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Alvarez-Lozada LA, Salinas-Puente EJ, Torres-De León RA, Arrambide-Garza FJ, Quiroga-Garza A, Elizondo-Riojas G, Elizondo-Omaña RE, Guzmán-López S, Treviño-Gonzalez JL. Initial evaluation and external validation of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in tubarial gland characterization. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:109975. [PMID: 37913955 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotracer 68Ga-PSMA-11 used in PET/CT scans allows for identification and localization of gland tissue. It allows for their consideration in clinical scenarios and to design further and stronger research to answer pertinent questions regarding their function and implications. We aimed to externally validate first reported findings of location, size, and ligand uptake of the tubarial glands using 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT studies of patients with prostate cancer confirmed diagnosis from the database of the Radiology Department from 2018 to 2022. The maximum cephalocaudal length (CCL) in the tubarial glands and the Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) of major glands were recorded. RESULTS A total of 202 patients were included (mean age 67.43 ± 8.5). The mean CCL of the tubarial glands was 37.38 ± 9.84 and a SUVmax of 6.56 ± 2.14. The rest of the glands were as follows: parotid 15.12 ± 4.43, submandibular 16.82 ± 5.43 and sublingual 5.84 ± 3.24. No differences were found between laterality. A weak correlation between age and SUVmax of tubarial glands was identified. Tubarial glands had a similar 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake to that of sublingual glands. CONCLUSION This study corroborates the existence of a conglomerate of glands in the nasopharynx roof, near the posterolateral pharyngeal recess. It serves as validation in a different population with similar results in previous research. Without 68GA-PSMA-11 PET/CT the abundance, configuration and potential clinical relevance of these glands would probably not have been identified. Radiotracer uptake was similar amongst the major salivary glands, with a more similar uptake to that shown by the sublingual gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Adrian Alvarez-Lozada
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Estefany Janeth Salinas-Puente
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine and University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Radiology Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alejandro Quiroga-Garza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Elizondo-Riojas
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine and University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Radiology Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Santos Guzmán-López
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - José Luis Treviño-Gonzalez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine and University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Sample C, Jung N, Rahmim A, Uribe C, Clark H. Development of a CT-Based Auto-Segmentation Model for Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography-Delineated Tubarial Glands. Cureus 2022; 14:e31060. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Takano K, Kurose M, Kamekura R, Kanda M, Yamamoto M, Takahashi H. Tubarial gland involvement in IgG4-related diseases. Acta Otolaryngol 2022; 142:616-619. [PMID: 35939626 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2022.2104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubarial glands (TGs) are a collection of unidentified salivary glands overlying the torus tubarius in the nasopharyngeal wall. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic fibroinflammatory state that often has multiple organ involvement. Involvement of the head and neck, especially the salivary glands, is common in IgG4-RD. AIMS/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate the clinical significance of TGs in IgG4-RD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the local findings of TGs in ten patients with IgG4-RD. RESULTS Nasopharyngeal endoscopic examination revealed oedematous swelling of the nasopharyngeal wall surrounding the TGs, which improved after steroid treatment. Moreover, sonotubometry showed a stenotic pattern in three out of seven patients with IgG4-RD. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE TGs may be involved in IgG4-RD. The swollen TGs may be responsible for obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical significance and physiological roles of TGs in IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurose
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kanda
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Li W, Wang JW, Fang X, Gao Y, Zhang WG, Yu GY. Further comments on the tubarial glands. Radiother Oncol 2022; 172:50-53. [PMID: 35568283 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, China
| | - Xuan Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China.
| | - Wei-Guang Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, China.
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, China.
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Mentis AFA, Chrousos GP. Tubarial Salivary Glands in Sjogren Syndrome: Are They Just a Potential Missing Link With No Broader Implications? Front Immunol 2021; 12:684490. [PMID: 34267754 PMCID: PMC8276103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- US National Academy of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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Matsusaka Y, Yamane T, Fukushima K, Seto A, Matsunari I, Kuji I. Can the function of the tubarial glands be evaluated using [ 99mTc]pertechnetate SPECT/CT, [ 18F]FDG PET/CT, and [ 11C]methionine PET/CT? EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:34. [PMID: 33788026 PMCID: PMC8012434 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tubarial glands (TGs) are recently reported as newly found salivary gland structures that can be organs at risk predominantly localized in the tori tubarius in the nasopharynx using prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT). The aims of this study were to analyze uptake in the TGs compared with that in the other salivary glands and palatine tonsils using [99mTc]pertechnetate SPECT/CT, [18F]FDG PET/CT, and [11C]methionine PET/CT and to confirm whether these three imaging modalities are useful in evaluating the physiological function of the TGs. Twelve and 130 patients, who underwent [99mTc]pertechnetate SPECT/CT and [18F]FDG/[11C]methionine PET/CT, respectively, were retrospectively included. [99mTc]pertechnetate uptake in the tori tubarius was visually assessed and semiquantitatively compared with that in the background, parotid salivary glands (PSGs), submandibular salivary glands (SmSGs), and sublingual salivary glands (SlSGs). Correlations of [18F]FDG and [11C]methionine uptakes in the tori tubarius with those in the other three salivary glands and palatine tonsils were analyzed. RESULTS [99mTc]pertechnetate uptake in the tori tubarius was invisible and was not significantly higher than that in the background. Both [18F]FDG and [11C]methionine uptakes in the tori tubarius were correlated with that in the palatine tonsils (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001; r = 0.48, p < 0.0001, respectively). [18F]FDG uptake in the tori tubarius was not positively correlated with that in the PSGs, SmSGs, and SlSGs (r = - 0.19, p = 0.03; r = - 0.02, p = 0.81; r = 0.12, p = 0.17, respectively). [11C]methionine uptake in the tori tubarius was correlated with that in the SmSGs and SlSGs (r = 0.24, p = 0.01; r = 0.32, p < 0.01, respectively), but not with that in the PSGs (r = 0.16, p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS The TGs were undetectable on [99mTc]pertechnetate SPECT/CT. Both [18F]FDG and [11C]methionine uptakes in the tori tubarius were clearly affected by that in the palatine tonsils and was little related to that in the other salivary glands. Therefore, it seems difficult to evaluate the physiological function of the TGs as salivary glands using [99mTc]pertechnetate SPECT/CT, [18F]FDG PET/CT, and [11C]methionine PET/CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohji Matsusaka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Yamane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Akira Seto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsunari
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Ichiei Kuji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
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