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Jain R, Ping Hung Li E, Lee JTH. The Role of the Indian Political Regime in Higher Education Reforms for Innovation Drive: Key Comparisons With China. JOURNAL OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES 2023; 58:1665-1685. [PMID: 38024836 PMCID: PMC10651412 DOI: 10.1177/00219096221097666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
As primary drivers of global growth, China and India as Asian giants are on the path to reforming their higher education systems to drive innovation. This paper based on both primary and secondary data sources investigates how India's democratic political leadership has facilitated higher education reform for fostering innovation while underlining key differences in the policy approach of the Chinese leadership. Findings identify the areas of reform for India and also reveal that epistemic boundaries between India and China are beginning to blur so far as right-wing ideological regimentation is concerned, with possible implications for innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romi Jain
- Romi Jain, Canadian Society for Peace and Global Studies, 113-1760 Ellis Street, Kelowna, BC V1Y 2B4, Canada.
| | - Eric Ping Hung Li
- Faculty of Management, The University of British Columbia- Okanagan Campus, Canada
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Nyakuma BB, Mahyon NI, Chiong MS, Rajoo S, Pesiridis A, Wong SL, Martinez-Botas R. Recovery and utilisation of waste heat from flue/exhaust gases: a bibliometric analysis (2010-2022). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90522-90546. [PMID: 37479929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The recovery and utilisation of waste heat from flue/exhaust gases (RU/WHFG) could potentially provide sustainable energy while curbing pollutant emissions. Over time, the RU/WHFG research landscape has gained significant traction and yielded innovative technologies, sustainable strategies, and publications. However, critical studies highlighting current advancements, publication trends, research hotspots, major stakeholders, and future research directions on RU/WHFG research remain lacking. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and literature review of the RU/WHFG research landscape based on publications indexed in Scopus. Results showed that 123 publications and 2191 citations were recovered between 2010 and 2022. Publication trends revealed that the growing interest in RU/WHFG is mainly due to environmental concerns (e.g. pollution, global warming, and climate change), research collaborations, and funding availability. Stakeholder analysis revealed that numerous researchers, affiliations, and countries have actively contributed to the growth and development of RU/WHFG. Lin Fu and Tsinghua University (China) are the most prolific researchers and affiliations, whereas the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and China are the most prolific funder and country, respectively. Funding availability from influential schemes such as NSFC has accounted for China's dominance. Keyword co-occurrence identified three major research hotspots, namely, thermal energy utilisation and management (cluster 1), integrated energy and resource recovery (cluster 2), and system analysis and optimisation (cluster 3). Literature review revealed that researchers are currently focused on maximising thermodynamic/energy efficiency, fuel minimisation, and emission reduction. Despite progress, research gaps remain in low-temperature/low-grade waste heat recovery, utilisation, storage, life cycle, and environmental impact analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
- UTM Centre for Low Carbon Transport (LoCARtic), Institute for Vehicle Systems & Engineering (IVeSE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Izwanne Mahyon
- UTM Centre for Low Carbon Transport (LoCARtic), Institute for Vehicle Systems & Engineering (IVeSE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Meng Soon Chiong
- UTM Centre for Low Carbon Transport (LoCARtic), Institute for Vehicle Systems & Engineering (IVeSE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Srithar Rajoo
- UTM Centre for Low Carbon Transport (LoCARtic), Institute for Vehicle Systems & Engineering (IVeSE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Apostolos Pesiridis
- Centre for Advanced Powertrain & Fuels Research, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace & Civil Engineering, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Syie Luing Wong
- Dpto. Matemática Aplicada, Ciencia E Niemiera de Materiales Y Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán S/N, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
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Angori G, Marzocchi C, Ramaciotti L, Rizzo U. A patent-based analysis of the evolution of basic, mission-oriented, and applied research in European universities. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2023; 49:1-33. [PMID: 37359817 PMCID: PMC10031716 DOI: 10.1007/s10961-023-10001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of basic and applied research at university and industry have steadily changed since the Eighties, with the private sector reducing its investments in science and universities experiencing significant remodelling in the governance of their funding. While studies have focussed on documenting these changes in industry, less attention has been paid to observe the trajectories of basic and applied research in universities. This work contributes to fill this gap by looking at the evolution of publicly funded research that has been patented by universities between 1978 and 2015. First, we adopt a critical perspective of the basic versus applied dichotomy and identify patents according to three typologies of research: basic, mission-oriented, and applied research. Second, we describe the evolution of these three typologies in universities compared to industry. Our results show that over the years, patents from academic research that was publicly funded have become more oriented towards pure basic research, with mission-oriented basic research and pure applied research decreasing from the late 1990s. These results complement and extend the literature on basic and applied research dynamics in the private sector. By introducing mission-oriented research as a type of basic research with consideration of use, the work problematises the basic and applied research dichotomy and provides insights into the evolution of academic research focus, offering a more complex picture of how university research contributes to industry and broader social value creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Angori
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Marzocchi
- Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, England, UK
| | - Laura Ramaciotti
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ugo Rizzo
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- SEEDS, Sustainability, Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies, Ferrara, Italy
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A helping hand from the government? How public research funding affects academic output in less-prestigious universities in China. RESEARCH POLICY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2022.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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How much does a Ph.D. scholarship program impact an emerging economy research performance? Scientometrics 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-022-04487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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The Impact of Innovation-Driven Strategy on High-Quality Economic Development: Evidence from China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It is of great significance to study the impact of innovation-driven strategy on high-quality development. This paper investigates the relationship between the economic development quality index (EDQI) and the innovation-driven index (IDI) using the entropy method based on China’s macroeconomic data from 2000 to 2019. It examines the impacts of innovation-driven strategy on the economy using systematic cluster analysis and the impact of innovation on economic development quality through regression analyses. Results of empirical analyses illustrate that the innovation-driven strategy of China has played an important role in the quality of economic development. Still, the lack of hard innovation leads to primary and secondary industries’ insufficient development quality. Different innovation indicators have different effects, and the overall efficiency of financial research funds is insufficient. Further, the results also show that the positive role of innovation-driven strategy is mainly realized through high-tech markets in China. Therefore, R&D investment should focus on high-tech industries or fields related to the national economic lifeline or strategic industries, such as environmental protection, microchips, and high-end instruments industries in China. This paper attempts to study the effect of China’s innovation-driven strategy on the quality of economic development to provide reference experience for developing countries’ sustainable economic development.
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Duan P. How large of a grant size is appropriate? Evidence from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264070. [PMID: 35213595 PMCID: PMC8880750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the current universal trend towards larger grant sizes in research funding systems, we focus on how large of a grant size is appropriate. We study the directional returns to scale (RTS) to assess whether current grant sizes are the most productive. We take the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) as an example and select three samples of physics, geography and management for an empirical study. We find that the optimal input direction and the most productive grant size scale is different for the three disciplines; based on the current grant size, physics should not expand the grant size and team size input, geography should further increase the grant size to improve performance and management should further expand the team size rather than the grant size. In this paper, we demonstrate a new method to calculate the optimal direction, which is the lowest rate of congestion, according to the characteristics of the General Program. Based on these results, we also calculate the most productive scale size. This method has certain value for project management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Duan
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
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Jha SG, Borowsky AT, Cole BJ, Fahlgren N, Farmer A, Huang SSC, Karia P, Libault M, Provart NJ, Rice SL, Saura-Sanchez M, Agarwal P, Ahkami AH, Anderton CR, Briggs SP, Brophy JAN, Denolf P, Di Costanzo LF, Exposito-Alonso M, Giacomello S, Gomez-Cano F, Kaufmann K, Ko DK, Kumar S, Malkovskiy AV, Nakayama N, Obata T, Otegui MS, Palfalvi G, Quezada-Rodríguez EH, Singh R, Uhrig RG, Waese J, Van Wijk K, Wright RC, Ehrhardt DW, Birnbaum KD, Rhee SY. Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas. eLife 2021; 10:e66877. [PMID: 34491200 PMCID: PMC8423441 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component of fundamental science, agriculture, environmental stewardship, energy, technology and healthcare. This effort requires a conceptual and technological framework to identify and map all cell types, and to comprehensively annotate the localization and organization of molecules at cellular and tissue levels. This framework, called the Plant Cell Atlas (PCA), will be critical for understanding and engineering plant development, physiology and environmental responses. A workshop was convened to discuss the purpose and utility of such an initiative, resulting in a roadmap that acknowledges the current knowledge gaps and technical challenges, and underscores how the PCA initiative can help to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryatapa Ghosh Jha
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
| | - Alexander T Borowsky
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Benjamin J Cole
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryWalnut CreekUnited States
| | - Noah Fahlgren
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome ResourcesSanta FeUnited States
| | | | - Purva Karia
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnUnited States
| | - Nicholas J Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology and the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Selena L Rice
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
| | - Maite Saura-Sanchez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Amir H Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandUnited States
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandUnited States
| | - Steven P Briggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | | | | | - Luigi F Di Costanzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINapoliItaly
| | - Moises Exposito-Alonso
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceTübingenGermany
| | | | - Fabio Gomez-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Kerstin Kaufmann
- Department for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universitaet zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Dae Kwan Ko
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Sagar Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjabi UniversityPatialaIndia
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
| | - Naomi Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-LincolnMadisonUnited States
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Gergo Palfalvi
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
| | - Elsa H Quezada-Rodríguez
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoLeónMexico
| | - Rajveer Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaIndia
| | - R Glen Uhrig
- Department of Science, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Jamie Waese
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Klaas Van Wijk
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - R Clay Wright
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
| | - David W Ehrhardt
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
| | - Kenneth D Birnbaum
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Seung Y Rhee
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordUnited States
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