1
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Krieg D, Müller MT, Boldt R, Rennert M, Stommel M. Additive Free Crosslinking of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate via Electron Beam Irradiation at Elevated Temperatures. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4072. [PMID: 37896317 PMCID: PMC10610128 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When applying electron or gamma irradiation to poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB), main chain scissions are the dominant material reactions. Though propositions have been made that crosslinking in the amorphous phase of P3HB occurs under irradiation, a conclusive method to achieve controlled additive free irradiation crosslinking has not been shown and no mechanism has been derived to the best of our knowledge. By applying irradiation in a molten state at 195 °C and doses above 200 kGy, we were able to initiate crosslink reactions and achieved gel formation of up to 16%. The gel dose Dgel was determined to be 200 kGy and a range of the G values, the number of scissions and crosslinks for 100 eV energy deposition, is given. Rheology measurements, as well as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), showed indications for branching at doses from 100 to 250 kGy. Thermal analysis showed the development of a bimodal peak with a decrease in the peak melt temperature and an increase in peak width. In combination with an increase in the thermal degradation temperature for a dose of 200 kGy compared to 100 kGy, thermal analysis also showed phenomena attributed to branching and crosslinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Krieg
- Institute for Circular Economy of Bio:Polymers at Hof University (ibp), 95028 Hof, Germany;
| | - Michael Thomas Müller
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany; (M.T.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Regine Boldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany; (M.T.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Mirko Rennert
- Institute for Circular Economy of Bio:Polymers at Hof University (ibp), 95028 Hof, Germany;
| | - Markus Stommel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany; (M.T.M.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Material Science, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Lehner E, Honeder C, Knolle W, Binder W, Scheffler J, Plontke SK, Liebau A, Mäder K. Towards the optimization of drug delivery to the cochlear apex: Influence of polymer and drug selection in biodegradable intracochlear implants. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123268. [PMID: 37488058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
There is growing need for new drug delivery systems for intracochlear application of drugs to effectively treat inner ear disorders. In this study, we describe the development and characterization of biodegradable, triamcinolone-loaded implants based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA) respectively, prepared by hot-melt extrusion. PEG 1500 was used as a plasticizer to improve flexibility and accelerate drug release. The sterilization process was performed by electron beam irradiation, resulting in minimal but acceptable polymer degradation for PEG-PLGA implants. The implants have been characterized by texture analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. Compared to PLGA implants, PEG-PLGA implants offer similar flexibility but with improved mechanical stability, which will ease the handling and intracochlear application. A controlled release over three months was observed for dexamethasone and triamcinolone extrudates (drug load of 10%) with similar release profiles for both drugs. PEG-PLGA implants showed an initial slow release rate over several days regardless of the amount of PEG added. Mathematical simulations of the pharmacokinetics of the inner ear based on the in vitro release kinetics indicate a complete distribution of triamcinolone in the whole human scala tympani, which underlines the high potential of the developed formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lehner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - C Honeder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - W Knolle
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
| | - W Binder
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J Scheffler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S K Plontke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Halle Research Centre for Drug Therapy (HRCDT), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Liebau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - K Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Halle Research Centre for Drug Therapy (HRCDT), Halle (Saale), Germany
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3
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Grzelak AW, Jeffkins S, Luo L, Stilwell J, Hathcock J. Impact of X-ray irradiation as an equivalent alternative to gamma for sterilization of single-use bioprocessing polymers. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3339. [PMID: 36938939 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation sterilization of polymeric pharmaceutical processing systems and medical devices, an essential healthcare technology, is facing critical business continuity challenges, driving the need to qualify equivalent alternative irradiation technologies, such as X-ray. Whereas the underlying there is a paucity of cross-industry published data evaluating X-ray irradiation effects on plastics as compared to gamma irradiation. That leads to regulatory uncertainty in the levels of costly validation data regulators will require and overall apprehension in the rate of X-ray irradiation adoption. The present study evaluates the impact of X-ray versus gamma irradiation on a wide range of polymers with more than 36 single-use (SU) components, using a comprehensive set of industry aligned methods for characterization of bioprocess polymers. Whereas many of these techniques readily demonstrate changes in polymer properties following irradiation, all of the polymers evaluated demonstrated that the impact of X-ray irradiation was to the same degree or less as compared to gamma. Increased publication of studies evaluating the impact to polymers of X-ray versus gamma irradiation is critical to leveraging extensive, existing validation packages on bioprocess systems and medical devices obtained following gamma irradiation, and essential in qualifying X-ray irradiation as an equivalent technology (i.e., materials are impacted to the same extent or less than gamma) that can overcome business continuity challenges to ensure continued availability of critical patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Grzelak
- Pall Europe, 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth, PO6 4BQ, UK
| | - Sarah Jeffkins
- Pall Europe, 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth, PO6 4BQ, UK
| | - Lan Luo
- Pall Corporation, 20 Walkup Dr, Westborough, Massachusetts, 01581, USA
| | - James Stilwell
- Pall Europe, 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, Portsmouth, PO6 4BQ, UK
| | - James Hathcock
- Pall Corporation, 20 Walkup Dr, Westborough, Massachusetts, 01581, USA
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4
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Girard-Perier N, Marque SRA, Dupuy N, Krieguer B, Dorey S. Gamma, E-Beam and X-ray Irradiations on PE/EVOH/PE Multilayer Film: An Industrial Point of View Regarding the Impact on Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2799. [PMID: 37447445 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray and electron-beam (E-beam) sterilization technologies were assessed to supplement gamma sterilization, the most common radiation technology used today for biopharmaceutical product sterilization. The mechanical properties of a PE/EVOH/PE film were studied using tensile tests and dynamical mechanical analysis after each irradiation technology (i.e., gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiations). The effects of each irradiation were compared using two statistical methods. The results indicate that the three irradiation technologies induce no difference in mechanical properties in the investigated dose range for this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Girard-Perier
- Sartorius Stedim FMT S.A.S, Z.I. Les Paluds, Avenue de Jouques CS91051, CEDEX, 13781 Aubagne, France
| | | | - Nathalie Dupuy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Blanche Krieguer
- Sartorius Stedim FMT S.A.S, Z.I. Les Paluds, Avenue de Jouques CS91051, CEDEX, 13781 Aubagne, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Case 551, 13397 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Dorey
- Sartorius Stedim FMT S.A.S, Z.I. Les Paluds, Avenue de Jouques CS91051, CEDEX, 13781 Aubagne, France
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5
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Hao LH, Hieu DTT, Luan LQ, Phuong HT, Dinh V, Tuyen LA, Hong PTT, Van Man T, Tap TD. Electron and gamma irradiation‐induced effects in poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) films. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lam Hoang Hao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Dinh Tran Trong Hieu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Physics Laboratory, Le Thanh Ton High School Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Le Quang Luan
- Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Huynh Truc Phuong
- Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Van‐Phuc Dinh
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Duy Tan University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Luu Anh Tuyen
- Center for Nuclear Techniques Viet Nam Atomic Energy Institute Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Thu Hong
- Research and Development Center for Radiation Technology (VINAGAMMA) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Man
- Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tran Duy Tap
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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6
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Girard-Perier N, Marque SRA, Dupuy N, Claeys-Bruno M, Gaston F, Dorey S, Fifield LS, Ni Y, Li D, Fuchs WK, Murphy MK, Pillai SD, Pharr M, Nichols L. Effects of X-Rays, Electron Beam, and Gamma Irradiation on Chemical and Physical Properties of EVA Multilayer Films. Front Chem 2022; 10:888285. [PMID: 35646817 PMCID: PMC9131251 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.888285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-ray irradiation, using the cobalt-60 isotope, is the most common radiation modality used for medical device and biopharmaceutical products sterilization. Although X-ray and electron-beam (e-beam) sterilization technologies are mature and have been in use for decades, impediments remain to switching to these sterilization modalities because of lack of data on the resulting radiation effects for the associated polymers, as well as a lack of education for manufacturers and regulators on the viability of these sterilization alternatives. For this study, the compatibility of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) multilayer films with different ionizing radiation sterilization (X-ray, e-beam, and gamma irradiation) is determined by measuring chemical and physical film properties using high performance liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR), surface energy measurement, and electron spin resonance techniques. The results indicate that the three irradiation modalities induce no differences in thermal properties in the investigated dose range. Gamma and X-Ray irradiations generate the same level of reactive species in the EVA multilayer film, whereas e-beam generates a reduced quantity of reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain R. A. Marque
- Case 551, CNRS, ICR, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Sylvain R. A. Marque, ; Nathalie Dupuy, ; Samuel Dorey, ; Leonard S. Fifield,
| | - Nathalie Dupuy
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Sylvain R. A. Marque, ; Nathalie Dupuy, ; Samuel Dorey, ; Leonard S. Fifield,
| | - Magalie Claeys-Bruno
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Samuel Dorey
- Sartorius Stedim FMT S. A. S., Aubagne, France
- *Correspondence: Sylvain R. A. Marque, ; Nathalie Dupuy, ; Samuel Dorey, ; Leonard S. Fifield,
| | - Leonard S. Fifield
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sylvain R. A. Marque, ; Nathalie Dupuy, ; Samuel Dorey, ; Leonard S. Fifield,
| | - Yelin Ni
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Donghui Li
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Witold K. Fuchs
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Mark K. Murphy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Suresh D. Pillai
- National Center for Electron Beam Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Matt Pharr
- National Center for Electron Beam Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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7
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Girard-Perier N, Claeys-Bruno M, Marque SRA, Dupuy N, Gaston F, Dorey S. Effects of X-ray, electron beam and gamma irradiation on PE/EVOH/PE multilayer film properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11049-11051. [PMID: 34608899 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02871e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To increase sterilization capacity, X-ray and e-beam irradiation modalities are more and more attractive for the indutrial sterilization of heathcare products (medical devices and biopharmaceutical goods). However, no study comparing these different techniques are available concerning multi-layer films. Thus, with the PE/EVOH/PE multilayer film as a model, we show that, whatever the modality of irradiation, the thermal properties are not significantly changed as shown by DSC, and, as such, the physical and mechanical properties of this material are also expected to behave similarly. On the other hand, chemical properties such as oxidation ability are strikingly modified, i.e., the same oxidation level for X-ray and γ-irradiation and twice weaker for e-beam irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Girard-Perier
- Sartorius Stedim FMT S.A.S, Z.I. Les Paluds, Avenue de Jouques CS91051, Aubagne Cedex 13781, France.
| | | | | | - Nathalie Dupuy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.
| | - Fanny Gaston
- Sartorius Stedim FMT S.A.S, Z.I. Les Paluds, Avenue de Jouques CS91051, Aubagne Cedex 13781, France.
| | - Samuel Dorey
- Sartorius Stedim FMT S.A.S, Z.I. Les Paluds, Avenue de Jouques CS91051, Aubagne Cedex 13781, France.
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8
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Mapping the scientific research on the ionizing radiation impacts on polymers (1975–2019). E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A bibliometric approach allowed us to study the global research trend on the impact of ionizing irradiations on polymers from 1975 to 2019. The investigation revealed 1,015 publications with growing interest since 1990. The research is split into three main categories: polymer science, nuclear science technology, and chemistry physical. The three main ionizing irradiations studied in this research are gamma, electron beam, and X-ray irradiations. The impact of ionizing irradiations on polymers under gamma irradiation is the most commonly studied field with 578 publications among the 1,015 publications. Electron beam irradiation is the second most studied field followed by X-ray irradiation. Whatever the irradiation modalities, publications focus on material degradation and material improvement studies.
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9
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Al-Hadyan K, Alsbeih G, Al-Harbi N, Judia SB, Al-Ghamdi M, Almousa A, Alsharif I, Bakheet R, Al-Romaih K, Al-Mozaini M, Al-Ghamdi S, Moftah B, Alhmaid R. Effect of gamma irradiation on filtering facepiece respirators and SARS-CoV-2 detection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19888. [PMID: 34615977 PMCID: PMC8494839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with the shortage of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare institutions were forced to reuse FFRs after applying different decontamination methods including gamma-irradiation (GIR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GIR on the filtration efficiency (FE) of FFRs and on SARS-CoV-2 detection. The FE of 2 FFRs types (KN95 and N95-3 M masks) was assessed at different particle sizes (0.3-5 µm) following GIR (0-15 kGy) delivered at either typical (1.65 kGy/h) or low (0.5088 kGy/h) dose rates. The detection of two SARS-CoV-2 RNA genes (E and RdRp4) following GIR (0-50 kGy) was carried out using RT-qPCR assay. Both masks showed an overall significant (P < 0.001) reduction in FE with increased GIR doses. No significant differences were observed between GIR dose rates on FE. The GIR exhibited significant increases (P ≤ 0.001) in the cycle threshold values (ΔCt) of both genes, with no detection following high doses. In conclusion, complete degradation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be achieved by high GIR (≥ 30 kGy), suggesting its potential use in FFRs decontamination. However, GIR exhibited adverse effects on FE in dose- and particle size-dependent manners, rendering its use to decontaminate FFRs debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Hadyan
- Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghazi Alsbeih
- Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Najla Al-Harbi
- Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Bin Judia
- Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Ghamdi
- Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram Almousa
- Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtihaj Alsharif
- Infection and Immunity Department, KFSH&RC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Bakheet
- Translational Genomics Department, KFSH&RC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maha Al-Mozaini
- Infection and Immunity Department, KFSH&RC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Al-Ghamdi
- Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology Department, KFSH&RC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Belal Moftah
- Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alhmaid
- General Corporate Consultancy Department, KFSH&RC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Fifield LS, Pharr M, Staack D, Pillai SD, Nichols L, McCoy J, Faucette T, Bisel TT, Huang M, Hasan MK, Perkins L, Cooley SK, Murphy MK. Direct comparison of gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation doses on characteristics of low-density polyethylene, polypropylene homopolymer, polyolefin elastomer and chlorobutyl rubber medical device polymers. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Pino-Ramos VH, Bucio E, Díaz D. Fast photocatalytic polypropylene degradation by nanostructured bismuth catalysts. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Radiation, thermo-oxidative and storage induced changes in microstructure, crystallinity and dielectric properties of (un)oriented isotactic polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Nagai MLE, de Souza Santos P, Otubo L, Oliveira MJA, Vasquez PA. Gamma and electron beam irradiation effects for conservation treatment of cellulose triacetate photographic and cinematographic films. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Svoboda P, Trivedi K, Stoklasa K, Svobodova D, Ougizawa T. Study of crystallization behaviour of electron beam irradiated polypropylene and high-density polyethylene. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202250. [PMID: 34035941 PMCID: PMC8101015 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of electron-beam irradiation on polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was investigated with a focus on crystallization. A high-temperature (200°C) creep test revealed that the HDPE gradually increased cross-linking density in the range 30-120 kGy, while the PP underwent a chain scission which was quantitatively evaluated by gel permeation chromatography. The mechanical properties were measured in the range -150 to 200°C by a dynamic mechanical analysis. A small presence of C=C and C=O bonds was found in the irradiated PP by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Crystallization kinetics measured by differential scanning calorimetry and hot-stage optical microscopy results were influenced tremendously by irradiation for HDPE and to a lesser extent for PP. Irradiation caused a decrease in both the number of nucleation centres and the growth rate of individual spherulites. Crystallization was analysed in detail with the help of Hoffman-Lauritzen, Avrami and Arrhenius equations. Interestingly an increasing β-crystal formation with an increasing irradiation level was discovered for PP by X-ray diffraction. A generation of defects in the crystalline structure owing to irradiation was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Svoboda
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Krunal Trivedi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Stoklasa
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Svobodova
- Faculty of Humanities, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Stefanikova 5670, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Toshiaki Ougizawa
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S8-33, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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15
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Chung Y, Park D, Kim H, Kim Y, Kang S. The impact of gamma-irradiation from radioactive liquid wastewater on polymeric structures of nanofiltration (NF) membranes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123578. [PMID: 33264849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impacts of gamma-irradiation from the low- and intermediate-level liquid radioactive wastewaters (LILW) to polyamide (PA) structures of nanofiltration (NF) membranes were investigated. As the gamma-irradiation increased to 300 kGy in the aqueous solution at 5 bar, both the salt rejection and the water permeability of NF membranes were decreased from 95.6 ± 0.1%-74.6 ± 0.5%, and from 33.7 ± 0.3 LMH to 21.4 ± 0.5 LMH, respectively. The surface free energy and Young's modulus of the membrane indicated the decrease in hydrophilicity and the increase in fragility of PA structure after gamma-irradiation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the streaming potential analysis exhibited that the gamma-irradiation resulted the increase in the cross-linked portion of the amide bonding from 28% to 45% due to the gamma-induced new bonding between unbound carboxylic groups and amine groups. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis confirmed that the poly(p-phenylene) in polyamide structure were changed to poly(cyclohexane) and poly(cyclohexene) by hydrogen radical disproportionation generated from the gamma-irradiated water, and it is responsible to the increase of the cross-linked PA structures. The decrease in salt rejection and water permeability is attributed to the aging of PA structures by gamma-irradiation, thus, should be carefully monitored during the treatment of LILW using NF membrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkun Chung
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeseon Park
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojeon Kim
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- EB-TECH Co., Ltd., 170-9 Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34028, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoktae Kang
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Burgstaller C, Höftberger T, Gallnböck‐Wagner B, Stadlbauer W. Effects of radiation type and dose on the properties of selected polymers. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Beheshti Moghadam MH, Rezaei M, Behgar M, Kermanshahi H. Effects of gamma and electron radiation on chemical composition and some phyto-chemical properties of whole flaxseed. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Selcan Turker N, Yekta Özer A, Kutlu B, Nohutcu R, Colak S, Ekizoglu M, Özalp M. The Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on Polypropylene Syringes. J Med Device 2018. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4039434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This presents the influence of gamma irradiation on Pharmacopeia specifications, mechanical and flow parameters of polypropylene (PP) syringes. There has been significant progress in the terminal sterilization of single-use, disposable medical devices with gamma radiation sterilization due to the growing awareness of toxic residues during the ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilization. PP is a widely used polymer for the production of syringes because of its excellent mechanical and thermal properties and has expanded continuously over the last decade. Although 25 kGy was generally recommended for the gamma radiation sterilization of medical products, this radiation dose is high enough to produce substantial damage. Electron spin resonance (ESR) characteristics of irradiated syringes were also studied at normal (25 °C, 60% relative humidity) and accelerated (40 °C, 75% relative humidity) stability test conditions. It was found that the chemical and radiolytic changes and sterility assurance levels (SAL) after gamma radiation sterilization were different in PP syringes. It was shown that for two commercial syringes, E1 and E3, a SAL of 10−4 could be attained with only 10 kGy, with there being less detrimental radiation effects on E1. The differences in the radiosensitivity of the propylene syringes could be due to the different formulations and manufacturing processes. The results indicated that a commercial syringe, identified as E1 could be safely sterilized with gamma irradiation as the radicals decay over a period of days under normal conditions and quenched much faster under stability conditions. Furthermore, ESR technique could be used successfully in monitoring the radiosterilization of this material. Additionally, the confirmation and validation of the SAL doses which are below 25 kGy, will decrease the time and cost of the sterilization with less damaging effects of ionizing irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Selcan Turker
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey
- Harvard Medical School, MGH Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA 02129
| | - A. Yekta Özer
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey e-mail:
| | - Burak Kutlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rahime Nohutcu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyda Colak
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Ekizoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Özalp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Bahraini Z, Salari S, Sari M, Fayazi J, Behgar M. Effect of radiation on chemical composition and protein quality of cottonseed meal. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1425-1435. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Bahraini
- Department of Animal Science; Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty; Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan; Ahwaz Iran
| | - Somayyeh Salari
- Department of Animal Science; Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty; Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan; Ahwaz Iran
| | - Mohsen Sari
- Department of Animal Science; Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty; Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan; Ahwaz Iran
| | - Jamal Fayazi
- Department of Animal Science; Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty; Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan; Ahwaz Iran
| | - Mehdi Behgar
- Agricultural, Medical, and Industrial Research School; Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute; Karaj Iran
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Monitoring phthalates leaching into polyethylene terephthalate sterilized bottled water by ionizing radiation. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Wagh A, Petwal V, Dwivedi J, Upadhyaya V, Raviprakash Y, Kamath SD. Structural, morphological and optical investigations on electron-beam irradiated PbF 2 -TeO 2 -B 2 O 3 -Eu 2 O 3 glasses. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Wang R, Liu R, Chang M, Jin Q, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang X. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight MS for identification of electron beam from accelerator degradation products of aflatoxin B1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1548-56. [PMID: 25410803 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron beam irradiation was proven to be a successful method in aflatoxin degradation in earlier researches. However, the exact nature of the result radiation products generated by the aflatoxins remains unknown. Based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS) analysis, the solution of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in acetonitrile irradiated by electron beam degraded to two kinds of major products. The doses employed were in the range of 0 (control) to 8.60 kGy. The absorbed doses were monitored with FWT-60-00 radio-chromic dosimeters. By using UPLC-Q-TOF MS, accurate masses and proposed molecular formula for the degradation products, 261.1233 m/z (C14H13O5) and 299.1104 m/z (C17H15O5), were obtained from low mass error and high matching properties. Structural formula for the radio-degradation products and the degradation pathways leading to the compounds were proposed, based on the molecular formula and MS-MS spectra. The results showed that electron beam (EB) irradiation is an effective method for degrading AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Caretti I, Jiménez I, Van Doorslaer S. Chemical changes in irradiated polypropylene studied by X-ray photoabsorption and advanced EPR/ENDOR spectroscopies. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Kim KJ, Park MS, Yim T, Yu JS, Kim YJ. Electron-beam-irradiated polyethylene membrane with improved electrochemical and thermal properties for lithium-ion batteries. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-014-0661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Ghanbari F, Ghoorchi T, Shawrang P, Mansouri H, Torbati-Nejad N. Comparison of electron beam and gamma ray irradiations effects on ruminal crude protein and amino acid degradation kinetics, and in vitro digestibility of cottonseed meal. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Chytiri S, Badeka A, Riganakos K, Kontominas M. Radiolysis products and sensory properties of electron-beam-irradiated high-barrier food-packaging films containing a buried layer of recycled low-density polyethylene. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:546-56. [DOI: 10.1080/19440040903476582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Abraham AC, Czayka M, Fisch M. Electron beam irradiations of polypropylene syringe barrels and the resulting physical and chemical property changes. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Properties of isotactic polypropylene irradiated in various atmospheres. HEMIJSKA INDUSTRIJA 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/hemind091221029m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, changes in structure and physical properties of stabilized isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were created by gamma irradiation, up to a dose of 700 kGy, in different media: air, deionized distilled (DD) water and acetylene. Two main effects occur when polyolefins, such as iPP, are subjected to ionizing radiation: crosslinking and scission of macromolecules. The domination of one or the other of these competitive processes is determined by both the structural peculiarities of the polymers and the experimental irradiation conditions. Gel and infrared (IR) spectroscopy measurements were used to determine the changes in the degree of network formation and oxidative degradation, respectively. Sol-gel analysis was studied in detail using the Charlesby-Pinner (C-P) equation. The radiation-induced changes in the structure and evolution of oxygen-containing species were also studied through dielectric loss (tan ?) analysis in a wide temperature and/or frequency range. Evolution of low temperature dielectric relaxations with gamma irradiation was investigated. The results showed that degradation was the major reaction in the initial step of irradiation, no matter what the atmosphere was. The C-P equation seemed applicable when stabilized iPP was irradiated within a certain dose range in various atmospheres. The iPP irradiated in acetylene/air had the lowest/highest values for oxidation level, dielectric losses, Dg and G(s)/G(x) values. The calculated Dg values are 1.5 and 5 times larger for the irradiation in DD water and air than for the acetylene. Furthermore, our data confirm that oxidation strongly affects the gel point but has a much lower effect on the G(S)/G(X) ratio. In the case of dielectric relaxation measurements, the connection between the oxidative degradation and dielectric properties is well established and is in good agreement with IR spectroscopy measurements. The amount of carbonyl, hydroperoxide and other polar groups is much higher for the irradiation in air than in other media, leading to higher dielectric losses. Disappearance of low temperature (? and ?) relaxations with gamma radiation confirmed great sensitivity of iPP structure to radiation-induced changes. Complete ?vanishing? of the ? relaxation in iPP samples irradiated in air is connected with a large radiation-induced oxidative degradation in this medium. Similar crosslinking, oxidation and dielectric behaviour was observed for the samples irradiated in water and acetylene, indicating DD water as a good crosslinking medium.
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Suljovrujic E. The influence of molecular orientation on the crosslinking/oxidative behaviour of iPP exposed to gamma radiation. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Suljovrujic E. Gel production, oxidative degradation and dielectric properties of isotactic polypropylene irradiated under various atmospheres. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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