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Cai G, Guerrero-Netro HM, Bian J, Oswald IP, Price C, Alassane-Kpembi I. Real-life exposure to Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone triggers apoptosis and activates NLRP3 inflammasome in bovine primary theca cells. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:367-377. [PMID: 37423938 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cattle are deemed less susceptible to mycotoxins due to the limited internal exposure resulting from rumen microbiota activity. However, the significant amounts of Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) frequently detected in bovine follicular fluid samples suggest that they could affect ovarian function. Both mycotoxins trigger several patterns of cell death and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in the intestine. In vitro studies have reported a number of adverse effects on bovine oocytes. However, the biological relevance of such findings with regard to realistic concentrations of DON and ZEN in bovine follicular fluid is still not clear. Hence, it is important to better characterize the effects of dietary exposure to DON and ZEN on the bovine ovary. Using bovine primary theca cells, this study investigated the effects of real-life patterns for bovine ovary exposure to DON and ZEN, but also DON metabolite DOM-1, on cell death and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Exposure to DON starting from 0.1 μM significantly decreased theca cell viability. The kinetics of phosphatidylserine translocation and loss of membrane integrity showed that ZEN and DON, but not DOM-1, induce an apoptotic phenotype. qPCR analysis of the expression of NLRP3, PYCARD, IL-1β, IL-18, and GSDMD in primary theca cells at concentrations of mycotoxin previously reported in cow follicular fluid clearly indicated that DON and DOM-1 individually and in mixture, but not ZEN, activate NLRP3 inflammasome. Altogether, these results suggest that real-life dietary exposure of cattle to DON may induce inflammatory disorders in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Hilda M Guerrero-Netro
- Depto. de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Zootecnia, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christopher Price
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
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2
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Lazofsky A, Brinker A, Rivera-Núñez Z, Buckley B. A comparison of four liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms for the analysis of zeranols in urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4885-4899. [PMID: 37432442 PMCID: PMC10386926 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Targeted biomonitoring studies quantifying the concentration of zeranols in biological matrices have focused on liquid chromatography interfaced to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The MS platform for measurement, quadrupole, time-of-flight (ToF), ion trap, etc., is often chosen based on either sensitivity or selectivity. An instrument performance comparison of the benefits and limitations using matrix-matched standards containing 6 zeranols on 4 MS instruments, 2 low-resolution (linear ion traps), and 2 high-resolution (Orbitrap and ToF) was undertaken to identify the best measurement platform for multiple biomonitoring projects characterizing the endocrine disruptive properties of zeranols. Analytical figures of merit were calculated for each analyte to compare instrument performance across platforms. The calibration curves had correlation coefficients r = 0.989 ± 0.012 for all analytes and LODs and LOQs were ranked for sensitivity: Orbitrap > LTQ > LTQXL > G1 (V mode) > G1 (W mode). The Orbitrap had the smallest measured variation (lowest %CV), while the G1 had the highest. Instrumental selectivity was calculated using full width at half maximum (FWHM) and as expected, the low-resolution instruments had the broadest spectrometric peaks, concealing coeluting peaks under the same mass window as the analyte. Multiple peaks from concomitant ions, unresolved at low resolution (within a unit mass window), were present but did not match the exact mass predicted for the analyte. For example, the high-resolution platforms were able to differentiate between a concomitant peak at 319.1915 from the analyte at 319.1551, included in low-resolution quantitative analyses demonstrating the need to consider coeluting interfering ions in biomonitoring studies. Finally, a validated method using the Orbitrap was applied to human urine samples from a pilot cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Lazofsky
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Anita Brinker
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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3
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Yousef MS, Rezk WR, El-Naby ASAHH, Mahmoud KGM, Takagi M, Miyamoto A, Megahed GA. In vitro effect of zearalenone on sperm parameters, oocyte maturation and embryonic development in buffalo. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100732. [PMID: 36669377 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The negative impact of zearalenone (ZEN; potent estrogenic mycotoxin) exposure on buffalo embryo production has not yet been determined. In the current study, buffalo sperm and oocytes were exposed to ZEN at different concentrations during maturation. Sperms (with and without ZEN exposure) were incubated for 2 h and evaluated for motility, viability, acrosome integrity, normality, and ultrastructure. Matured oocytes exposed to ZEN were stained to determine their nuclear maturation. Further, their developmental ability was evaluated after in vitro fertilization. Our results showed the toxic effects of ZEN at high concentrations (2000 ng/mL) on different buffalo sperm parameters. The number of acrosome-intact sperm was reduced at 0 h after exposure to a concentration of ≥ 100 ng/mL. Furthermore, the maturation rate of buffalo oocytes (telophase I + metaphase II) was significantly decreased in ZEN-treated oocytes with a higher degeneration rate. Oocytes matured in 1000 ng/mL ZEN and subsequently exhibited considerable reduction in cleavage rate and blastocyst formation compared with control oocytes (2.6% vs. 13.1%). Moreover, the morula rate was decreased (p < 0.001) in ZEN-treated oocytes at concentrations of ≥ 10 ng/mL. Overall, the adverse effects of in vitro ZEN exposure on buffalo sperm parameters and oocyte meiotic progression with a notable reduction in cleavage, morula, and blastocyst rates were defined by these results. Altogether, buffaloes should be considered sensitive to ZEN exposure with respect to their reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Yousef
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080 8555, Japan.
| | - Walaa R Rezk
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Karima Gh M Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Reproduction and A.I, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Mitsuhiro Takagi
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 1677-1, Japan
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080 8555, Japan.
| | - Gaber A Megahed
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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4
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Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Chen W, Wu S, Yang H, Zhou Y. MnO 2 nanosheets-triggered oxVB 1 fluorescence immunoassay for detection zearalenone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121954. [PMID: 36228491 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-mediated fluorescence immunoassay for detecting zearalenone (ZEN) was established based on the oxVB1 fluorescence signal modulated by MnO2 nanosheets (MnO2 NS). As the ALP-antibody content increased, more 2-phosphoascorbic acid (AAP) was hydrolyzed to ascorbic acid (AA) which destroyed the MnO2 NS rapidly. In the lack of MnO2 NS, VB1 cannot be oxidized to oxVB1 for emitting fluorescence. On the contrary, the fluorescence of oxVB1 recovered slowly with the decrease of the ALP-antibody concentration. In the optimization condition, the detection limit of this method was 15.5 pg mL-1. Moreover, the recovery of ZEN in real samples ranged from 94.24 % to 108.26 %, which indicated the remarkable accuracy and reliability of this approach. Meanwhile, the proposal of this fluorescence immunoassay provided a new possibility for detecting other targets by replacing antibodies and antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xingping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Shixiang Wu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Hualin Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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Isorhamnetin protects zearalenone-induced damage via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:381-390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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6
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Adverse Effects of Fusarium Toxins in Ruminants: A Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased knowledge of the mechanism of action of Fusarium mycotoxins, the concept that these substances are deleterious only for monogastric species is obsolete. Indeed, most mycotoxins can be converted into less toxic compounds by the rumen microflora from healthy animals. However, mycotoxin absorption and its conversion to more toxic metabolites, as well as their impact on the immune response and subsequently animal welfare, reproductive function, and milk quality during chronic exposure should not be neglected. Among the Fusarium mycotoxins, the most studied are deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisins from the B class (FBs). It is remarkable that there is a paucity of in vivo research, with a low number of studies on nutrient digestibility and rumen function. Most of the in vitro studies are related to the reproductive function or are restricted to rumen incubation. When evaluating the production performance, milk yield is used as an evaluated parameter, but its quality for cheese production is often overlooked. In the present review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding the adverse effects of these mycotoxins with special attention to dairy cattle.
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Roberts JF, Jeff Huang CC. Bovine models for human ovarian diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:101-154. [PMID: 35595347 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During early embryonic development, late fetal growth, puberty, adult reproductive years, and advanced aging, bovine and human ovaries closely share molecular pathways and hormonal signaling mechanisms. Other similarities between these species include the size of ovaries, length of gestation, ovarian follicular and luteal dynamics, and pathophysiology of ovarian diseases. As an economically important agriculture species, cattle are a foundational species in fertility research with decades of groundwork using physiologic, genetic, and therapeutic experimental techniques. Many technologies used in modern reproductive medicine, such as ovulation induction using hormonal therapy, were first used in cows before human trials. Human ovarian diseases with naturally occurring bovine correlates include premature ovary insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and sex-cord stromal tumors (SCSTs). This article presents an overview of bovine ovary research related to causes of infertility, ovarian diseases, diagnostics, and therapeutics, emphasizing where the bovine model can offer advantages over other lab animals for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Roberts
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Practical Application of Urinary Zearalenone Monitoring System for Feed Hygiene Management of a Japanese Black Cattle Breeding Herd—The Relationship between Monthly Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Serum Amyloid A Concentrations. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020143. [PMID: 35202171 PMCID: PMC8874455 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study addresses an advantageous application of a urinary zearalenone (ZEN) monitoring system not only for surveillance of ZEN exposure at the production site of breeding cows but also for follow-up monitoring after improvement of feeds provided to the herd. As biomarkers of effect, serum levels of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were used. Based on the results of urinary ZEN measurement, two cows from one herd had urinary ZEN concentrations which were two orders of magnitude higher (ZEN: 1.34 mg/kg, sterigmatocystin (STC): 0.08 mg/kg in roughages) than the levels of all cows from three other herds (ZEN: not detected, STC: not detected in roughages). For the follow-up monitoring of the herd with positive ZEN and STC exposure, urine, blood, and roughage samples were collected from five cows monthly for one year. A monitoring series in the breeding cattle herd indicated that feed concentrations were not necessarily reflected in urinary concentrations; urinary monitoring assay by ELISA may be a simple and accurate method that reflects the exposure/absorption of ZEN. Additionally, although the ZEN exposure level appeared not to be critical compared with the Japanese ZEN limitation in dietary feeds, a negative regression trend between the ZEN and AMH concentrations was observed, indicating that only at extremely universal mycotoxin exposure levels, ZEN exposure may affect the number of antral follicles in cattle. A negative regression trend between the ZEN and SAA concentrations could also be demonstrated, possibly indicating the innate immune suppression caused by low-level chronic ZEN exposure. Finally, significant differences (p = 0.0487) in calving intervals between pre-ZEN monitoring (mean ± SEM: 439.0 ± 41.2) and post-ZEN monitoring (349.9 ± 6.9) periods were observed in the monitored five cows. These preliminary results indicate that the urinary ZEN monitoring system may be a useful practical tool not only for detecting contaminated herds under field conditions but also provides an initial look at the effects of long-term chronic ZEN/STC (or other co-existing mycotoxins) exposure on herd productivity and fertility.
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9
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Wang Y, Xing CH, Chen S, Sun SC. Zearalenone exposure impairs organelle function during porcine oocyte meiotic maturation. Theriogenology 2022; 177:22-28. [PMID: 34656833 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the secondary metabolites of Fusarium and is regarded as a common contaminant of foodstuffs especially corn products. ZEN is considered to be cytotoxic, tissue toxic, genotoxic and reproductive toxic, which acts as a serious threat for humans and animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of ZEN on organelle function during porcine oocyte meiotic maturation. Our results showed that the expansion of cumulus granulosa cells and the extrusion of oocyte polar body were disturbed after ZEN exposure. Besides the aberrant mitochondrial distribution and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential after ZEN treatment during porcine oocyte maturation. We also found the fluorescence intensity of ER was decreased, and ZEN exposure altered ER stress level, showing with the reduced expression of GRP78. We also found that the spindle cortex distribution of Golgi apparatus was disrupted in ZEN-exposed oocytes, which was confirmed by the decreased level of GM130, moreover, our data also showed that Rab11-based vesical transport was disturbed, indicating the Golgi apparatus function was disrupted. Besides, the fluorescence intensity of lysosome was significantly increased, indicating the protein degradation and the potential autophagy occurrence after ZEN treatment. Thus, our results demonstrated that exposure to ZEN affected porcine oocyte meiotic maturation through its wide effects on organelle function for protein synthesis, transport and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chun-Hua Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Wang Y, Xing CH, Zhang HL, Pan ZN, Sun SC. Exposure to nivalenol declines mouse oocyte quality via inducing oxidative stress-related apoptosis and DNA damage†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1474-1483. [PMID: 34505141 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte quality is critical for fertilization and early embryo development. The type B trichothecene nivalenol (NIV) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium oxysporum, and it is commonly found with deoxynivalenol in contaminated food or feed. NIV has been shown to affect the immune system and female reproductive system, cause emesis and growth retardation. Here, we investigated the toxicity of NIV on mouse oocyte quality, as well as the protective effects of melatonin on the NIV-exposed oocytes. We found NIV exposure caused meiotic arrest and further induced the failure of polar body extrusion in mouse oocytes. Transcriptome analysis data showed that NIV exposure altered the expression of multiple pathway-related genes in oocytes, indicating its wide toxicity on oocyte maturation. Based on the RNA-seq data, we showed that NIV exposure induced oxidative stress and caused DNA damage in oocytes. Besides, autophagy, and early apoptosis were also found in NIV-exposed oocytes. Treatment with melatonin significantly ameliorated these defects through its effects on ROS level. Thus, our results demonstrated that exposure to NIV affected oocyte quality and melatonin treatment could reduce the defects caused by NIV in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chun-Hua Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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11
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Elweza AE, Marey MA, Elesh IF, Zinnah MA, Akthar I, Kanno C, Takagi M, Miyamoto A. Zearalenone interferes with the sperm-triggered inflammation in the bovine uterus in vitro: Negative impact on sperm motility and survival. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 107:81-89. [PMID: 34864119 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN)-contaminated diets induce detrimental effects on the bovine reproduction. Recently, we reported that active sperm induce pro-inflammatory responses in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) in vitro. This study aimed to investigate the impact of presence of ZEN on the sperm-uterine crosstalk in vitro. BEECs monolayers were stimulated by ZEN (10, 100, and 1000 ng/mL) for 0, 3, 6, 12, or 24 h and gene expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR. Moreover, BEECs were pre-exposed to ZEN (10, 100, and 1000 ng/mL) for 24 h then, co-incubated with sperm for 6 h. Conditioned media (CM) from a sperm-BEECs co-culture, after pre-exposure to ZEN, were harvested and exploited to challenge either polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) or sperm. Both PMNs phagocytic activity toward sperm and sperm motility parameters were then assessed. Results showed that ZEN alone induced pro-inflammatory responses in BEECs through the induction of mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFA and IL1B) and PGES1 at different time points. Pre-exposure of BEECs to ZEN, amplified the sperm-triggered upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFA and IL1B) and chemokine IL8 mRNA abundance in BEECs. Sperm-BEECs conditioned media, primed by ZEN, stimulated the PMNs phagocytosis for sperm whereas suppressed sperm motility parameters. Taken together, these findings indicate that the presence of ZEN augments the pro-inflammatory cascade triggered by sperm in BEECs, provokes PMNs phagocytosis for sperm, and reduces sperm motility parameters. Such immunological reactions may create a hostile environment for sperm competence and survival in the bovine uterus, thus impair fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Elweza
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080 8555, Japan; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Marey
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080 8555, Japan; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Behera, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim F Elesh
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080 8555, Japan; Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Behera, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Zinnah
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080 8555, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Ihshan Akthar
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080 8555, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Takagi
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 1677-1, Japan
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080 8555, Japan
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12
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Yang C, Song G, Lim W. Effects of mycotoxin-contaminated feed on farm animals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:122087. [PMID: 32004836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary products produced by fungi in cereals and are frequently found in the livestock industry as contaminants of farm animal feed. Studies analyzing feed mycotoxins have been conducted worldwide and have confirmed the presence of mycotoxins with biological activity, including aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, fumonisin, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol, in a large proportion of feed samples. Exposure to mycotoxins can cause immunotoxicity and impair reproductive function in farm animals. In addition, exposure of tissues, such as the kidneys, liver, and intestines, to mycotoxins can exert histopathological changes that can interfere with animal growth and survival. This review describes previous studies regarding the presence of major mycotoxins in the feed of farm animals, especially pigs and poultry. Moreover, it describes the adverse effects of mycotoxins in farm animals following exposure, as well as the biological activity of mycotoxins in animal-derived cells. Mycotoxins have been shown to regulate signaling pathways, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and proliferation in porcine and bovine cells. A clear understanding of the effects of mycotoxins on farm animals will help reduce farm household economic loss and address the health concerns of people who consume these meat and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Equol: A Microbiota Metabolite Able to Alleviate the Negative Effects of Zearalenone during In Vitro Culture of Ovine Preantral Follicles. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110652. [PMID: 31717534 PMCID: PMC6891317 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of zearalenone (ZEN) on female reproduction remains an issue, since its effects may differ among exposed cell types. Besides the use of decontaminants in animal diet, other approaches should be considered to minimise ZEN effects after exposure. Since the first organ in contact with ZEN is the gastrointestinal tract, we hypothesise that products of microbiota metabolism may play a role in ZEN detoxification. We aimed to evaluate the effect of 1 µmol/L ZEN and 1 µmol/L equol (a microbial metabolite), alone or in combination, on the survival and morphology of in vitro cultured ovarian preantral follicles. Ovaries from 12 sheep were collected at a local abattoir and fragmented, and the ovarian pieces were submitted to in vitro culture for three days in the presence or absence of the test compounds. The follicular morphology was impaired by ZEN, but equol could alleviate the observed degeneration rates. While ZEN decreased cell proliferation in primary and secondary follicles, as well as induced DNA double-strand breaks in primordial follicles, all these observations disappeared when equol was added to a culture medium containing ZEN. In the present culture conditions, equol was able to counteract the negative effects of ZEN on ovarian preantral follicles.
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Zheng W, Fan W, Feng N, Lu N, Zou H, Gu J, Yuan Y, Liu X, Bai J, Bian J, Liu Z. T he Role of miRNAs in Zearalenone-Promotion of TM3 Cell Proliferation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091517. [PMID: 31035709 PMCID: PMC6540048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a non-steroidal estrogen mycotoxin produced by several Gibberella and Fusarium species. Accumulating evidence has indicated that ZEA strongly stimulates cell proliferation. However the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of ZEA-mediated induction of cell proliferation have not yet been completely explained. The aim of this study was to detect the role of miRNAs in ZEA-mediated induction of cell proliferation. The effects of ZEA on cell proliferation were assessed using a cell counting kit assay and xCELLigence system. Micro-RNA sequencing was performed after treatment of TM3 cells with ZEA (0.01 μmol/L) for different time periods (0, 2, 6 and 18 h). Cell function and pathway analysis of the miRNA target genes were performed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). We found that ZEA promotes TM3 cell proliferation at low concentrations. miRNA sequenceing revealed 66 differentially expressed miRNAs in ZEA-treated cells in comparison to the untreated control ( p < 0.05). The miRNA sequencing indicated that compared to control group, there were 66 miRNAs significant change (p < 0.05) in ZEA-treated groups. IPA analysis showed that the predicated miRNAs target gene involved in cell Bio-functions including cell cycle, growth and proliferation, and in signaling pathways including MAPK and RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathways. Results from flow cytometry and Western Blot analysis validated the predictions that ZEA can affect cell cycle, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Taking these together, the cell proliferation induced ZEA is regulated by miRNAs. The results shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms for the mediation of ZEA to induce proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Wentong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Nannan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Nanyan Lu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Effects of zearalenone and its derivatives on the synthesis and secretion of mammalian sex steroid hormones: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 126:262-276. [PMID: 30825585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a non-steroidal estrogen mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium fungi, can be metabolized into many other derivatives by microorganisms, plants, animals and humans. It can affect mammalian reproductive capability by impacting the synthesis and secretion of sex hormones, including testosterone, estradiol and progesterone. This review summarizes the mechanisms in which ZEA and its derivatives disturb the synthesis and secretion of sex steroid hormones. Because of its structural analogy to estrogen, ZEA and its derivatives can exert a variety of estrogen-like effects and engage in estrogen negative feedback regulation, which can result in mediating the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the pituitary gland. ZEA and its derivatives can ultimately reduce the number of Leydig cells and granulosa cells by inducing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, and cell regeneration delay. Additionally, they can disrupt the mitochondrial structure and influence mitochondrial functions through overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aberrant autophagy signaling ways. Finally, ZEA and its derivatives can disturb the expressions and activities of the related steroidogenic enzymes through cross talking between membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors.
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Zhang GL, Feng YL, Song JL, Zhou XS. Zearalenone: A Mycotoxin With Different Toxic Effect in Domestic and Laboratory Animals' Granulosa Cells. Front Genet 2018; 9:667. [PMID: 30619484 PMCID: PMC6305301 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the most prevalent estrogenic mycotoxins, is mainly produced by Fusarium fungi and has been proven to affect the reproductive capacity of animals. Exposure of farm animals to ZEA is a global public health concern because of its toxicity and wide distribution in animal feeds. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that ZEA possesses estrogenic activity in mice, swine, Equus asinus and cattle. The precise mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of ZEA has not been established yet. This article reviews evidence on the deleterious effects of ZEA on mammalian folliculogenesis from early to final oogenesis stages. Such effects include impaired granulosa cell (GC) development and follicle steroidogenesis, reduced oocyte nest breakdown, damaged meiotic progression, poor fetal oocyte survival, accelerated primordial follicle activation and enhanced follicle atresia. These phenomena may result in reproductive and non-reproductive problems in domestic animals. In addition, emerging data indicates that ZEA may cause mRNA expression changes in the GCs. In general, E. asinus is more sensitive than swine to ZEA exposure. Finally, results of in vivo animal studies and in vitro tests are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Zhang
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | | | - Xiang-Shan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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17
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Zearalenone (ZEN) disrupts the anti-inflammatory response of bovine oviductal epithelial cells to sperm in vitro. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 74:158-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Pizzo F, Caloni F, Schutz LF, Totty ML, Spicer LJ. Individual and combined effects of deoxynivalenol and α-zearalenol on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells in cattle. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:722-728. [PMID: 26425942 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) metabolite, α-zearalenol (α-Zol), on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis of bovine large (LG) follicle granulosa cells (GC). LGGC were obtained from bovine ovarian follicles (8-22 mm) and were cultured for 2 days in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum followed by 1 or 2 days in serum-free medium without (control) or with treatments. Three different experiments were performed using different dosages of DON and α-Zol and in different combinations and a fourth experiment evaluated estradiol effects on granulosa cell proliferation. DON inhibited progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) production at high dose. α-Zol alone and in combination with DON increased cell growth. Estradiol inhibited cell growth indicating α-Zol is not acting as an estrogen agonist. This study demonstrates that α-Zol and DON can impact in vitro GC function, however further studies will be required to better understand the mechanism of action and reproductive effects of Fusarium mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Pizzo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luis F Schutz
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Morgan L Totty
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Fushimi Y, Takagi M, Monniaux D, Uno S, Kokushi E, Shinya U, Kawashima C, Otoi T, Deguchi E, Fink-Gremmels J. Effects of Dietary Contamination by Zearalenone and Its Metabolites on Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone: Impact on the Reproductive Performance of Breeding Cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:834-9. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Fushimi
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine; Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
- Shepherd Central Livestock Clinic; Kagoshima Japan
| | - M Takagi
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine; Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - D Monniaux
- INRA; UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; Nouzilly France
- CNRS; UMR7247; Nouzilly France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours; Tours France
- IFCE; Nouzilly France
| | - S Uno
- Faculty of Fisheries; The Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - E Kokushi
- Faculty of Fisheries; The Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - U Shinya
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine; Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - C Kawashima
- Field Center of Animal Science and Agriculture; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro Japan
| | - T Otoi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - E Deguchi
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine; Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - J Fink-Gremmels
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Yalelaan the Netherlands
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Invited review: Diagnosis of zearalenone (ZEN) exposure of farm animals and transfer of its residues into edible tissues (carry over). Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 84:225-49. [PMID: 26277628 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the review was to evaluate the opportunities for diagnosing the zearalenone (ZEN) exposure and intoxication of farm animals by analyzing biological specimens for ZEN residue levels. Metabolism is discussed to be important when evaluating species-specific consequences for the overall toxicity of ZEN. Besides these toxicological facts, analytics of ZEN residues in various animal-derived matrices requires sensitive, matrix-adapted multi-methods with low limits of quantification, which is more challenging than the ZEN analysis in feed. Based on dose-response experiments with farm animals, the principle usability of various specimens as bio-indicators for ZEN exposure is discussed with regard to individual variation and practicability for the veterinary practitioner. ZEN residue analysis in biological samples does not only enable evaluation of ZEN exposure but also allows the risk for the consumer arising from contaminated foodstuffs of animal origin to be assessed. It was compiled from literature that the tolerable daily intake of 0.25 μg ZEN/kg body weight and day is exploited to approximately 8%, when a daily basket of animal foodstuffs and associated carry over factors are assumed at reported ZEN contamination levels of complete feed.
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Kwaśniewska K, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Cendrowski K. Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Zearalenone in Environmental and Biological Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 45:119-30. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.896731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Winkler J, Kersten S, Meyer U, Stinshoff H, Locher L, Rehage J, Wrenzycki C, Engelhardt UH, Dänicke S. Diagnostic opportunities for evaluation of the exposure of dairy cows to the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN): reliability of blood plasma, bile and follicular fluid as indicators. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:847-55. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Winkler
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | - S. Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | - U. Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | - H. Stinshoff
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Germany
| | - L. Locher
- Clinic for Ruminants; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - J. Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Germany
| | - C. Wrenzycki
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Germany
| | - U. H. Engelhardt
- Faculty of Life Sciences; Institute of Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Germany
| | - S. Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
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Santos RR, Schoevers EJ, Roelen BAJ. Usefulness of bovine and porcine IVM/IVF models for reproductive toxicology. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:117. [PMID: 25427762 PMCID: PMC4258035 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Women presenting fertility problems are often helped by Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. However, in many cases the etiology of the in/subfertility remains unknown even after treatment. Although several aspects should be considered when assisting a woman with problems to conceive, a survey on the patients' exposure to contaminants would help to understand the cause of the fertility problem, as well as to follow the patient properly during IVF. Daily exposure to toxic compounds, mainly environmental and dietary ones, may result in reproductive impairment. For instance, because affects oocyte developmental competence. Many of these compounds, natural or synthetic, are endocrine disruptors or endocrine active substances that may impair reproduction. To understand the risks and the mechanism of action of such chemicals in human cells, the use of proper in vitro models is essential. The present review proposes the bovine and porcine models to evaluate toxic compounds on oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo production in vitro. Moreover, we discuss here the species-specific differences when mice, bovine and porcine are used as models for human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane R Santos
- />Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University,TD Utrecht,, P.O Box 80152, 3508 The Netherlands
- />Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará,, Rua Augusto Corrêa,Belém, CEP 66075-110 Pará Brazil
| | - Eric J Schoevers
- />Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University,, Yalelaan, 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard AJ Roelen
- />Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University,, Yalelaan, 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Fushimi Y, Takagi M, Hasunuma H, Uno S, Kokushi E, Watanabe U, Liu J, Marey M, Miyamoto A, Otoi T, Deguchi E, Fink-Gremmels J. Application of mycotoxin adsorbent to cattle feed contaminated with zearalenone: urinary zearalenone excretion and association with anti-Müllerian hormone. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated (1) protective effects of a commercially available mycotoxin adsorbent (MA) and (2) endocrine effects of in vivo exposure to zearalenone (ZEA) in cattle. The sample included a Japanese Black female cattle herd (MYT herd) that displayed persistently high urinary ZEA concentrations. A second herd (NM herd) was used as a control. Three groups from each herd were assessed: MX (n=6; MA mixed with concentrate), TD (n=6; MA applied as topdressing with the concentrate), and a positive control (n=6; no MA application). Urine and blood samples were collected at the start of MA supplementation (day 0), on the final day of supplementation (day 16), and on the final day of the sampling period (day 58 for MYT herd and day 50 for NM herd). Urinary ZEA concentrations (pg/mg of creatinine) were measured by ELISA and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Haematological and serum biochemical analyses were performed to monitor hepatic, renal, nutritional, and mineral intake statuses. Ovulation status was assessed by progesterone (P4) and antral follicle population by anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. The urinary concentrations of ZEA and its metabolites in the MX and TD groups were significantly lower (P<0.05) at day 16 compared with the control group, as measured by LC-MS/MS. The valid ratio of AMH-positive (≯0.08 ng/ml) cattle was significantly higher in the NM herd than in the MYT herd without affecting the P4-positive (≯3 ng/ml) ratio, suggesting different populations of antral follicles. Significant differences were also observed between the MX and the control in aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase at day 58, suggesting preventive effects of MA supplementation. Our field trial indicated that MA supplementation of a ZEA-contaminated diet has beneficial effects in reducing ZEA absorption from the intestine of cattle, maintaining endocrine homeostasis and reversing hepatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Fushimi
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0064, Japan
- Shepherd Central Livestock Clinic, Kagoshima 899-1611, Japan
| | - M. Takagi
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0064, Japan
| | - H. Hasunuma
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0064, Japan
- Shepherd Central Livestock Clinic, Kagoshima 899-1611, Japan
| | - S. Uno
- The Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - E. Kokushi
- The Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - U. Watanabe
- Soo Veterinary Clinical Center, Soo Agriculture Mutual Aid Association, Kagoshima 899-8212, Japan
| | - J. Liu
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - M.A. Marey
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - A. Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - T. Otoi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - E. Deguchi
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0064, Japan
| | - J. Fink-Gremmels
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Spicer LJ, Caloni F. Fusarium mycotoxins: Effects on reproductive function in domestic animals—A review. Theriogenology 2013; 80:557-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Santos R, Schoevers E, Roelen B, Fink-Gremmels J. Mycotoxins and female reproduction: in vitro approaches. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to mycotoxins has been linked to adverse effects on female reproduction by interfering with the synthesis, metabolism or degradation of steroid hormones, interaction with steroid receptors or impairing oocyte maturation and competence. To assess such effects, many studies initially focussed on possible endocrine actions of mycotoxins using specific cell lines known to express key enzymes involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones. Using these models, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and aflatoxin B1 were claimed to be endocrine active substances. As yet, zearalenone is the only mycotoxin for which a direct interaction with oestrogen receptors could be demonstrated, classifying this mycotoxin as an endocrine disruptor. Mycotoxin exposure of complex cell systems like ovarian follicles at the earliest (primordial) to most advanced (pre-ovulatory) stages can serve not only as the first indication of the potential of a mycotoxin to affect female reproduction, but also provides insight in specific mechanisms involved in such an effect and identifies vulnerable phases in follicle development. Zearalenone is the most widely studied mycotoxin regarding female reproduction, but effects on oocyte maturation have also been demonstrated for deoxynivalenol. Exposure to zearalenone impairs the formation of primordial, while its metabolite ?-zearalenol is more harmful to fertilised oocytes than zearalenone itself. This short overview aims to provide an introduction into the different models, such as cell lines and oocytes, commonly used to assess the potential adverse effects of mycotoxins on female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.R. Santos
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80152, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Campus Básico, CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - E.J. Schoevers
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80151, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B.A.J. Roelen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80151, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J. Fink-Gremmels
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80152, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Kong WJ, Shen HH, Zhang XF, Yang XL, Qiu F, Ou-yang Z, Yang MH. Analysis of zearalenone and α-zearalenol in 100 foods and medicinal plants determined by HPLC-FLD and positive confirmation by LC-MS-MS. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1584-1590. [PMID: 23096594 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycotoxins, which may contaminate many foods and medicinal plants, are poisonous to humans. A high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method was successfully developed for analysing the contamination levels of zearalenone (ZON) and its metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) in 100 widely consumed foods and medicinal plants in China. Samples were extracted with methanol-water (80:20, v/v), and cleaned up by using an immunoaffinity column. RESULTS The limits of detection of this developed method for ZON and α-ZOL were 4 µg kg(-1) and 2.5 µg kg(-1) , respectively. Recoveries for the samples spiked with three levels (30, 60 and 300 µg kg(-1) for ZON and α-ZOL) ranged from 85.8% to 96.1% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.6-7.1% for ZON, and from 89.9% to 98.7% with RSD of 1.9-9.2% for α-ZOL. Twelve (12%) of these tested samples were contaminated with ZON at levels ranging from 5.3 to 295.8 µg kg(-1). The most contaminated samples were Semen coicis, four of them in a concentration level exceeding 60 µg kg(-1) 'maximum level' (range 68.9-119.6 µg kg(-1)). Positive samples were further confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION The results suggest that it is necessary to control ZON contamination in medicinal plants, especially Semen coicis. This is a successful study on the analysis of ZON and α-ZOL in medicinal plants in China by HPLC-FLD. Immunoaffinity clean-up and HPLC-FLD proved to have broad applicability in the field of simultaneously detecting ZON and α-ZOL in foods and medicinal plants and other complicated matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
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Filannino A, Stout TAE, Gadella BM, Sostaric E, Pizzi F, Colenbrander B, Dell'Aquila ME, Minervini F. Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, alpha- and beta-zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:134. [PMID: 21970729 PMCID: PMC3213023 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17beta-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol was used as a positive control for 'estrogen-like' effects. METHODS Stallion spermatozoa were exposed in vitro to zearalenone, alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol or 17beta-estradiol at concentrations ranging from 1 pM - 0.1 mM. After 2 hours exposure, motility parameters were evaluated by computer-assisted analysis, and acrosome integrity was examined by flow cytometry after staining with fluoroscein-conjugated peanut agglutinin. RESULTS Mycotoxins affected sperm parameters only at the highest concentration tested (0.1 mM) after 2 hours exposure. In this respect, all of the compounds reduced the average path velocity, but only alpha-zearalenol reduced percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm. Induction of motility patterns consistent with hyperactivation was stimulated according to the following rank of potency: alpha-zearalenol > 17beta-estradiol > zearalenone = beta-zearalenol. The hyperactivity-associated changes observed included reductions in straight-line velocity and linearity of movement, and an increase in the amplitude of lateral head displacement, while curvilinear velocity was unchanged. In addition, whereas alpha- and beta- zearalenol increased the percentages of live acrosome-reacted sperm, zearalenone and 17beta-estradiol had no apparent effect on acrosome status. In short, alpha-zearalenol inhibited normal sperm motility, but stimulated hyperactive motility in the remaining motile cells and simultaneously induced the acrosome reaction. Beta-zearalenol induced the acrosome reaction without altering motility. Conversely, zearalenone and 17beta-estradiol did not induce the acrosome reaction but induced hyperactive motility albeit to a different extent. CONCLUSIONS Apparently, the mycotoxin zearalenone has 17beta-estradiol-like estrogenic activity that enables it to induce hyperactivated motility of equine sperm cells, whereas the zearalenol derivatives induce premature completion of the acrosome reaction and thereby adversely affect stallion sperm physiology. The alpha form of zearalenol still possessed the estrogenic ability to induce hyperactivated motility, whereas its beta stereo-isomere had lost this property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Filannino
- Department of Animal Production, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Tom AE Stout
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart M Gadella
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edita Sostaric
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Flavia Pizzi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA) National Research Council (CNR) Milano, Italy
| | - Ben Colenbrander
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fiorenza Minervini
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR) Bari, Italy
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Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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30
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Sambuu R, Takagi M, Shiga S, Uno S, Kokushi E, Namula Z, Otoi T, Miyamoto A, Deguchi E, Fink-Gremmels J. Detection of zearalenone and its metabolites in naturally contaminated porcine follicular fluid by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Reprod Dev 2010; 57:303-6. [PMID: 21139326 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-106m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites are important nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxins that cause reproductive disorders in domestic animals, especially pigs. We aimed to simultaneously detect ZEN and its metabolites á-zearalenol (α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) in porcine follicular fluid (FF) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ZEN and α-ZOL, but not β-ZOL, were detected in all pooled FF samples collected from coexisting follicles (diameter ≥ 6 mm) within 10 ovaries. Furthermore, ZEN and α-ZOL were detected in samples pretreated with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase, but not in those left untreated, suggesting that the FF samples contained glucuronide-conjugated forms of the mycotoxins that may be less harmful to porcine oocytes due to glucuronidation affecting the receptor binding. Nonetheless, the effects of the glucuronide-conjugated forms should be studied, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Shephard G, Berthiller F, Dorner J, Krska R, Lombaert G, Malone B, Maragos C, Sabino M, Solfrizzo M, Trucksess M, van Egmond H, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2008-2009. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2010. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2009.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2008 and mid-2009. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, alternaria toxins, cyclopiazonic acid, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone. Developments in mycotoxin analysis continue, with emphasis on novel immunological methods and further description of LC-MS and LC-MS/MS, particularly as multimycotoxin applications for different ranges of mycotoxins. Although falling outside the main emphasis of the review, some aspects of natural occurrence have been mentioned, especially if linked to novel method developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Shephard
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - F. Berthiller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - J. Dorner
- USDA, ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 509, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 31742, USA
| | - R. Krska
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - G. Lombaert
- Health Canada, 510 Lagimodiere Blvd., Winnipeg, MB, R2J 3Y1, Canada
| | - B. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 111 West Fourth Street, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Sabino
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av Dr Arnaldo 355, 01246-902, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 700126, Italy
| | - M. Trucksess
- US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - H. van Egmond
- RIKILT, Cluster Natural Toxins & Pesticides, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, P.O. Box 7625, N.C. State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625 USA
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Minervini F, Lacalandra G, Filannino A, Nicassio M, Visconti A, Dell’Aquila M. Effects of in vitro exposure to natural levels of zearalenone and its derivatives on chromatin structure stability in equine spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2010; 73:392-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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