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Palisch AC. Airway Management of the Cardiac Arrest Victim. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2023; 41:543-558. [PMID: 37391249 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate airway management is critical to successful cardiac arrest resuscitation. However, the timing and method of airway management during cardiac arrest have traditionally been guided by expert and consensus opinion informed by observational data. In the last 5 years, recent studies, including several randomized controlled trials (RCTs), have provided additional clarity to help guide airway management. This article will review both current data and guidelines for airway management in cardiac arrest, a stepwise approach to airway management, the utility of various airway adjuncts, and best practices for oxygenation and ventilation in the peri-arrest period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Chase Palisch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Bierens J, Bray J, Abelairas-Gomez C, Barcala-Furelos R, Beerman S, Claesson A, Dunne C, Fukuda T, Jayashree M, T Lagina A, Li L, Mecrow T, Morgan P, Schmidt A, Seesink J, Sempsrott J, Szpilman D, Thom O, Tobin J, Webber J, Johnson S, Perkins GD. A systematic review of interventions for resuscitation following drowning. Resusc Plus 2023; 14:100406. [PMID: 37424769 PMCID: PMC10323217 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, in collaboration with drowning researchers from around the world, aimed to review the evidence addressing seven key resuscitation interventions: 1) immediate versus delayed resuscitation; (2) compression first versus ventilation first strategy; (3) compression-only CPR versus standard CPR (compressions and ventilations); (4) ventilation with and without equipment; (5) oxygen administration prior to hospital arrival; (6) automated external defibrillation first versus cardiopulmonary resuscitation first strategy; (7) public access defibrillation programmes. Methods The review included studies relating to adults and children who had sustained a cardiac arrest following drowning with control groups and reported patient outcomes. Searches were run from database inception through to April 2023. The following databases were searched Ovid MEDLINE, Pre-Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool and the certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. The findings are reported as a narrative synthesis. Results Three studies were included for two of the seven interventions (2,451 patients). No randomised controlled trials were identified. A retrospective observational study reported in-water resuscitation with rescue breaths improved patient outcomes compared to delayed resuscitation on land (n = 46 patients, very low certainty of evidence). The two observational studies (n = 2,405 patients), comparing compression-only with standard resuscitation, reported no difference for most outcomes. A statistically higher rate of survival to hospital discharge was reported for the standard resuscitation group in one of these studies (29.7% versus 18.1%, adjusted odds ratio 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.01-2.36) (very low certainty of evidence). Conclusion The key finding of this systematic review is the paucity of evidence, with control groups, to inform treatment guidelines for resuscitation in drowning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Bierens
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Janet Bray
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cristian Abelairas-Gomez
- CLINURSID Research Group and Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade de Vigo. Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Andreas Claesson
- Centre for Resuscitation Science, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cody Dunne
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Tatsuma Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Toranomon Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muralidharan Jayashree
- Department of Pediatrics. Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anthony T Lagina
- School of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Lei Li
- School of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tom Mecrow
- Royal National Lifeboat Institution, West Quay Road, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Patrick Morgan
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Andrew Schmidt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Jeroen Seesink
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Department of Anaesthesiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - David Szpilman
- Brazilian Lifesaving Society, SOBRASA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ogilvie Thom
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Joshua Tobin
- UT Health San Antonio, Dept of Anesthesiology, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jonathon Webber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Castillo J, González-Marrón A, Llongueras A, Camós L, Montané M, Rodríguez-Higueras E. Competencies in Basic Life Support after a Course with or without Rescue Ventilation: Historical Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2564. [PMID: 36554087 PMCID: PMC9779074 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simplifying the international guidelines to improve skills after training and their retention over time has been one of the top priorities in recent years. The objective of our study was to compare the results of the practical skills learned during training in basic life support with and without pulmonary ventilation. METHODS This was a comparative study of historical cohorts consisting of undergraduate students in health sciences. In one cohort, rescue breathing was performed, and in the other, it was not. The same data collection instruments were used for both cohorts: a test type examination of knowledge, data from a smart mannequin and an instructor observation grid. The means of knowledge and practical skills scores collected by the mannequin were compared using independent sample t-tests. RESULTS 497 students were recruited without significant differences between the two cohorts. The mean scores for knowledge and skills determined by the instructor and the mannequin were statistically higher in the cohort that did not perform rescue breathing. CONCLUSION Students who participated in basic life support training that did not include rescue breathing scored better than those who participated in training that included this skill. Training with only compressions simplifies the guidelines and increases learning and content retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Castillo
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián González-Marrón
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Camós
- Sistema Emergències Mèdiques (SEM), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Montané
- Sistema Emergències Mèdiques (SEM), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
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Gino B, Williams KL, Neilson CS, d'Entremont P, Dubrowski A, Renouf TS. The PHOENIX: Design and Development of a Three-Dimensional-Printed Drone Prototype and Corresponding Simulation Scenario Based on the Management of Cardiac Arrest. Cureus 2022; 14:e21594. [PMID: 35228952 PMCID: PMC8873274 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains one of the most prevalent cardiovascular emergencies in the world. The development of international protocols and the use of accessible devices such as automated external defibrillators (AEDs) allowed for the standardization and organization of medical care related to SCA. When defibrillation is performed within five minutes of starting ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), the victim survival rate has increased considerably. Therefore, training healthcare professionals to use AEDs correctly is essential to improve patient outcomes and response time in the intervention. In this technical report, we advocate simulation-based education as a teaching methodology and an essential component of drone adaptation, novel technology, that can deliver AEDs to the site, as well as a training scenario to teach healthcare professionals how to operate the real-time communication components of drones and AEDs efficiently. Studies have suggested that simulation can be an effective way to train healthcare professionals. Through teaching methodology using simulation, training these audiences has the potential to reduce the response time to intervention, consequently, increasing the patient's chance of surviving.
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Lim SH, Chee TS, Wee FC, Tan SH, Loke JH, Leong BSH. Singapore Basic Cardiac Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation Guidelines 2021. Singapore Med J 2021; 62:415-423. [PMID: 35001107 PMCID: PMC8804482 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2021108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Basic Cardiac Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation (BCLS+AED) refers to the skills required in resuscitating cardiac arrest casualties. On recognising cardiac arrest, the rescuer should call for '995' for Emergency Ambulance and immediately initiate chest compressions. Good-quality chest compressions are performed with arms extended, elbows locked, shoulders directly perpendicular over the casualty's chest, and the heel of the palm placed on the lower half of the sternum. The rescuer compresses hard and fast at 4-6 cm depth for adults at a compression rate of 100-120 per minute, with complete chest recoil after each compression. Two quick ventilations of 400-600 mL each can be delivered via a bag-valve-mask after every 30 chest compressions. Alternatively, a trained, able and willing rescuer can provide mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be stopped only when the casualty wakes up, the emergency team takes over care, or when an automated external defibrillator prompts for heart rhythm analysis or delivery of a shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Han Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tek Siong Chee
- Chee Heart Specialists Clinic, Parkway East Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Fong Chi Wee
- Nursing Service, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Siew Hong Tan
- School of Health and Social Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jun Hao Loke
- Singapore Resuscitation and First Aid Council, Unit for Pre-hospital Emergency Care, Singapore
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Riva G, Hollenberg J. Different forms of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Intern Med 2021; 290:57-72. [PMID: 33527546 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of death in the Western world with an estimated number of 275 000 treated with resuscitation attempts by the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Europe each year. Overall survival rates remain low, and most studies indicate that around 1 out 10 will survive to 30 days. Amongst the strongest factors associated with survival in OHCA is first recorded rhythm amendable to defibrillation, early defibrillation and prompt initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Overall, CPR started prior to EMS arrival has repeatedly been shown to be associated with survival rates 2-3 times higher compared with no such initiation. The primary goal of CPR is to generate sufficient blood flow to vital organs, mainly the brain and heart, until restoration of spontaneous circulation can be achieved. Barriers to the initiation of CPR by bystanders in OHCA include fear of being incapable, causing harm, and transmission of infectious diseases. Partly due to these barriers, and low rates of CPR, the concept of CPR with compression only was proposed as a simpler form of resuscitation with the aim to be more widely accepted by the public in the 1990s. But how reliable is the evidence supporting this simpler form of CPR, and are the outcomes after CO-CPR comparable to standard CPR?
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Affiliation(s)
- G Riva
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - J Hollenberg
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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To ventilate or not to ventilate during bystander CPR - A EuReCa TWO analysis. Resuscitation 2021; 166:101-109. [PMID: 34146622 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is still low. For every minute without resuscitation the likelihood of survival decreases. One critical step is initiation of immediate, high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim of this subgroup analysis of data collected for the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest Study number 2 (EuReCa TWO) was to investigate the association between OHCA survival and two types of bystander CPR namely: chest compression only CPR (CConly) and CPR with chest compressions and ventilations (FullCPR). METHOD In this subgroup analysis of EuReCa TWO, all patients who received bystander CPR were included. Outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation and survival to 30-days or hospital discharge. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis with survival as the dependent variable was performed. RESULTS A total of 5884 patients were included in the analysis, varying between countries from 21 to 1444. Survival was 320 (8%) in the CConly group and 174 (13%) in the FullCPR group. After adjustment for age, sex, location, rhythm, cause, time to scene, witnessed collapse and country, patients who received FullCPR had a significantly higher survival rate when compared to those who received CConly (adjusted odds ration 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.17-1.83). CONCLUSION In this analysis, FullCPR was associated with higher survival compared to CConly. Guidelines should continue to emphasise the importance of compressions and ventilations during resuscitation for patients who suffer OHCA and CPR courses should continue to teach both.
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Nakahara S, Nagao T, Nishi R, Sakamoto T. Task-shift Model in Pre-hospital Care and Standardized Nationwide Data Collection in Japan: Improved Outcomes for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients. JMA J 2021; 4:8-16. [PMID: 33575498 PMCID: PMC7872786 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2020-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a growing worldwide public health concern. Previously, Japan experienced poorer outcomes among OHCA patients than in other high-income countries. In the early 1990s, through policy changes, the Japanese government introduced a task-shift model in pre-hospital care. Some medical practices previously provided by physicians exclusively were delegated to non-physicians, including laypeople. Additionally, we initiated a nationwide data collection system for evaluation. We started a nationwide registry of OHCA patients, a paramedic system to provide advanced life-support care, and basic life-support training for laypeople. In the 2000s, the procedures paramedics could provide were expanded, laypeople were allowed to use automated external defibrillators, and the Utstein style was introduced to the national registry. Consequently, pre-hospital advanced care and bystander first-aid increased, registry-based research contributed to evidence-based practices, and―most importantly―outcomes of OHCA patients considerably improved. These Japanese experiences demonstrate that streamlining pre-hospital care, including bystander interventions and standardized data collection, can improve OHCA patient outcomes. Despite this progress, however, there still exist many issues to be addressed in response to the changing and increasing care demands within Japan’s aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Nakahara
- Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nagao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakamoto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabañas JG, Donnino MW, Drennan IR, Hirsch KG, Kudenchuk PJ, Kurz MC, Lavonas EJ, Morley PT, O’Neil BJ, Peberdy MA, Rittenberger JC, Rodriguez AJ, Sawyer KN, Berg KM, Arafeh J, Benoit JL, Chase M, Fernandez A, de Paiva EF, Fischberg BL, Flores GE, Fromm P, Gazmuri R, Gibson BC, Hoadley T, Hsu CH, Issa M, Kessler A, Link MS, Magid DJ, Marrill K, Nicholson T, Ornato JP, Pacheco G, Parr M, Pawar R, Jaxton J, Perman SM, Pribble J, Robinett D, Rolston D, Sasson C, Satyapriya SV, Sharkey T, Soar J, Torman D, Von Schweinitz B, Uzendu A, Zelop CM, Magid DJ. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2020; 142:S366-S468. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Plasma Adenylate Levels are Elevated in Cardiopulmonary Arrest Patients and May Predict Mortality. Shock 2020; 51:698-705. [PMID: 30052576 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral and cardiac dysfunction cause morbidity and mortality in postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) patients. Predicting clinical outcome is necessary to provide the optimal level of life support for these patients. In this pilot study, we examined whether plasma ATP and adenylate levels have value in predicting clinical outcome in PCAS patients. In total, 15 patients who experienced cardiac arrest outside the hospital setting and who could be reanimated were enrolled in this study. Healthy volunteers (n = 8) served as controls. Of the 15 PCAS patients, 8 died within 4 days after resuscitation. Of the 7 survivors, 2 lapsed into vegetative states, 1 survived with moderate disabilities, and 4 showed good recoveries. Arterial blood samples were drawn immediately after successful resuscitation and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The concentrations of ATP and other adenylates in plasma were assessed with high-performance liquid chromatography. PCAS patients had significantly higher ATP levels than healthy controls. Plasma ATP levels correlated with lactate levels, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, and the time it took to ROSC (time-to-ROSC). Plasma adenylate levels in patients who died after resuscitation were significantly higher than in survivors. Based on our results and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, we conclude that plasma adenylate levels may help predict outcome in PCAS patients.
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Sato N, Matsuyama T, Kitamura T, Hirose Y. Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by a Family Member and a Non-family Member. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:259-264. [PMID: 32307352 PMCID: PMC7940978 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) plays an essential role in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) care, little is known about the bystander-patient relationship in the actual setting. This study aimed to assess the disparities in BCPR performed by a family member and that performed by a non-family member. Methods This population-based observational study involved all adult patients with witnessed OHCAs of medical origin in Niigata City, Japan, between January 2012 and December 2016, according to the Utstein style. We used logistic regression analysis to assess the association between the witnessing person and the probability of providing BCPR. Next, among those who received BCPR, we sought to investigate the difference between BCPR performed by family and that performed by non-family members in terms of whether those who witnessed the arrests actually performed BCPR. Results During the study period, 818 were eligible for this analysis, with 609 (74.4%) patients witnessed by family and 209 (25.6%) patients witnessed by non-family members. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that OHCA patients witnessed by family were less likely to receive BCPR compared to those witnessed by non-family members (260/609 [42.7%] versus 119/209 [56.9%], P = 0.017). Among the witnessed patients for whom BCPR was performed, the proportion of BCPR actually performed by a family member was lower than that performed by a non-family member (242/260 [93.1%] versus 116/119 [97.5%], P = 0.011). Conclusions In this community-based observational study, we found that a witnessing family member is less likely to perform BCPR than a witnessing non-family member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Sato
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Niigata City General Hospital
| | - Tasuku Matsuyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Services, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Yasuo Hirose
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Niigata City General Hospital
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Berg DD, Bobrow BJ, Berg RA. Key components of a community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 16:407-416. [PMID: 30858511 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with substantial geographical, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in outcome. Successful resuscitation efforts depend on the 'chain of survival', which includes immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system, early bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an emphasis on chest compressions, rapid defibrillation, basic and advanced emergency medical services and integrated post-cardiac arrest care. Well-orchestrated telecommunicator CPR programmes can improve rates of bystander CPR - a critical link in the chain of survival. High-performance CPR by emergency medical service providers includes minimizing interruptions in chest compressions and ensuring adequate depth of compressions. Developing local, regional and statewide systems with dedicated high-performing cardiac resuscitation centres for post-resuscitation care can substantially improve survival after OHCA. Innovative digital tools for recognizing cardiac arrest where and when it occurs, notifying potential citizen rescuers and providing automated external defibrillators at the scene hold the promise of improving survival after OHCA. Improved implementation of the chain of survival can save thousands of lives each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Berg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bentley J Bobrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert A Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Fukuda T, Ohashi-Fukuda N, Hayashida K, Kondo Y, Kukita I. Bystander-initiated conventional vs compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to drowning. Resuscitation 2019; 145:166-174. [PMID: 31639461 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Great emphasis has been placed on rescue breathing in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to drowning. However, there is no evidence about the effect of rescue breathing on neurologically favorable survival after OHCA due to drowning. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of bystander-initiated conventional (with rescue breathing) versus compression-only (without rescue breathing) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in OHCA due to drowning. METHODS This nationwide population-based observational study using prospectively collected government-led registry data included patients with OHCA due to drowning who were transported to an emergency hospital in Japan between 2013 and 2016. The primary outcome was one-month neurologically favorable survival. RESULTS The full cohort (n = 5121) comprised 2486 (48.5%) male patients, and the mean age was 72.4 years (standard deviation, 21.6). Of these, 968 (18.9%) received conventional CPR, and 4153 (81.1%) received compression-only CPR. 928 patients receiving conventional CPR were propensity-matched with 928 patients receiving compression-only CPR. In the propensity score-matched cohort, one-month neurologically favorable survival was not significantly different between the two groups (7.5% in the conventional CPR group vs. 6.6% in the compression-only CPR group; risk ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.60; P = 0.4147). This association was consistent across a variety of subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with OHCA due to drowning, there were no differences in one-month neurologically favorable survival between bystander-initiated conventional and compression-only CPR groups, although several important data (e.g., water temperature, submersion duration, or body of water) could not be addressed. Further study is warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuma Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Naoko Ohashi-Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kukita
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
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Riva G, Ringh M, Jonsson M, Svensson L, Herlitz J, Claesson A, Djärv T, Nordberg P, Forsberg S, Rubertsson S, Nord A, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J. Survival in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest After Standard Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or Chest Compressions Only Before Arrival of Emergency Medical Services: Nationwide Study During Three Guideline Periods. Circulation 2019; 139:2600-2609. [PMID: 30929457 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.038179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CO-CPR) has emerged as an alternative to standard CPR (S-CPR), using both chest compressions and rescue breaths. Since 2010, CPR guidelines recommend CO-CPR for both untrained bystanders and trained bystanders unwilling to perform rescue breaths. The aim of this study was to describe changes in the rate and type of CPR performed before the arrival of emergency medical services (EMS) during 3 consecutive guideline periods in correlation to 30-day survival. METHODS All bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests reported to the Swedish register for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 2000 to 2017 were included. Nonwitnessed, EMS-witnessed, and rescue breath-only CPR cases were excluded. Patients were categorized as receivers of no CPR (NO-CPR), S-CPR, or CO-CPR before EMS arrival. Guideline periods 2000 to 2005, 2006 to 2010, and 2011 to 2017 were used for comparisons over time. The primary outcome was 30-day survival. RESULTS A total of 30 445 patients were included. The proportions of patients receiving CPR before EMS arrival changed from 40.8% in the first time period to 58.8% in the second period, and to 68.2% in the last period. S-CPR changed from 35.4% to 44.8% to 38.1%, and CO-CPR changed from 5.4% to 14.0% to 30.1%, respectively. Thirty-day survival changed from 3.9% to 6.0% to 7.1% in the NO-CPR group, from 9.4% to 12.5% to 16.2% in the S-CPR group, and from 8.0% to 11.5% to 14.3% in the CO-CPR group. For all time periods combined, the adjusted odds ratio for 30-day survival was 2.6 (95% CI, 2.4-2.9) for S-CPR and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.8-2.3) for CO-CPR, in comparison with NO-CPR. S-CPR was superior to CO-CPR (adjusted odds ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4). CONCLUSIONS In this nationwide study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during 3 periods of different CPR guidelines, there was an almost a 2-fold higher rate of CPR before EMS arrival and a concomitant 6-fold higher rate of CO-CPR over time. Any type of CPR was associated with doubled survival rates in comparison with NO-CPR. These findings support continuous endorsement of CO-CPR as an option in future CPR guidelines because it is associated with higher CPR rates and overall survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Riva
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.R., M. Ringh, M.J., L.S., A.C., T.D., P.N., S.F., A.N., J. Hollenberg)
| | - Mattias Ringh
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.R., M. Ringh, M.J., L.S., A.C., T.D., P.N., S.F., A.N., J. Hollenberg)
| | - Martin Jonsson
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.R., M. Ringh, M.J., L.S., A.C., T.D., P.N., S.F., A.N., J. Hollenberg)
| | - Leif Svensson
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.R., M. Ringh, M.J., L.S., A.C., T.D., P.N., S.F., A.N., J. Hollenberg)
| | - Johan Herlitz
- The Centre for Pre-hospital Research in Western Sweden, University of Borås, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J. Herlitz)
| | - Andreas Claesson
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.R., M. Ringh, M.J., L.S., A.C., T.D., P.N., S.F., A.N., J. Hollenberg)
| | - Therese Djärv
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.R., M. Ringh, M.J., L.S., A.C., T.D., P.N., S.F., A.N., J. Hollenberg)
| | - Per Nordberg
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.R., M. Ringh, M.J., L.S., A.C., T.D., P.N., S.F., A.N., J. Hollenberg)
| | - Sune Forsberg
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.R., M. Ringh, M.J., L.S., A.C., T.D., P.N., S.F., A.N., J. Hollenberg)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Norrtälje Hospital, Sweden (S.F.)
| | - Sten Rubertsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.R.)
| | - Anette Nord
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.R., M. Ringh, M.J., L.S., A.C., T.D., P.N., S.F., A.N., J. Hollenberg)
| | - Mårten Rosenqvist
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Section of Cardiology, Stockholm, Sweden (M. Rosenqvist)
| | - Jacob Hollenberg
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.R., M. Ringh, M.J., L.S., A.C., T.D., P.N., S.F., A.N., J. Hollenberg)
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15
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Abstract
Stuart Barker, Graduate Tutor in Adult Nursing, Northumbria University ( stuart.j.barker@northumbria.ac.uk ), discusses assessing the unresponsive patient and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation as the crucial first steps in the chain of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Barker
- Graduate Tutor in Adult Nursing, Northumbria University
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16
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Aramendi E, Lu Y, Chang MP, Elola A, Irusta U, Owens P, Idris AH. A novel technique to assess the quality of ventilation during pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2018; 132:41-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Homma Y, Shiga T, Funakoshi H, Miyazaki D, Sakurai A, Tahara Y, Nagao K, Yonemoto N, Yaguchi A, Morimura N. Association of the time to first epinephrine administration and outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: SOS-KANTO 2012 study. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 37:241-248. [PMID: 29804789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the association between the timing of first epinephrine administration (EA) and the neurological outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) with both initial shockable and non-shockable rhythms. METHODS This was a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study (SOS-KANTO 2012), which registered OHCA patients in the Kanto region of Japan from January 2012 to March 2013. We included consecutive adult OHCA patients who received epinephrine. The primary result included 1-month favorable neurological outcomes defined as cerebral performance category (CPC) 1 or 2. Secondary results included 1-month survival and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after arrival at the hospital. Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined the association between delay per minute of the time from call to first EA in both pre- or in-hospital settings and outcomes. RESULTS Of the 16,452 patients, 9344 were eligible for our analyses. In univariable analysis, the delay in EA was associated with decreased favorable neurological outcomes only when the initial rhythm was a non-shockable rhythm. In multivariable analyses, delay in EA was associated with decreased ROSC (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for one minute delay, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.98) and 1-month survival (adjusted OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97) when the initial rhythm was a non-shockable rhythm, whereas during a shockable rhythm, delay in EA was not associated with decreased ROSC and 1-month survival. CONCLUSIONS While assessing the effectiveness of epinephrine for OHCA, we should consider the time-limited effects of epinephrine. Additionally, consideration of early EA based on the pathophysiology is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Homma
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan; Center for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Shiga
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan; Department of Emergency Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Funakoshi
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Dai Miyazaki
- Advanced Emergency Medical and Critical Care Center, Japanese Redcross Maebashi Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakurai
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardio-vascular Center Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Nagao
- Cardiovascular Center, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arino Yaguchi
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Morimura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Kitamura T, Kiyohara K, Nishiyama C, Kiguchi T, Kobayashi D, Kawamura T, Iwami T. Chest compression-only versus conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation for bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of medical origin: A propensity score-matched cohort from 143,500 patients. Resuscitation 2018; 126:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Baldi E, Contri E, Burkart R, Borrelli P, Ferraro OE, Tonani M, Cutuli A, Bertaia D, Iozzo P, Tinguely C, Lopez D, Boldarin S, Deiuri C, Dénéréaz S, Dénéréaz Y, Terrapon M, Tami C, Cereda C, Somaschini A, Cornara S, Cortegiani A. Protocol of a Multicenter International Randomized Controlled Manikin Study on Different Protocols of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for laypeople (MANI-CPR). BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019723. [PMID: 29674365 PMCID: PMC5914707 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death in industrialised countries. Survival depends on prompt identification of cardiac arrest and on the quality and timing of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation. For laypeople, there has been a growing interest on hands-only CPR, meaning continuous chest compression without interruption to perform ventilations. It has been demonstrated that intentional interruptions in hands-only CPR can increase its quality. The aim of this randomised trial is to compare three CPR protocols performed with different intentional interruptions with hands-only CPR. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a prospective randomised trial performed in eight training centres. Laypeople who passed a basic life support course will be randomised to one of the four CPR protocols in an 8 min simulated cardiac arrest scenario on a manikin: (1) 30 compressions and 2 s pause; (2) 50 compressions and 5 s pause; (3) 100 compressions and 10 s pause; (4) hands-only. The calculated sample size is 552 people. The primary outcome is the percentage of chest compression performed with correct depth evaluated by a computerised feedback system (Laerdal QCPR). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: . Due to the nature of the study, we obtained a waiver from the Ethics Committee (IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy). All participants will sign an informed consent form before randomisation. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journal. The data collected will also be made available in a public data repository. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02632500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Baldi
- Pavia nel Cuore ONLUS, Pavia, Italy
- Robbio nel Cuore ONLUS, Robbio, Italy
- School of Cardiovascular Disease c/o Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Contri
- Pavia nel Cuore ONLUS, Pavia, Italy
- Robbio nel Cuore ONLUS, Robbio, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roman Burkart
- Swiss Resuscitation Council, Bern, Switzerland
- Fondazione Ticino Cuore, Breganzona, Switzerland
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ottavia Eleonora Ferraro
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Tonani
- Pavia nel Cuore ONLUS, Pavia, Italy
- Emergency Medicine Department, Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Iozzo
- General Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Susi Boldarin
- Centro Studi e Formazione Gymnasium, Pordenone, Italy
| | | | - Sandrine Dénéréaz
- École Supérieure d’Ambulancier et Soins d’Urgence Romande (ES-ASUR), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Dénéréaz
- École Supérieure d’Ambulancier et Soins d’Urgence Romande (ES-ASUR), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Tami
- Federazione Cantonale Ticinese Servizi Autoambulanze, Lugano, Switzerland
- Accademia di Medicina d’Urgenza Ticinese (AMUT), Breganzona, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Cereda
- Federazione Cantonale Ticinese Servizi Autoambulanze, Lugano, Switzerland
- Accademia di Medicina d’Urgenza Ticinese (AMUT), Breganzona, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Somaschini
- Pavia nel Cuore ONLUS, Pavia, Italy
- School of Cardiovascular Disease c/o Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Cornara
- Pavia nel Cuore ONLUS, Pavia, Italy
- School of Cardiovascular Disease c/o Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Section of Anesthesia Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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20
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Tanaka S, White AE, Sagisaka R, Chong G, Ng E, Seow J, MJ NA, Tanaka H, Ong MEH. Comparison of quality of chest compressions during training of laypersons using Push Heart and Little Anne manikins using blinded CPRcards. Int J Emerg Med 2017; 10:20. [PMID: 28647922 PMCID: PMC5483220 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-017-0147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) training using less expensive and easily portable manikins is one way to increase the number of trained laypeople in a short time. The easy-to-carry, low-cost CPR training model called Push Heart (PH) is widely used in Japan. The aim of this study was to examine if PH can achieve chest compression quality that is similar to that using more conventional Little Anne (LA) manikins for training laypersons. METHODS This prospective randomized crossover study was done during routine community CPR training of laypersons in Singapore. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups, using the PH and LA models respectively. They crossed over during the training so that both groups had measurements using both models. Chest compression data were collected using blinded CPRcards, which are credit card-sized devices with accelerometers and data capture. Participants did not receive any CPR feedback during measurement. RESULTS Forty-two people had data captured for the study with 15 males. The median compression depth was 41.5 mm on LA and 38.0 mm on PH (p = 0.0664), and median compression rate was 105 cpm on LA and 103 cpm on PH (p = 0.2429). Overall, only 1.5% of compressions performed on the PH achieved adequate depth of between 50-70 mm compared to 5.5% achieved on LA (p = 0.049). In contrast, 84% of all compressions performed on the PH were within the adequate rate of 100-120 cpm compared to 79.5% on LA (p = 0.457). Only the under 20-year-old group was able to achieve adequate median compression depth (50.5 mm) on LA, while the older age groups did not (p = 0.0024). The other age groups performed similar quality of chest compression regardless of the model used. 73.8% of participants preferred the LA for training. After the training, participants felt similarly well-prepared with either model with a median score of 8/10 on LA compared to 7/10 on PH (p = 0.0011). CONCLUSIONS The PH can be an alternative mass CPR training model. Both models achieved satisfactory chest compression rates, but the majority of participants, especially the elderly, had difficulty achieving adequate depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tanaka
- Research Institute of Disaster management and EMS, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexander E. White
- Unit for Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryo Sagisaka
- Department of EMS System, Graduate School, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guanseng Chong
- Unit for Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eileen Ng
- Unit for Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinny Seow
- Unit for Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurul Asyikin MJ
- Unit for Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hideharu Tanaka
- Department of EMS System, Graduate School, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marcus Eng Hock Ong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Garg R, Ahmed SM, Kapoor MC, Mishra BB, Rao SSCC, Kalandoor MV, Divatia JV, Singh B. Basic cardiopulmonary life support (BCLS) for cardiopulmonary resuscitation by trained paramedics and medics outside the hospital. Indian J Anaesth 2017; 61:874-882. [PMID: 29217852 PMCID: PMC5703000 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_637_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiopulmonary resuscitation guideline of Basic Cardiopulmonary Life Support (BCLS) for management of adult victims with cardiopulmonary arrest outside the hospital provides an algorithmic stepwise approach for optimal outcome of the victims by trained medics and paramedics. This guideline has been developed considering the need to have a universally acceptable practice guideline for India and keeping in mind the infrastructural limitations of some areas of the country. This guideline is based on evidence elicited in the international and national literature. In the absence of data from Indian population, the excerpts have been taken from international data, discussed with Indian experts and thereafter modified to make them practically applicable across India. The optimal outcome for a victim with cardiopulmonary arrest would depend on core links of early recognition and activation; early high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation, early defibrillation and early transfer to medical facility. These links are elaborated in a stepwise manner in the BCLS algorithm. The BCLS also emphasise on quality check for various steps of resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Garg
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesiology and Palliative Medicine, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Moied Ahmed
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, J N Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Address for correspondence: Prof. Syed Moied Ahmed, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, J N Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| | | | | | - SSC Chakra Rao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Care Emergency Hospital, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Jigeeshu Vasishtha Divatia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, G B Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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22
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Ashoor HM, Lillie E, Zarin W, Pham B, Khan PA, Nincic V, Yazdi F, Ghassemi M, Ivory J, Cardoso R, Perkins GD, de Caen AR, Tricco AC. Effectiveness of different compression-to-ventilation methods for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review. Resuscitation 2017; 118:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Tanaka S, Rodrigues W, Sotir S, Sagisaka R, Tanaka H. CPR performance in the presence of audiovisual feedback or football shoulder pads. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 3:e000208. [PMID: 28761704 PMCID: PMC5530121 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be complicated by the use of protective equipment in contact sports, and the rate of success in resuscitating the patient depends on the time from incident to start of CPR. The aim of our study was to see if (1) previous training, (2) the presence of audiovisual feedback and (3) the presence of football shoulder pads (FSP) affected the quality of chest compressions. Methods Six basic life support certified athletic training students (BLS-ATS), six basic life support certified emergency medical service personnel (BLS-EMS) and six advanced cardiac life support certified emergency medical service personnel (ACLS-EMS) participated in a crossover manikin study. A quasi-experimental repeated measures design was used to measure the chest compression depth (cm), rate (cpm), depth accuracy (%) and rate accuracy (%) on four different conditions by using feedback and/or FSP. Real CPR Help manufactured by ZOLL (Chelmsford, Massachusetts, USA) was used for the audiovisual feedback. Three participants from each group performed 2 min of chest compressions at baseline first, followed by compressions with FSP, with feedback and with both FSP and feedback (FSP+feedback). The other three participants from each group performed compressions at baseline first, followed by compressions with FSP+feedback, feedback and FSP. Results CPR performance did not differ between the groups at baseline (median (IQR), BLS-ATS: 5.0 (4.4–6.1) cm, 114(96–131) cpm; BLS-EMS: 5.4 (4.1–6.4) cm, 112(99–131) cpm; ACLS-EMS: 6.4 (5.7–6.7) cm, 138(113–140) cpm; depth p=0.10, rate p=0.37). A statistically significant difference in the percentage of depth accuracy was found with feedback (median (IQR), 13.8 (0.9–49.2)% vs 69.6 (32.3–85.8)%; p=0.0002). The rate accuracy was changed from 17.1 (0–80.7)% without feedback to 59.2 (17.3–74.3)% with feedback (p=0.50). The use of feedback was effective for depth accuracy, especially in the BLS-ATS group, regardless of the presence of FSP (median (IQR), 22.0 (7.3–36.2)% vs 71.3 (35.4–86.5)%; p=0.0002). Conclusions The use of audiovisual feedback positively affects the quality of the depth of CPR. Both feedback and FSP do not alter the rate measurements. Medically trained personnel are able to deliver the desired depth regardless of the presence of FSP even though shallower chest compressions depth can be seen in CPR with FSP. A feedback device must be introduced into the athletic training settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tanaka
- Research Institute of Disaster management and EMS, Kokushikan University, Tama City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wayne Rodrigues
- Department of Exercise Science and Sports Studies, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Sotir
- Department of Exercise Science and Sports Studies, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryo Sagisaka
- Department of EMS System, Graduate School, Kokushikan University, Tama City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideharu Tanaka
- Department of EMS System, Graduate School, Kokushikan University, Tama City, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS) or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) refers to the skills required (without use of equipment) in the resuscitation of cardiac arrest individuals. On recognising cardiac arrest, chest compressions should be initiated. Good quality compressions are with arms extended, elbows locked, shoulders directly over the casualty's chest and heel of the palm on the lower half of the sternum. The rescuer pushes hard and fast, compressing 4-6 cm deep for adults at 100-120 compressions per minute with complete chest recoil. Two quick mouth-to-mouth ventilations (each 400-600 mL tidal volume) should be delivered after every 30 chest compressions. Chest compression-only CPR is recommended for lay rescuers, dispatcher-assisted CPR and those unable or unwilling to give ventilations. CPR should be stopped when the casualty wakes up, an emergency team takes over casualty care or if an automated external defibrillator prompts for analysis of heart rhythm or delivery of shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Han Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fong Chi Wee
- Nursing Service, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tek Siong Chee
- Chee Heart Specialist Clinic, Parkway East Hospital, Singapore
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25
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Perkins G, Handley A, Koster R, Castrén M, Smyth M, Olasveengen T, Monsieurs K, Raffay V, Gräsner JT, Wenzel V, Ristagno G, Soar J. [Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation.]. Notf Rett Med 2017; 20:3-24. [PMID: 32214897 PMCID: PMC7087749 DOI: 10.1007/s10049-017-0328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.D. Perkins
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Critical Care Unit, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - R.W. Koster
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Niederlande
| | - M. Castrén
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finnland
| | - M.A. Smyth
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - T. Olasveengen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norwegen
| | - K.G. Monsieurs
- Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgien
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgien
| | - V. Raffay
- Municipal Institute for Emergency Medicine Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbien
| | - J.-T. Gräsner
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - V. Wenzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - G. Ristagno
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche „Mario Negri“, Milan, Italien
| | - J. Soar
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Recruitments of trained citizen volunteering for conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation are necessary to improve the outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in remote time-distance area: A nationwide population-based study. Resuscitation 2016; 105:100-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kleinman ME, Brennan EE, Goldberger ZD, Swor RA, Terry M, Bobrow BJ, Gazmuri RJ, Travers AH, Rea T. Part 5: Adult Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2016; 132:S414-35. [PMID: 26472993 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Travers AH, Perkins GD, Berg RA, Castren M, Considine J, Escalante R, Gazmuri RJ, Koster RW, Lim SH, Nation KJ, Olasveengen TM, Sakamoto T, Sayre MR, Sierra A, Smyth MA, Stanton D, Vaillancourt C. Part 3: Adult Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 2016; 132:S51-83. [PMID: 26472859 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review comprises the most extensive literature search and evidence evaluation to date on the most important international BLS interventions, diagnostics, and prognostic factors for cardiac arrest victims. It reemphasizes that the critical lifesaving steps of BLS are (1) prevention, (2) immediate recognition and activation of the emergency response system, (3) early high-quality CPR, and (4) rapid defibrillation for shockable rhythms. Highlights in prevention indicate the rational and judicious deployment of search-and-rescue operations in drowning victims and the importance of education on opioid-associated emergencies. Other 2015 highlights in recognition and activation include the critical role of dispatcher recognition and dispatch-assisted chest compressions, which has been demonstrated in multiple international jurisdictions with consistent improvements in cardiac arrest survival. Similar to the 2010 ILCOR BLS treatment recommendations, the importance of high quality was reemphasized across all measures of CPR quality: rate, depth, recoil, and minimal chest compression pauses, with a universal understanding that we all should be providing chest compressions to all victims of cardiac arrest. This review continued to focus on the interface of BLS sequencing and ensuring high-quality CPR with other important BLS interventions, such as ventilation and defibrillation. In addition, this consensus statement highlights the importance of EMS systems, which employ bundles of care focusing on providing high-quality chest compressions while extricating the patient from the scene to the next level of care. Highlights in defibrillation indicate the global importance of increasing the number of sites with public-access defibrillation programs. Whereas the 2010 ILCOR Consensus on Science provided important direction for the “what” in resuscitation (ie, what to do), the 2015 consensus has begun with the GRADE methodology to provide direction for the quality of resuscitation. We hope that resuscitation councils and other stakeholders will be able to translate this body of knowledge of international consensus statements to build their own effective resuscitation guidelines.
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Ogata H, Fujimaru I, Kondo T. Degree of exercise intensity during continuous chest compression in upper-body-trained individuals. J Physiol Anthropol 2015; 34:43. [PMID: 26687118 PMCID: PMC4684925 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-015-0079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCO-CPR) is recommended for lay bystanders, fatigue is easily produced during CCO-CPR. If CCO-CPR can be performed at a lower intensity of exercise, higher resistance to fatigue is expected. Since chest compression is considered to be a submaximal upper body exercise in a steady rhythm and since the unit of load for chest compression is expressed as work rate, we investigated the possibility that peak work rate of the upper body determines the level of exercise intensity during CCO-CPR. Methods Twelve sedentary individuals (group Se), 11 rugby players (group R), and 11 swimmers (group Sw) performed 10-min CCO-CPR, and heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured as indices of exercise intensity. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to assess potential relationships of upper body weight, peak lumbar extension force, peak work rate, and peak oxygen uptake recorded during arm-crank exercise with HR and RPE during CCO-CPR. Results Values of peak work rate during arm-crank exercise (Peak WR-AC) in group Se, group R, and group Sw were 108 ± 12, 139 ± 27, and 146 ± 24 watts, respectively. Values of the latter two groups were significantly higher than the value of group Se (group R, P < 0.01; group Sw, P < 0.001). HR during CCO-CPR increased with time, reaching 127.8 ± 17.6, 114.8 ± 16.5, and 118.1 ± 14.2 bpm at the 10th minute in group Se, group R, and group Sw, respectively. On the other hand, RPE during CCO-CPR increased with time, reaching 16.4 ± 1.4, 15.4 ± 1.7, and 13.9 ± 2.2 at the 10th minute in group Se, group R, and group Sw, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only peak WR-AC affects both HR and RPE at the 10th minute of CCO-CPR (HR, r = −0.458; P < 0.01; RPE, r = −0.384, P < 0.05). Conclusions The degree of exercise intensity during CCO-CPR is lower in individuals who have a higher peak work rate of the upper body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayoshi Ogata
- Department of Lifelong Sports for Health, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Ikuyo Fujimaru
- Department of Lifelong Sports for Health, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Takaharu Kondo
- Department of Lifelong Sports for Health, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
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Monsieurs K, Nolan J, Bossaert L, Greif R, Maconochie I, Nikolaou N, Perkins G, Soar J, Truhlář A, Wyllie J, Zideman D. Kurzdarstellung. Notf Rett Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-015-0097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kudenchuk PJ, Sandroni C, Drinhaus HR, Böttiger BW, Cariou A, Sunde K, Dworschak M, Taccone FS, Deye N, Friberg H, Laureys S, Ledoux D, Oddo M, Legriel S, Hantson P, Diehl JL, Laterre PF. Breakthrough in cardiac arrest: reports from the 4th Paris International Conference. Ann Intensive Care 2015; 5:22. [PMID: 26380990 PMCID: PMC4573754 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-015-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Jean-Luc Diehl The French Intensive Care Society organized on 5th and 6th June 2014 its 4th "Paris International Conference in Intensive Care", whose principle is to bring together the best international experts on a hot topic in critical care medicine. The 2014 theme was "Breakthrough in cardiac arrest", with many high-quality updates on epidemiology, public health data, pre-hospital and in-ICU cares. The present review includes short summaries of the major presentations, classified into six main chapters: Epidemiology of CA Pre-hospital management Post-resuscitation management: targeted temperature management Post-resuscitation management: optimizing organ perfusion and metabolic parameters Neurological assessment of brain damages Public healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Sandroni
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
| | - Hendrik R Drinhaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Koeln, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Bernd W Böttiger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Koeln, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Alain Cariou
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
- Paris Descartes University and Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School and INSERM U970 (Team 4), Cardiovascular Research Center, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Kjetil Sunde
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Unit Ullevål, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Martin Dworschak
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Deye
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Lariboisière University Hospital, Inserm U942, Paris, France.
| | - Hans Friberg
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège and Liège 2 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Didier Ledoux
- Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège and Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Mauro Oddo
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CHUV-University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane Legriel
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France.
| | - Philippe Hantson
- Department of Intensive Care, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Luc Diehl
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris Descartes University and Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Francois Laterre
- Department of Intensive Care, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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Perkins G, Handley A, Koster R, Castrén M, Smyth M, Olasveengen T, Monsieurs K, Raffay V, Gräsner JT, Wenzel V, Ristagno G, Soar J. [Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation.]. Notf Rett Med 2015; 18:748-769. [PMID: 32214896 PMCID: PMC7088113 DOI: 10.1007/s10049-015-0081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G.D. Perkins
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Critical Care Unit, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - R.W. Koster
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Niederlande
| | - M. Castrén
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finnland
| | - M.A. Smyth
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - T. Olasveengen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norwegen
| | - K.G. Monsieurs
- Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgien
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgien
| | - V. Raffay
- Municipal Institute for Emergency Medicine Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbien
| | - J.-T. Gräsner
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - V. Wenzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - G. Ristagno
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche „Mario Negri“, Milan, Italien
| | - J. Soar
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation 2015; 95:81-99. [PMID: 26477420 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Monsieurs KG, Nolan JP, Bossaert LL, Greif R, Maconochie IK, Nikolaou NI, Perkins GD, Soar J, Truhlář A, Wyllie J, Zideman DA, Alfonzo A, Arntz HR, Askitopoulou H, Bellou A, Beygui F, Biarent D, Bingham R, Bierens JJ, Böttiger BW, Bossaert LL, Brattebø G, Brugger H, Bruinenberg J, Cariou A, Carli P, Cassan P, Castrén M, Chalkias AF, Conaghan P, Deakin CD, De Buck ED, Dunning J, De Vries W, Evans TR, Eich C, Gräsner JT, Greif R, Hafner CM, Handley AJ, Haywood KL, Hunyadi-Antičević S, Koster RW, Lippert A, Lockey DJ, Lockey AS, López-Herce J, Lott C, Maconochie IK, Mentzelopoulos SD, Meyran D, Monsieurs KG, Nikolaou NI, Nolan JP, Olasveengen T, Paal P, Pellis T, Perkins GD, Rajka T, Raffay VI, Ristagno G, Rodríguez-Núñez A, Roehr CC, Rüdiger M, Sandroni C, Schunder-Tatzber S, Singletary EM, Skrifvars MB, Smith GB, Smyth MA, Soar J, Thies KC, Trevisanuto D, Truhlář A, Vandekerckhove PG, de Voorde PV, Sunde K, Urlesberger B, Wenzel V, Wyllie J, Xanthos TT, Zideman DA. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 1. Executive summary. Resuscitation 2015; 95:1-80. [PMID: 26477410 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koenraad G Monsieurs
- Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jerry P Nolan
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK; School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Robert Greif
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian K Maconochie
- Paediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and BRC Imperial NIHR, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Gavin D Perkins
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jasmeet Soar
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Anatolij Truhlář
- Emergency Medical Services of the Hradec Králové Region, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Wyllie
- Department of Neonatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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Perkins GD, Travers AH, Berg RA, Castren M, Considine J, Escalante R, Gazmuri RJ, Koster RW, Lim SH, Nation KJ, Olasveengen TM, Sakamoto T, Sayre MR, Sierra A, Smyth MA, Stanton D, Vaillancourt C, Bierens JJ, Bourdon E, Brugger H, Buick JE, Charette ML, Chung SP, Couper K, Daya MR, Drennan IR, Gräsner JT, Idris AH, Lerner EB, Lockhat H, Løfgren B, McQueen C, Monsieurs KG, Mpotos N, Orkin AM, Quan L, Raffay V, Reynolds JC, Ristagno G, Scapigliati A, Vadeboncoeur TF, Wenzel V, Yeung J. Part 3: Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation 2015; 95:e43-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Iwami T, Kitamura T, Kiyohara K, Kawamura T. Dissemination of Chest Compression–Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Circulation 2015; 132:415-22. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.014905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The best cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique for survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) has been intensively discussed in the recent few years. However, most analyses focused on comparison at the individual level. How well the dissemination of bystander-initiated chest compression–only CPR (CCCPR) increases survival after OHCAs at the population level remains unclear. We therefore evaluated the impact of nationwide dissemination of bystander-initiated CCCPR on survival after OHCA.
Methods and Results—
A nationwide, prospective, population-based, observational study covering the whole population of Japan and involving consecutive OHCA patients with resuscitation attempts was conducted from January 2005 through December 2012. The main outcome measure was 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcome. The incidence of survival with favorable neurological outcome attributed to types of bystander CPR (CCCPR and conventional CPR with rescue breathing) was estimated. Among 816 385 people experiencing OHCAs before emergency medical services arrival, 249 970 (30.6%) received CCCPR, 100 469 (12.3%) received conventional CPR, and 465 946 (57.1%) received no CPR. The proportion of OHCA patients receiving CCCPR or any CPR (either CCCPR or conventional CPR) by bystanders increased from 17.4% to 39.3% (
P
for trend <0.001) and from 34.6% to 47.3% (
P
for trend <0.001), respectively. The incidence of survival with favorable neurological outcome attributed to CCCPR per 10 million population significantly increased from 0.6 to 28.3 (
P
for trend=0.010), and that by any bystander-initiated CPR significantly increased from 9.0 to 43.6 (
P
for trend=0.003).
Conclusion—
Nationwide dissemination of CCCPR for lay-rescuers was associated with the increase in the incidence of survival with favorable neurological outcome after OHCAs in Japan.
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Mecrow TS, Rahman A, Mashreky SR, Rahman F, Nusrat N, Scarr J, Linnan M. Willingness to administer mouth-to-mouth ventilation in a first response program in rural Bangladesh. BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2015; 15:19. [PMID: 26231444 PMCID: PMC4522103 DOI: 10.1186/s12914-015-0057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Timely mouth-to-mouth ventilation is critical to resuscitate drowning victims. While drowning is frequent, there are no lay persons trained in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rural Bangladesh. As part of a feasibility study to create a first response system in a conservative Islamic village environment, a pilot was undertaken to examine willingness to provide mouth-to-mouth ventilation for drowning resuscitation. Methods A questionnaire was administered to 721 participants at the beginning of a village-based CPR training course. Trainees were asked regarding willingness to administer mouth-to-mouth ventilation on a variety of hypothetical victims. Responses were tabulated according to the age, sex and relationship of the trainee to the postulated victim. Results Willingness to deliver mouth-to-mouth ventilation was influenced by sex of a potential recipient and relationship to the trainee. Adolescent participants were significantly more willing to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation on someone of the same sex. Willingness increased for both sexes when the postulated victim was an immediate family member. Willingness was lower with extended family members and lowest with strangers. Adult trainees were more likely to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation than adolescent trainees in any scenario. Conclusion Adults express more willingness to resuscitate a broader range of drowning victims than adolescents. However in rural Bangladesh, adolescents are more likely to be in close proximity to a drowning in progress. Further efforts are needed to increase willingness of adolescents to provide resuscitation to drowning victims. However, despite potential cultural limitations, trained responders appear to be willing to give mouth-to-mouth ventilation to various recipients. Final determination will require evidence on response outcomes which is being collected.
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Shimamoto T, Iwami T, Kitamura T, Nishiyama C, Sakai T, Nishiuchi T, Hayashi Y, Kawamura T. Dispatcher instruction of chest compression-only CPR increases actual provision of bystander CPR. Resuscitation 2015. [PMID: 26206594 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preceding randomized controlled trial demonstrated that chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instruction by dispatcher was more effective to increase bystander CPR than conventional CPR instruction. However, the actual condition of implementation of each type of dispatcher instruction (chest compression-only CPR [CCCPR] or conventional CPR with rescue breathing) and provision of bystander CPR in real prehospital settings has not been sufficiently investigated. METHODS This registry prospectively enrolled patients aged =>18 years suffering an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) of non-traumatic causes before emergency-medical-service (EMS) arrival, who were considered as target subjects of dispatcher instruction, resuscitated by EMS personnel, and transported to medical institutions in Osaka, Japan from January 2005 through December 2012. The primary outcome measure was provision of CPR by a bystander. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors that were potentially associated with provision of bystander CPR. RESULTS Among 37,283 target subjects of dispatcher instruction, 5743 received CCCPR instruction and 13,926 received conventional CPR instruction. The proportion of CCCPR instruction increased from 5.7% in 2005 to 25.6% in 2012 (p for trend <0.001). The CCCPR instruction group received bystander CPR more frequently than conventional CPR instruction group (70.0% versus 62.1%, p<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, CCCPR dispatcher instruction was significantly associated with provision of bystander CPR compared with conventional CPR instruction (adjusted odds ratio 1.44, 95% CI 1.34-1.55). CONCLUSIONS CCCPR dispatcher instruction among adult OHCA patients significantly increased the actual provision of bystander CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Shimamoto
- Kyoto University Health Service, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Taku Iwami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Ymamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chika Nishiyama
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, Kyoto University Graduate School of Human Health Science, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sakai
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishiuchi
- Department of Acute Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hayashi
- Senri Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Saiseikai Senri Hospital, 1-1-6 Tsukumodai, Suita, Osaka 565-0862, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawamura
- Kyoto University Health Service, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Chen SQ. Advances in clinical studies of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. World J Emerg Med 2015; 6:85-93. [PMID: 26056537 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival rate of patients after cardiac arrest (CA) remains lower since 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) was published. In clinical trials, the methods and techniques for CPR have been overly described. This article gives an overview of the progress in methods and techniques for CPR in the past years. DATA SOURCES Original articles about cardiac arrest and CPR from MEDLINE (PubMed) and relevant journals were searched, and most of them were clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS Forty-two articles on methods and techniques of CPR were reviewed, including chest compression and conventional CPR, chest compression depth and speed, defibrillation strategies and priority, mechanical and manual chest compression, advanced airway management, impedance threshold device (ITD) and active compression-decompression (ACD) CPR, epinephrine use, and therapeutic hypothermia. The results of studies and related issues described in the international guidelines had been testified. CONCLUSIONS Although large multicenter studies on CPR are still difficult to carry out, progress has been made in the past 4 years in the methods and techniques of CPR. The results of this review provide evidences for updating the 2015 international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Quan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Laienreanimation nach kürzlich durchgeführtem Erste-Hilfe-Kurs. Notf Rett Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-014-1940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shin J, Hwang SY, Lee HJ, Park CJ, Kim YJ, Son YJ, Seo JS, Kim JJ, Lee JE, Lee IM, Koh BY, Hong SG. Comparison of CPR quality and rescuer fatigue between standard 30:2 CPR and chest compression-only CPR: a randomized crossover manikin trial. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2014; 22:59. [PMID: 25348723 PMCID: PMC4219085 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-014-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to compare rescuer fatigue and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality between standard 30:2 CPR (ST-CPR) and chest compression only CPR (CO-CPR) performed for 8 minutes on a realistic manikin by following the 2010 CPR guidelines. Methods All 36 volunteers (laypersons; 18 men and 18 women) were randomized to ST-CPR or CO-CPR at first, and then each CPR technique was performed for 8 minutes with a 3-hour rest interval. We measured the mean blood pressure (MBP) of the volunteers before and after performing each CPR technique, and continuously monitored the heart rate (HR) of the volunteers during each CPR technique using the MRx monitor. CPR quality measures included the depth of chest compression (CC) and the number of adequate CCs per minute. Results The adequate CC rate significantly differed between the 2 groups after 2 minutes, with it being higher in the ST-CPR group than in the CO-CPR group. Additionally, the adequate CC rate significantly differed between the 2 groups during 8 minutes for male volunteers (p =0.012). The number of adequate CCs was higher in the ST-CPR group than in the CO-CPR group after 3 minutes (p =0.001). The change in MBP before and after performing CPR did not differ between the 2 groups. However, the change in HR during 8 minutes of CPR was higher in the CO-CPR group than in the ST-CPR group (p =0.007). Conclusions The rate and number of adequate CCs were significantly lower with the CO-CPR than with the ST-CPR after 2 and 6 minutes, respectively, and performer fatigue was higher with the CO-CPR than with the ST-CPR during 8 minutes of CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seong Youn Hwang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea.
| | - Hui Jai Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chang Je Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yong Joon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yeong Ju Son
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ji Seon Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jin Joo Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gachon University Gill Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Depatment of Emergency Medical Technology, Dongnam Health University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - In Mo Lee
- Depatment of Emergency Medical Technology, Dongnam Health University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Bong Yeun Koh
- Depatment of Emergency Medical Technology, Dongnam Health University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Sung Gi Hong
- Depatment of Emergency Medical Technology, Dongnam Health University, Suwon, South Korea.
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Yao L, Wang P, Zhou L, Chen M, Liu Y, Wei X, Huang Z. Compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation vs standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an updated meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Emerg Med 2014; 32:517-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Even four minutes of poor quality of CPR compromises outcome in a porcine model of prolonged cardiac arrest. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:171862. [PMID: 24364028 PMCID: PMC3865628 DOI: 10.1155/2013/171862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Untrained bystanders usually delivered suboptimal chest compression to victims who suffered from cardiac arrest in out-of-hospital settings. We therefore investigated the hemodynamics and resuscitation outcome of initial suboptimal quality of chest compressions compared to the optimal ones in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Methods. Fourteen Yorkshire pigs weighted 30 ± 2 kg were randomized into good and poor cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) groups. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and untreated for 6 mins. In good CPR group, animals received high quality manual chest compressions according to the Guidelines (25% of animal's anterior-posterior thoracic diameter) during first two minutes of CPR compared with poor (70% of the optimal depth) compressions. After that, a 120-J biphasic shock was delivered. If the animal did not acquire return of spontaneous circulation, another 2 mins of CPR and shock followed. Four minutes later, both groups received optimal CPR until total 10 mins of CPR has been finished. Results. All seven animals in good CPR group were resuscitated compared with only two in poor CPR group (P < 0.05). The delayed optimal compressions which followed 4 mins of suboptimal compressions failed to increase the lower coronary perfusion pressure of five non-survival animals in poor CPR group.
Conclusions. In a porcine model of prolonged cardiac arrest, even four minutes of initial poor quality of CPR compromises the hemodynamics and survival outcome.
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The cool bypass toward life: hypothermic extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:2248-50. [PMID: 23979381 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31828ce8a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Iwami T, Kitamura T, Kawamura T, Mitamura H, Nagao K, Takayama M, Seino Y, Tanaka H, Nonogi H, Yonemoto N, Kimura T. Chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with public-access defibrillation: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation 2013; 126:2844-51. [PMID: 23230315 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.109504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear which is more effective to increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in those with public-access defibrillation, bystander-initiated chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or conventional CPR with rescue breathing. METHODS AND RESULTS A nationwide, prospective, population-based observational study covering the whole population of Japan and involving consecutive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with resuscitation attempts has been conducted since 2005. We enrolled all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of presumed cardiac origin that were witnessed and received shocks with public-access automated external defibrillation (AEDs) by bystanders from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2009. The main outcome measure was neurologically favorable 1-month survival. We compared outcomes by type of bystander-initiated CPR (chest compression-only CPR and conventional CPR with compressions and rescue breathing). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the type of CPR and a better neurological outcome. During the 5 years, 1376 bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of cardiac origin in individuals who received CPR and shocks with public-access AEDs by bystanders were registered. Among them, 506 (36.8%) received chest compression-only CPR and 870 (63.2%) received conventional CPR. The chest compression-only CPR group (40.7%, 206 of 506) had a significantly higher rate of 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcome than the conventional CPR group (32.9%, 286 of 870; adjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.70). CONCLUSIONS Compression-only CPR is more effective than conventional CPR for patients in whom out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is witnessed and shocked with public-access defibrillation. Compression-only CPR is the most likely scenario in which lay rescuers can witness a sudden collapse and use public-access AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Iwami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Chest-Compression-Only Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the 30:2 Compression-to-Ventilation Ratio Era. Circ J 2013; 77:2742-50. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Iwamura T, Sakamoto Y, Kutsukata N, Nakashima A, Yamashita T, Nishimura Y, Koami H, Imahase H, Yahata M, Goto A. An Utstein-style Examination of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients in Saga Prefecture, Japan. J NIPPON MED SCH 2013; 80:184-91. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.80.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroyuki Koami
- Emergency Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | | | - Mayuko Yahata
- Emergency Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Akiko Goto
- Emergency Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
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Kitamura T, Iwami T, Kawamura T, Nitta M, Nagao K, Nonogi H, Yonemoto N, Kimura T. Nationwide Improvements in Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Japan. Circulation 2012; 126:2834-43. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- From the Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto (T. Kitamura, T.I., T. Kawamura); Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo (K.N.); Division of Cardiovascular Care Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka (H.N.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Center of
| | - Taku Iwami
- From the Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto (T. Kitamura, T.I., T. Kawamura); Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo (K.N.); Division of Cardiovascular Care Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka (H.N.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Center of
| | - Takashi Kawamura
- From the Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto (T. Kitamura, T.I., T. Kawamura); Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo (K.N.); Division of Cardiovascular Care Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka (H.N.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Center of
| | - Masahiko Nitta
- From the Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto (T. Kitamura, T.I., T. Kawamura); Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo (K.N.); Division of Cardiovascular Care Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka (H.N.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Center of
| | - Ken Nagao
- From the Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto (T. Kitamura, T.I., T. Kawamura); Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo (K.N.); Division of Cardiovascular Care Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka (H.N.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Center of
| | - Hiroshi Nonogi
- From the Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto (T. Kitamura, T.I., T. Kawamura); Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo (K.N.); Division of Cardiovascular Care Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka (H.N.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Center of
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- From the Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto (T. Kitamura, T.I., T. Kawamura); Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo (K.N.); Division of Cardiovascular Care Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka (H.N.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Center of
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- From the Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto (T. Kitamura, T.I., T. Kawamura); Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo (K.N.); Division of Cardiovascular Care Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka (H.N.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Center of
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Mottram
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, F2/204 Clinical Science Center, MC 3280, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Xanthos T, Karatzas T, Stroumpoulis K, Lelovas P, Simitsis P, Vlachos I, Kouraklis G, Kouskouni E, Dontas I. Continuous chest compressions improve survival and neurologic outcome in a swine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation. Am J Emerg Med 2012; 30:1389-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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