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Wamba A, Nekaa M, Leclerc L, Denis-Vatant C, Masson J, Pourchez J. Regional French evolution of tobacco and e-cigarette experimentation and use among adolescents aged 15-16 years: A cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Loire department from 2018 to 2020. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102278. [PMID: 37389205 PMCID: PMC10300395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed/compared the evolution of tobacco and e-cigarette experimentation and use among French adolescents of the Loire department aged 15-16 years. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional/observational study conducted in 2018-2020 among 7,950 Year 11 pupils attending 27 public secondary schools of the Loire department, France. Results From 2018 to 2020, 66.18% of adolescents were "non-vapers and non-smokers", 19.76% were "vapers and smokers", 7.90% were "non-vapers and smokers" and 6.15% were "vapers and non-smokers". E-cigarette experimentation was more prevalent than tobacco experimentation (44.92% vs 41.67%), and daily vaping was less prevalent than daily smoking (5.40% vs 10.24%). More boys than girls were daily vapers or daily smokers. A decrease was observed in tobacco experimentation (from 41.22% in 2018 to 39.73% in 2020) and e-cigarette experimentation (from 50.28% in 2018 to 41.25% in 2020). Current vaping remained stable, with an increase in daily vaping. French adolescent vapers frequently use e-liquids with little or no nicotine or with fruit or sweet flavours. Conclusions Adolescents used e-cigarettes mainly for experimental and/or recreational purposes, with no intention of progression to daily smoking. Although the design of this study is not longitudinal and caution must be exercised, from our cross-sectional observational study data, it appears that the proportion of "non-vapers and non-smokers" tended to increase. "Smokers" tended to progress to the dual use of vaping and smoked tobacco, with the likely intention to reduce or quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Wamba
- École normale supérieure de Yaoundé, Département des sciences de l’éducation, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-Saint-Etienne, France
- UCT Pôle DocP2 CHU Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Mabrouk Nekaa
- Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire ECP, Éducation, Cultures, Politiques (EA 4571), France
| | - Lara Leclerc
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Julien Masson
- Institut national supérieur du professor at et de l’éducation (Académie de Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 – INSPé, Laboratoire P2S, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-Saint-Etienne, France
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Halstead M, Gray N, Gonzalez-Jimenez N, Fresquez M, Valentin-Blasini L, Watson C, Pappas RS. Analysis of Toxic Metals in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols Using a Novel Trap Design. J Anal Toxicol 2020; 44:149-155. [PMID: 31588518 PMCID: PMC7948256 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2006 the domestic popularity and sales of electronic cigarettes (i.e., electronic nicotine delivery systems or ENDS) have grown rapidly. Although the constituents of the aerosol produced by ENDS have been previously investigated, differences in puff regimens and aerosol trapping schema in published literature often complicate result comparisons and data interpretation. As the ENDS product designs continue to evolve, there is a critical need to develop and validate robust methodologies for laboratory testing, appropriate aerosol generation and trapping media required for accurate determinations of ENDS aerosol metals deliveries. A simple, high metals purity, fluoropolymer trap was developed and validated that meets standard machine puffing regimen (CORESTA Recommended Method 81) specifications and exhibits negligible acid extractable metal backgrounds. Using a standard machine puffing regimen in combination with a fluoropolymer condensation trap, aerosol was generated and collected from select ENDS devices for analysis of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, and lead with triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Devices tested spanned a range of commercial products, including flavored variants of JUUL pods, refillable tank systems, rechargeable cartridges, and single-use ENDs devices. Results showed that for aerosols generated under a fixed puffing regimen (50 puffs/collection), metal concentrations ranged from below the detection limits (LOD) to 614 ng copper and 339 ng zinc per 10 puffs. Cadmium concentrations were below LOD for all devices tested. Device specific aerosol levels of Sn and Pb ranged from below LOD to low nanogram levels. Cr and Ni were transported in aerosols at levels equivalent to, or slightly higher than in mainstream cigarette smoke using a standard smoking regimen. The generally lower levels of specific metals, Cd and Pb, transmitted in ENDS aerosols compared to mainstream cigarette smoke reflect possible reduction of harm for smokers who substitute the use of ENDS as cessation devices in place of smoking cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Halstead
- Battelle Analytical Services, 2987 Clairmont Road, Suite 450, Atlanta, USA
| | - Naudia Gray
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-4, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez-Jimenez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-4, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark Fresquez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-4, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Liza Valentin-Blasini
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-4, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Clifford Watson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-4, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - R Steven Pappas
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S110-4, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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