1
|
Nguyen J, Armstrong BS, Cowman S, Tomer Y, Veerabhadraiah SR, Beers MF, Venosa A. Immunophenotyping of Acute Inflammatory Exacerbations of Lung Injury Driven by Mutant Surfactant Protein-C: A Role for Inflammatory Eosinophils. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875887. [PMID: 35571100 PMCID: PMC9094740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammatory exacerbations (AIEs) represent immune-driven deteriorations of many chronic lung conditions, including COPD, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The first line of therapy is represented by broad-spectrum immunomodulation. Among the several inflammatory populations mobilizing during AIEs, eosinophils have been identified as promising indicators of an active inflammatory exacerbation. To better study the eosinophil-parenchymal crosstalk during AIE-PF, this work leverages a clinically relevant model of inflammatory exacerbations triggered by inducible expression of a mutation in the alveolar epithelial type 2 cell Surfactant Protein-C gene [SP-CI73T]. Unbiased single-cell sequencing analysis of controls and SP-CI73T mutants at a time coordinated with peak eosinophilia (14 days) defined heightened inflammatory activation, chemotaxis, and survival signaling (IL-6, IL-4/13, STAT3, Glucocorticoid Receptor, mTOR, and MYC) in eosinophils. To study the impact of eosinophils in inflammatory exacerbations, the SP-CI73T line was crossed with eosinophil lineage deficient mice (GATA1Δdbl) to produce the SP-CI73TGATA1KO line. Time course analysis (7-42 days) demonstrated improved lung histology, survival, and reduced inflammation in SP-CI73TGATA1KO cohorts. Spectral flow cytometry of tissue digests confirmed eosinophil depletion in GATA1KO mice and the absence of a compensatory shift in neutrophils and immature monocyte recruitment. Eosinophil deletion resulted in progressive monocyte-derived macrophage accumulation (14 days post-injury), combined with declines in CD3+CD4+ lymphocyte and B220+ B cell abundance. Histochemical analysis revealed atypical inflammatory cell activation in SP-CI73TGATA1KO mice, with reduced numbers of Arg-1+ and iNOS+ cells, but increases in tgfb1 mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and tissue. Dexamethasone treatment (1 mg/kg daily, i.p.) was utilized to investigate corticosteroid efficacy in highly eosinophilic exacerbations induced by mutant SP-CI73T. Dexamethasone successfully reduced total and eosinophil (CD11b+SigF+CD11c-) counts at 14 days and was linked to reduced evidence of structural damage and perivascular infiltrate. Together, these results illustrate the deleterious role of eosinophils in inflammatory events preceding lung fibrosis and demonstrate the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment in highly eosinophilic exacerbations induced by mutant SP-CI73T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Brittnie S. Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sophie Cowman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Michael F. Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States,*Correspondence: Alessandro Venosa,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Venosa A. Senescence in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Between Aging and Exposure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:606462. [PMID: 33282895 PMCID: PMC7689159 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.606462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, chronic pulmonary pathologies represent the third leading cause of death in the elderly population. Evidence-based projections suggest that >65 (years old) individuals will account for approximately a quarter of the world population before the turn of the century. Genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication, are described as the nine “hallmarks” that govern cellular fitness. Any deviation from the normal pattern initiates a complex cascade of events culminating to a disease state. This blueprint, originally employed to describe aberrant changes in cancer cells, can be also used to describe aging and fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the result of a progressive decline in injury resolution processes stemming from endogenous (physiological decline or somatic mutations) or exogenous stress. Environmental, dietary or occupational exposure accelerates the pathogenesis of a senescent phenotype based on (1) window of exposure; (2) dose, duration, recurrence; and (3) cells type being targeted. As the lung ages, the threshold to generate an irreversibly senescent phenotype is lowered. However, we do not have sufficient knowledge to make accurate predictions. In this review, we provide an assessment of the literature that interrogates lung epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune senescence at the intersection of aging, environmental exposure and pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muthumalage T, Lucas JH, Wang Q, Lamb T, McGraw MD, Rahman I. Pulmonary Toxicity and Inflammatory Response of E-Cigarette Vape Cartridges Containing Medium-Chain Triglycerides Oil and Vitamin E Acetate: Implications in the Pathogenesis of EVALI. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030046. [PMID: 32605182 PMCID: PMC7560420 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an outbreak of a condition named e-cigarette or vaping products-associated lung injury (EVALI). The primary components of vaping products include tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), vitamin E acetate (VEA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), may be responsible for acute lung toxicity. Currently, little information is available on the physiological and biological effects of exposure to these products. We hypothesized that these CBD/counterfeit vape cartridges and their constituents (VEA and MCT) induce pulmonary toxicity, mediated by oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, leading to acute lung injury. We studied the potential mechanisms of CBD/counterfeit vape cartridge aerosol induced inflammatory response by evaluating the generation of reactive oxygen species by MCT, VEA, and cartridges and their effects on the inflammatory state of pulmonary epithelium and immune cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cells exposed to these aerosols generated reactive oxygen species, caused cytotoxicity, induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, and elicited an inflammatory response. Using a murine model, the parameters of acute toxicity to aerosol inhalation were assessed. Infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes was accompanied by significant increases in IL-6, eotaxin, and G-CSF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In mouse BALF, eicosanoid inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes, were significantly increased. Plasma from e-cig users also showed increased levels of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) and various eicosanoids. Exposure to CBD/counterfeit vape cartridge aerosols showed the most significant effects and toxicity compared to MCT and VEA. In addition, we determined SARS-CoV-2 related proteins and found no impact associated with aerosol exposures from these tested cartridges. Overall, this study demonstrates acute exposure to specific CBD/counterfeit vape cartridges induces in vitro cytotoxicity, barrier dysfunction, and inflammation and in vivo mouse exposure induces acute inflammation with elevated proinflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of EVALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Joseph H. Lucas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Thomas Lamb
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Matthew D. McGraw
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(585)-275-6911
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muthumalage T, Lucas JH, Wang Q, Lamb T, McGraw MD, Rahman I. Pulmonary toxicity and inflammatory response of e-cigarettes containing medium-chain triglyceride oil and vitamin E acetate: Implications in the pathogenesis of EVALI but independent of SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 related proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32587960 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.14.151381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an outbreak associated with the use of e-cigarette or vaping products, associated lung injury (EVALI). The primary components of vaping products, vitamin E acetate (VEA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) may be responsible for acute lung toxicity. Currently, little information is available on the physiological and biological effects of exposure to these products. We hypothesized that these e-cig cartridges and their constituents (VEA and MCT) induce pulmonary toxicity, mediated by oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, leading to acute lung injury. We studied the potential mechanisms of cartridge aerosol induced inflammatory response by evaluating the generation of reactive oxygen species by MCT, VEA, and cartridges, and their effects on the inflammatory state of pulmonary epithelium and immune cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cells exposed to these aerosols generated reactive oxygen species, caused cytotoxicity, induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, and elicited an inflammatory response. Using a murine model, the parameters of acute toxicity to aerosol inhalation were assessed. Infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes was accompanied by significant increases in IL-6, eotaxin, and G-CSF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In mouse plasma, eicosanoid inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes, were significantly increased. Plasma from e-cig users also showed increased levels of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) and various eicosanoids. Exposure to e-cig cartridge aerosols showed the most significant effects and toxicity compared to MCT and VEA. In addition, we determined at SARS-COV-2 related proteins and found no impact associated with aerosol exposures from these tested cartridges. Overall, this study demonstrates acute exposure to specific e-cig cartridges induces in vitro cytotoxicity, barrier dysfunction, and inflammation and in vivo mouse exposure induces acute inflammation with elevated pro-inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of EVALI.
Collapse
|
5
|
Venosa A, Katzen J, Tomer Y, Kopp M, Jamil S, Russo SJ, Mulugeta S, Beers MF. Epithelial Expression of an Interstitial Lung Disease-Associated Mutation in Surfactant Protein-C Modulates Recruitment and Activation of Key Myeloid Cell Populations in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2760-2771. [PMID: 30910861 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) often experience precipitous deteriorations, termed "acute exacerbations" (AE), marked by diffuse alveolitis and altered gas exchange, resulting in a significant loss of lung function or mortality. The missense isoleucine to threonine substitution at position 73 (I73T) in the alveolar type 2 cell-restricted surfactant protein-C (SP-C) gene (SFTPC) has been linked to clinical IPF. To better understand the sequence of events that impact AE-IPF, we leveraged a murine model of inducible SP-CI73T (SP-CI73T/I73TFlp+/- ) expression. Following administration of tamoxifen to 8-12-wk-old mice, an upregulation of SftpcI73T initiated a diffuse lung injury marked by increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein and histochemical evidence of CD45+ and CD11b+ cell infiltrates. Flow cytometry of collagenase-digested lung cells revealed a transient, early reduction in SiglecFhiCD11blowCD64hiCD11chi macrophages, countered by the sequential accumulation of SiglecFloCD11b+CD64-CD11c-CCR2+Ly6C+ immature macrophages (3 d), Ly6G+ neutrophils (7 d), and SiglecFhiCD11bhiCD11clo eosinophils (2 wk). By mRNA analysis, BALF cells demonstrated a time-dependent phenotypic shift from a proinflammatory (3 d) to an anti-inflammatory/profibrotic activation state, along with serial elaboration of monocyte and eosinophil recruitment factors. The i.v. administration of clodronate effectively reduced total BALF cell numbers, CCR2+ immature macrophages, and eosinophil influx while improving survival. In contrast, resident macrophage depletion from the intratracheal delivery of clodronate liposomes enhanced SftpcI73T -induced mortality. These results using SftpcI73T mice provide a detailed ontogeny for AE-IPF driven by alveolar epithelial dysfunction that induces a polycellular inflammation initiated by the early influx of proinflammatory CCR2+Ly6Chi immature macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venosa
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Meghan Kopp
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Sarita Jamil
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Scott J Russo
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Surafel Mulugeta
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and.,Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael F Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and .,Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|