primary gliosphere culture. To test the hypothesis that gliospheres (stem cell enriched) are more resistant than specimens (bulky cell dominated) but that the interpatient heterogeneity is similar. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten pairs of specimens and corresponding gliospheres derived from patients with IDH-wildtype GB were studied. Specimens and gliospheres were irradiated with graded doses and after 24 h the number of residual γH2AX foci was counted. RESULTS Gliospheres showed a higher Nestin expression than specimens and exhibited two different phenotypes: free floating (n = 7) and attached (n = 3). Slope analysis revealed an interpatient heterogeneity with values between 0.15 and 1.30 residual γH2AX foci/Gy. Free-floating spheres were more resistant than their parental specimens (median slope 0.13 foci/Gy versus 0.53) as well as than the attached spheres (2.14). The slopes of free floating spheres did not correlate with their corresponding specimens while a trend for a positive correlation was found for the attached spheres and the respective specimens. Association with MGMT did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Consistent with the clinical phenotype and our previous experiments, GB specimens show low radiation sensitivity. Stem-cell enriched free-floating gliospheres were more resistant than specimens supporting the concept of radioresistance in stem cell-like cells. The lack of correlation between specimens and their respective gliosphere cultures needs validation and may have a profound impact on future translational studies using γH2AX as a potential biomarker for personalized radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Riedel
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klumpp
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Apostolos Menegakis
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Cell Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara De-Colle
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Division of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Division of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susan Noell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Wang X, Cao Q, Shi Y, Wu X, Mi Y, Liu K, Kan Q, Fan R, Liu Z, Zhang M. Identification of low-dose radiation-induced exosomal circ-METRN and miR-4709-3p/GRB14/PDGFRα pathway as a key regulatory mechanism in Glioblastoma progression and radioresistance: Functional validation and clinical theranostic significance. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1061-1078. [PMID: 33867829 PMCID: PMC8040305 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a central nervous malignancy with a very poor prognosis. This study attempted to explore the role of exosomes induced by low-dose radiation-induced (ldrEXOs) and ldrEXOs-derived circ-METRN in glioblastoma progression and radioresistance at the molecular, cellular, animal, and clinical levels. Results in the present study revealed that low-dose radiation stimulated the secretion of ldrEXOs which delivered high levels of circ-METRN. And circ-METRN-abundant ldrEXOs increased the expression of γ-H2AX, indicating an efficient DNA damage-repair process in glioblastoma cells. The ldrEXOs-derived circ-METRN enhanced the glioblastoma progression and radioresistance via miR-4709-3p/GRB14/PDGFRα pathway. Up-regulating PDGFRα can rescue the tumor-promoting function of ldrEXOs in groups previously treated with inhibition of GRB14. Additionally, in-vivo experiments revealed that treatments with ldrEXOs promoted the growth of xenografted tumors and shortened the survival period. Furthermore, clinical researches indicated that circ-METRN may be transported into the bloodstream by exosomes in the early stages of fractionated radiotherapy. It has important clinical values to detect the serum exosomal circ-METRN in the early stage of radiotherapy, which is not only conducive to predict radioresistance and prognosis but also to assist MRI diagnosis in detecting the very early recurrence of glioblastoma. In summary, this study reveals for the first time that low-dose radiation-induced exosomal circ-METRN plays an oncogenic role in glioblastoma progression and radioresistance through miR-4709-3p/GRB14/PDGFRα pathway, providing mechanistic insights into the roles of circRNAs and a valuable marker for therapeutic targets in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinchen Cao
- Department of Radiation Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Department of Radiation Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Mi
- Department of Radiation Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Radiation Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacy and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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